專題10任務(wù)型閱讀-備戰(zhàn)2023年中考英語(yǔ)二輪復(fù)習(xí)題型全面解讀與技巧點(diǎn)撥（全國(guó)通用）（原卷版）

/09/9/專題10任務(wù)型閱讀解題技巧題型概述對(duì)于中考考生來說做“任務(wù)型”這樣的題目時(shí)，普遍覺得不難，而考試結(jié)果一出來，卻發(fā)現(xiàn)得高分的不多，原因就在于這種題型不僅要求考生讀懂文章，還要求同學(xué)們用自己的語(yǔ)言簡(jiǎn)練的回答有關(guān)問題；既考查了學(xué)生的閱讀理解能力，也考查了大家的英語(yǔ)表達(dá)能力和概括能力，另外，對(duì)回答的拼寫、語(yǔ)法的正確性的要求，使得做簡(jiǎn)答題有一定的難度。再加上解答這樣的題型幾乎沒有猜題的技巧可言，也從某種意義上加大了做題的難度。要想取得較好的成績(jī)，對(duì)于題型的研究，好的解題步驟和技巧是非常重要的。任務(wù)型閱讀即根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容回答問題是閱讀理解的一道重要題型。此題為5個(gè)問題，問題設(shè)計(jì)一般比較簡(jiǎn)單，多數(shù)考題針對(duì)文章中的事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)，答案都能在原文中找到出處。最后一個(gè)問題通常為開放性題目，往往需要概括文章主旨要義。解題步驟1看任務(wù)：略讀任務(wù)記住任務(wù)2看文段：略讀文段首尾句、段帶著任務(wù)細(xì)讀在文段中做標(biāo)記定位--對(duì)比文段中標(biāo)記處和對(duì)應(yīng)任務(wù)常見題型1信息查找題：1.解題關(guān)鍵:根據(jù)問題查找定位信息。常用方法:帶著問題有意識(shí)地在關(guān)鍵處做標(biāo)記2信息轉(zhuǎn)換題：解題關(guān)鍵:根據(jù)問題查找定位信息，加工分析并轉(zhuǎn)換成另一種表達(dá)方式。常見的轉(zhuǎn)換方式有：詞性轉(zhuǎn)換，詞匯轉(zhuǎn)換，句型轉(zhuǎn)換3信息歸納題：解題關(guān)鍵：根據(jù)問題查找定位信息，找共性的東西,歸納概括出最佳答案。方法技巧技巧一：由一般疑問句引出的判斷題解題技巧以be動(dòng)詞、助動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞為句首，句末有問號(hào)（？）的句子。要用yes和no回答的句子.例如：Dotheydotheirhomeworkafterschool?be動(dòng)詞：am,is,are,was,were助動(dòng)詞：do,does,did,will,have,has情態(tài)動(dòng)詞：can,may,must,could,should,would技巧二：由選擇疑問句引出的判斷題解題技巧提出兩種或兩種以上的情況，要求選擇一種情況回答，這種問句叫做選擇疑問句，選擇疑問句的兩種或兩種以上的情況用or連接，回答時(shí)不能用yes或no。1．一般選擇疑問句句型：一般疑問句+or+被選擇的情況？--Areyouateacherorastudent？I'mastudent.技巧三：由特殊疑問句引出的判斷題解題技巧特殊選擇疑問句句型：特殊疑問句+AorB?/A,BorC？WhenwillheleaveforLondon，todayortomorrow？Tomorrow.特殊疑問句是以特殊疑問詞為句首，句末有問號(hào)的句子。特殊疑問詞包括Who(人物)、Where(地點(diǎn))、When(時(shí)間)、What(事件)、Why(原因)，which（哪個(gè)），whose（誰(shuí)的），whom（who的賓格形式）How(方式)和由基本疑問詞變化的疑問詞。例如：由what增加的whattime/whatday/whatkind/whatcolor/whatshape/whatlength由how變化的howlong/howsoon/howoftenhowold/howfar/howmany/howmuch特殊疑問句解題技巧：回答特殊疑問句較為復(fù)雜，要注意問題與回答在形式上的對(duì)應(yīng)。(1)問目的，就應(yīng)當(dāng)用for短語(yǔ)，todo不定式短語(yǔ)等來回答；(2)問原因，就應(yīng)當(dāng)用becauseof短語(yǔ)或because從句來回答；(3)問方式，就應(yīng)當(dāng)用Bydoing來回答；(4)問時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)時(shí)，答語(yǔ)中不要忘記介詞。(5)提問詞是what只能用完整句子、名詞或名詞性短語(yǔ)、名詞性從句(多為賓語(yǔ)從句)來回答;技巧四：最后一題提問類型What’sthemainideaofthepassage?...hispassage?Whatcanyoulearnfromthepassage?Whatdoesthewriterwanttotellus？Whatarethepurposesof……?1.要點(diǎn)通常包括兩個(gè)或多于兩個(gè)。2.抓住文章的結(jié)構(gòu)，要關(guān)注語(yǔ)篇結(jié)構(gòu)（總-分、分-總、總-分-總），組織語(yǔ)言時(shí)要避免使用不熟悉的句型、詞匯或短語(yǔ)，盡可能用原文中的關(guān)鍵詞語(yǔ)回答問題，但不能照抄原句，要對(duì)原文進(jìn)行總結(jié)歸納。概括大意回答方式：記住這些有用的句型：It’s(about)…It’s(about)what+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ),how+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)why+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)(注意介賓從句，主謂語(yǔ)序)閱讀回答問題解題步驟和注意事項(xiàng)1、通讀：快速瀏覽全文，標(biāo)清段序。如是對(duì)話形式劃分出層次2、掃讀：瀏覽全文，每段主題句，理清文章基本結(jié)構(gòu)。文章的中心思想以及作者的基本觀點(diǎn)、正確理解語(yǔ)境3、精讀：精讀問題，圈劃關(guān)鍵詞，理解問題，帶著問題找讀，按出題順序，確定答題區(qū)域。4、復(fù)讀：分析，提取，整合信息、準(zhǔn)確表達(dá)。要用簡(jiǎn)練、準(zhǔn)確的英語(yǔ)表達(dá)出來。注意回答問題時(shí)要切中要點(diǎn)，不要畫蛇添足。組織答案時(shí)，注意避免語(yǔ)言錯(cuò)誤，如：時(shí)態(tài)、主謂一致、人稱轉(zhuǎn)化，句子結(jié)構(gòu)和拼寫等。如需引用原文，要作適當(dāng)改動(dòng)，最好不要整句照搬。總結(jié)提升：1.從近五年的中考題看，閱讀與表達(dá)題所給的文章均為說明文，即有說明的對(duì)象，那么文章的主旨還是比較明確的。2.任何一篇說明文都是圍繞某個(gè)主題展開的，有些文章的主題句較明顯，在文章的首段。也有的文章主題句不明顯，但文中最明顯的特點(diǎn)之一是有一個(gè)反復(fù)出現(xiàn)的中心詞，即高頻詞，也就是我們常說的主題詞。抓住了它，便容易抓住文章的中心。3.概括主旨離不開對(duì)全文結(jié)構(gòu)的把握，縱觀全文，找準(zhǔn)找全要點(diǎn)。4.組織好語(yǔ)言，運(yùn)用正確的句式，準(zhǔn)確地表達(dá)出來?！緩?qiáng)化練習(xí)】A（2022·內(nèi)蒙古·模擬預(yù)測(cè)）AsChinesetraditionsgo,fewthingsarebetterthansittingaroundahotpotwhileautumnandwintercomeoverNorthChina.StudiesshowthatKublaiKhan,theemperoroftheYuanDynasty(1271-1368),inventedmuttonhotpot.Foralongtime,onlyBeijing’srichpeoplecouldgettheirhandsonmuttonhotpot.EmperorQianlong(1711-1799)wasatruehotpotlover,eatingthedishmorethan200timesin1789.Amongthevegetablesandmeatspreadoutonthedinnertable,muttonhasbeenplacedfrontandcenter.Manypeoplebelievemuttonhastheeffect(效果)ofwarmingthebody,makingitanidealfoodforthecoldermonths.Sheeparealsogenerallyfattenedupafterasummerofeating,makingthemperfectformeatloversthroughthewinter.TheChinesecapitalishometomorethan2,000muttonhotpotrestaurants,accordingtothefoodplatformDazhongDianping.Therearewell-knownhotpotbrandssuchasJubaoyuan,Manfulou,Yangdaye,NanmenandDonglaishun.Today,manymuttonhotpotrestaurantsdividethemeatintomanykindsaccordingtowhichpartofasheepitiscutfrom.Anexperiencedcookcancutthemeatsothinthatpeoplecanreadthewordsofabookthroughthepieceofthemeat.Intheolddays,restaurantsinthecapitalonlystartedservingmuttonhotpotfromMid-AutumnFestival(the15thdayoftheeighthlunarmonth).BusinessoftenstoppedafterSpringFestival.RestaurantworkerswouldhavetofindanewjobafterDragonBoatFestival(thefifthdayofthefifthlunarmonth),whenbusinesscametoanend.Nowadays,however,peoplecanenjoythemuttonhotpotallyearroundwithtechnologicaldevelopmentinmuttonproductionacrossthecountry.閱讀短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容用完整句子回答問題。1．Whowassupposedtobetheinventorofmuttonhotpot?_______________________________________________________________________________________2．HowcanwetellEmperorQianlongwasatruehotpotlover?_______________________________________________________________________________________3．Whatthingsarealsoprovidedbesidesmuttonwhenpeopleenjoymuttonhotpot?_______________________________________________________________________________________4．Howmanyfamoushotpotbrandsarementionedinthepassage?_______________________________________________________________________________________5．WhywouldrestaurantworkershavetofindanewjobafterDragonBoatFestivalintheolddays?_______________________________________________________________________________________B（2022·山東日照·?？家荒＃╅喿x下面的短文，根據(jù)要求完成文后各小題。SunRuifeng,amotherinBeijing,changedsomeofherplansforher8-year-oldson’ssummervacation.ShelookedforanEnglishtrainingcourse,butintheend,shechangedittoaswimmingtrainingclass.“Duetothestricterregulations(onsubject-trainingclasses,manyparentslikemechoosesportsorotherprojectsfordevelopinginterestsinstead,”Sunsaid.Sun’schoiceispartoftheresultofthegovernment’sgrowingeffortstolightentheacademicpressureonyoungstudents.OnJuly24,Chinesegovernmentintroducedaguideline(意見)toeasetheburden(負(fù)擔(dān))ofexcessivehomeworkandoff-campustrainingforprimaryandjuniorhighschoolstudents.Itlistsrequirementsinareassuchasreducingtheamountandthedifficultyofhomeworkandimprovingthequalityofeducationandafter-classservicesprovidedbyschools.Forexamplehomeworkforchildrenbelowthethirdgradeisnotallowedwhilehomeworkforjuniorhighschoolstudentsshouldtakenolongerthan90minutestofinish.Accordingtotheguideline,traininginstitutions(機(jī)構(gòu))cannotteachstudentscontentthatistooadvancedfortheschoolcurriculum.Notrainingcoursescanbetaughtonweekends,nationalholidaysorduringwinterandsummervacations.AccordingtoGlobalTimes,morethan75percentofChineseurbanchildren,fromGrade1toGrade12,areenrolledintrainingprograms.However,sometraininginstitutionstakepartinanxietymarketing,sellingunnecessaryprogramsthatincreasetheburdenonstudents.Manyparentsshowedtheirsupportforthenewmoves.“Subjectlearningisenoughatschoolandwehopetoimprovethechildren’soverallqualityoflifeduringholidays,”aparentsurnamed(姓)ZhouinGuangzhoutoldXinhua.However,therearealsosomeconcerns.AparentsurnamedCheninShanxisaidthatalthoughsheagreedonnewmoves,sheworriedaboutwhathersonwoulddoafterschoolifbothparentshavenotimetobewithhim.Atpresent,ninecities,includingBeijing,Shanghai,ShenyangandGuangzhou,havebeenselectedtocarryouttheguideline.Itwilllaterberolledoutnationwide.6．SunRuifengdidn’tchoosetheswimmingtrainingclassforhersonatlast,didshe?_______________________________________________________________________________________7．Whatdoestheguidelinerequireprimaryandjuniorhighschoolstodoonhomework?_______________________________________________________________________________________8．Howlongdothechildrenbelowthethirdgradespendonhomework?_______________________________________________________________________________________9．Whoincreasetheburdenonstudentsbysellingunnecessaryprograms?_______________________________________________________________________________________10．Whydidmanyparentsshowtheirsupportforthenewmove?_______________________________________________________________________________________C（2022·遼寧遼陽(yáng)·統(tǒng)考一模）閱讀下面短文，簡(jiǎn)略回答問題。Whatdoyouwanttobewhenyougrowup?Wouldyouratherbeascientistoranartist?Ifyouhavesiblings（兄弟姐妹）,theorderinwhichyouwerebornmayinfluenceyourchoiceofjobs,TheIndependentreported.Familyrolesbasedonbirthordercaninfluencepeople’sbehaviorandshapetheirpersonalities.AgroupofBritishscientistsstudied500peoplefrom11differentcareer（事業(yè)）groups.Theyfoundthatolderchildrenaremorelikelytobecomeastronautsandscientists.NASAastronautNeilArmstrongandBritishscientistStephenHawkingareboththeoldestchildrenintheirfamilies.Thereasonisprobablythatparentsusuallytreatolderchildrenmorestrictlythanyoungerchildren.Thisgivestheolderchildrenamoredisciplined（遵守紀(jì)律的）personality.Thescientistsalsofoundthatmiddlechildrenare30percentmorelikelytobecomeCEOsthantheirbrothersandsisters.Thescientistssaidthereasoncouldbethatmiddlechildrenneedtodomoretogetattentionfromtheirparents.Thismakesthemmorecompetitive,moreflexible（靈活變通的）andbetteratnegotiating（談判）.MarkZuckerberg,founderofFacebook,andBillGates,formerCEOofMicrosoft,arebothmiddlechildren.Youngerchildren,ontheotherhand,maybethe“softest”.Theylearntopayattentiontootherpeople’sthoughts.Thismakesthemsensitivetoothers’feelings.Therefore,youngerchildrenaremorelikelytobecomemusicians.GermanmusicianJohannSebastianBachandAustriancomposer（作曲家）WolfgangAmadeusMozartareboththeyoungestchildrenintheirfamilies.Theresultsofthestudyalsosuggestedthattheonlychildrenaremorelikelytobecomeartists.Theygetfullattentionfromtheirparentsandarefreertodevelopthemselves.Thismakesthemmorecreativeandconfident.11．Howmanycareergroupsarethe500peopleinthestudyfrom?_______________________________________________________________________________________12．Whataremiddlechildrenusuallylike?_______________________________________________________________________________________13．Whatareyoungerchildreninthefamilymorelikelytobecome?_______________________________________________________________________________________14．Accordingtothepassage,whyaretheonlychildrenmorelikelytobecomeartists?_______________________________________________________________________________________15．What’sthemainideaofthepassage?_______________________________________________________________________________________D（2022·江蘇南通·南通田家炳中學(xué)?？寄M預(yù)測(cè)）請(qǐng)認(rèn)真閱讀下面短文，并根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容回答問題。Today,doctorsknowalotabouthowtostopgerms(細(xì)菌)fromspreading.Theyadvisepeopletocovertheirmouthswhentheycoughorsneeze.Washinghandsalsohelps.Storingfoodcorrectlycanhelppreventillnessaswell.However,peopledidn’tusetoknowalotaboutgerms.Formanyyears,evendoctorsdidn’treallyunderstandhowillnessesspread.Theydidmanythingstoavoidgettingsick.Somedoctorseventrieddressinglikebirds.In1619,CharlesdeLormedesignedaspecialuniformfordoctorstreatingplague(瘟疫)patients.Theuniformhadalongcoat,gloves,bootsandawide-sidehat.Thedoctorsalsocarriedlong,woodenstickssothattheywouldn’thavetotouchthepatients.Themaskmadethedoctorslooklikebirds.Ithadalongbeakwithabout15cmfromtheface.Therewerealsotwoeyeholescoveredinglassandtwonoseholes.Atthattime,doctorsbelievedtheplaguewasspreadbybadair.Sothedoctorsputmedicineandflowersinthebeaksoftheirmasks.Theybelievedthiswouldremovethebadsmellfromairbeforebreathingit,preventingthemfrombeingaffectedbytheplague.Diditwork?Well,notreally.Thegermsthatcausedtheplaguedidsometimestravelthroughtheair,butgood–smellingmedicinewasn’tabletostopthem.Manydoctorsstillgotsickbybreathingthroughthenoseholesintheirmasks.Someplagueonlyspreadthroughbitesfromfleas(跳蚤)androdents(嚙齒動(dòng)物).Thedoctors’uniformsdidhelpprotectthemfromthisdanger.However,itwaslargelythecoat,gloves,bootsandhatthatdidthejob,notthebirdmask.16．Howmanywaysofstoppinggermsfromspreadingarementionedinthefirstparagraph?_______________________________________________________________________________________17．WhatdidtheuniformCharlesdeLormedesighedfordoctorslooklike?_______________________________________________________________________________________18．Whydidthedoctorsputmedicineandflowersinthebeaksoftheirmasks?_______________________________________________________________________________________19．Whatdoestheunderlinedpart“thisdanger”inParagraph5referto?_______________________________________________________________________________________20．HowdidyouavoidthevirusduringtheCOVID-19pandemic?(請(qǐng)自擬一句話作答)_______________________________________________________________________________________E（2022·湖南長(zhǎng)沙·長(zhǎng)沙市長(zhǎng)郡雙語(yǔ)實(shí)驗(yàn)中學(xué)校考三模）閱讀下面的短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容回答問題。WhenChinesemovieloverswatchedFantasticBeastswhichcameoutonApril8th,theywouldseethephoenix(鳳凰)andtheqilin.Thesearethefamiliarmythologicalcreatures(神奇動(dòng)物)intheirchildhood.Theqilinisaveryrarecreaturethatcanhardlybeseeninthewizarding(魔法)world,onlyfoundinEastChina.Wizardshadlongrespectedthiscreatureforitsabilitytolookintoaperson’sheart.TheqilinisseenasagentlecreatureinChineseculture.Itsheadlookslikeadragonanditsbodylookslikeadeerorhorse.Itcante