2023屆高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)第一部分專題增分練課時(shí)04閱讀理解-主旨大意題

PAGEPAGE4課時(shí)04閱讀理解-主旨大意題Ⅰ.閱讀理解AJeremyKerr，aresearcherattheUniversityofOttawainCanada，andhiscolleaguesanalyzedmorethan400，000observationsofbumblebeespeciescollectedinNorthAmericaandEuropefrom1975to2022.Whentheresearchersrecordedthelocationsofthesebeepopulations，theyfoundthatmanyofthe67speciesanalyzedweremovingnorthwardfromtheirsouthernlimitswhilethenorthernedgesofthebees'rangesarestayinginplace.Whatitresultsinisobvious.Beeshavebeenpaidmoreattentiontoinrecentyears，withpopulationsofhoneybeesandbumblebeesobviouslydeclininginsomepartsofEurope.Previously，attentiononthedeclineofbeepopulationshasfocusedoncausesincludinghabitatloss，pesticideuseandthespreadofbeeparasites(寄生蟲).ButtheworkbyKerr'steamfoundsomethingdifferent.“Foreveryspecies，thereisoneortwospeciesdecliningandothersthatarenotmovingatall，〞saysKerr.Thisshifthasalsobeenobservedinotherspecies，suchasbutterflies.Butduetoanewcause—theriseoftemperaturesinsteadoftotalpesticideuse，achangeinlanduseorparasites，bumblebees—unlikebutterflies—havefailedtoextendthenorthernboundariesoftheirrangesintotheterritorythatisnowhabitableforthem，sobumblebeespeciesacrossEuropeandNorthAmericaaredecliningrapidly，thelateststudyledbyKerr'steamfinds.“Ourdatasuggestthatthenewfactorplaysaleading，orperhapstheleading，roleinthistrend，〞saysKerr.“Thisstudyshowsthatafourthfactorisalsobeginningtoaffectit.Itislikelythatthecombinedstressesfromallofthesepressureswillhavedestructiveimpactsonbumblebeesinthenot-too-distantfuture，〞saysDaveGoulson，abeeresearcherattheUniversityofSussex，Brighton，UK.Exactlywhatcanbedonetohelpbumblebeesisnotclear.Kerr'steamsuggeststhatrelocatingcoloniesmightbeananswerbutGoulsonsaysthatbecausetheinsectsaremobiletheyarecapableofmovingnorthwardsifthereissuitablehabitatavailable.[語篇解讀]本文是一篇科普說明文。根據(jù)科學(xué)家的觀察與研究，大黃蜂越來越難以適應(yīng)全球變暖，它們的數(shù)量正在銳減，居住地也收縮了。1.Whatdoesthemoveofthebees'southernlimitsleadto？A.Thebirthofnewbeespecies.B.Theriseofthebees'population.C.Theevolutionofthebees.D.Thereductionofthebees'habitat.解析：考查推理判斷。由第一段中的“manyofthe67speciesanalyzedweremovingnorthwardfromtheirsouthernlimitswhilethenorthernedgesofthebees'rangesarestayinginplace〞可知，大黃蜂棲息地的南邊的界限向北移動(dòng)了，而北邊的界限保持不變，這樣的結(jié)果就是大黃蜂的棲息地變小了。答案：D2.What'sthenewcauseofbeepopulations'decliningaccordingtoKerr？A.Habitatloss.B.Pesticideuse.C.Climatechange.D.Thespreadofbeeparasites.解析：考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。第三段中提到“Butduetoanewcause—theriseoftemperaturesinsteadoftotalpesticideuse，achangeinlanduseorparasites，bumblebees—unlikebutterflies—havefailedtoextend...ledbyKerr'steamfinds〞，故Kerr的團(tuán)隊(duì)發(fā)現(xiàn)的導(dǎo)致大黃蜂數(shù)量減少的新的原因是氣候變化。答案：C3.WhichstatementmayGoulsonagreewith？A.Relocatingbumblebeesisn'tmuchgood.B.ThefindingsofKerr'sstudyaredoubtful.C.Thefutureofbumblebeesisstillpromising.D.Knowingbumblebees'livinghabitsisthemosturgent.解析：考查推理判斷。由最后一段中的“Kerr'steamsuggeststhatrelocatingcoloniesmightbeananswerbutGoulsonsaysthatbecausetheinsectsaremobiletheyarecapableofmovingnorthwardsifthereissuitablehabitatavailable〞可知，Kerr的團(tuán)隊(duì)暗示，遷移大黃蜂的聚居地可能是一個(gè)解決方法，但是Goulson說因?yàn)檫@種昆蟲具有流動(dòng)性，因此如果北方有可用的適宜的棲息地，它們就能向北方移動(dòng)。也就是說Goulson對(duì)遷移大黃蜂這個(gè)方法是不贊成的。答案：A4.Whatkindofwritingisthispassage？A.Abookreview.B.Anannouncement.C.Ascientificreport.D.Anofficialreport.解析：考查推理判斷。本文是科普說明文，介紹了大黃蜂數(shù)量減少的現(xiàn)象及原因，應(yīng)該屬于科研報(bào)告。應(yīng)選C項(xiàng)。答案：CB(2022·高考四川卷)Ifyoucouldhaveonesuperpower，whatwoulditbe？Dreamingaboutwhetheryouwouldwanttoreadminds，seethroughwalls，orhavesuperhumanstrengthmaysoundsilly，butitactuallygetstotheheartofwhat_really_matters_in_your_life.Everydayinourwork，weareinspiredbythepeoplewemeetdoingextraordinarythingstoimprovetheworld.Theyhaveadifferentkindofsuperpowerthatallofuspossess：thepowertomakeadifferenceinthelivesofothers.We'renotsayingthateveryoneneedstocontributetheirlivestothepoor.Yourlivesarebusyenoughdoinghomework，playingsports，makingfriends，seekingafteryourdreams.Butwedothinkthatyoucanliveamorepowerfullifewhenyoudevotesomeofyourtimeandenergytosomethingmuchlargerthanyourself.Findanissueyouareinterestedinandlearnmore.Volunteeror，ifyoucan，contributealittlemoneytoacause.Whateveryoudo，don'tbeabystander.Getinvolved.Youmayhavetheopportunitytomakeyourbiggestdifferencewhenyou'reolder.Butwhynotstartnow？Ourownexperienceworkingtogetheronhealth，development，andenergythelasttwentyyearshasbeenoneofthemostrewardingpartsofourlives.Ithaschangedwhoweareandcontinuestofuelouroptimismabouthowmuchthelivesofthepoorestpeoplewillimproveintheyearsahead.[語篇解讀]本文是一篇議論文。作者告訴我們，在我們周圍有一些人每天都在鼓勵(lì)著我們，這不是因?yàn)樗麄冇谐芰Γ撬麄兺ㄟ^做出色的事情，使這個(gè)世界變得更美好。因此，我們要做的就是花點(diǎn)時(shí)間和精力去幫助別人，這也會(huì)對(duì)我們的生活產(chǎn)生重大的影響。5.WhatdoestheunderlinedpartinParagraph2referto？A.Yourlifestyle.B.Yourlifevalue.C.Yourtroubleinlife.D.Yourlifeexperience.解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段的內(nèi)容“夢(mèng)想著你會(huì)讀心術(shù)，能洞穿墻壁，或者有超人的力量，這或許聽起來很愚蠢，但事實(shí)上，這卻是你內(nèi)心深處認(rèn)為人生最重要的東西〞可知，畫線局部的意思是“你人生中真正重要的東西〞，即：你的人生價(jià)值，故B項(xiàng)正確。答案：B6.Whydoestheauthorsaytheyareinspiredeveryday？A.Theypossessdifferentkindsofsuperpowers.B.Theyhavegotthepowertochangetheworld.C.Somepeoplearoundthemaremakingtheworldbetter.D.Therearemanypowerfulpeopleintheirlifeandwork.解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由文章第三段信息...weareinspiredbythepeoplewemeetdoingextraordinarythingstoimprovetheworld.(……我們被我們遇到的、做事出色而美化世界的人鼓勵(lì)著)以及第四段Theyhaveadifferentkindofsuperpowerthatallofuspossess：thepowertomakeadifferenceinthelivesofothers.(他們有著我們每個(gè)人都擁有的另一種超能力——在別人的生活中產(chǎn)生重大影響的能力)可知，作者每天都受到鼓勵(lì)，不是因?yàn)樗麄冇懈鞣N超能力，不是因?yàn)樗麄冇懈淖兪澜绲牧α?，也不是因?yàn)樵谒麄兊纳詈凸ぷ髦杏性S多權(quán)力強(qiáng)大的人，而是因?yàn)樗麄冎車幸恍┤四軐?duì)別人的生活產(chǎn)生影響，使這個(gè)世界變得更好，故排除A、B、D項(xiàng)。答案：C7.WhatdoestheauthorstressinParagraph5？A.Learningmoreandcontributingmoretoacause.B.Risingaboveselfandactingtohelpothers.C.Workinghardtogetabiggeropportunity.D.Tryingyourbesttohelpthepoor.解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由文章第五段的信息Butwedothinkthatyoucanliveamorepowerfullifewhenyoudevotesomeofyourtimeandenergytosomethingmuchlargerthanyourself.以及Whateveryoudo，don'tbeabystander.Getinvolved.可知，作者在這一段強(qiáng)調(diào)：花點(diǎn)時(shí)間和精力去做點(diǎn)超越自我的事情。不管做什么，都不要只做個(gè)旁觀者，要參與其中。要提升自我，行動(dòng)起來幫助別人。故B項(xiàng)正確。答案：B8.Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph？A.Theauthorbelievesthelivesofthepoorestwillgetbetter.B.Muchmoreprogresswillbemadeinthenearfuture.C.Theworkonhealthisthemostvaluableexperience.D.People'seffortshavebeenmateriallyrewarded.解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段的信息Ithaschangedwhoweareandcontinuestofuelouroptimismabouthowmuchthelivesofthepoorestpeoplewillimproveintheyearsahead.可知，作者認(rèn)為努力就有回報(bào)，最窮的人在以后會(huì)改善生活，故A項(xiàng)正確。本段提到過去20年間我們的經(jīng)歷是我們生活中最有意義的一局部，沒提到“在不久的將來還會(huì)取得更多進(jìn)步〞，排除B項(xiàng)；本段提到了關(guān)于health，development和energy的經(jīng)歷是最有意義的，但并不是說“有關(guān)健康的工作是最有價(jià)值的經(jīng)歷〞，排除C項(xiàng)；本段沒有說“人們的努力已得到了物質(zhì)上的回報(bào)〞，排除D項(xiàng)。答案：AⅡ.完形填空I'dgotachancetoworkfortwoweeksatBBCRadioLeeds.Iwasshockedfor__1__alongtime.Icouldn'tbelieveit.ItwasmonthssinceI'd__2__myapplicationletter.I'd__3__thatIwasoneofthe__4__applicantsapplyingforworkexperience.Afewdayslater，Iwalkedaroundthebuildingforthefirsttime，totallywith__5__.Itwasn'tthebeautifulstudiosbutthenewsteamthat__6__memost.BeforemyBBCplacement(實(shí)習(xí)工作)，I'dworked__7__atalocalcommercialradio.Thingstherewerealwaysinamess.Thiswasabsolutelynotthe__8__here.Thehighlightofmytwoweeksthereisthatfeelingof__9__thatthewholeteamunitesanddevotestheir__10__.Allthathardworkwasworthit：youhad__11__listeners，insightful(有見解的)interviewees，andallthisaddedtothe__12__oftheshow.Sure，thereweretoughmomentsbutifyou__13__thenit'llallworkoutintheend.I__14__plentyofactualwork.Researchingtopics，bookingguests，andmeetingguestswereallthingsIspentalotoftimedoing，butthat__15__isnotdefinitelycompleteandIalso__16__aleadstoryforthebreakfastshow，too.I'mgoingbacktostudythefinalyearofmybroadcastjournalismdegreeattheUniversityofLeedssoon，butinmymindthere'llbethat__17__ofunemployment.Obviouslymy__18__careerisdependentonwhatopportunitieswillbeinstoreforme，but__19__there'sonethingI'velearnt，it'sthis：Iwanttoworksomewherewithateamofpeopleasfriendlyandfantasticasthe__20__atBBCRadioLeeds.[語篇解讀]這是一篇夾敘夾議文。作者講述了自己在BBC實(shí)習(xí)的經(jīng)歷及感受。1.A.just B.yetC.even D.never解析：根據(jù)空前的“shocked〞和下文內(nèi)容可知，作者甚至(even)很長一段時(shí)間都處在震驚之中。答案：C2.A.submitted B.subscribedC.mentioned D.polished解析：根據(jù)語境可知，此處表示自作者提交申請(qǐng)信已經(jīng)數(shù)月的時(shí)間了。submit“呈交，遞交〞符合語境。答案：A3.A.assumed B.rememberedC.confirmed D.admitted解析：依據(jù)上文的“Icouldn'tbelieveit〞可知，此處指作者認(rèn)為自己是未被錄用的不幸的申請(qǐng)人之一。assume“假定，認(rèn)為〞符合語境。答案：A4.A.excellent B.fortunateC.unlucky D.available解析：參見上題解析。答案：C5.A.confidence B.respectC.concern D.hesitation解析：根據(jù)語境可知，此處表示作者第一次環(huán)繞著(該公司的)大樓散步時(shí)心中充滿了敬意。答案：B6.A.satisfied B.troubledC.impressed D.moved解析：根據(jù)前文中的“Itwasn'tthebeautifulstudiosbutthenewsteamthat〞和后文的內(nèi)容可知，此處表示最讓作者印象深刻(impressed)的并不是美麗的演播室而是新聞團(tuán)隊(duì)。答案：C7.A.faithfully B.steadilyC.formally D.temporarily解析：在此之前，作者曾經(jīng)短暫地(temporarily)在一個(gè)當(dāng)?shù)氐纳虡I(yè)播送電臺(tái)工作過。答案：D8.A.standard B.methodC.case D.rule解析：依據(jù)前面的“Thingstherewerealwaysinamess〞和下文作者對(duì)BBC團(tuán)隊(duì)的肯定可知，在BBC，情況絕對(duì)不是這樣的。notthecase是一個(gè)固定表達(dá)，表示“情況不是這樣的〞。答案：C9.A.pride B.challengeC.adventure D.freedom解析：依據(jù)句中的“Thehighlightofmytwoweeks〞可知，此處是作者對(duì)這里的員工的贊譽(yù)，應(yīng)選pride。答案：A10.A.efforts B.valuesC.personalities D.lives解析：根據(jù)語境及前文的“unitesanddevotestheir〞可知，此處指整個(gè)團(tuán)隊(duì)團(tuán)結(jié)努力。effort“努力〞符合語境。答案：A11.A.stable B.enthusiasticC.talent