2023年考研外語(yǔ)模擬試題及答案2

考研外語(yǔ)模擬試題及答案2

一、UseofEnglish

1、【C1】

A.carry

B.send

C.pack

D.fit

2、【C2】

A.date

B.sight

C.control

D.place

3、【C3】

A.atlength

B.athand

C.atlarge

D.atbest

4、【C4】

A.links

B.details

C.debate

D.illusion

5、【C5】

A.supposes

B.suggests

C.admits

D.determines

6、【C6】

A.over

B.towards

C.into

D.through

7、【C7】

A.instepwith

B.intouchwith

C.bymeansof

D.byorderof

8、【C8】

A.intends

B.subjects

C.compels

D.prompts

9、【C9】

A.against

B.as

C.besides

D.despite

10、【C10】

A.keep

B.run

C.change

D.set

11、【C11】

A.because

B.and

C.after

D.but

12、【C12】

A.interferes

B.contrasts

C.conforms

D.interacts

13、【C13】

A.except

B.unlike

C.without

D.beyond

14、【C14】

A.about

B.around

C.among

D.at

15、【C15】

A.destined

B.dedicated

C.tended

D.obliged

16、【C16】

A.waitingaround

B.makingup

C.settingapart

D.lookingout

17、【C17】

A.need

B.bill

C.mood

D.trend

18、【C18】

A.submit

B.perform

C.decide

D.pretend

19、【C19】

A.turn

B.hang

C.loom

D.merge

20、【C20】

A.Forwards

B.Outside

C.Afterwards

D.Inside

二、ReadingComprehension

1、Theauthormightagreetothestatementthat______.

A.publishersshouldproducelesssocialsciencebooks

B.socialsciencewritersshouldenhancetheiraccuracy

C.criticsshoulddiscardtheirprejudiceagainstpopsocialsciencewriters

D.policymakersshouldnotbasetheirdecisionsonpopsocialsciencebooks

2、PredictablyIrrationalandLogicofLifearementionedtoshowthat______.

A.nearlyallthepeer-reviewedresearchesarepartialreviewsofreality

B.twoseeminglycontradictoryideascanbeinfactconsistentwitheachother

C.thecombinationoftwopartialviewscanform.asystemicone

D.thesynthesisofaccurateevidencesmaybeapartialviewofreality

3、"Asunnyday"to"arainyone"inparagraph4metaphoricallyrefersto______.

A.abasicallyaccuratesocialsciencefieldto"asocialsciencefieldfullofinaccuracies"

B.arationality-orientedsocietyto"asocietyfilledwithirrationalbehaviors"

C.aworldcherishingevidenceto"aworldneglectingevidence"

D.apolicysystembasedonsystemicreviewsto"apolicysystemguidedbybiasedreviews"

4、Itcanbeinferredthatthelack,ofsystemicreviewsshouldbemainlyblamedon______.

A.thepublishingsystem

B.thepolicysystem

C.socialscienceauthors

D.scientificresearchers

5、Thetextintendstotellinformationusersthatit'sessentialto______.

A.remainsober-mindedbeforeintriguingresearch

B.produceacorrectviewofrealityfromcontradictoryresearches

C.compromisebetweeninterestingnessandobjectiveness

D.extractconcretefactsfrompopsocialscience

6、Whichofthefollowingstatementistrueaccordingtothefirsttwoparagraphs?

A.Thetrendtowardrootlessnesshasspeededupspatialmobility.

B.EconomicrecessionshaveacceleratedAmerican'ssettledness.

C.Thelackofemploymentopportunitieshassloweddownthestay-at-hometrend.

D.Thecurrentrecessionhasledtoanincreaseinthenumberofstay-at-homeagingboomers.

7、Accordingtotheauthor,apostindustrialsocietywill______.

A.revivethetraditionalglueofcommunities

B.reemphasizethecloseneighborhoodfeel

C.possessdiversifiedbusinessinstitutions

D.experienceagrowthinspatialmobility

8、Comparedwiththeirparents,thepresentyouthare______.

A.moredesirousofpromotion

B.moreinterestedinmoney

C.lessindependent

D.lessfamily-focused

9、Thehome-basedworkerswill______.

A.affectAmerican'seconomymodelgreatly

B.prolongthecurrenteconomicdepression

C.lowerthevalueofneighborhoods

D.contributestothehomogenizationofAmerica

10、Regardingthestay-at-hometrend,theauthor'sattitudeisoneof______.

A.warmwelcome

B.reluctantacceptance

C.intenseresistance

D.slightcontempt

11、AccordingtoFriedman,"fivestagesofgrief"______.

A.willbeacceptedwhenenoughevidenceiscollected

B.isnotlikelytobeacceptedasascientifictheory

C.shouldbefurtherdividedintomorestages

D.shouldreplace"stage"withanotherterm

12、WhoseviewpointismostsimilartothatofElisabethKübler-Ross?

A.RussellP.Friedman

B.RobertA.Neimeyer

C.LawrenceKohlberg

D.CarolTavris

13、Manyofusacceptstagetheoriesbecause______.

A.theyoftenfunctionwellinpractice

B.theygiveusasenseoforder

C.theyagreewithhumanevolutionism

D.theygiveusthecouragetofaceuncertainty

14、Theword"toast"(Line2,Para6)mostprobablyrefersto"somethingthatis______".

A.popularandpraised

B.commonandordinary

C.controversialbuteffective

D.commonbutwrong

15、Thepassagetheoriesarewronginthat______.

A.theyneglectthechangesinthestagesoflife

B.theyexcludetheunpredictabilityoflife

C.theymaypromptustotakeincautiousactivities

D.theymisssomeinevitablestagesinlife

16、Comparedwiththeolddays,thesuccessofpresentAmericansismorecloselyrelatedtotheir______.

A.familybackground

B.educationbackground

C.socialskills

D.personalefforts

17、Theauthormightsuggestthatthepromotionsystemshouldplacemoreweightonpeople'sskillsof______.

A.gainingothers'trustandrespect

B.utilizingtechnicalknowledge

C.beingsensitivetocircumstance

D.avoidingmistakes

18、"Goodreason"(Line9,Para4)mightpossiblyreferstothewideningsocialgapsin______.

A.livingstandardsandlifestyle.habits

B.lifestyle.habitsandsocialattitudes

C.educationlevelsandsocialattitudes

D.livingstandardsandeducationlevels

19、Theleadershipclassarenottrustedpartlybecausethefactthat______.

A.theyinterferewithcompanymanagement

B.theyoveremphasizelong-termthinking

C.theyemphasizeimmediateinterests

D.theyfailtoprovetheircourage

20、Theauthor'sattitudetothenewmeritocracycanbedescribedas______.

A.optimistic

B.sarcastic

C.worried

D.pessimistic

21、PartB(10points)

[A]Dosomethingimpressive

[B]Trustyourself

[C]Changeonething

[D]Stoptorefresh

[E]Achieveabalanceddiet

[F]Honoryourbody

[G]Wakeup

Today'sworldhasusallrunningmadlyineverydirection.Weoftenfeeloverwhelmedwithwhat'sbeforeus.Wearelosingourjoyoflife;thereispreciouslittlefunandalmostnon-existentdowntimeinourlivestoday.Wearemastersatmulti-tasking;weexcelatdoing.Perhaps,it'stimetorethinkthewayswechoosetohavealifeandthewayswechoosetofillalife.Isthatwhatyouwant?Herearefivestrategiestohelpyoure-findthehappiness,steadiness,andbalanceinyourlife:

41.______

Idon'tmeanjust"getoutofbedoroffthecouch",butImean"becomem-i-n-d-f-u-1".Happinessstudiestellusthatbeingmindfulisthenumberonefactorincreatingahappylife.Ifwearemindful,wecanenjoyeverymoment.Wearenolongerrobotsorautomatonsbeatingdownthehoursasthedaysslipby.

42.______

Chooseonethingyouwilldodifferently.Committomakingthatchangeeverydayfor30days.Whathappenswhenyoucommittoyourselfandyoukeepthatcommitment?Youlearntotrustyourself.Weareverygoodatgivingourwordtoourboss,ourfamily,andourfriends,butwhataboutourselves?Dowekeepourpromisestoourselves?Frequently,wedonot.Thus,itbecomesharderandhardertotrustourselves.Ifwewanttobehappier,weneedtobuildupsomeenergeticmuscletoneandpersonalwillpower.Wecanachievethisbygivingourwordtoourselves.Nomatterhowtinythecommitmentwemake,ourfaithfulnesstoourselvescreatesastreamofwell-being.

43.______

Tobehappyandbalanced,Isuggestyouallowyourselftore-findyourcenter.MayIsuggestyoutakeafewdeepbreathbreaksduringyourday?Youwillbringyourselfbacktocenter,re-oxygenateyourbody,andtapintothehereandnow.Takeatleastonedayoffaweek.Haveafullnon-workdaywhenyoucanplay,rest,relax,orjustbeacarefreepersonwithnoworries.Weallneedtimetorefillthewell.Ifwerunconsistently,ourideas,energies,andcreativitybecomecompromised.Beinventive,andfindrevivifyingwaystonurtureyouroverworkedself.

44.______

Doyoudancetotheoldiesinyourlivingroom?Doyouliketocreatepenguincupcakesonyourdayoff?Doyoufindgreatsatisfactioninwateringthegardenandtalkingtothebirds?Whatlightsusupandturnsusonisimportant.Weallknowthatspecialanddeepmemoriesarehelpfulinlivingahappylife.

45.______

It'stimetosupportourphysicalselves.Let'sbeginslowlyandworkourselvesuptoamoreoptimumwayofbeing.Createsomespaceandtimetotreatyourselfwell.Eatwellandsensiblymostofthetime.Remembertohavesomeproteinwithbreakfast;limitsweetstoafterameal;limitcaffeine;andchoosecolorful,wholefoods.Youandyourbloodsugarwillremainsteadierandmorestablethroughouttheday.Moveyourbodyinanywaythatmakesyouhappy;regularphysicalactivityisadefinitebiochemicalboosttohappinessandbalance.

Trythesefivestrategies.Theyareproventechniqueswithbigrewards.Theycannothurt,andtheycanclearlyhelp.

(41)

22、(42)

23、(43)

24、(44)

25、(45)

26、PartC

Directions:ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.(10points)

(46)In1798ThomasRobertMalthusfamouslypredictedthatshort-termgainsinlivingstandardswouldinevitablybeunderminedashumanpopulationgrowthoutstrippedfoodproduction,andtherebydrivelivingstandardsbacktowardsubsistence.Wewere,heargued,condemnedbythetendencyofpopulationtogrowgeometricallywhilefoodproductionwouldincreaseonlyarithmetically.

(47)For200years,economistshavecontendedthatMalthusoverlookedtechnologicaladvancement,whichwouldallowhumanbeingstokeepaheadofthepopulationcurve.Theargumentisthatfoodproductioncanindeedgrowgeometricallybecauseproductiondependsnotonlyonlandbutalsoonknow-how.Withadvancesinseedbreeding,soilnutrientreplenishment,irrigation,mechanizationandmore,thefoodsupplycanstaywellaheadofthepopulationcurve.Moregenerally,advancesintechnologyinallitsaspectscankeepproductionrisingaheadofpopulation.

(48)AnotherfactorunderminingMalthus'sargument,itwouldseem,isthedemographictransition,accordingtowhichsocietiesmovefromconditionsofhighfertilityratesroughlyoffsetbyhighmortalityratestoconditionsoflowfertilityratestogetherwithlowmortalityrates.Malthusdidnotreckonwiththeadvanceofpublichealth,familyplanning,andmoderncontraception,whichtogetherwithurbanizationandothertrends,wouldresultinadramaticdeclineinfertilityratestolowlevels,evenbelowthe"replacementrate"of2.1childrenperhousehold.Perhapsthehumanpopulationwouldavoidthetendencytowardsgeometricgrowthaltogether.

YettheMalthusianspecterisnottrulybanished—indeedfarfromit.Ourincreaseinknow-howhasnotonlybeenaboutgettingmoreoutputsforthesameinputs,butalsoaboutourabilitytominetheEarthformoreinputs.Humanityhaslearnedtodigdeeperformineralsandfossilfuels,fishtheoceanswithlargernets,divertriverswithgreaterdamsandcanals,andcutdownforestswithmorepowerfulland-clearingequipment.(49)Incountlessways,wehavenotgottenmoreforle