2018上海高考壓軸卷英語含解析

絕密★啟封前S5U2018上海市高考壓軸卷英語考生注意：1.考試時間120分鐘,試卷滿分150分。2.本考試設(shè)試卷和答題紙兩部分。試卷分為第I卷（第1－12頁）和第II卷（第13頁），全卷共13頁。全部答題一定涂（選擇題）或?qū)懀ǚ沁x擇題）在答題紙上，做在試卷上一律不得分。答題前,務(wù)必在答題紙上填寫準(zhǔn)考據(jù)號和姓名,并將查對后的條形碼貼在指定地點(diǎn)上,在答題紙反而清楚地填寫姓名。第I卷(共103分)ListeningComprehensionSectionADirectionsInSectionA,youwillheartenshortconversationsbetweentwospeaers.Attheendofeachconversation,aquestionwillbeasedaboutwhatwassaid.Theconversationsandthequestionswillbespoenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaconversationandthequestionaboutit,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaper,anddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.1.A.2liters.B.13liters.C.26liters.D.52liters.2.A.InanEnglishclass.B.Inaswimmingpool.C.Onabus.D.Inasportinggoodsstore.3.A.Bybus.B.Byunderground.C.Bytai.D.Bycar.4.A.Doctorandpatient.B.Teacherandstudent.C.EmployerandEmployee.D.Salesmanandcustomer.5.A.Havealesson.B.Taeatest.C.Seeafilm.D.Gotobed.6.A.Difficult.B.Memorable.C.Uninteresting.D.Worthwhile.7.A.Shewantsabottleofjuice.B.She’dliesomealcohol.C.Theredwineinthisbarisperfect.D.Thelocationofthebarisunnown.8.A.Anecellentrésumé.B.Anentryform.C.Ajoboffer.D.Thepositionofsystemengineer.9.A.It’sfamous.B.It’sprofessional.C.It’’scheating.10.A.The26-month-oldbabyisalwaysbusywatchingvideos.B.TVandvideosmayhurtachild

’slanguagedevelopment.C.Nothingcanreplaceparentsinids’languagedevelopment.D.ChildrenusuallywatchTVtoopassivelytolearnsomething.SectionBDirectionsInSectionB,youwillhearonelongerconversationandtwoshortpassages,andyouwillbeasedseveralquestionsoneachoftheconversationandthepassages.Theconversationandthepassageswillbereadtwice,butthequestionswillbespoenonlyonce.Whenyouhearaquestion,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaperanddecidewhichonewouldbethebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.Questions11through13arebasedonthefollowingdialogue.11.A.Encouraging.B.Dishonest.C.Interesting.D.Nervous.12.A.Howtostarthisownbusiness.B.Howtodeveloparealinterest.C.Howtospeatoawomanbravely.D.Howtobalancehisstudyandwor.13.A.Hehastoolooseaschedule.B.Helovesthefeelingwithstudents.development.Questions14through16arebasedonthefollowingpassage.A.idsthrewlittereverywhere.B.Thecampdirectorgaverudeorders.C.Somemysteriousplasticlitterwasfound.D.ids’jointeffortsledtoacleancamp.A.Bytaingpicturesoflitterhepicedup.Bysharingphotosoftheterriblydirtyplanet.Byeepingarecordofcrowdsourcedcleaning-up.Byinspiringidstopicupfivepiecesoflittereveryday.16.A.Thereisstrengthinnumbers.B.Birdscanhelptopicuplitter.é.Questions17through20arebasedonthefollowingpassage.17.A.Toenablestudentstorejectviolence.B.Tohelpstudentsfacestrugglesmoreproperly.C.Toimprovestudents’health.D.Toeliminatepovertymoreeffectively.A.Howtocalmdownbytalingtoeperts.Howtocleartheirmindthroughouttheday.Howtomaetheirteachershappy.Howtorespondtosituationsbetter.A.Morestudentsdroppedoutlastyear.Thereislessbadbehavioroncampus.Studentsarelessresponsiblefortheirstudy.Morestudentsarewillingtobesenttotheoffice.A.Itseffectremainstobeseen.Everyonecanbenefitfromit.Ithelpstogetridofpovertytosomeetent.Thereisenoughevidencetoshowitssignificance.II.GrammarandVocabularySectionADirectionsAfterreadingthepassagesbelow,fillintheblanstomaethepassagescoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblanswithagivenword,fillineachblanwiththeproperform.ofthegivenword;fortheotherblans,useonewordthatbestfitseachblan.OnthemorningofSeptember11,2001,computersalesmanagerMichaelHingson,whoisblind,wentearlytohisofficeonthe78thflooroftheNorthToweroftheWorldTradeCentertoprepareforameeting.AsMichaelwored,hisguidedog,aLabradorretriever___21____(name)Roselle,doedbyhisfeet.At846a.m,atremendousboomrocedthebuilding,elicitingscreamsthroughoutthefloor.MichaelgrabbedRoselle,trustingthatthedog___22____(lead)outofthedanger,andtheynavigatedtheirwaytoastairwell.“Forward,Machael”instructed,andtheydescendedthefirstof1,463stepstothelobby.___23____abouttenfloors,thestairwellgrewcrowdedandhot,andthefumesfromjetfuelhadmadeithardtobreathe.Whenawomanbecamecray,yellingthattheywouldn’tmaeit.Roselleaccompaniedthewoman___24_____shefinallypettedthedog,calmedherself,andeptwalingdownthestairs.Aroundthe30thfloor,firefightersstartedpassingMichaelontheirwayup.Eachonestoppedtoofferhimassistance.HedeclinedbutletRosellebepetted,__25___(provide)manyofthefirefighterswith____26___wouldbetheirlasteperienceofunconditionallove.Afterabout45minutes,MichaelandRosellereached__27___booby,and15minuteslater,theyemergedoutsidetoasceneofchaos.SuddenlythepoliceyelledforeveryonetorunastheSouthTowerbegantocollapse.MichaeleptatightgriponRoselle’sharness,usingvoiceandhandcommands,astheyrantoastreetoppositethecrumblingtower.Thestreetbouncedlieatrampoline,and“adeafeningroahellishfreighttrainfilledtheair.Hourslater,MichaelandRosellemadeithomesafely.Atthatmoment,theythoughttheywere___28____(lucy)intheworld.In2004,Roselledevelopedablooddisorder,___29___touring.Shediedin2011.“I30___(have)manyotherdogs,”Mechaelwrote,

preventedherfromguidingand“butthereisonlyoneRoselle.

”SectionBDirectionsCompletethefollowingpassagebyusingthewordsinthebo.Eachwordcanonlybeusedonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.A.catalog

B.barely

C.free

D.self-consciousness

E.prospectsF.compulsory

G.dropped

H.assigned

I.certified

J.totally

.transferForthousandsofcommutingstudents,ChabotwasourColumbia,Annapolis,evenourSorbonne,offeringcoursesinphysics,stenography,automechanics,___31___publicaccounting,foreignlanguages,journalism—nametheartorscience,thesubjectortrade,anditwasprobablyinthe___32___.Thecollegehadanursingprogramthatchurnedoutgraduates,sportsteamsthatfunneledathletestobig-timeprograms,andparingforafewthousandcars—all___33___,butfortheeffortandthecostofusedtetboos.ClassmatesincludedveteransbacfromVietnam,womenofeverymaritalandmaternalstatusreturningtoschool,middle-agedmenwantingtoimprovetheiremployment___34___andpaybacs.WecouldgetourgeneraleducationrequirementoutofthewayatChabot—creditswecould___35___toauniversity—whichmadethosetwoyearsaninvaluableheadstart.IwasabletogoontotheCaliforniaStateUniversityinSacramento(at$95asemester,just___36___affordable)andstudynoothersubjectbutmymajor,theaterarts.(AfterayearthereImovedon,enrollinginalittlethingcalledtheSchoolofHardnocs,a..a.Life.)“Bysomeflueofthepunch-cardcomputerera,ImadeChabot’deans’listtaingclassesIloved(oralinterpretation),classesIhesitated(health,arequirement),classesIaced,andclassesI___37___afterthefirsthour(astronomy,becauseitwasallmath).Inearlyfailedoology,illingmyfruitfliesbyneglect,butgotlucyinanEnglishcourse,“TheCollegeReadingEperience.ofCarlosCastanedawereincomprehensibletome(andstillare),butmy___38___presentationontheanalyticprocesscalledstructuraldynamicswashailedasclearandconcise,thoughIdidnothingmorethanembellishthedefinitionIhadlooedupinthedictionary.Apublic-speaingclasswasunforgettableforacoupleofreasons.First,theassignmentsforcedustogetoverour___39___.Second,anotherstudentwasastewardess,asflightattendantscalledthemselvesinthe70’me,andwhenmyVWthrewarodandwasintheshopforawee,sheofferedmealifttoclass.IrodeshotgunthatMonday-Wednesday-Friday,___40___tongue-tied.Communicatingwithherone-on-onewastheantithesisofpublicspeaing.ReadingComprehensionSectionADirectionsForeachblaninthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmaredA,B,CandD.Fillineachblanwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontet.It’sahigh-risy,multibillion-dollarindustrywithtightdeadlines,demandingcustomersandlivesindanger.Thebusinessis41.Andit’sbooming.Thenumberofjobsfortranslatorsandinterpretersdoubledinthepast10yearswhiletheirwagessteadily42before,duringandaftertherecession.Duringaperiodofstagnating(阻滯的)wagesacrossthelabormaret,thelanguage-serviceindustrywithits50,000jobsisa43spotinthejobsoutloo.LillianClementiisaFrenchtranslatorworingincorporatecommunicationsfromherhomeinArlington,Massachusettsandisroutinelyontightdeadlinestohandintranslatedmaterial.canbehuge,”saidClementi,“There44’stonspressureof.”Insomecases,a(n)45translationorinterpretationisalsovital.Ifauser’sguideformedicalequipmentisnottranslatedwell,itcouldleadto46duringanemergency.Soldiersinconflictareasrequireecellentinterpreterstospeawithcommunitymembers.Anychangeoftoneorcontetcouldputlives47.Translatorsand’interpretersimmunity’(免疫力)tothenation’economicsdownturnalso48thegrowingdemandforpeoplewhocanspeaseverallanguagesinanincreasinglyglobaliedeconomy,epertssaid.“Goodtranslatorswho49aparticularsubjectandbecomereallygoodatitcanreallymaesi-digitfiguresannually,”saidJiriStejsal,spoesmanfortheAmericanTranslatorsAssociation.Multinationalcorporations,U.S.demographic(人口的)changesandtheInterneteconomyraisetheneedfortranslatedandlocaliedinformation.Companiesincreasinglywanttheircontent50tothetongueofthetown,evenbetweendialectsofthesamelanguage.“Asmorepeople51theworldwideeconomy,that’sgoingtodrivemorecommerce,andthat’goingtodrivemorelanguageservices,”saidBillRivers,eecutivedirectoroftheNationalCouncilforLanguageandInternationalStudiesintheWashingtonregion.,qualificationsfortranslatorsandinterpretersarenotassimpleastheymayseem.Speaingtwolanguagesdoesnotmeanapersoncanworinthelanguage-serviceindustry,epertssaid.Learninghowtotranslateorinterpretisa53sillbeyondnowingthelanguage.Furthermore,themostsuccessfultranslatorsandinterpretersmaintaina54,suchaslegaldocuments,quarterlyearningsreportsoraspecialnowledgeofindustry.Technologicaladvancesmaycutjobsinsomeindustries,butonlinetranslationserviceslieGoogleTranslate55raisedemandforhumantranslatorsandinterpreters,epertssaid.Onlinesalescompaniesalsodrivedemandfortranslation.41．A.tourismB.languageC.technologyD.economy42．A.shranB.changedC.grewD.remained43．A.brightB.scenicC.historicD.tough44．A.moneyB.peerC.bloodD.time45．A.properB.quicC.directD.innovative46．A.diseaseD.confusion47．A.inorderB.atrisC.undercontrolD.outofstate48．A.highlightsB.understandsC.increasesD.resists49．A.setupB.dependonC.specialieinD.objectto50．A.limitedB.accustomedC.relatedD.tailored51．A.agreewithB.haveaccessto52．A.InsteadB.ThereforeC.HoweverD.Otherwise53．A.separateB.genetic54．A.certificateB.diploma55．A.automaticallyB.respectivelyC.actuallyD.immediatelySectionBDirection：Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedsattments.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmaredA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.(A)Ifyoucouldbeanybodyintheworld,whowoulditbe?Yourneighbourorasuperstar?Afewpeoplehaveeperiencedwhatitmightbelietostepintothesinofanotherperson,thanstoanunusualvirtualreality（虛構(gòu)現(xiàn)實(shí)）device.RieWahl,anactress,modelandartist,wasoneoftheparticipantsinabodyswappingeperimentattheBeAnotherlab,aprojectdevelopedbyagroupofartistsbasedinBarcelona.Sheswappedwithherpartner,anactor,usingamachinecalledTheMachinetoBeAnotherandtemporarilybecameaman."AsIlooeddown,Isawmywholebodyasaman,dressedinmypartner'spants,"shesaid."That'sthepictureIrememberbest."Theset-upisrelativelysimple.Bothuserswearavirtualrealityheadsetwithacameraonthetop.Thevideofromeachcameraissenttotheotherperson,sowhatyouseeistheeactviewofyourpartner.Ifshemovesherarm,youseeit.Ifyoumoveyourarm,sheseesit.Togetusedtoseeinganotherperson'sbodywithoutactuallyhavingcontrolofit,participantsstartbyraisingtheirarmsandlegsveryslowly,sothattheothercanfollowalong.Eventually,thisindofslowsynchronised（同步的）movementbecomescomfortable,andparticipantsreallystarttofeelasthoughtheyarelivinginanotherperson'sbody.Usingsuchtechnologypromisestoalterpeople'sbehaviourafterwards-potentiallyforthebetter.Studieshaveshownthatvirtualrealitycanbeeffectiveinfightingracism-thebias（成見）thathumanshaveagainstthosewhodon'tlooorsoundliethem.ResearchersattheUniversityofBarcelonagavepeopleaquestionnairecalledtheImplicitAssociationTest,whichmeasuresthestrengthofpeople'sassociationsbetween,forinstance,blacpeopleandadjectivessuchasgood,bad,athleticorawward.Thentheyasedthemtocontrolthebodyofadarsinneddigitalcharacterusingvirtualrealityglasses,beforetaingthetestagain.Thistime,theparticipants'biasscoreswerelower.Theideaisthatonceyou've"putyourselfinanother'sshoes"you'relesslielytothinillofthem,becauseyourbrainhasinternalisedthefeelingofbeingthatperson.ThecreatorsofTheMachinetoBeAnotherhopetoachieveasimilarresult."Attheendofbodyswapping,peoplefeellieholdingeachotherintheirarms,"saysArthurPointeau,aprogrammerwiththeproject."It'sareallynicewaytohavethisindofeperience.Iwouldreally,reallyrecommendittoeveryone."56．Theword"swapping"(paragraph1)isclosestinmeaningto______.D.transplanting57．WecaninferfromtheeperimentattheBeAnotherlabthat______.A.ourfeelingsarerelatedtoourbodilyeperienceB.wecanlearntotaecontrolofotherpeople'sbodiesC.participantswilllivemorepassionatelyaftertheeperimentD.TheMachinetoBeAnothercanhelppeoplechangetheirsees58．IntheImplicitAssociationTest,beforetheparticipantsusedvirtualrealityglassestocontroladarsinneddigitalcharacter,______.A.theyfoughtstronglyagainstracismB.theyscoredloweronthetestforracismC.theychangedtheirbehaviourdramaticallyD.theyweremorebiasedagainstthoseunliethem59．Itcanbeconcludedfromthepassagethat______.A.technologyhelpspeoplerealietheirdreamsB.ourbiasescouldbeeliminatedthrougheperimentsC.virtualrealityhelpspromoteunderstandingamongpeopleD.ourpointsofviewaboutothersneedchangingconstantly（B）WelcometotheBritishMuseum,thegrandestandthemostspectacularofhumanhistory.Theadmissionisfreeandweopeneverydayfrom1000to1530.Youcaneplore10departmentsincludingTheDepartmentofAfrica,OceaniaandtheAmericasThecollectionoftheDepartmentofAfrica,OceaniaandtheAmericasincludesaround350,000objects.Thescopeofthecollectioniscontemporary,andhistorical.ItincludesmostofAfrica,thePacificandAustralia,aswellastheAmericas.Allofthecollectionsweregotduringthenineteenthandtwentiethcenturiesanddatefromthistime.TheDepartmentofAsiacoversthematerialandvisualculturesofAsia–avastgeographicalareaofJapan,orea,China,CentralAsia,Afghanistan,SouthAsiaandSouth-EastAsia.Thecollectiondatesfromabout4000BC,tothepresentday.Itrepresentstheculturesandwaysoflifeoflocalpeopleandotherminoritygroups.TheDepartmentofGreeandRomanEmpiresTheDepartmentofGreeandRomanEmpiresfeaturesantiquities(古玩).IthasoneofthemostcomprehensivecollectionsofantiquitiesfromtheClassicalworld,withover100,000objects.ThesemostlyrangeindatefromthebeginningoftheGreeBroneAge(about3200BC)tothetimeoftheRomanemperorConstantineinthefourthcenturyAD.60.ThescopeoftheDepartmentofAfrica,OceaniaandAmericasdoesn’tinclude______.61.Theearliestcollectionisfrom______.TheDepartmentofAsiarepresents______.thegeographicfeaturesofAsiatherelationshipsbetweenAsiancountriesthelifestylesandculturaltraditionsofsomepeoplestheculturalfightsbetweensomenativegroups(C)“Doesmysmileloobiginthis?”Futurefitting-roommirrorsinclothingstorescouldsubtlyadjustyourreflectiontomaeyouloo─andhencefeel─happier,encouragingyoutoliewhatyousee.That’stheideabehindtheEmotionEvoingSystemdevelopedbyShigeoYoshidaandcolleaguesattheUniversityofToyoinJapan.Thesystemcanmanipulate,orinotherword,controlyouremotionsandpersonalpreferencesbypresentingyouwithanimageofyourownsmilingorfrowningface.Theprinciplethatphysiologicalchangescandriveemotionalones─thatlaughtercomesbeforehappiness,ratherthantheotherwayaround─isawell-establishedidea.Theresearcherswantedtoseeifthisideacouldbeusedtobuildacomputersystemthatmanipulateshowyoufeel.Thesystemworsbypresentingtheuserwithaweb-cameraimageofhisorherface─asiftheywerelooinginamirror.Theimageisthensubtlyalteredwithsoftware,turningthecornersofthemouthupordownandchangingtheareaaroundtheeyes,sothatthepersonappearstosmileorfrown(皺眉).Withouttellingthemtheaimofthestudy,theteamrecruited(招募)21volunteersandasedthemtositinfrontofthescreenwhileperforminganunrelatedtas.Whenthetaswascompletetheparticipantsratedhowtheyfelt.Whenthefacesonscreenappearedtosmile,peoplereportedthattheyfelthappier.Ontheotherhand,whentheimagewasgivenasadepression,theyreportedfeelinglesshappy.Yoshidaandhiscolleaguestestedwhethermanipulatingthevolunteersemotional’statewouldinfluencetheirpreferences.Eachpersonwasgivenascarftowearandagainpresentedwiththealteredwebcamimage.Thevolunteersthatsawthemselvessmilingwhilewearingthescarfweremorelielytoreportthattheyliedit,andthosethatsawthemselvesnotsmilingwerelessliely.Thesystemcouldbeusedtomanipulateconsumersimpressions’ofproducts,saytheresearchers.Foreample,mirrorsinclothing-storefittingroomscouldbereplacedwithscreensshowingalteredreflections.Theyalsosuggestpeoplemaybemorelielytofindclothesattractiveiftheyseethemselveslooinghappywhiletryingthemon.“It’scertainlyaninterestingarea,”saysChrisCreedattheUniversityofBirmingham,U.Buthenotesthatusingsuchtechnologyinashopwouldbeharderthaninthelab,becausepeoplewilluseawiderangeofepressions.“Attemptingtomaeslightdifferencestotheseandensuringthatthereflectedimageloosbelievablewouldbemuchmorechallenging,”hesays.Ofcourse,therearealsoimportantmoralquestionssurroundingsuchsubtlymanipulativetechnology.“Youcouldarguethatifitmaespeoplehappywhatharmitdoing?is”saysCreed.“ButIcanimaginethatmanypeoplemayfeelmanipulated,uncomfortableandcheatediftheyfoundout.63．What’sthemainpurposeoftheEmotionEvoingSystem?A.Toseewhetherone’sfeelingcanbeunconsciouslyaffected.B.Toseewhetherone’sfacialepressionscanbealtered.C.Toseewhetherlaughtercomesbeforehappiness.D.Toreplacethemirrorsinfutureclothing-storefittingrooms.64．Whatcanwelearnabouttheweb-cameraimageinthestudy?A.Itrecordedthevolunteers’performanceinthetas.B.Itgavethevolunteersafalseimage.C.Itattemptedtomaethevolunteersfeelhappier.D.Itbeautifiedthevolunteersappearance’inthemirror.65．WhatdoesCreedmentionasalimitationofthetechnology?A.Itonlychangestheareasaroundthemouthandtheeyes.B.Itonlyworsinclothingstores.C.Itonlymaessubtlechangestopeople’sepressions.D.Itonlydealswithalimitednumberoffacialepressions.66．WhatdoesCreed’scommentonmoraltheissueswiththistechnologyimply?A.Nothingismoreimportantthanhappiness.B.Technologyisunabletomanipulatepeople.C.Peopleshouldmaetheirdecisionsindependently.D.Peopleshouldneglecttheharmofthetechnology.SectionCDirectionsCompletethefollowingpassagebyusingthesentenceslistedbelow.Eachsentencecanonlybeusedonce.Notethattherearetwosentencesmorethanyouneed.Supposeyoubecomealeaderinanorganiation.It’veryslielythatyou’llwanttohavevolunteerstohelpwiththeorganiation’sactivities.Todoso,itshouldhelpunderstandwhypeopleundertaevolunteerwordandwhateepstheirinterestinthewor.Let’beginswiththequestionofwhypeoplevolunteer.___________67_______________Foreample,peoplevolunteertoepresspersonalvaluesrelatedtounselfishness,toepandtheirrangeofeperiences,andtostrengthensocialrelationships.Ifvolunteerpositionsdonotmeettheseneeds,peoplemaynotwishtoparticipate.Toselectvolunteers,youmayneedtounderstandthemotivationsofthepeopleyouwishtoattract.Peoplealsovolunteerbecausetheyarerequiredtodoso.Toincreaselevelsofcommunityservice,someschoolshavelaunchedcompulsoryvolunteerprograms.Unfortunately,theseprogramscanshiftpeople’swishofparticipatingfromaninternalfactor(e.g.,’Ivolunteerbecimportanttome”)toaneternalfactor(e.g.,‘IvolunteerbecauseI’mrequiredtodoso.happenspeoplebecomelesslielytovolunteerinthefuture._________68______________Oncepeoplebegintovolunteer,whatleadsthemtoremainintheirpositionsovertime?Toanswerthisquestion,researchershaveconductedfollow-upstudiesinwhichtheytracvolunteersovertime.Forinstance,onestudyfollowed238volunteersinFloridaoverayear.Oneofthemostimportantfactorsthatinfluencedtheirsatisfactionasvolunteerswastheamountofsufferingtheyeperiencedintheirvolunteerpositions.____69______theresearchersnotethatattentionshouldbegivento“trainingmethodsthatwouldpreparevolunteersfortroublesomesituationsorprovidethemwithstrategiesforcopingwiththeproblemtheydoeperience.”Anotherstudyof302volunteersathospitalsinChicagofocusedonindividualdifferencesinthedegreetowhichpeopleview“volunteeras”animportantsocialrole.______70________.Participantsindicatedthedegreetowhichthesocialrolematteredbyrespondingtostatementssuchas“VolunteeringinHospitalisanimportantpartofwhoIam.”“Consistentwiththeresearchers“epectations,theyfoundapositivecorrelationbetweenthestrengthofroleidentityandthelengthoftimepeoplecontinuedtovolunteer.Theseresults,onceagain,leadtoconcreteadviceindividualbeginsvolunteering,continuedeffortsmightfocusondevelopingavolunteerroleidentity--------ItemlieT-shirtsthatallowvolunteerstoberecogniedpubliclyfortheircontributioncanhelpstrengthenroleidentity.”

”Peoplevolunteermainlyoutofacademicrequirementsandinternalneeds.PeoplemustbesensitivetothispossibilitywhentheymaevolunteeractivitiesamustItwasassumedthatthosepeopleforwhomtheroleofvolunteerwasmostpartoftheirpersonalidentitywouldalsobelielytocontinuevolunteerwor.Individualdifferencesinroleidentityismostlielytomotivatevolunteerstocontinuetheirwor.Althoughthisresultmaynotsurpriseyou,itleadstoimportantpracticaladvice.Researchershaveidentifiedseveralfactorsthatmotivatepeopletogetinvolved.Section

DDirectionsReadthefollowingpassage,Summariethemainideaandthemainpointsofthepassageinnomorethan60words.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.IntheUnitedStatesalone,over100millioncell-phonesarethrownawayeachyear.Cell-phonearepartofaagrowingmountainofelectronicwasteliecomputersandpersonaldigitalassistants.Theelectronicwastestreamisincreasingthreetimesfasterthantraditionalgarbageasawhole.Electronicdevicescontainvaluablemetalssuchasgoldandsilver.ASwissstudyreportedthatwhiletheweightofelectronicgoodsrepresentedbypreciousmetalswasrelativelysmallincomparisontototalwaste,theconcentration(含氟)ofgoldandotherpreciousmetalswashigherinSo-callede-wastethaninnaturallyoccurringminerals.Electronicwastesalsocontainmanypoisonousmetals.Evenwhenthemachinesarerecycledandtheharmfulmetalsremoved,therecyclingprocessofteniscarriedoutinpoorcountries,inpracticallyuncontrolledwayswhichallowmanypoisonoussubstancestoescapeintotheenvironment.Creatingproductsoutofrawmaterialscreatesmuchmorematerials,upto100timesmore,thanthematerialcontainedinthefinishedproducts.Consideragainthecell-phone,andimaginetheminesthatproducedthosemetals,thefactoriesneededtomaetheboandpacaging(包裝)itcamein.Manywastesproducedintheproducingprocessareharmfulaswell.

“

theproduction,distribution,anduseofproducts------aswellasmanagementoftheresultingwaste-----allresultingreenhousegasrelease.”Individualseducetheircancontributionbycreatinglesswasteatthestart----forinstance,buyingreusableproductsandrecyclingInmanycountriestheconceptoftheetendedproducerresponsibilityisbeingconsideredorhasbeenputinplaceasanincentive（動機(jī)）forreducingwaste.Ifproducersarerequiredtotaebacpacagingtheyusetoselltheirproducts,wouldtheyreducethepacaginginthefirstplace?Governments’incentivetorequireproducerstotaeresponsibilityforthepacagingtheyproduceisusuallybasedonmoney.Why,theyas,shouldcitiesortownsberesponsibleforpayingtodealwiththebubblewrap(氣泡墊)thatencasedyourtelevision?Fromthegovernments’pointofview,aprimarygoaloflawsrequiringetendedproducerresponsibilityistotransferboththecostsandthephysicalresponsibilityofwastemanagementfromthegovernmentandta-payersbactotheproducers.第II卷(共47分)TranslationDirectionsTranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish,usingthewordsgiveninthebracets.72．將過如何的生活取決于你自己。(beupto)73．我們學(xué)習(xí)英語不是為了參加考試，而是為了掌握一種社交工具。(tool)74．只管家境貧窮，但那個男孩志存高遠(yuǎn)并夢想著有朝一日能獲諾貝爾獎。(Despite)75．固然現(xiàn)代社會物質(zhì)豐富，賜予花費(fèi)者更多的選擇，但也使許多人變?yōu)橘徫锟瘛?turn)II.GuidedWritingDirectionsWriteanEnglishcompositionin120–150wordsaccordingtotheinstructionsgivenbelowinChinese.假設(shè)你是李華，近來你發(fā)現(xiàn)有學(xué)生將共享單車停到了校園內(nèi)而且上了私鎖。請你就此現(xiàn)象，寫一份提議書發(fā)布在校英文報上，提議同學(xué)們文明使用共享單車。內(nèi)容提示：1.共享單車帶給人們的便利；如何正確使用共享單車。注意1.詞數(shù)80左右；能夠適合增添細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連接。參照詞匯：共享單車：sharedbies參照答案及分析第I卷第一大題。1-5,BDBCA6-10,DBCDC11-15,ADDDA16-20,ABDBA第二大題每題1分。共26分。語法填空(21---30)Named;wouldlead,after;until;providing;what;the;theluciest;which;havehad;選詞填空(31---40)IACEBGHDJ第三大題第51至65小題，每題1分；第66至77小題，每題2分；第78至81小題，每題2分。共47分。41．B42．C43．A44．D45．A46．D47．B48．A49．C50．D51．B52．C53．A54．D55．C【分析】試題剖析：本文是一篇說明文。本文主要說明全世界化促進(jìn)翻譯員人數(shù)激增，水平高的筆譯和口譯人員的薪水甚至達(dá)到了六位數(shù)。41．B考察名詞。A.tourism旅行業(yè)；B.language經(jīng)濟(jì)；依據(jù)下文可知，這個行業(yè)指的是語言服務(wù)，應(yīng)選

語言；B。

C.technology

科技；

D.economy42．C考察動詞。A.shran縮短；B.changed改變；C.grew增添；D.remained仍舊；while但是，在此處表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，此處是說在過去10年，筆譯與口譯的人數(shù)翻了一番，但是他們的薪水都向來在穩(wěn)步上漲。應(yīng)選C。43．A考察形容詞。A.bright光亮的；B.scenic優(yōu)美的；C.historic歷史上的；D.tough困難的；句意：在整個勞動市場的薪水都比較低的時期，擁有五萬個崗位的語言服務(wù)行業(yè)是整個勞動市場的亮點(diǎn)。應(yīng)選A。44．D考察名詞。A.money錢；B.peer伙伴，伙伴；C.blood血；D.time指這個行業(yè)存在很大的風(fēng)險以實(shí)時間壓力。依據(jù)第一段可知選D。45．A考察形容詞。A.proper適合的；B.quic迅速的；C.direct直接的；

時間；此處是D.innovative創(chuàng)新的；依據(jù)下文的例子“假如一種醫(yī)療設(shè)施的用戶使用指南翻譯地不好，在緊迫的時候，它可能會令人墮入雜亂”可知，正確適合的筆譯和口譯是至關(guān)重要的。46．D考察名詞。A.disease疾?。籅.depression喪氣；C.violence；D.confusion雜亂；分析同上題，應(yīng)選D。47．B考察固定短語。A.inorder有序的；B.atris處在危險中；C.undercontrol處于控制中；D.outofstate不在狀態(tài)中；此處是指翻譯的重要性，任何語氣或許語境的改變都可能使士兵處于危險之中。選B。48．A考察動詞。A.highlight突出；B.understand理解；C.increase增添；D.resist抵制；此處是指筆譯和口譯對國家經(jīng)濟(jì)衰敗的免疫力使得對能說多種語言的人的需求激增，應(yīng)選A。49．C考察動詞短語。A.setup建立；B.dependon依靠；C.specialiein特意從事；D.objectto反對；此處是指假如某一領(lǐng)域的好的翻譯員在該領(lǐng)域表現(xiàn)優(yōu)秀，那么他就能拿到六位數(shù)的年薪，應(yīng)選C。50．D考察形容詞。A.limitedto限制于；B.accustomedto習(xí)慣于；C.relatedto和.....相關(guān)；D.tailoredto和......符合；句意：企業(yè)越越想自己的產(chǎn)品信息能夠被正確地被翻譯成某種語言，甚至是某種語言的幾種方言。應(yīng)選D。51．B考察動詞短語。A.agreewith贊同；B.haveaccessto使用，靠近；C.beconfidentof相信；D.insiston堅持要求；句意：越越多的人加入經(jīng)濟(jì)全世界化使得貿(mào)易量增添。這使得我們對語言服務(wù)的需求也在增添。應(yīng)選B。52．C考察副詞。A.instead取代；B.therefore所以；C.however但是；D.otherwise不然；上文提到對語言服務(wù)的需求在增添，下文有提到申請翻譯資格不是簡單的事情，所以此處表示轉(zhuǎn)折，應(yīng)選C。53．A考察形容詞。

A.separate

各自的，不一樣的；

B.genetic

遺傳的，基因的；

C.learna