電力公司海外承包工程施工安全手冊中英文

施工安全手冊中英文）Constructionsafetymanual土耳其AYAS站項目TurkeyAYASPowerStationProject

序言Introduction隨著企業(yè)品牌的不斷升級，職業(yè)安全管理工作越發(fā)成為施工企業(yè)管理工作中的首要環(huán)節(jié)，東電一公司在AYAS電廠工程項目經理部在東電一公司建立健全職業(yè)安全管理體系的前提下，積極推行職業(yè)安全健康管理體系審核規(guī)范標準，遵守法律、法規(guī)和其它要求，完善機構設置，加強全員培訓教育，明確各職能部門、各層次人員在職業(yè)安全健康管理體系中的責任們將積極貫徹東電一公司誠信守法，以人為本；節(jié)能降耗，保護環(huán)境；過程控制，確保安全；奉獻精品，顧客滿意；管理創(chuàng)新，持續(xù)改的質量、環(huán)境和職業(yè)安全健康方針，確保公司職業(yè)安全Withconstantupgradingoftheenterprisetrademark,occupationalsafetymanagementmorethaneverbecomesthefirststepinmanagementofaconstructionenterprise.UnderthepreconditionofestablishingandperfectingtheoccupationalsafetymanagementsysteminNEPC,theAYASPowerPlantprojectmanagerdepartmentofNEPCpositivelypromotesoccupationalsafetyhealthmanagementsystemcheckcodesandstandards,abidesbyrequirementsoflaws,regulationsandotherrequirements,perfectsorganizationconfiguration,strengthenstrainingeducationsofallemployees,anddeterminesresponsibilitiesofvariousfunctionaldepartmentsandvariouspersonsintheoccupationalsafetyhealthmanagementsystem.Wewillpositivelyimplementthequality,environmentalandoccupationalsafetyhealthpoliciesofNEPCof“Honestlaw-abiding,people-oriented;energysavingandconsumptionreduction,protectingenvironments;processcontrol,ensuringsafety;offeringelaborateworks,customersatisfied;managementinnovation,constantimprovementensurerealizationofoccupationalsafetyobjectivesofNEPC.經過一段時間的職業(yè)安全管理工作實踐，我們在積極吸收和借鑒國內外同行的先進管理經驗同時，為了進一步提高我項目經理部職業(yè)安全管理工作標準和水平，我們組織相關人員編寫了這本《施工安全知識手冊“全通則、員工的

安全要求、安全管理技術、個人防護用品、各種工作安全要求、輻射材料安全、消防安全、工具及設備安全、反習慣性違章、現場模塊化管理、現場急救安全”等方面做了比較詳細的解讀，旨“內強素質、外樹形”，提高全員職業(yè)安全意識，從而為我們在施工生產中營造一個良好的安全氛圍。這也是我們積極開展預防和控制各類事故，保障勞動者在勞動過程中安全和健康的具體工作體現。我衷心的希望廣大職工積極行動起來，加強學習，強化管理，提高認識，使我們的職業(yè)安全管理工作不斷進步。Afteracertainperiodofpracticesonoccupationalsafetymanagement,weorganizerelatedpersonstopreparethe<Constructionsafetymanual>whilepositivelyabsorbingandreferringadvancedmanagementexperiencesofdomesticandforeigncolleaguestofurtherincreasestandardsandlevelsofoccupationalsafetymanagementoftheprojectmanagerdepartment.Ratherdetailexplanationsaremadeinsuchtheaspectsof“Safetygeneral,safetyrequirementsonemployees,safetymanagementtechniques,personalprotectionappliances,safetyrequirementsonvariousjobs,radiativematerialsafety,fireprotectionsafety,toolsandequipmentssafety,againstofhabitualpeccancy,fieldmodularizationmanagementandfieldfirst-aidsafety”Theobjectivesofthemanualareto“strengthenqualityinternandestablishimageexternally”andtoincreaseoccupationalsafetyconsciousnessofallemployees,soastocreateagoodsafetyatmosphereforusinconstruction.Itisalsothedetailedrepresentationofuspositivelydevelopingpreventionandcontrolofvariousaccidentsandguaranteeingsafetyandhealthoflaborsduringoperation.Isincerelyhopethatallemployeesactpositively,strengthenlearning,strengthenmanagementandincreaseunderstandingtoadvanceouroccupationalsafetymanagement.理Project1.0

簡介Briefintroduction

objectiveofthemanualistohelpyouunderstandandabidesafetyregulationsoftheconstructionproject.Itisimportantthatyoumustunderstandworkwillbeimplementedinasafeway.Ifyoudontunderstand,youshouldstopworkingandunderstand,andthenbegintowork.Yoursafetyandhealthyaswellassafetyofpersonsjointlyworkingwithyoucompletelyonyouconstantandsincereendeavors.Actionsmustbetaken!……。istoimplementworkofeverydayinasafepattern.……Safetyistoprotectpersonsandequipmentsfromdangers.……Safetyisrequirementstheproject.Wemustabidebysafetyregulationsoftheprojectdepartment.willexplainsafetyregulationsofprojectdepartment安全生產警鐘長

indetailwhenwetakeasafetyeducationforyou.

通則General2.1Absentee如果你不能來工作，應告知你的工作負責人員。Ifcannotcometowork,youshouldtellyourworkprincipals.2.2Minorinjury每一傷害應立即報告你的工作負責人員以便及時治療。Eachinjuryshouldbereportedtoyourworkprincipalsimmediatelyforconvenienceoftimelytreatment.2.3Dresses著裝需遵守項目部相關規(guī)定，統(tǒng)一著裝進入施工現場。Dressesshouldcomplywithrelateddepartmentoftheprojectdepartmentandpersonsenteringtheconstructionfieldshouldputonuniformdresses.不可穿著會絞入機器中或造成意外的服拖地的褲腳或寬松的衣袖或衣服Youshouldnotondresseswhichwillbewrungintomachinesorcauseaccidents(forexample,dragglingtrouserlegs,brokenorloosegussets,necktiesorclothes).必須隨時穿著襯衫肩部須塞入褲內shouldwearshirtsatanymomenttocoveryourshoulderandtheshirtshouldbeslippedintotrousers.(Itisexceptionalforwelding.)2.4Walkonoffield除另有規(guī)定外應靠右側行走工作區(qū)域或建筑物內抄近路shouldwalkalongrightsideexceptthatitisregulatedotherwiseandyoushouldnottakeashortcutintheworkingareaorbuildings.2.5Running除極緊急外，不得在任何場所跑步。Youshouldnotrunonanyplacesexceptforveryemergentsituations.2.6Motorvehicles進入施工現場的車輛必須辦理機動車入場證，并服從安全保衛(wèi)人員管理。Motorvehicleentrancepermitsshouldbeobtainedforvehiclesenteringtheconstructionfieldandshouldobeymanagementofsafetyguardpersons.2.7Specialregulations本工地禁止喧鬧、打架、賭博、持有武器、持有或飲用酒或未經許可的藥物。Clamor,fight,gambling,possessionofweapons,possessionordrinkingofwineorotherunapproveddrugsinthefieldisforbidden.

員工的全要求Safetyrequirementsonemployeesorderavoidinjuryduringwork,youmustmakegoodcommunicationswithsafetysupervisors,colleaguesandpersonswhichmightbeaffectedbyyourwork.Beforebeginningonework,youmustbefamiliarwithdangeroftheworkandunderstandavoidinjury.YoushouldReadthefollowingbasicsafetyexplanations,sufficientlyunderstandthepartapplicableforyourworkandcarrymanualwithyouforconvenienceofreferencingwhenmeetingdifferentsituations.3.1Personalsafetyequipments進入施工場隨時需要戴安全帽。helmetsshouldbeputonatanymomentwhenenteringintotheconstructionfield.在許多工中需戴安全眼鏡。glassesshouldbeputoninmanyoperations.強烈建議著安全鞋。isstronglysuggestedthatsafetyshoesshouldbeputon.在米以上處作業(yè)時，必須系安全帶safetybeltmustbetiedifoperationsarecarriedoutattheplaceabove2m.對于某些殊的工作，應配戴呼面罩與橡膠手套。Amaskandrubberglovesshouldbeputonforsomespecialoperations.絕大多數作需配戴勞保手套。protectionglovesmustbeputonformostofoperations.

3.2Toolsandequipments狀況須良，且在近期檢查過。mustbeingoodconditionsandhavebeencheckedrecently.只能由合人員使用。Theycanonlybeusedbyqualifiedpersons.不可改變具及護罩。Toolsprotectingcoversshouldnotbechanged.只能按其計目的使用工具。canbeusedonlyaccordingtotheirdesignobjectives.3.3Guardrails適用于地面挖掘坑洞的四周屋頂工作的邊緣，高空作業(yè)的周圍及所有打開孔蓋的四周。Guardrailsareapplicableforsurroundsofholesdugonground,edgesofroofwork,surroundsofoverheadoperationsandsurroundsofallopenedholecovers.3.4Ladders直梯或伸梯必須系牢。laddersorextensionladdersmustbefixedfirmly.必須全開橫撐定位并擺平穩(wěn)來用。laddermustbecompletelyextendedtoorientatethecrossbarsandsetlevelforuse.面向梯子工作，雙腳踏在橫桿。shouldworkbyfacingtheladderandbothfeetstandonthecrossbar.不要站立梯頂平臺或人字梯的上一級Youshouldnotstandonplatformattopoftheladderorthehighestgradeofatrestleladder.要防止梯滑動有必要加防滑墊Youshouldpreventslidingoftheladderandanon-slipmatshouldbeprovidedifnecessary.除特殊情要與安全繩和防墜器一起使Exceptforspecialsituations,laddersshouldbeusedincombinationwithsafetyropesandsafetycatchers.3.5Scaffold需有扶手及中護欄，及擋腳板mustbeprovidedwithhandrails,middleguardrailsandforefootplates.在使用前住所有輪子。Allwheelsmustbelockedbeforeuse.有人在腳架時，絕不可移動腳架。shouldnotbemovedifapersonisonthescaffold.如果超過層時就系緊。scaffoldsshouldbetiedfirmlyiftheyexceedtwolayers.使用梯子下腳手架——絕不可攀腳手架的件。shouldgetonanddownthescaffoldsbyusingaladder–youshouldnotclimbcomponentsofthescaffolds.應將所有點閂住，包括移動式手架的腳輪。jointsshouldbefastened,includingfootwheelsofmovablescaffolds.3.6Marks需要時使，不需要時迅速移掉shouldbeusedifnecessaryandshouldberemovedrapidlyifunnecessary.要注意標上所說明的事項。shouldbepaidonitemsexplainedonmarks.3.7Weldingandcuttingoperations清除附近燃的材料。Removesurroundingmaterials.檢查設備安全工作狀況。safetyworkingconditionsofequipments.在開始工前，先獲得動火許可afirepermitbeforeworking.確認附近火器的位置，或取一火器備用。Confirmpositionsofsurroundingfireextinguishersortakeafireextinguisherforuse.3.8Liftingoperation了解倒鏈繩卡，卡環(huán)（卸扣）正確使用方法Understandcorrectusemethodsofjacks,cableheadsandsnaprings(shackle).使用拉繩控制吊物方向。apullropetocontroldirectionoftheobjecttobelifted.了解起重備的額定負載及吊物重量。Understandloadoftheliftingequipmentandweightoftheobjecttobelifted.3.9Fireprotection只可在指地區(qū)吸煙。Onlyatadesignatedregion.不可使用隨擦隨著”火柴。usewithrub”matches.對于焊接切割或其他明火等作應先獲得許可。apermitforwelding,cuttingorotheropenfireoperations.了解火警號，同時知道如何報。firealarmsignalsandunderstandhowtogiveanalarm.清楚滅火位置及如何使用。positionofuseoffireextinguishers.3.10Risklabels適當填寫并標示在不得作的開關及閥門位Risklabelsshouldbeproperlyfilledandbemarkedatpositionsofswitchesandvalveswhichshouldnotbeoperated.印上不可亂動—不操作”字樣。shouldbemarkedwiththesampleofmoverandomly–notoperate”.進入施工場的人員有責任互相醒，使充分認識到險標簽的義。Personsenteringconstructionfieldshavetheresponsibilitiesofremindingwitheachothertosufficientlyunderstandmeaningsoftherisklabels.3.11Permission在開始焊接容器工作或任何挖掘工作之前獲得工作許可beginningwelding,enteringcontainersorperforminganydiggingoperations,workpermissionshouldbeobtainedfirstly.3.12Digging深度超過米時挖掘坑邊壁須做支或放坡。Whendepthexceeds1.5m,sidewallsofthedugpitshouldbesupportedorsloped.具有適當進出通道。Properentranceandexitpassagesshouldbeprovided.搭設圍護對其人員作成護Guardrailsshouldbeprovidedtoformprotectionforotherpersons.棄土堆離口邊緣米。Thediscardedsoilpileshouldbe1mfarawayfromedgeofthepitopening.

3.13Inflammablesubstances儲藏在有當標簽的容器內。shouldbestoredinacontainerwithaproperlabel.遠離煙火焊接、切割或其他熱。shouldbefarawayfromsmoke,fire,andwelding,cuttingorotherhotsources.3.14Safetyindication在作業(yè)負責人未詳細的把工作說明清楚之前始工作shouldnotbebegunbeforetheoperationprincipalexplainstheworkindetail.3.15Workneatness將每一物放置在適當位置。substanceshouldbeplacedatproperpositions.將垃圾及他廢棄物，放置在規(guī)的容器內，用于放易燃及有物質的容器應加蓋。Garbageandotherwastesshouldbeplacedinregulatedcontainersandthecontainersforcontaininginflammableandharmfulsubstancesshouldbecovered.在工作進中要保持工具及工作所的整潔。Neatnessoftoolsandworkingplacesshouldbekeptduringwork.將電線及管固定在離地米的地方或平放在人行道外andrubberpipesshouldbefixedontheplacewhichis2mabovethegroundorflatlyplacedoutsidethepavements.將所有材工具及設備放置在穩(wěn)固的位（系牢堆積或加墊以止?jié)L動或墜落Allmaterials,toolsandequipmentsshouldbeplacedinafirmposition(fastenedfirmly,piledorfilledwithpads)topreventrollingorfalling.保持所有出通道清潔無阻。entranceandexitpassagesshouldbekeptneatandsmooth.定期處理圾。Garbageshouldbedisposedregularly.4.0

安全管技術SafetymanagementtechniquesExperiencesusethatsafetysupervisionpersonsandtechniciansshouldfollowthefollowingsafetyprotectionmethodssevereinjuriesduringoperationshouldavoided.Theobjectiveofthissectionistotellyouhowatechnicianusesthesemethods.4.1Workdistributionandsafetyindication在指派某人一項任務以前論是新工作或重復的工作全監(jiān)察人員有責任向他說明該項工作的安全預防措施及在工作進行以前應采取的預防措施。Beforeataskisassignedtooneperson,nomatteritisnewworkorrepeatedwork,thesafetysupervisorsshouldhavetheresponsibilityofexplainingthesafetyprecautionsoftheworkandprecautionswhichshouldbetakenbeforetheworkiscarriedout.你有責任了解及遵守這些說明，如果你不了解時，就問，如果你的上司未對你說明時，也問，如果你有身體上的限制時，應告訴你的工作負責人。Youshouldhavetheresponsibilityofunderstandingandabidingbytheseexplanations.Youshouldaskeitherwhenyoudon’understandoryourseniordoesnttellyou.IfyouhaveRestrictionsonyourbody,youshouldtellyourworkprincipal.4.2Distraction工作時分心是極危險的有私人問題經常困擾著你的工作負責人指派工作前作考慮Distractionduringworkisverydangerous.Ifprivateproblemsoftentroubleyou,youshouldtellyouworkprincipalforconvenienceofconsideringbeforeassigningthework.4.3Meeting安全監(jiān)察人員將召集所屬人員定期開會，以講解安全預防措施，使之深入你的腦海，你應參加此項會議，提出你的經驗，不了解時就要發(fā)問。Thesafetysupervisorsshouldcallintheaffiliatedpersonstoholdmeetingsregularlytoexplainsafetyprecautionssothatyoucanunderstandtheseprecautionsdeeply.Youshouldtakepartinsuchameeting,raiseyourexperiencesandputaquestionifyoudon’tunderstand.4.4Workneatness保持工作場所整潔成安全工作習慣的第一步包括下列各項Keepingplacesneatisthefirststeptoculturesafeworkinghabits.Itmainlyincludesfollowingitems:工具與施材料的妥善放置。placetoolsandconstructionmaterials.廢棄物及圾放置在規(guī)定的容器。wastesandgarbageinregulatedcontainers.材料的安儲存。Safestorageofmaterials.煙蒂放入灰缸。Placestumpsintoanashtray.小物件放盒或箱內。Placesmallpiecesintoaboxortank.地面上無具、木頭、金屬廢料freeoftools,woods,metalwastes.進出路未塞。Noblockingofentranceandexitroads.工作臺上放置工作時所需的工與物品。Onlyplacetoolsandsubstancesneededduringworkontheworkingtable.物料妥善放，使火源無法滋生storematerialstopreventfiresources.4.5Inspection在使用每件工具或設備前，你有責任作快速目視檢查，有缺陷的器具應立即加以標示。并通知安全監(jiān)察人員Youhavetheresponsibilitiesofmakingrapidvisualinspectionbeforeusingeachtoolorequipment.Applianceswithdefectsshouldbemarkedimmediatelyandthesafetysupervisorsshouldbenotified.在每日輪班開始時，對你的工作場所作快速的檢查，以確定狀態(tài)良—工作許可，焊接許可，支撐的狀況，進出路，電力設備是否被移動掘地面是否有圍護欄在同一地點施工的其他單位的工作狀況工作的工人何其他變動情況Youshouldmakearapidinspectiononyourworkingplacesbeforeshiftsbegineverydaytodeterminethattheyareingoodconditions-workpermit,weldingpermit,situationsofsupports,andentranceandexitpassages,whetherelectricpowerequipmentsaremoved,whetherguardrailsareprovidedforgroundsnewlydug,workingsituationsofotherorganizationsconstructingatthesameplace

simultaneously,workersoverheadworkingoranyotherchangesituations.5.0

個人防用品Personalprotectionappliances5.1——Head-safety在工作期，應戴經批準的且狀良好的安全帽。working,anapprovedsafetyhelmetwithgoodconditionsshouldbeputon.建議不使金屬安全帽，而且在達控制室、變電所接近高架線位置，不得戴金屬安全帽，得變動帽上的零件Itissuggestedthatnometalsafetyhelmetshouldbeused,nometalsafetyhelmetshouldbeputoninthemotorcontrolroom,transformerstationandnearoverheadpowerlines,andpartsonthesafetyhelmetshouldnotbechanged.5.2Eyesandears眼部保護Protectionofeyes具有側面防護的工業(yè)用安全眼鏡—凡在工廠內工作的所有時間及鉆孔削筑混凝土水泥、鐵器互相敲擊等工作時均應使用。Industrialglasseswithsideprotection–itshouldbeusedduringalltimewhenworkingtheplantsaswellasduringdrilling,cutting,pouringconcretes,nailingiron(cement)nails,knockingironapplianceswitheachother.切割用護目鏡Gogglesforcutting在氣焊及切割時使用。Itisusedduringgasweldingandcutting.最低3號密度的濾光鏡atleastfilterlenswith3#density濾光鏡片兩面各有一片塑膠罩片。surfaceofthefilterlensisprovidedwithoneplasticcoversheet.全罩護目鏡在大多數動力切削及處理腐蝕性液體時使用coveredgollglesareusedduringmostsofpoweredcuttingandsawing,overheaddrillingandtreatingcorrosiveliquids.全面型護面罩Fullfacetypefaceshield打磨及處理熔融材料（鉛、瀝青）時。Itisusedduringgrindingandtreatingmoltenmaterials(Pd,asphalt).可用于代替全罩護目鏡Itcanbeusedforreplacingfullycoveredgollgles.預防措施Precautions手不要觸及眼。Thehandshouldnottoucheyes.要知道洗眼睛站的位置疑有外物進入眼睛時洗自己試著清除眼中的外物Youshouldknowpositionoftheeyewashingstation.Ifyoudoubtthatforeignsubstancesenteryoureyes,youshouldwasheyeswithwaterandshouldnottrytoremoveforeignsubstancesinyoureyesbyyourself.耳朵Ears某些工作場所或使用某些工具設備時，需要使用耳塞。Earplugsshouldbeadoptedinsomeworkingplacesorwhensometoolsandequipmentsareused.5.3Faceandneck在下列情下需戴面罩：Ashieldshouldbeadoptedunderfollowingsituations:在瀝青鍋旁工作時Worknearanasphaltmeltingfurnace.熔化鉛及處理酸時。MeltPdandtreatacids.在進行某些打磨工作時。Implementsomegrindingoperations.使用可造成固體物質向外拋出的電鋸時。Useanelectricsawwhichwillcausethrowingofsolidsubstances.焊接可產生電弧灼傷，面部及頸部應做適當保護。Properprotectionsshouldbemadeonfaceandneckwhenweldingmightgenerateelectricarcburn.寬的領帶及破舊的襯衫得在機器周圍穿著andloosenecktiesandbrokenshirktsshouldnotbeputonatsurroundsofamachine.5.4handsandwrists手套——應在大多數的工作場戴適合的套。properglovesshouldbeputonatmostofworkingplaces.塑膠或橡膠涂層手套，用于特殊工作（如溶劑、處理化學物質）經絕緣測試的橡膠手套，用于所有的電路工作及可能接觸到帶電電路的場所，如錘擊混凝土、鉆孔及挖掘，使用前務必作目視檢查，是否有破損，工作中隨時要檢查并作正確貯存Visualshouldbemadeonplasticorrubbercoatingglovesandrubberglovesafterinsulationtestforspecialoperations(forexample,solvents,treatingchemicalsubstances)tocheckwhethertheyaredamagedwhentheseglovesareusedforallcircuitoperationsandusedattheplaceswhereelectrifiedcircuitsmightbecontacted,forexample,hammeringconcretes,drillinganddigging.Inspectionsshouldbecarriedoutatanymomentduringoperationandtheglovesshouldbecorrectlystored.工具夾Toolclamps打樁、打楔子等類似的工作，要用工具夾把持工件以免打到手。Toolclampsbeusedforholdingworkingpiecestoavoidstrikehandsduringpilingandwedging.拉繩Pullrope拉繩是用于控制吊物，并使工人避開所有吊裝物—手不要碰到吊物。Pullropesareforcontrollingsuspendingsubstancesandkeepingworkersfromallhoistingsubstances–handsshouldnottouchsuspendingsubstances.不可將拉繩纏繞在你的手上或身體上。Youshouldnotwindpullropesonyourandsorbody.限制Restrictions使用電動工具時材料要固牢能依賴你的力量來抵制機器的動力Materialsshouldbefirmwhenelectrictoolsareusedandyoushouldnotdependonyourforcetoresistpowerofmachines.使用電動工具時，應將戒指及其他珠寶、飾物取下。shouldputoffyourfingerringsaswellasotherjewelriesandaccoutermentswhenusingelectrictools.

使用手套操作工具及機器時心的考慮否有被卷入的危險glovesareusedforoperatingtoolsandmachines,youshouldmadecarefulconsiderationstoconfirmwhetherthegloveshavetheriskofbeingrolledin.5.5Back在抬起重時是使用腿力而非背肌保持背部挺Youshoulduselegforcetoliftaheavyarticlebutnotthebackmusclesandyoushouldkeepbackvertical.所抬物品能超過你的能力范圍，慮物品的大小、形、重量，必要時請教你的施工負責人員Thearticleliftedbyyoushouldnotbeyondyourcapability.Youshouldconsidersize,shapeandweightofthearticleandshouldconsultwithyourconstructionprincipalifnecessary.5.6Abdomen在使用徑手鋸、臺鋸及類似的動機器鋸材料時，穿防止反圍裙。Anforpreventingreboundingshouldbeputonwhenyouusearadialhandsaw,abenchsaworasimilarelectricmachinesaw.5.7Leg,thigh,knee,shankandankle通則General工作褲或褲子必須沒有寬松的、撕破的或拖地的織物，褲腳應沒有上摺部分。Workingtrousersortrousersshouldnothaveloose,brokenordraggletextilesandthetrouserlegsshouldnothaveupwardrumplingportion.尖銳工具不能置在口袋內，應使用掛在皮帶上的帆布或皮革工具套。“所有的尖端向”。Sharptoolsshouldnotbeplacedinbagsandcanvasorleathertoolbagswhichcanbehangonbeltshouldbeadopted.“Allsharpendsdown”.特殊方法Specialmethods在使用諸如鏈鋸、刷鉤或可能有蛇咬的地方時，要考慮脛部的保護如穿皮套褲、綁腿、鞋套等裝具。Protectionofshankshouldbeconsideredattheplacewhereachainsaworabrushhookisusedorpersonsmightbebeatbyasnake,forexample,puttingonleathersheathtrousers,legwrappingsandshoecovers.在踏上材料可能有移動的地方時，要考慮到穩(wěn)定性，扎住腿或腳。Stabilityshouldbeconsideredattheplacewherethesettingmaterialsmightbemovedandlegsoffeetshouldbebound.5.8Feetand隨時穿著過批準的安全鞋。safetyshoesshouldbeputonatanymoment.上部帶鋼保護的鞋可對腳的上提供進一層的保護特別是在廠內工作或處理重材料Shoeswhoseupperportionisprovidedwithsteelplateprotectioncanprovidefurtherprotectionforupperportionoffeet,especiallyworkinginplantsortreatingheavymaterials.在有化學害的狀況下工作時，穿著能對腳趾作安保護的橡靴。Rubbershoeswhichcanprovidesafeprotectionsfortoesshouldbeputonwhenyouworkundersituationswithchemicaldamages.在使用手夯土機及類似裝備時應穿著護腳的裝備。Equipmentsprotectingfeetshouldbeputonwhenyouuseahandhammer,arammercompactorandsimilarequipments.5.9Protectionofbreathsystem在某些工廠地區(qū)內及在進行某些種類的工作時使用適當的呼吸器些要求及正確的呼吸器使用將會向你說明。Properbreathersbeadoptedwhenyouareinsomeplantareasorimplementsometypesofwork.Youwillbetoldtheserequirementsandcorrectuseofbreathers.當暴露在如木焦油或其他刺激物質等化學藥品時需使用護軟膏。Skinprotectingointmentsshouldbeusedwhenyouareexposedinchemicalsubstancessuchaswoodtarorotherirritantsubstances.灼傷——保護你的皮膚，以防光、電焊及其他熱源的傷害。Burn–protectyourskinfromdamagesofsunshine,electricweldingarcsandotherheatsources,6.0

工具Tools6.1手工Handtools每種工具設計用于某種工作，能依據工具的用途用，每一工具均需加以維。toolisdesignedforonekindofworkanditshouldbeusedonlyaccordingtopurposeofthetool.Eachtoolshouldbemaintained.使你的手具保持最佳狀態(tài)—保持銳利、清潔潤滑無磨損及不用Thehandtoolsshouldbekeptinthebestconditions-keepsharp,clean,lubrication,freeofabrasionandfreeofabuse.磨損的工是危險的，例如，管板牙磨損成光滑時會滑脫，果活動扳手的顎夾，扭曲也會脫，而釘錘與把手間松動，頭也會飛。Worntoolsaredangerous.Forexample,threadchasersofpipetongswillslipwhentheyareworn.Amonkeywrenchwillalsoslipifjawclipofthewrenchistwisted.Thehammerheadwillflyapartifthepartbetweenthehammerandthehandleisloose.對于受沖后，變形成洋菇狀的具（如鐵鏨的打擊）應隨時把它磨掉以避免擊時成碎片飛擊傷人。建議工具夾來防止。Fortools(i.e.,beatingpointofanironchisel)whichwillbecomecultivatedmushroomshapeafterbeingimpacted,itshouldbegrindedatanymomenttoavoiddamageofpersonsduringbeating.使用工具不可超過其負載量。oftoolsshouldbeexceededduringuse.

不可以工當撬棒使用。shouldnotbeusedascrowbars.6.2手式動具Portableelectrictools限制Restrictions除非完全熟悉，否則不可操作（有些工作在開始工作前需獲得許可。參閱后文工作許可證Youshouldnotoperatethesetoolsexceptthatyouarecompletelyfamiliarwiththem(permitsshouldbeobtainedforsomeworkbeforebeginning,pleaserefertothefollowingpartWorkpermit”).主要危害Maindamages扭矩圓周或旋轉運動的工具電鉆動鉆等產生強大扭力防備其被工作件咬住”的危險Torsionalmoment:toolsmakingcircleorrotationmotionsincludingelectricdrills,pneumaticdrillsandsawswillgeneratestrongtwistingforceanddangerswhenthetoolsaregrippedbyworkingpiecesshouldbeprevented.要站穩(wěn)身體，以雙手依照指示操作，并應有關掉電源開關或扳機的準備（應使設備的開關不鎖“運行”）注意轉動設備“行”或“空轉”扭矩可能帶來的危害。shouldstandstablyandoperatesinbothhandsaccordingtoinstructions,andyoualsoshouldhavepreparationsforshuttingoffpowerswitchortrigger(youshouldmakethatswitchoftheequipmentwillnotbelockedon“Run”).Attentionsshouldbepaidtodamageswhichmightbecausedbytorsionalmomentsofsliding”or“idlerunning”ofrotatingequipments.飛出的物體：幾乎任何動力工具的操作都會發(fā)生這種情況，因此必須：Flyingobjects:operationsofalmostallpowertoolswillgeneratesuchasituation,soyoumust:警告周圍的人warnsurroundingpersons.使用適當的保護眼睛的裝備。properequipmentsforprotectingeyes.接觸轉動中的機件身體絕不可接觸到轉動機件電源切斷不可接觸動力機鉆鉆頭machinecomponentsinrotation:yourbodyshouldnevercontactrotatingcomponentsexceptthatpowersupplyisdisconnected.Youshouldnevercontactwithpowercomponents(forexample,drills,chuckplates,knivesanddrillpits).對于其他人：要讓你附近的人了解，并警告他們，工具轉動期間不要讓他們在四周走動，也許還有人在你的后面。Forothers:youshouldletadjacentpersonsunderstandandwarnthemthattheyshouldnotwalkaroundthetoolsduringrotationofthetools.Somepersonsmaybebehindyou.工具狀況：在使用前檢查每一電動工具，看看有沒有損壞的零件、松動的配件、磨損或割破的電線，對有缺陷的工具應加掛標簽維修oftools:eachelectrictoolshouldbecheckedbeforeusetocheckwhethertheyhavedamagedparts,loosefittings,wornorbrokenwires.Toolswithdefectsshouldbemarkedwithalabelandbesentforrepair.動力源：在調整工具前，應先關閉電源，斷開前，先排盡空氣source:powersupplyshouldbeshutoffbeforetoolsareadjustedandairshouldbeexhaustedbeforepowerdown.保護Protection所有設備在使用前應安裝適當的防護罩或擋板得使用沒有防護罩的不適當設備準使用自制的扳手或延伸器。Properprotectivecoversorblockingplatesshouldbeinstalledforallequipmentsbeforeuse.Improperequipmentswithoutprotectivecovershouldnotbeused.Wrenchedorstretchersselfmadeshouldnotbeadopted.6.3電工——工廠Electrictools–factorytype某些電動器僅能由經過適當培后經授權的操作員操作器上貼有操作員名字一份基本操作守則Someelectrictoolscanbeoperatedonlybyauthorizedoperatorsafterpropertraining.Nameoftheoperatorandonebasicoperationrulearepastedonthemachine.調整、保及修理Adjustment,maintenanceandrepair關掉機器并采取必要的行動意外啟動整的上鎖加標簽程序或僅拔掉電線插上鎖加標簽程序downmachinesandtakenecessaryactionstopreventaccidentalstartup.Mayusecompletelockinglabelingprocedureoronlyplugoffwireplug(pleaserefertothelockinglabelingprocedure)取下在保養(yǎng)時所使用的曲柄、鑰匙或扳手，在起動前放好所有護板護罩。Takedowncrankhandle,keyorwrenchusedinmaintenanceandplacewellallprotectiveplatesandcoversbeforestartup.確認所更換的零件符合正確的規(guī)格，如砂輪機的轉速必須合乎機器的最大運轉速度，切木機的刀片，必須正確的對準軸心等等。Confirmthatthepartsforreplacementcomplywithcorrectspecifications.Forexample,rotationspeedofgrindingmachinesmustmeetmaximumoperationspeedofmachinesandbladesofwoodcuttingmachinesmustcorrectlyalignaxiscenter.操作經驗Operationexperiences寬松的衣服珠寶作機器時穿戴扣好或向上卷好shouldnotwearlooseclothes,gloves,fingerringsandotherjewelrieswhenoperatingmachines.Gussetsmustbebuckledwellorrolledupwards.手指不可觸及轉動中的部件物時要確認關閉機器停止及沒有滑行刷子清除雜物shouldnottouchpartsinrotation.Itshouldbeconfirmedthatmachinesarepowereddownduringremovalofwastessothatmachinesarestoppedanddon’thaveslipping.Impuritiesshouldberemovedbyusingabrush.最少在每天起動前做檢查，看看有沒有松動或損壞的機件、充分的照明、潤滑，并安置機臺附近可能由于震動而帶來麻煩的工具或材料。Inspectionsbecarriedoutatleastbeforestartupeverydaytocheckwhethertherearelooseordamagedcomponents,sufficientilluminationandlubricationandtodisposetoolsormaterialsnearthemachinetablewhichmightcausetroublesduetovibration.可能時，使用夾子或老虎鉗固定工作件。Ifaclamporpliersisusedforfixingworkingpieces.許多機器都有安全連鎖裝置其發(fā)揮作用可旁BYPASS鎖裝置Manymachineshavesafetyinterlockdevicesandyoushouldensurethatthedevicescanfunctionnormally.Bypassoftheinterlockdevicesisneverpermitted.有些機器使用空氣及電力，在修理或調整可動性零件時，空氣與電力二者均應關閉，要注意勿使空氣留在系統(tǒng)內—要釋放出空氣再工作。Airandpowerareusedforsomemachinesandbothairandpowershouldbeclosedduringrepairofmaintenanceofmovableparts.Attentionsshouldbepaidtothatairshouldnotbeleftinthesystem-operationsshouldbecarriedoutonlyafterairisexhausted.火災隨時會在我們身旁發(fā)生，油及高溫碎片增加了潛在的危險性楚滅火器的位置持機器區(qū)域清潔閱“火”一節(jié)。Afiremightoccurnearusatanymomentandoil,brokenclothandhightemperaturefragmentsincreasepotentialdangers.You

shouldunderstandpositionoffireextinguishersandkeepnetmachineareas.Pleaserefertothesection“fireprotection.清楚鄰近區(qū)域的其他工人的工作區(qū)域及障礙物。6.4各起工Varioustools吊鉤、卡、工字梁固定夾及索。hook,snapring,Ibeamfixingclampandhitch一吊鉤只能掛一掛環(huán)2或多個掛環(huán)用卡環(huán)Oneliftinghookshouldonlybehangedwithonesuspensionhook.Iftwoormoresuspensionhooksshouldbehanged,itispreferablytouseasnapring.所有吊鉤必須具有一安全擋板（以震動來脫鉤的掛鉤例外Allliftinghooksshouldbeprovidedwithasafetyblockingplate(exceptthepothookdisconnectingwithvibration)始終將吊物置于吊鉤的中心——不可置于鉤端。Theobjecttobeliftedshouldalwaysbeplacedatcenteroftheliftinghook-itshouldneverbeplacedathookend.在未確切知道建筑結構是否可以承受所吊的重物前，絕不可將吊索掛在任何結構的構件上。Theslingshouldneverbehangedoncomponentsofanystructuresbeforeyouclearlyknow