句子成分掌握句子成分把握句子脈絡(luò)有助于理解句子意思市公開課金獎市賽課一等獎?wù)n件

句子成份掌握句子成份,把握句子脈絡(luò),有助于理解句子意思.見到英語句子應(yīng)當(dāng)首先抓住句子主要成份,即:主語部分和謂語部分.先弄清句子所要陳說對象(誰或什么),干(做)什么,然后在去找修飾成份或闡明成份.句子所要陳說對象(誰或什么)是主語;干(做)是謂語;謂語承受者是賓語.修飾主語和賓語成份是定語;修飾謂語、形容詞或副詞成份是狀語;系動詞之后成份是表語.比如:TheChineseworkersarebuildingatallbuilding

neartheschool.

Thesedeliciousfoodtastesgood.

定語主語謂語定語賓語狀語定語定語主語謂語表語第1頁第1頁

第一節(jié)主語主語是句子所要陳說對象.它是一句話“頭”,它回答“誰”“什么”問題.作主語主要是名詞和代詞,另一方面尚有數(shù)詞,動名詞,不定式,從句等.比如:Youarewantedonthephone.2)Maryisthecleverestofthetree.3)----Whatmakesyousoupset.-----Losingthewallet.4)It'snousecryingoverspiltmilk.5)Toseeistobelieve.6)Whetherhecomesornotdoesn'tmatter.7)It'simportantforyoutofinishthistask.(代詞作主語)(名詞作主語)(疑問詞作主語)(動名詞作主語)(動名詞作主語)(不定式作主語)(從句作主語)(不定式作主語)主語普通情況下放在句首,只有在疑問句或倒裝句中后移.第2頁第2頁練習(xí)題I.找出下列句中主語并說出是有什么來充當(dāng)1.Wewrotealetterofthankstowhoeverhadhelpedus.

2.Whetheryoudon'tlikehimisnoneofmybusiness.3.Theyliveonabusystreet.Itmustbeverynoisy.4.Therearesomeboysandgirlsontheplayground.

5.Tosayitiseasierthantodoit.(代詞)(主語從句)(代詞)(代詞)(名詞)(不定式短語)第3頁第3頁6.Itispossibletoflytothemoonbyspaceship.7.Mybrothergavemetwobooks.Thefirstwasanovel.8.Skatingisgoodexercise.9.Thewoundedhavealreadybeensenttothehospital.

10.Howtodoitwellisanimportantquestion.不定式短語

(名詞);(數(shù)詞)(動名詞)(形容詞)(帶疑問詞不定式短語)第4頁第4頁II.用正確詞性填空_______(fight)brokeoutbetweentheSouthandtheNorth.2.__________(complete)thebuildingintwomonthswillbeagreatachievement.3._______(succeed)or_______(fail)dependsonthesupportofthemasses.4.Whathas_________(happen)provesthatourpolicyisright.5._____(its)happenedthatIwasn'ttherethatday.FightingTocompleteSuccessfailurehappenedIt第5頁第5頁第二節(jié)謂語謂語是句子軀干,說明主語動作.謂語動詞伴隨主語不同而改變,伴隨時間不同而改變,伴隨與主語不同關(guān)系(主動關(guān)系和被動關(guān)系)而改變,總之,時時在變.謂語有三種不同形式:1)動詞Theyplantedmanytreesonthehill.2)情態(tài)動詞+動詞Youmuststayathome.3)系動詞+表語Thereportisveryinteresting.第6頁第6頁掌握謂語應(yīng)注意它幾種改變:1)人稱和數(shù)改變?nèi)?Iworkinaforeigncountry.Heworksinaforeigncountry.2)時態(tài)改變?nèi)?Iusuallygetupatsix.(普通現(xiàn)在時)Iamgettingupnow.(現(xiàn)在進行時)Igotupatfiveyesterday.(普通過去時)Iwillgetupatseventomorrow.(普通未來時)Ihavealreadygotup.(現(xiàn)在完畢時)Iwasgettingupwhenhecamein.(過去進行時)Ihadgotupwhenhecametomyhouse.(過去完畢時)ItoldmymotherthatIwouldgetup.(過去未來時)第7頁第7頁3)語態(tài)改變?nèi)?Thechildrencarriedschoolbags.(積極語態(tài))Schoolbagswerecarriedbythechildren.(被動語態(tài))4)語調(diào)改變?nèi)?Iwasverybusy,soIdidn'tgotoseehim.(真實語調(diào))IwouldhavegonetoseehimifIhadnotbeenerybusy.(虛擬語調(diào))第8頁第8頁練習(xí)題I.指出下列句中謂語并注意改變形式Theearthmovesroundthesun.2.Thefactoryhasalreadygoneintoproduction.3.Wemustgetridofbadhabits.4.Anotherkindofpollutionisnoise.5.Yoursentencedoesn'tsoundright.6.Theleaveshaveturnedyellow.7.Theweathercontinuedfineforseveraldays.普通現(xiàn)在是第三人稱單數(shù)現(xiàn)在完畢時情態(tài)動詞加動詞系表結(jié)構(gòu)系表結(jié)構(gòu)否認(rèn)式系表結(jié)構(gòu)完畢時系表結(jié)構(gòu)過去時第9頁第9頁II.填入動詞適當(dāng)形式1.Fiftymiles______(be)notagreatdistance.2.He_______________(marry)forthreeyears.3.Sofast_____light______(travel)thatitisdifficultforustoimagineitsspeed.4.Alotoftrees___________(must,plant)onthehills.5.What_____theboy_____(do)intheroom?6.Thewomandid________(stay)athomelastSunday.

ishasbeenmarrieddoestravelmustbeplantedisdoingstay第10頁第10頁第三節(jié)賓語賓語表示動作對象,是動作承受者,只有及物動詞才會有賓語.賓語普通放在謂語動詞之后.放在動詞后賓語叫做動詞賓語,而放在介詞之后賓語叫做介詞賓語.作主語成份詞也可做賓語成份,如:名詞,代詞,數(shù)詞,動名詞,不定式等.有一部分動詞能跟雙賓語(直接賓語和間接賓語)人稱代詞做間接賓語;表示物名詞做直接賓語.能跟雙賓語動詞有:give,pass,choose,teach,buy,show,send,bring,cook普通情況是間接賓語在前直接賓語在后,有時,需要直接賓語提前,這時需要在間接賓語之前加上"to"或"for";加“to”加“for”由動詞決定,動詞有“方向”含義用“to”,其余用"for"

第11頁第11頁如:givethebooktome把書給我

passtheknifetoher把刀遞給她

buyanicebookforme給我買本書同源賓語是指一部分動詞后跟上一個與它意義相同賓語,如:live,die,sleep,smiledream,fight,laugh例句:Wearenowlivingahappylife.復(fù)合賓語是指動詞后賓語帶上自己一個補足語.賓語與補足語之間構(gòu)成邏輯上主謂關(guān)系.能跟復(fù)合賓語動詞有:call,make,let,ask,tell,see,hear例句:WecallhimTom.我們管他叫湯姆....(him)TomIsawhimgointotheclassroom.我看到他進了教室.....himgointotheclassroom第12頁第12頁練習(xí)題I.指出下列句中賓語并注意它們形式1.Crusoemadeanotherfenceroundhiscave.2.Hegaveupteachingonlytwoyearsago.3.Shehaslearnedtoplaythepiano.4.Itistimeforsupper.5.Didyouwritedownwhathesaid?6.He'sgoingtoteachusEnglishnextterm.7.Couldyousparemeafewminutes?8.Shesmiledherthanksassheturnedaway.名詞動名詞動詞不定式名詞作介詞賓語名詞性從句代詞作間接賓語名詞作直接賓語代詞作間接賓語名詞作直接賓語名詞作賓語第13頁第13頁II.完畢下列各句1.Iremember__________________(去過那里)2.Pleaseremember___________________(鎖上門)whenyouleavetheroom.3.Ilike___________________(唱流行歌曲)4.Ilike_____________________(唱一首英文歌曲)

thistime.5.Thecomputercan‘thelpsus___________________(處理所有問題)6.Thegirlcouldn'thelp_______(哭)whensheheardthenews.goingtherebeforetolockthedoorsingingpopsongstosinganEnglishsong(to)solveeveryproblemcrying第14頁第14頁III.把下列句中直接賓語提前1.I'llbuyyouanewshirt.2.Showmeyourpassport.3.Dobringmeyourtextbook.4.Pourmeacupoftea.5.Hepaidtheworkersthemoney.I'llbuyanewshirtforyou.ShowyoupassporttomeDobringyourtextbooktomePouracupofteaforme.Hepaidthemoneytotheworkers.第15頁第15頁第四節(jié)表語表語是用來闡明主語身份,特性和狀態(tài),只有系動詞之后才有表語.常見得系動詞有:be,become,appear,look,sound,seem,taste,smell,feel,get,grow,go,come作表語有:名詞,代詞,形容詞和分詞,數(shù)詞,副詞,從句,不定式和動名詞.如:1)Myideaisthatwewaterthevegetablesfirst.(從句)2)Imustbeoffnow.(副詞)3)Theirjobiscollectingstamps.(動名詞)4)Threetimesfiveisfifteen.(數(shù)詞)5)Thematchbecameveryexciting.(現(xiàn)在分詞)6)thechildfeelsmuchbettertoday.(形容詞)第16頁第16頁學(xué)習(xí)掌握表語應(yīng)當(dāng)注意下列三個區(qū)別:1)名詞作表語與形容詞作表語區(qū)別:名詞作表語回答"What問題";而形容詞作表語回答"How問題".比如:Hisfatherisaworker.(Whatishisfather?)Hisfatheristall.(Howishisfather?)2)動名詞作表語與現(xiàn)在分詞作表語區(qū)別:動名詞作表語回答"What問題";而現(xiàn)在分詞作表語回答"How問題"比如:Myjobiscollectingstamps.(Whatisyourjob?)Thebookisinteresting.(Howisthebook?)3)現(xiàn)在分詞作表語與現(xiàn)在進行時區(qū)別:現(xiàn)在分詞作表語表示某物(人)是怎么樣;而現(xiàn)在進行時則表示某人正在做某事.比如:Thefilmismoving.(這部電影很感人.)Thechildrenaremovingthebigtable.(孩子們正挪動那長大桌子.)第17頁第17頁練習(xí)題I.找出下列各句中表語并注意它們形式1.BeijingisthecapitalofChina.2.Thestreetusedtobeverydirty.3.Hiswishwastobecomeanengineer.4.Herjobisraisingpigs.5.Thesituationisencouraging.6.Thedoorremainedlocked.7.Wemustbeoffnow.8.Thatisagainsttheinterestsofthepeople.9.Myideaisthatweshouldsticktoourplan.10.Thequestionishowtorunthemachine.(名詞)(形容詞)(動詞不定式)(動名詞短語)(現(xiàn)在分詞)(過去分詞)(副詞）（介詞短語）(從句）(帶疑問詞不定式）第18頁第18頁II.用所給詞正確形式填空1.Thenewssounds__________(inspire)2.Weare__________(interest)inthestory.3.Myworkis_______(clean)theclassroomtomorrowmorning4.Thepeopleinthecityarevery__________.(happiness)5.Thatishisbook.Theoneonthedeskis_________(my).6.Motherwasveryangrybecauseallthehouseworkremained__________(undo)inspiringinterestedtocleanhappymineundone第19頁第19頁第五節(jié)定語定語是修飾成份,它用來修飾名詞.用作定語有形容詞,代詞，數(shù)詞，名詞,副詞，名詞所有格，分詞，動名詞，不定式，介詞短語和定語從句。形容詞，代詞，數(shù)詞，名詞所有格，單個分詞或動名詞和名詞作定語時放在被修飾詞之前；副詞，各種短語和從句作定語時放在被修飾詞之后.比如：atallbuilding(tall為形容詞）,somebananas(some為代詞）,threescientists(three為數(shù)詞），Betty'sfather(Betty's為名詞所有格）,ateacup（tea為名詞），teachingplan(teaching為動名詞），therunninghorse（running為現(xiàn)在分詞），第20頁第20頁thepeoplethere(there為副詞），somethingtosay(tosay為動詞不定式），thebooksonthedesk（onthedesk為介詞短語）,thepeopleinterestedinthefilm(interestedinthefilm為分詞短語)，theroomwhereIlive(whereIlive為定語從句)掌握定語有兩個值得注意問題：一、動名詞與現(xiàn)在分詞區(qū)別，動名詞作定語能夠理解為...forv-ing,如：aswimmingpool=apoolforswimming;而現(xiàn)在分詞作定語能夠理解為：...thatisv-ing如：aninterestingstory=astorythatisinteresting二、復(fù)合形容詞作定語，如:athree-storey-highbuilding(一幢三層高樓房）復(fù)合形容詞中名詞為單數(shù)，一定要加連字符。又如：aone-mile-wideriver(一條一英里寬河流)第21頁第21頁練習(xí)題I.找出下列各句中定語并注意它們形式1.Ourcountryisagreatcountry.2.Hiswordsmovedeveryonepresent.3.Thishastobepermittedbytheleadingcomrades.4.Heisamanlovedbyall.5.Wemustworkfortheinterestsofthepeople.6.Doyouknowthecomradewhospokejustnow?7.ThetrainwhichhasjustleftisforShanghai.8.Ihavesomethingimportanttotellyou.9.Doyouwantanythingelse?10.Ihaveameetingtoattend.(代詞）(形容詞）(動名詞）(過去分詞短語）(介詞短語）(從句）(從句）（形容詞）(副詞）(動詞不定式）(形容詞）(代詞）第22頁第22頁II.翻譯下列詞組amuchdiscussedtopic2.aman-madesatelite3.achosentopic4.runningwater5.asleepingboy6.athree-year-oldboy7.aone-mile-wideriver8.一本很難讀懂書9.沒有做工作10.將要舉辦會議11.黨員12.服務(wù)中心13.游泳池14.昨天來那個人15.年終熱點題目人造衛(wèi)星選題流動水;正在睡覺孩子三歲孩子一英里寬河abookdifficulttounderstandundoneworkameetingtobeheldaPartymemberaservicecentreaswimmingpoolamanwhocameyesterdaytheendofayear第23頁第23頁第六節(jié)狀語狀語也是修飾成份，它是用來修飾動詞，形容詞或副詞。它闡明動作時間、地點、方式、原因、結(jié)果、條件、程度、伴隨情況等等。因此，狀語分為：時間狀語、地點狀語，方式狀語、原因狀語、結(jié)果狀語，條件狀語、程度狀語、伴隨狀語等。用作狀語有:副詞、介詞短語、分詞或分詞短語、動詞不定式、名詞和從句，例句下列：1.Suddenlyitbegantorain.副詞.2.Accordingtotheplanwemustfinishthework

tomorrow.介詞短語；名詞。3.Hesatthere

smoking.副詞;現(xiàn)在分詞。4.Notknowingwhattodo,hedecidedtoasktheteacherforadvice?，F(xiàn)在分詞短語第24頁第24頁5.TheotherdayIwenttoseeafriendofmineintown.

名詞短語，不定式短語。6.Waitamoment.名詞7.Ifitisfinetomorrow,we‘llgotoplanttrees.從句。8.Givenanotherchance,wewillmakeitbetter.

過去分詞短語狀語位置比較靈活，普通有三個位置：一.放在句尾。如：Wewenttotheparkyesterday.二.放在句首。如：UsuallyIreadthenewspaperinthemorning,butyesterdayIreadthemintheevening.第25頁第25頁三，放在動詞之前，在tobe或積極詞或情態(tài)動詞之后，這類狀語往往是單個副詞。如：often,still,never,also,always,already,usually,even,ever,quite,almost,certainly.Healwayshelpsothers.。Ishallneverforgetthatday.在句中同時有時間狀語和地點狀語時，地點狀語普通放在時間狀語之前。如：Themeetingwillbeheldintheclassroomtomorrowafternoon.會議明天將在教室舉辦。修飾形容詞和副詞狀語普通放在被修飾詞之前。如：Itisrainingvery/rather/quitehard.Itisrainingsohardthat…/toohardforustogo.enough修飾形容詞或副詞時，應(yīng)放在形容詞或副詞之后。如：Areyouwarmenough?第26頁第26頁練習(xí)題I.找出下列各句中狀語并指出屬于哪類狀語1.Thevisitorswerewarmlywelcomedbythestudents.2.Hedidhisexperimentcarefullyinthelabyesterday.3.Theydideverythingtheycouldtosavetheworker'slife.

4.Beingblind,howcouldtheysee?5.Greatlyinspiredbytheteacher'swords,IhavemadeupmymindtoworkatEnglishevenharder.6.Thebookisverypopularamongyoungpeople.方式地點時間目原因程度原因范圍方式第27頁第27頁7.Heenteredthedarkroom,guninhand.8.IdoitbecauseIlikeit.9.WemustdoasthePartytellsus.10.Thisroomislargerthanthatone.11.Consideringherage,wemustsaysheisdoingwell.12.Inspiteofthat,Iwouldliketogotheremyself.13.Theboylaydownafterhehadalongwalk.14.Happyandgay,thegirlrushedintotheroom.

伴隨原因方式條件讓步比較伴隨時間第28頁第28頁II.用所給詞正確形式填空1."We'vewonthegame!"shoutedthestudents________.(excited)2.Itisa________goodplacetovisit.(pretty)3.We_______cometoseehim.(usual)4.Aswedidn'tknowtheway,westopped_______theway.(ask)5._______inthecountry,Iusedtocarrywaterforanoldman.(live)6.________inafamouscollege,Tomisadmiredbyhisformerclassmates.(educate)7.Hereturnedhome_______and_____.(proud,joy)8.Theycrowdedaround,_______todosomethingtohelp.(eager)excitedlyprettyusuallytoaskLivingEducatedproudjoyfuleager第29頁第29頁第七節(jié)補足語補足語是用來對賓語進行補充闡明成份。補足語分為主語補足語和賓語補足語，當(dāng)謂語動詞變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時賓語補足語就成了主語補足語了。比如：Heaskedmetoopenthebook.(賓語補足語)Iwasaskedtoopenthebook.(主語補足語)應(yīng)當(dāng)注意是：賓語與補足語之間關(guān)系是邏輯主謂關(guān)系，這是判斷補足語主要辦法。Theymadehimdothework.(him與do是主謂關(guān)系，him是do執(zhí)行者）。作補足語有：形容詞、名詞、副詞、不定式、現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞等。第30頁第30頁

比如：1.Ifoundtheclassroomempty.2.Weelectedhimmonitor.3.Pleasecallthestudentsbackatonce.4.Wetoldhimtocomehereearly.5.Ifoundhimlyinginbed.6.Ihearditspokenofinthenextroom.

(形容詞）(名詞）(副詞）(動詞不定式）(現(xiàn)在分詞）(過去分詞）第31頁第31頁不定式作補足語有時可省不定式符號，這種情況取決于謂語動詞，這樣謂語動詞有：make,let,have,hear,see,watch,feel,observe,notice比如:Hemademeworkallday.他迫使我整天干活。并不是所有動詞都能跟現(xiàn)在分詞作補足語。能跟現(xiàn)在分詞作補足語動詞有：have,see,watch,feel,hear,notice,observe,keep,find比如:Theoldwomanhadthelightsburningallnightlong.老婦人讓燈點了一整夜注意第32頁第32頁練習(xí)題I.指出下列句中補足語并注意改變形式1.Atthemeetingwemadehimmonitor.2.WhatyousaidmadeXiaoWangangry.3.Weheardhimsinginginthehall.4.Ifoundtheclassroomempty.5.Pleaseletthestudentinatonce.6.Ican'thaveyousayso.7.Heisaskedtosingusasong.8.YesterdayIhadmyhaircut.名詞形容詞現(xiàn)在分詞短語形容詞副詞不帶to不定式帶to不定式過去分詞第33頁第33頁II.用所給詞適當(dāng)形式填空Robertissaid_____________(study)abroad,butIdon'tknowwhatcountryhestudiedin.2.Isawtheman_______(knock)downandthedriver_____(drive)away.3.Whodidtheteacherhave______(write)anarticleforthewallnewspaper.4.Happinessliesinmakingothers_______(happiness)5.HowcanIstophim_______(ask)suchsillyquestions?tobestudyingknockeddrivewritehappyasking第34頁第34頁III.完畢下列各句1.Haveyougotthesupper_________(準(zhǔn)備)?2.Let‘spaintthedoor_______(黑色).3.Wemustkeeptheroom________(整潔).4.Ifounditdifficultto______________(學(xué)數(shù)學(xué)).5.Ithinkitdutyto________________(為人民服務(wù)).6.Allthishasmadeitpossibleforus____________________(完畢按時工作).readyblacktidytostudymathsservethepeopletofinishtheworkontime第35頁第35頁綜合練習(xí)題I.指出下列句子劃線部分句子成份1.Aforeignlanguageisaweaponinthestruggleoflife.2.Whetherwe'llgodependsontheweather.3.People'sstandardsoflivingaregoingupsteadily.4.HeiscalledLittleTiger.5.Themassesarethe