2023年閱讀理解針對性專項模擬題十四

閱讀理解針對性專項模擬題（十四）

一、閱讀理解

1、ThetwoeconomistscalltheirpaperMentalRetirement,andtheirfindingshavearousedtheinterestofbehavioralresearchers.DatafromtheUnitedStatesand12Europeancountriessuggestthattheearlierpeopleretire,themorequicklytheirmemoriesdecline.

Theimplication,theeconomistsandotherssay,isthattherereallyseemstobesomethingtotheuseitorloseitnotion—ifpeoplewanttopreservetheirmemoriesandreasoningabilities,theymayhavetokeepactive.

It’sincrediblyinterestingandexciting,saidLauraCarstensen,directoroftheCenteronLongevityatStanfordUniversityinCalifornia.Itsuggeststhatworkactuallyprovidesanimportantcomponentoftheenvironmentthatkeepspeoplefunctioningoptimally.

Researchersrepeatedlyfindthatretiredpeopletendtodolesswelloncognitiveteststhanpeoplewhoarestillworking.But,theynote,thatcouldbebecausepeoplewhosememoriesandthinkingskillsaredecliningmaybemorelikelytoretirethanpeoplewhosecognitiveskillsremainsharp.

andresearchhasfailedtosupportthepremisethatmasteringactivitieslikememoryexercises,crosswordpuzzlesandSudokuimproveoverallfunctioning.

Ifyoudocrosswordpuzzles,yougetbetteratcrosswordpuzzles,saidLisaBerkman,directoroftheCenterforPopulationandDevelopmentStudiesatHarvardUniversity.IfyoudoSudoku,yougetbetteratSudoku.Yougetbetteratonenarrowtask.Butyoudon’tgetbetteratcognitivebehaviorinlife.

Thestudywaspossible,explainsoneofitsauthors,RobertWillis,aprofessorofeconomicsattheUniversityofMichigan,becausetheNationalInstituteonAgingbeganalargestudyintheUnitedStatesnearly20yearsago.CalledtheHealthandRetirementStudy,itsurveysmorethan22,000Americansoverage50everytwoyears,andadministersmemorytests

Accordingtothepaperofthetwoeconomists,retiredpeople_____（）

A．havearousedtheinterestofbehaviorresearchers

B．growmoreforgetfulthanworkingpeople

C．nolongerhaveafunctioningmind

D．canhaveasgoodcognitiveskillsaspeopleatwork

2、InLauraCarstensen’sopinion,whatistherelationshipbetweenworkandmentalfunction（）

A．Workhasnothingtodowithpeople’smentalfunction

B．Workcanprovideanenvironmenttokeepthementalfunctionwell

C．Workcanmakepeopletiredanddecreasethementalfunction

D．People’smentalfunctionhasnoinfluenceonpeople’swork

3、LisaBerkmanclaimedthatcrosswordpuzzlesandsomegamescould_____（）

A．notimproveman’soverallfunctioning

B．makepeoplegoodatonenarrowtask

C．helpimproveman’scognitiveskills

D．helppeoplelivelongerandslowdownaging

4、WhatcanwelearnabouttheHealthandRetirementStudy（）

A．IthasbeencarriedoutbytheNationalInstituteonAgingforabout20years

B．ThestudysurveystheAmericansofallages

C．Thetwoeconomistshavedoneenoughresearchinthisfield

D．Thetwoeconomistsadministermemoryteststomanyoldpeopleeverytwoyears

5、Accordingtothepassage,whatdoesMentalRetirementmean（）

A．Peoplewanttoretireatanearlyage

B．Peoplehavetoretireearlierthanthey’veexpected

C．People’smentalfunctionsdeclinewhiletheyarestillworking

D．People’smemoriesandreasoningabilitiesdeclineiftheyarenotworking

6、Charlene,16yearoldstudentatahighschool,foundherselffacedwithamathstesttowhichsheknewnoneoftheanswers.Ratherthanfail,shetookthetestoutwithherandfilledintheanswerswiththehelpofherfriends.Duringabreak,shegotbackintotheclassroomwithoutbeingseen,crumpled（揉皺）thetestwithhershoe,andleftitlyingonthefloor.Theteacherthoughtithadbeendroppedwhenthetestswerecollected;shecorrectedit,andCharlenereceivedaB.

Cheatingis,ofcourse,nothingnew.Buttoday,educatorsarefindingthatcheatingonthepartofstudentshasbecomemorefrequentthaninthepast.Whetheritiscopyingafriend’shomework,usingapreparedsheetonanexam,stealingadvancecopiesofafinal,writingdownrulesinone’shand,orpayingsomeoneelsetowriteatermpaper,cheatingappearstohavegainedacceptanceamongagrowingnumberofstudentsbetween13and19.

Ina1978studyofcheatingattwenty-twohighschoolsinGeorgia,itwasfoundthatcheatingwascommonamonggoodandpoorstudentsalike—althoughbothboysandgirlssaidtheythoughtboyscheatedmore.

Whyisstudentontherise?Noonereallyknows.Someblamecheatingonagenerallossofgoodvaluesamongtoday’syouth.Theypointtofactsshowingincreaseddamageofpublicthingsandschoolstealingandthinkthatreports,suchasWatergate（水門大事）,havedisappointedyouthaboutthehonestyofpeopleinhigherposition.

Othersthinkthattoday’syoutharefarmorepracticalthantheirforefathers（先輩）.Inthelatesixtiesandearlyseventies,studentswerefilledwithimaginationsaboutchangingtheworld,buttoday’sstudentsfeelgreatstresstosucceed

AccordingtoParagraph1,Charlenetookthetestoutbecause（）

A．herfriendscouldanswernoneoftheproblems

B．shetorethetestpapertopieces

C．shesteppedhershoesonthetestpaper

D．shedidnotwanttofailinthemathstest

7、Charlenepassedthetestbecause（）

A．sheansweredallthequestionsbyherself

B．shedidthetestbycheating

C．shepersuadedherteachertogiveheraB

D．shereturnedtotheclassroomtoredothetest

8、Whichofthefollowingisnotanexampletoshowthatcheatingisbecomingmoreandmorecommon（）

A．Astudentpaysanotherfordoingatestpaper

B．Astudentwritesdownsomethingtobetestedbeforeanexam

C．Astudentgetswellpreparedinhisstudiesbeforeanexam

D．Astudentgetshomeworkfromhisclassmateandthencopiesit

9、The1978studyofcheatinginGeorgiashowsthat（）

A．onlystudentsinthe24highschoolscheatedinexaminations

B．bothgoodandpoorstudentscheatedinexaminations

C．moregirlscheatedinexaminationsthanboysdid

D．boyslikecheatingwhilegirlsdidnotlikeit

10、Oneofthefactsfortheriseofcheatingisthat（）

A．moreandmorepublicthingsaredamaged

B．goodvaluesdisappointstudents

C．moreandmorestudentsbegintosteal

D．honestpeopleareinhigherpositions

11、Anthropology（人類學）isthestudyofhowpeoplelive.Itincludestheirfamilylife,religion,art,lawsandlanguage.ThetermanthropologycomesfromtwoGreekwords:anthroposmeanshumanbeingandlogymeansthescienceof.Anthropologycanbedividedintotwoareas.Thesetwomaindivisionsareculturalanthropologyandphysicalanthropology.Cultureincludesmanythings,suchasart,religion,laws,andevenfurnitureandmovies.

Anthropologistsdefinehumanprogressinthreemainsteps.Steponebeginswiththefirsthumanbeingandcontinuesuntilthelastofthepeoplewhohuntedanimalsjusttosurvive.Steptwoincludespeoplewhogrewfood.Inthisstep,therewasprogressininventionandreligion.Stepthreedealswiththefirstcivilizations,suchasthoseinEgyptandpartsofAsia.

Anthropologistsalwaysseeknewinformationaboutpeople.Forinstance,recentevidencefoundinEthiopiaandKenyashowshumansearlierinhistorythanitwaspreviouslybelieved

Accordingtothepassage,anthropologyisthestudyof_____（）

A．familylife,religionandart

B．thedifferencesbetweenscienceandarts

C．humanbeings

D．differentcultures

12、Whichofthefollowingbelongstothesecondstepofhumanprogress（）

A．Progresswasmadeinreligionandinvention

B．Humanshuntedanimalsjusttosurvive

C．Thefirstcivilizationcameintobeing

D．Peoplestartedtolearnscienceandarts

13、WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUE（）

A．Furnitureandmoviesbelongtophysicalanthropology

B．Anthropologistsarestilltryingtogetnewfindingsaboutpeople

C．ThestudyofhumanbeingsbeganinEgyptandpartsofAsia

D．ThefirstcivilizationappearedonlyinEgyptandpartsofAsia

14、Accordingtothepassage,whathaveanthropologistsrecentlyfound（）

A．Thereareculturalanthropologyandphysicalanthropology

B．Therearethreestepsintheprogressofhumanbeings

C．ThereweremorecivilizationsinEgyptthaninpartsofAsia

D．Thereisalongerhistoryofhumanbeingsthanitwasthoughtbefore

15、Whichcouldbethebesttitleforthepassage（）

A．Anthropology

B．TheProgressofHumanBeings

C．TheCivilizations

D．TheStudyofAnthropologists

16、Everytimeapersoneatssomethinghemakesanutritionaldecision.Heacceptsorrejectsthefoodavailabletohimathomeformealsorsnacks.orheselectsfoodforhimselfatmanyplacesinthecommunity，suchassupermarkets，drive-ins，restaurants，andfoodcountersindrugstores.（83）Theseselectionsmakeadifferenceinhowanindividuallooks，howhefeels，andhowwellhecanworkandplay.

Whenagoodassortmentoffoodinappropriateamountsisselectedandeaten，theconsequencesaremorelikelytobeadesirablelevelofhealthandenoughenergytoallowonetobeasactiveasheneedsandwantstobe.Whenchoicesarelessthandesirable，theconsequencesarelikelytobepoorhealthorlimitedenergyorboth.

StudiesofdietsofindividualsintheUnitedStatesshowthatfoodselectionisahighlyindividualmatter，evenamongyoungchildren.（84）Furthermore，fartoomanyindividualsofallagesaremakingpoorchoicesdayafterdayandareeithernowlivingwiththeconsequencesorwillbeinthefuture.

Nutritionistsandworkersinalliedprofessionshavebeenconcernedabouthelpingpeoplelearntoselectandenjoyawidevarietyoffoodcombinationsthatcanadduptoagooddiet.

Mostpeoplebelievethattheyarewell-fed—thatthechoicestheymakearegoodones.Afterall，theyarenotreallysick；neitheraretheyhungry.However，theirnutritionisreallypoorinonerespectoranother.Milkandmilkproducts，suchascheese，icecream，buttermilk，andyogurt，areoftenneglected.Thenpeoplemayleaveoutintheirdietsmanyfruitsandvegetables，particularlythosethataregoodsourcesofvitaminsAand.

Theseincludedar