《美國文學史》各章節(jié)知識點指南

《美國文學史》各章節(jié)知識點指南時間：2011年2月使用教材：《美國文學史》（第二版）常耀信著Chapter1ColonialAmerica★1607Jamestown,Virginia：thefirstpermanentEnglishsettlementinAmerica★1620Plymouth,Massachusetts:thesecondpermanentEnglishsettlementinAmerica★CaptainJohnSmith:thefirstAmericanwriterwritinginEnglish★AnneBradstreet:thefirstAmericanwomanpoetMajorwork:TheTenthMuseLatelySprungupinAmerica(1650)Contemplations(9)onP.17（熟悉這首詩歌）ToMyDearandLovingHusband《致我親愛的丈夫》★PhilisWheatley:thefirstblackwomanpoetinAmericanliterature★EdwardTaylor:themostfamouspoetinthecolonialperiodHuswiferyonP.19（熟悉這首詩歌）★RogerWilliams:TheBloodyTenetofPersecutionfortheCauseofConscience(1644)TranslatedtheBibleintotheIndiantongue★JohnWinthrop:“ModelofChristianCharity”（〈基督慈善之典范〉）TheHistoryofNewEngland(twovolumes,1825,1826)(〈新英格蘭史〉)1630---1649indiary★ThomasPaine:CommonSense,TheAmericanCrisis,TheRightsofMan,TheAgeofReason★PhilipFreneau:PoetoftheAmericanRevolutionTheWildHoneysuckle,TheIndianBuryingGround,TheDyingIndian:TomoChequi★CharlesBrockdenBrown:thefirstimportantAmericannovelistWieland,EdgarHuntly,Ormond,AurthurMervynChapter2Edwards,Franklin,Crevecoeurthe18thcentury:AgeofReasonandEnlightenmentJonathanEdwards:America’sfirstsystematicphilosopherTheFreedomoftheWill,SinnersintheHandsofanAngryGodBenjaminFranklin:TheAutobiographyofBenjaminFranklin,PoorRichard’sAlmanac熟悉37頁的引文HectorSt.JohndeCrevecoeur:LettersfromanAmericanFarmerChapter3AmericanRomanticism,Irving,CooperWashingtonIrving:thefirstAmericanwritertowininternationalacclaimTheSketchBook:RipVanWinkle,TheLegendofSleepyHollowJamesFenimoreCooper:LeatherstockingTales(五個故事的題目)NattyBumpo(人物形象)Chapter4NewEnglandTranscendentalism,Emerson,ThoreauRalphWaldoEmerson:Nature(theBibleandmanifestoofNewEnglandTranscendentalism)TheAmericanScholar(America’sDeclarationofIntellectualIndependence)HenryDavidThoreau:Walden,orLifeintheWoodsChapter5Hawthorne,MelvilleNathanielHawthorne:TheScarletLetter,Twice-ToldTales,TheHouseoftheSevenGables,TheBlithedaleRomance,TheMarbleFaun,YoungGoodmanBrownHermanMelville:MobyDick,Omoo,Mardi,Redburn,WhiteJacket,PierreChapter6Whitman,DickinsonWaltWhitman:LeavesofGrass;freeverse;SongofMyselfEmilyDickinson:Ofthe1775poems,only7poemswerepublishedinherlifetime.熟悉教材中98至102頁所選的詩歌Chapter7EdgarAllanPoe★EdgarAllanPoe:TheFalloftheHouseofUsher,ThePhilosophyofComposition,ThePoeticPrinciple,TheRaven，ToHelen熟悉教材中107頁所選的TheRaven中的部分詩行Chapter8TheAgeofRealism,Howells,JamesWilliamDeanHowells:TheRiseofSilasLapham,CriticismandFictionHenryJames:importantwritingslistedonP.125theinternationalthemeChapter9LocalColorism,MarkTwainHamlinGarland:CrumblingIdols,Veritism(真實主義)BretHarte:TheLuckofRoaringCampMarkTwain:主要作品,vernacularliterature,colloquialstyleHarrietBeecherStowe斯托夫人&herUncleTom’sCabin《湯姆叔叔的小屋》LouisaMayAlcott路易莎·梅·奧爾科特&herLittleWomen《小婦人》KateChopin凱特·肖班&herTheAwakening《覺醒》Chapter10AmericanNaturalism,Crane,Norris,Dreiser,RobinsonStephenCrane:Maggie:AGirloftheStreets(thefirstnaturalisticnovelinAmericanliterature),TheRedBadgeofCourage(thefirstanti-warnovelinAmericanliterature),Famousshortstories:TheOpenBoat,TheBrideComestotheYellowSkyFrankNorris:TheOctopus,McTeagueTheodoreDreiser:SisterCarrie,JennieGerhardt,theDesireTrilogy,TheGeniusEdwinArlingtonRobinson:RichardCoryJackLondon:TheCalloftheWild,WhiteFang,TheSeaWolf,MartinEdenO.Henry(WilliamSidneyPorter):famousforhisshortstoriessuchasTheGiftoftheMagiUptonSinclair:TheJungle,theMuckrakingMovementChapter11The1920s,Imagism,PoundThefirstAmericanRenaissance:thefirsthalfofthe19thcenturyThesecondRenaissance:the1920sThethreeprinciplesoftheImagistPoetry熟悉四首意象派詩歌：InaStationoftheMetro,Oread,TheRedWheelbarrow,Fog,并會分析其中的第一和第四首EzraPound:TheCantos,HughSelwynMauberleyChapter12T.S.Eliot,Stevens,WilliamsT.S.Eliot:TheWasteLand（五個部分的題目）,TheLoveSongofJ.AlfredPrufrock其他主要作品founderofNewCriticism:depersonalization,objectivecorrelativeWilliamCarlosWilliams:PatersonChapter13Frost,Sandburg,Cummings,HartCrane,Moore★RobertFrost:NewEnglandpoet,lyricalpoet,theunofficialpoetlaureate,wonthePulitzerPrizefourtimesTheRoadNotTaken(熟悉此詩),StoppingbyWoodsonaSnowyEvening,MendingWall,Apple-picking<<摘蘋果>>CarlSandburg:Fog,TheHarbor(twofamousImagistpoems)E.E.Cummings:themostinterestingexperimentalistinmodernAmericanpoetryHartCrane:TheBridgeChapter14Fitzgerald,Hemingway★F.ScottFitzgerald:thespokesmanoftheJazzAgeTheGreatGatsbyErnestHemingway:Hemingwayherowith“graceunderpressure”,theicebergprinciple“Ialwaystrytowriteontheprincipleoftheiceberg.Thereisseven-eightsofitunderwaterforeverypartthatshows.Anythingyouknowyoucaneliminateanditonlystrengthensyouriceberg.Itisthepartthatdoesn’tshow.”冰山運動之雄偉壯觀，是因為它只有八分之一在水面上。水底的部分占整座冰山的八分之七。主要作品TheOldManandtheSeawonhimthe1954NobelPrizeforliterature.Chapter15TheSouthernRenaissance,WilliamFaulknerWilliamFaulkner:YoknapatawphaCounty(hisfictionalkingdom)主要作品（見教材）Chapter16Anderson,Stein,Lewis,Cather,WolfeSherwoodAnderson:Winesburg,Ohio,colloquialstyleGertrudeStein:TheAutobiographyofAliceB.Toklas,ThreeLives“Youareallalostgeneration.”(ToHemingway)SinclairLewis:thefirstAmericanauthortowintheNobelPrizeforliterature(in1930)MainStreet,BabbitWillaCather:MyAntoniaThomasWolfe:LookHomeward,AngelChapter17The1930s,DosPassos,SteinbeckJohnDosPassos:U.S.A.JohnSteinbeck:TheGrapesofWrath(Joadfamily);NobelPrizeforliteraturein1962andPulitzerPrizewinnerforfictionChapter18Porter,Welty,McCullers,West,TheNewCriticismKatherineAnnePorter:TheFloweringJudas,TheJiltingofGrannyWeatherallEudoraWelty:DeathofaTravelingSalesmanCarsonMcCullers:TheHeartIsaLonelyHunter,TheBalladoftheSadCaféNathanaelWest:MissLonelyheartsChapter19AmericanDrama★EugeneO’Neill:America’sgreatestplaywrightsofar,PulitzerPrizewinnerfourtimes,NobelPrizeWinnerin1936,美國戲劇之父TheEmperorJones,TheHairyApe★SusanGlaspell:motherofAmericandramaTriflesTennesseeWilliams田納西·威廉姆斯：P.301在美國戲劇史上地位僅次于EugeneO’NeilTheGlassMenagerie《玻璃動物園》TheStreetcarNamedDesireArthurMiller亞瑟·米勒：P.305DeathofaSalesman《推銷員之死》EdwardAlbee愛德華·阿爾比：P.313Who’sAfraidofVirginiaWoolf?《誰害怕弗吉尼亞·伍爾夫》TheTheateroftheAbsurd荒誕派戲?。篜.313Chapter20PostwarPoetry,Poetsofthe1940sGenerationPostmodernism后現(xiàn)代主義：P.320ElizabethBishop畢曉普：P.327后現(xiàn)代主義時期傳統(tǒng)型女性詩人Chapter21TheConfessionalSchool,TheBeatGenerationTheConfessionalSchool自白派詩歌:P.356Threerepresentatives:RobertLowell&hisLifeStudies《人生探索》P.357SylviaPlath西爾維婭·普拉斯&herpoemDaddy《老爸》，TheBellJar《鐘形罩/瓶中美人》（自傳體小說，美國青少年的必讀書）P.364AnneSexton安妮·塞克斯頓TheBeatGeneration垮掉的一代：P.373Threerepresentatives:AllenGinsberg愛倫·金斯堡(垮掉一代的奠基者)&hisHowl《嚎叫》（垮掉一代的宣言書）P.374&P.P.376-83.JackKerouac杰克·凱魯阿克&hisOntheRoad《在路上》P.374WilliamBurroughs威廉·巴羅斯&hisNakedLunch《裸體午餐》P.374Chapter22TheNewYorkSchool,MeditativePoetry,TheBlackMountainPoetsNewYorkSchool紐約派（后現(xiàn)代主義時期的一個詩歌流派）:P.393Representative:FrankO’Hara弗蘭克·歐哈拉&hisLunchPoems《午餐詩》P.394TheBlackMountainPoets黑山派詩人（此詩歌流派的名稱來源于北卡羅來納Asheville的黑山學院，流派內(nèi)的詩人多為該學院的教師）P.408Representative:CharlesOlson查爾斯·奧爾遜P.409Chapter23PostwarAmericanNovel(I)(傳統(tǒng)型小說)美國猶太文學P.P.429-48Representatives：SaulBellow索爾·貝婁(1915–2005)PP.429-361976NobelPrizewinner(P.430)Bestwork:Herzog《赫索格》NormanMailer諾爾曼·梅勒（1923–2007）P.P.436-41Bestwork:TheNakedandtheDead《裸者與死者》（反戰(zhàn)小說）J.D.SalingerJ.D.塞林格（1919-1-1–2010-1-27）P.P.441-44Bestwork:TheCatcherintheRye《麥田里的守望者》（美國青少年的必讀書）BernardMalamud伯納德·馬拉默德P.P.444-48Bestwork:TheAssistant《店員/伙計》PhilipRoth菲利普·羅斯Bestwork:Goodbye,Columbus《再見吧，哥倫布》JohnUpdike(1932–2009)約翰·厄普代克P.P.448-52Bestwork:Rabbitpentalogy《兔子》五部曲P.448南方文學：P.P.454-63Representatives:FlanneryO’Connor弗萊娜莉·奧康納P.P.454-58Bestwork:AGoodmanIsHardtoFind《好人難尋》WilliamStyron威廉·斯泰倫（1925–2006）P.P.458-62Bestwork:Sophie’sChoice《蘇菲的選擇》女性文學：JoyceCarolOates喬伊斯·卡洛爾·奧茨P.P.465-68Bestwork:Them《他們》Chapter24PostwarAmericanNovel(II)（新型小說）★荒誕派/黑色幽默小說BlackHumor/novelsoftheabsurdP.474Representative:JosephHeller約瑟夫·海勒P.P.476-481Bestwork:Catch-22《第二十二條軍規(guī)》（Catch-22已成為詞典中的一個詞條，意為“不合情理的處境，叫人左右為難的情況，難以逾越的障礙”）KurtVonnegut庫特·馮尼格特（1922–2007）P.P.481-487Bestwork:Slaughterhouse-Five《第五號屠場》（自傳性作品）KenKesey肯·凱西（1935–2001）P.P.487-491Bestwork:OneFlewOvertheCuckoo’sNest《飛越杜鵑巢》前衛(wèi)小說avant-gardenovelRepresentative:ThomasPynchon托馬斯·品欽P.P.501-7Bestwork:V,Gravity’sRainbow《萬有引力之虹》VladimirNabokov弗拉基米爾·納博科夫P.P.514–9二十世紀公認的杰出小說家和文體家，出生于俄國，后入美國國籍。與英國籍的波蘭裔作家JosephConrad相媲美。兩位都用精美的英文書寫了對生活的觀察和感悟。Bestwork:Lolita《洛麗塔》（曾一度被視為禁書）Chapter25MultiethnicLiterature(I)少數(shù)族裔文學：AfricanAmericanLiterature美國黑人文學★美國黑人文學的發(fā)展軌跡P.P.520-7★黑人文學的繁榮期：HarlemRenaissance哈萊姆文學繁榮（blues音樂得到了彰顯）最主要的代表人物：LangstonHughes蘭斯頓·休斯P.P.527-530美國黑人文學的桂冠詩人主要作品：TheNegroSpeaksofRivers《黑人談河流》TheWearyBlues《傷心的布魯斯》黑人小說的發(fā)展：RichardWright理查德·萊特（1908—1960）P.P.530-2代表作品：NativeSon《土生子》RalphEllison拉爾夫·埃里森（1913–1994）P.P.532-5代表作品：InvisibleMan《看不見的人》（社會抗議小說）JamesBaldwin詹姆斯·鮑德溫P.P.536-40代表作品：GoTellItontheMountain《向蒼天呼吁》ToniMorrison托尼·莫里森

P.P.541-51993NobelPrize