2021年上海各區(qū)高三英語(yǔ)一模卷匯編-完形填空教師版

#2021年上海各區(qū)高三英語(yǔ)一模卷匯編——完形填空Directions:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.One【寶山一?！緼studyfromSwitzerland'sUniversitedeGeneve(UNIGE)lookedtoanswerthequestionofwhichcamefirst:adecreaseinphysicalactivityorcognitive(認(rèn)知的)decline?“Interrelationshipshavebeen(41)betweenthesetwofactors,particularlyintermsofmemorybutalsoregardingthegrowthandsurvivalofnewneurons(神經(jīng)元).”saidBorisCheval,aresearcheratUNIGE’SSwissCentreforAffectiveSciences(CISA)inapressrelease.“Butwehaveneveryet(42)testedwhichcomesfirst:Doesphysicalactivitypreventadeclineincognitiveskillsor(43)?That'swhatwewantedto(44).”Earlierstudieshaveconsideredthatphysicalactivity(45)cognitivedecline.ButaccordingtoCheval,recentstudiesmay(46)thatpastresearchhas“onlytoldhalfthestory…sincethoserecentstudiesdemonstratethatourbrainis(47)whenitcomestoengaginginphysicalactivity.”ResearchersatUNIGEtestedthetwopossible(48)byusingdatafromtheSurveyofHealth,AgingandRetirementinEurope,asocioeconomicdatabasecoveringmorethan25countriesacrossthecontinent.Overthecourseof12years,105,206adults(49)inagefrom50togoweretestedeverytwoyearsontheircognitiveabilitiesandtheirphysicalactivity.Researchers(50)cognitiveabilitieswithaverbalfluencytestthatsawparticipantsnameasmanyanimalsastheycouldin60seconds.Theyalsotestedcognitiveabilitieswitha(51)testwheretheymemorized10wordsbeforerecitingthem.Physicalactivitywasmeasuredusingascalefrom1to4.A1indicatedparticipants“never”(52) physicalactivitywhilea4meanttheywerephysically(53)"morethanonceaweek”.Thestudyfoundthatthe(54)ofwhatpaststudiesconcludedwastrue—cognitiveabilitiesmostlyinfluencephysicalactivity,nottheotherwayaround.“Thisstudybacksupourtheorythatthebrainhastomakearealefforttogetoutofasittinglifestyleandthatby(55)cognitivecapabilities,physicalactivitywillfollow,”Chevalsaid.41.A.neglectedB.preventedC.confusedD.established42.A.formallyB.separatelyC.individuallyD.casually43.A.attimesB.viceversaC.bychanceD.inpart44.A.releaseB.admitC.confirmD.oppose45.A.preventsB.encouragesC.influencesD.reduces46.A.misleadB.contradictC.ignoreD.indicate47.A.abandonedB.involvedC.entertainedD.processed48.A.factorsB.elementsC.optionsD.subjects49.A.rangingB.judgingC.expandingD.varying50.A.balancedB.restrictedC.surveyedD.measured51.A.observationB.reflectionC.memoryD.imitation52.A.concernedaboutB.engagedinC.stoodforD.gaveup53.A.motionlessB.casualC.activeD.passive54.A.consequenceB.similarityC.differenceD.opposite55.A.workingonB.reflectingoverC.crossingoutD.puttingoffTwo【黃浦一?！縏ravelling,atleasttravellinganyconsiderabledistance,meansdealingwithairports.I’veseenmyshareofairports.Theycomeinseveral41.ThesmallestIhavebeenthroughwasintheAfricantownofHoedspruitwherethemainwaitingareawassmallerthanmanyschoolclassrooms,securityandticketcheckingwereboth42byonepersonwhowasalsocontrollingthegateontotheairfieldandyouhadtowalkouttotheplaneandclimbthestairstogetin.ItwasevensmallerthanCanada’sMonctonairportwherethepersontakingtheticketswasalsooneofthetwo43onourflight.Attheotherextremearethe44-modernairportsintheworld'smajorcities.LAX,inLosAngeleshastwoparallelrunwaysandprovidestheunusualopportunitytowatchoutthewindowofyourlandingaircraftasanotheronelandsrightbesideyou.Some,suchasBeijing’sCapitalInternationalAirport,SeaTacinSeattleandtheInternationalAirportinSanFrancisco,likethoseinHongKongandShanghai,have45terminalsconnectedbydifferentbusesorundergroundtrains.Findingaconnectingflightoftenmeanschangingterminals,whichcanbealittle46.HeathrowairportinLondon,England,47thatbiggerisnotalwaysbetter.Heathrowconsistsofterminalsusedbyvarious48andiscenteredaroundanareathatcontainsstoresandrestaurants.AtHeathrowthetiredtravellergetsthe49thattheywantyoutospendyourtimeinthestoresbecausetheywon’tannouncethegatefromwhichyourflightwillleaveuntilaboutanhourbeforeflighttime.Giventhattheystarttogetpeopleontotheplaneshalfanhourbeforetakeoffthatleavesjust30minutestofindand50yourgate,someofwhicharea25-minutewalkfromthestorearea.Thereisabsolutelyno51forthisbecausetheairportauthoritiesknowevenbeforethedaybeginshowmanyflightsarearrivinganddepartingandwheretheyplantoputthem.IfIhavejustcomeoffonelongflightandI'mwaitingforanother,whatIwantisaquietplace,notanarea52brightlightsandnoisyshoppers.Travel,forme,isinterestingbutwhenIhavetofly,gettingthereis53nothalfthefun.Airplanesareaveryefficientwaytomovepeoplelongdistancesandairportsarea(n)54partoftheprocess.Mostairportsdotheirbesttoprovideagoodtravellingexperiencebuttheyaretobe55,notreallyenjoyed.41.A.typesB.citiesC.areasD.sizes42.A.identifiedB.handledC.promotedD.processed43.A.guardsB.astronautsC.pilotsD.passengers44.A.tremendousB.crowdedC.internationalD.fashionable45.A.flexibleB.multipleC.availableD.irregular46.A.excitingB.astonishingC.confusingDencouraging47.A.regulatesB.emphasizesC.encountersD.demonstrates48.A.functionsB.departmentsC.airlinesD.authorities49.A.recreationB.presentationC.announcementD.impression50.A.lookforB.gettoC.meetatD.checkout51.A.exceptionB.doubtC.apologyD.excuse52.A.filledwithB.dominatedbyC.decoratedwithD.recognizedby53.A.increasinglyB.permanentlyC.attentivelyD.definitely54.A.effectiveB.optionalC.necessaryD.suitable55.A.simplifiedB.enduredC.declaredD.paralleledThree【崇明一模】IntheUnitedStates,therehavebeennodeathsfromcommercialairlineaccidentssince2013.Infact,fordecades,therehasbeenageneral41trendinthenumberofaccidentsperdeparture.Complexsystemsaremorelikelytosufferfromfailures,butcommercialaviation(航空)seemstobea(n)42.Sincethe1960s,U.S.commercialaviationhasbecomesignificantlymorecomplex,andyet,flyinghasbecomesafer.Whatliesbehindthisremarkabletrendisahandfulofsmartapproachesto43.Herearetwoofthem.Teachpeopletospeakup—andtolistenAcommonerrorduringairplaneaccidentsusedtobethe44offirstofficerstoquestionthecaptain’spoordecisions.Whenthecaptainwasflyingtheairplane,hewashardtochallenge,andhismistakeswent45.Allthisbegantochangeinthelate1970swithatrainingprogramknownasCrewResourceManagement(CRM).Theprogramrevolutionizedthe46notjustofthecockpit(機(jī)艙)butalsoofthewholeindustry.Itreframedsafetyasa47issueandputallcrewmembersonmoreequalfooting.Itwasnolonger48toquestionthedecisionsofasuperior;itwasrequired.AndCRMtaughtcrewmembersthelanguageofdisagreement.Thelessonisn'tsimplythatpeoplelowerdowninthe49shouldspeakupandhigher-upsshouldlisten.WhatCRMhasshownisthatpeoplecanbetaughttospeakupandtolisten.Theabilitytoexpressandembrace50isn'thardwiredinourpersonalityorculturalbackground;it'saskillwecanlearn.LearnfromsmallfailuresandclosecallsIn1976,theUSFederalAviationAdministrationcreatedanindustry-widesystemtocollectsafetyreports.TheAviationSafetyReportingSystem(ASRS)collectsthousandsofreportseachmonth.Beyondreceivingimmunity(豁免權(quán))foramistake,it'sapointof51forpilotstosubmitASRSreports.Theyknowthereportsmakeairtravelsafer.Thereportsarestoredinasearchabledatabasethatanyonecan52,andNationalAeronauticsandSpaceAdministration(NASA)highlightssafetytrendsinitsmonthlynewsletter,Callback.Here,too,thereisa53lesson.Smallmistakesandnearmissescanbearichsourceofdataaboutwhatmight54inoursystem.Mistakesshouldn'tbe55.Byopenlysharingstoriesoffailuresandnearfailures,wecantreaterrorsasanopportunitytolearn.41.A.similarB.steadyC.long-termD.downward42.A.exampleB.exceptionC.symbolD.alternative43.A.assessmentB.managementC.competitionD.contribution44.A.failureB.effortC.pressureD.convenience45.A.predictableB.imaginaryC.uncheckedD.unforgiven46.A.performanceB.structureC.cultureD.standard47.A.teamB.stateC.sideD.policy48.A.immoralB.unrewardingC.disrespectfulD.inconvenient49.A.ageB.positionC.salaryD.attractiveness50.A.excitementB.discomfortC.respectD.disagreement51.A.prideB.sacrificeC.entertainmentD.literacy52.A.createB.affordC.analyzeD.access53.A.broaderB.clearerC.morebitterD.morecostly54.A.breakoutB.gowrongC.takeshapeD.slowdown55.A.obstaclesB.failuresC.experimentsD.secretsFour【徐匯一模】Atrendingnewadditiontotraveldestinationsaroundtheworldisfreezing-yet-beautifulAlaska.Thepoles,thedancinglights,andthewinterwonderlandshavealwaysattractedextremetravelersbutthistime,thereismorethanthemagicaldrawofthe(41)thatisinvitingpeopleuptowardsthecornersoftheglobe:climatechange.There'sastrangeformofclimateanxiety,whichisdrivingmorepeopletoplacesandsightsthatmay(42)toexistinthecomingyearsordecades.Alaska(43)thelistofclimate-temptedtraveldestinations.Thenorthernandotherwise-sereneAlaskanvillageofKaktovik(44)amajorboomintourismlastyear,asover2,000peopleappearedonitslightly(45)gravel(砂礫)andsnowystreets.Untilearlierinthedecade,localnewsreportssay,thevillagehadfewerthan50annualvisitors.Themain(46)nowarepolarbears,whicharebeingforcedintotownsbyawarmingplanetandtheshrinkingArcticseaice.Alltheheatingismakingitfareasierforwildlife(47)andeffortlessbearselfies.MostvisitorsarereportedlyfromChina,Europe,ortheUSA,oftenarrivingonfuel-consumingcharteredplanes.Aroundthemid-1990s,researchersbegan(48)morefemalebearsdenning(筑巢)onlandinsteadofintheice.Andseasonsoftourismmatchupwithchangingbearbehavior.Itpeaksinautumn(whichisalsofarwarmerandbreezierthantheforthcomingwinter-andclimatechangeismakingthingsmorepleasantingeneral)whenseaiceisfarfromtheshore,andbearscanbecome(49)onthelanduntiltheseafreezesagaininwinter.AreportintheClimateScienceSpecialReport:FourthNationalClimateAssessmentfound,“AlaskahaswarmedmorethantwiceasrapidlyastherestoftheUnitedStates.”Thisyear,alarmingtemperatureswerereportedfromAlaska.EverydaysinceApril25sawabove(50)temperatures,thelongeststreakinacentury.Whilebearshavetheircharm,meltingglaciersarealandscapeintheirownright.With(51)liketherecentonethatglacierscouldbemeltingat100timesfasterthan(52)thought,thenumberoftouristsoniceseemstobegoingupconsistently.Alaska’stourcompanieshavereportedanextraordinaryincreaseandthenumberofpolarcruisesreportedlywentup33percentinthelastdecade.Someglaciershavebeenmarkedbytherateofmeltfortouriststowatchandimaginethe(53)fromwheretheystand,muchlikevisitorstotheBerlinwallpicturethepast.Asthelandscapechanges,tourcompanieshavehadto(54)theirregularroutesandhikestoo-someglaciersthathad(55)byfootonlyadecadeagocannowonlybereachedbyhelicopter.41.A.eastB.westC.northD.south42.A.ceaseB.continueC.stickD.try43.A.releasesB.reviewsC.topsD.creates44.A.sawB.indicatedC.developedD.predicted45.A.locatedB.populatedC.upgradedD.occupied46.A.speciesB.attractionsC.destinationsD.identifications47.A.protectingB.evaluatingC.dismissingD.spotting48.A.trainingB.temptingC.feedingD.noticing49.A.initiatedB.inhabitedC.strandedD.hunted50.A.averageB.comfortableC.humiliatedD.global51.A.evaluationsB.predictionsC.regulationsD.generalizations52.A.carefullyB.beneficiallyC.previouslyD.specially53.A.futureB.currencyC.temporaryD.history54.A.identifyB.stabilizeC.eliminateD.modify55.A.viewB.accessC.networkD.coastFive【虹口一模】Ifyou’rechainedtoyourphoneandunhappyaboutit,youmightconsiderreceivingsmartphonenotifications(通知)atset(41) throughoutthedayratherthanastheycome.ResearchersatDukeUniversityandGeorgetownUniversityfoundthatstudyparticipantswhoreceivednotificationssettoarriveonlythreetimesadayreportedbettermoods,higher(42),andgreaterfeelingsofcontrolovertheirphones.Incomparisonwithparticipantswhoreceivednotificationsasusualandanothergroupofparticipantswhoreceivednonotificationsatall,studyparticipantsalso(43)theirphoneslessoften.Intotal,237smartphoneownerslivinginIndiaparticipatedinthestudy.ParticipantsdownloadedanAndroidappdevelopedbytheresearchersthatregulatedthe(44)ofphonenotifications.Respondentsalsowereaskedtoreportinadailydiary(45)measuresincluding:"concentration,distraction,stress,anxiety,mood,productivity,socialconnectedness,andworkenjoyment--aswellasphone-specific(46):feelingofbeinginterruptedbynotifications,senseofmissingoutonnotifications,senseofcontroloverphone,socialpressureto(47)others,phoneoveruse,andintentionalphonechecking.”Participantswereinformedthattheycouldalways(48)theirnotificationsbyopeningindividualapps.Andtheauthorsgivetheirfurtherexplanation,“(49),weonlycontrolledthedeliveryofnotifications(e.g.,tothelockscreen),ratherthanpreventingmessagesfrombeingaccessedatall.”“Comparedtothoseinthecontrolcondition(notificationsasusual),participantswhosenotificationsweresetthree-times-a-dayfeltmore(50),productive,inabettermood,andingreatercontroloftheirphones,”theresearcherswrite,notingthatthisgroupalsoreportedlowerstresslevels.”Incontrast,participantswhodidnotreceivenotificationsatall(51)fewofthosebenefits,butexperiencedhigherlevelsofanxietyand'(52)ofmissingout'(FoMO).“They'vereleasedtheapp,calledDaywise,forpersonalusethroughGooglePlay.ButDaywisehasbeenonly(53)ontheAndroidplatformsofar.“UnliketheappAndroid,iOS(shortforInternetworkOperatingSystem)doesn'tallow(54)partydeveloperstocontrolnotificationstoadegreewe'dlikeforsettingtoworkinanuanced(細(xì)微的)manner,”DayWisecreatorRanjanJagannathantoldus.“Tillwe'reabletodothis(55)enough,wewillnotbeabletobuildapowerfulversionofDaywiseforiOS.Weareworkingforit.”41.A.spotsB.periodsC.lengthsD.intervals42.A.standardB.productivityC.payD.expectation43.A.exchangeB.replaceC.unlockD.unfold44.A.deliveryB.transferC.assignmentD.flow45.A.strictB.distinctC.variousD.dramatic46.A.informationB.outcomesC.atmosphereD.motivations47.A.approveofB.competewithC.makeoutD.respondto

48.A.operateB.accessC.unloadD.maintain49.A.AboveallB.InadditionC.InotherwordsD.Ontheotherhand50.A.attentiveB.respectfulC.distractedD.considerate51.A.seizedB.harvestedC.offeredD.weighed52.A.senseB.delightC.intentionD.fear53.A.responsibleB.reliableC.availableD.reversible54.A.leadingB.relatedC.majorD.third55.A.flexiblyB.rapidlyC.formallyD.automaticallySix【閔行一模】Forcenturies,peoplehavehadastrongsensethatitisabsolutelybeneficialtoreadfairytalestochildren.However,thebenefitsmighthavebeen41.Someresearchersarereassessingthislong-establishedbeliefandafteryearsofsurveysandobservations,theyaresendingoutthemessage:readingtoomuchCinderellatoyourdaughtermay42damageherinlaterlife.Apapertobedevelopedattheinternationalcongressofcognitivepsychotherapy（認(rèn)知心理療法）suggestsalinkbetweenthe43ofwomenabused（虐待）bytheirpartnersandearlyexposuretothewrongsortoffairytales.Itsaysgirlswho44Cinderella,RapunzelandBeautyinBeautyandtheBeastweremorelikelytostayin45relationshipsasadults.ThetheorywasdevelopedbySusanDarkerSmith,apsychotherapistattheUniversityofDerby.Sheinterviewedsixty-sevenfemaleabusesurvivorsandfoundthatsixty-one46severeabusebecausetheybelievedtheycouldchangetheirpartnerswithpatienceandlove.Thesameviewwas47bymalesurvivorswhohadbeenabusedaschildren.Hardlyanyofthewomenandmeninacontrolgroup,whohadnot48abuse,thoughttheycouldchangetheirpartnersinthisway.Thesewomenandmensaidtheywould49arelationshipratherthansuffertheabusefromapartner.Ms.DarkerSmithfoundthattheseabusedwomenweremuchmorelikelytosympathizewithCinderellaandotherfemalecharacterswhotendedtoobeyinsteadof50.characteristicthatchildrenAlthoughmostgirlsheardthestories,damageappearedtobedonetothosewho51thecharactersasrolemodels.“Theybelieveiftheirloveisstrongenoughtheycanchangetheirpartners’52Jshesaid."53inchildrentostoriesthatemphasizethetransformationalqualitiesoflovemaymakewomenbelievetheycanchangetheirpartners.”Forexample,theymightneverhaveunderstoodtheobvious54inthestoryofRapunzel,whoremainedlockedinahightoweruntilrescuedbyaknightonawhitehorse,whobrokethedoordown.“Thequestion,”saidMs.DarkerSmith,“iswhyshecharacteristicthatchildrendidnotbreakthedoorbyherself?Afterall,being55isadesirableshouldlearntopossessfromtheearlyageandprevailinthelifetime.”A.enhancedB.overestimatedA.physicallyA.attitudeB.intellectuallyB.conflictA.enhancedB.overestimatedA.physicallyA.attitudeB.intellectuallyB.conflictC.highlightedC.academicallyC.uncertaintyD.justifiedD.emotionallyD.coincidence44.A.actedasB.identifiedwithC.turnedtoD.accountedfor45.A.imaginaryB.deceivingC.destructiveD.mysterious46.A.madeupforB.hadcontroloverC.felloffintoD.putupwith47.A.sharedB.disclosedC.contrastedD.argued48.A.explodedB.challengedC.undergoneD.blamed49.A.restoreB.leaveC.restrictD.survive50.A.resistingB.enduringC.concealingD.adapting51.A.excludedB.revealedC.imposedD.adopted52.A.prejudiceB.fateC.behaviorD.ignorance53.A.OverexposureB.ContributionC.AccessD.Commitment54.A.plotB.conclusionC.moralD.weakness55.A.confidentB.independentC.innocentD.optimisticSeven【普陀一?！緼FemaleConstructionTeamWonthe2020PritzkerArchitecturePrizeAfamousinternationalclubconsistsofonlythreemembers.That’sthenumberofwomenarchitectswhohavewonthePritzkerArchitecturePrizesinceitsbirthin1979.Today,thatclubwill(41)twomore:YvonneFarrellandShelleyMcNamara,foundersoftheIrishstudioGraftonArchitects.Theyareknownforproducingexcellentbuildingsofbrickandconcretethat(42)surprisinglightandairwithin.“Withoutgrand(43),theyhavemanagedtocreatemonumentalbuildings,“readsthestatementissuedbythePritzkerjury,“butevensotheyarezonedand(44)insuchawayastoproducemorespacesthatcreatecommunitywithin.”“Tobeanarchitectisanenormoushonor,”saidFarrellinastatemeit.“Towinthisprizeisagreat(45)ofourbeliefinarchitecture.”Withtheirvictory,theyjoinedtheDesignEliteasthe47thand48thPritzkerArchitecturePrize.Theyhavealsojoinedthe(46)ofthemoreelegantwomenwhohavewonthePritzkerArchitecturePrize,includingthelateIraqiBritisharchitectZahaHadid(47)KazuyoSejimaoftheJapanesefirmSANAAandCarmePigemofRCRArquitectes,astudiofromSpain.FarrellandMcNamaraare,asthejudgespointout,pioneersinafieldthathas(48)beenandstillisamale-dominatedprofession.Forthearchitects,thePritzkermarksahistoric,trans-Atlantic(49).LastmonththeywereawardedtheRoyalGoldMedalinarchitecturebytheRoyalInstituteofBritishArchitects.InthehistoryofthePritzkerArchitecturePrize,theyarethefourthandfifthfemalearchitectstoreceivetherespected(50)andthefirstall-femaleteamtodoso.Bothawards(51)animportantmomentforwomeninarchitecture,buttheyarealsoatthetopoftheirprofessionforarchitects.Inafieldknownforitswell-knownmen,theyarea(52)low-keycombination.Thoughlarge(53),thebuildingtheydesignedofferssmallcornersandcourtyardsforgardens,andshelteredplacestobealone,enjoyingthecityscape.Moveinclose,andyou’llgetanexcitingsightofflyingpassagewaysandleapingstaircases.Thearchitects'abilityto(54)qualitywithmorehumanspaces,aswellastheirattentiontocontext,wasnotedbythePritzkerjudgesintheirstatement.Thedialoguestheycreatebetweenbuildingsandsurroundings(55)anewappreciationofboththeirworksandplace.41.A.conductB.admitC.permitD.attract42.A.harborB.absorbC.introduceD.engage43.A.materialsB.gesturesC.conditionsD.events44.A.detailedB.interestedC.motivatedD.involved45.A.satisfactionB.comfortC.supportD.challenge46.A.levelsB.postsC.positionsD.ranks47.A.exceptforB.aswellasC.duetoD.otherthan48.A.extensivelyB.sociallyC.traditionallyD.individually49.A.sweepB.jumpC.flightD.improvement50.A.praiseB.complimentC.regardD.award51.A.markB.referC.supposeD.show52.A.decidedlyB.terriblyC.graduallyD.legally53.A.innatureB.inshapeC.inscaleD.inforce54.A.exchangeB.compareC.equipD.combine55.A.exploreB.demonstrateC.evaluateD.cultivateEight【青浦一模】Forstudentschasinglastingwealth,thebestchoiceofacollegemajorislessobviousthanyoumightthink.Theconventionalwisdomisthatcomputerscienceandengineeringmajorshavebetteremployment(41)andhigherearningsthantheirpeerswhochooseliberalarts.Thisistrueforthefirstjob,butthelong-termstoryismore(42).TheadvantageforSTEM(science,technology,engineeringandmathematics)majors(43)steadilyaftertheirfirstjobs,andbyage40,theearningsofpeoplewhomajoredinfieldslikesocialscienceorhistoryhavereachedthesamelevel.Thishappensfortworeasons.First,manyofthelatesttechnicalskillsthatareinhigh(44)todaybecomeout-datedwhentechnologyprogresses.Olderworkersmustlearnthesenewskillsonthefly,(45)youngerworkersmayhavelearnedtheminschool.Skillundesirabilityandtheincreased(46)fromyoungergraduatesworktogethertolowertheearningsadvantageforSTEMdegree-holdersastheyage.Second,althoughliberalartsmajorsstartlow,they(47)catchuptotheirpeersinSTEMfields.Thisisbydesign.Aliberalartseducation(48)valuable“softskills”likeproblem-solving,criticalthinkingandadaptability.Suchskillsarehardtoquantify,andtheydon’tcreateclear(49)tohigh-payingfirstjobs.Buttheyhave(50)inawidevarietyofcareersinthelongrun.AccordingtotheCensusBureau’sAmericanCommunitySurvey,computerscienceandengineeringmajorsbetweentheagesof23and25earned37%higherthantheaveragestartingsalaryofthosemajoringinhistoryorsocialsciences.(51),theaveragesalaryofthosemajoringincomputerscienceorengineeringbyage40was$111,870,andsocialscienceandhistorymajorsearned$131,154,anaveragethatis(52)inpart,byhigh-payingjobsinmanagement,businessandlaw.Whydidthathappen?Accordingtoa2018survey,thethree(53)ofcollegegraduatesthatemployersconsideredmostimportantwerewrittencommunication,problem-solvingandtheabilitytoworkinateam.Intheliberalartstradition,theseskillsarebuiltthroughthe(54)betweeninstructorsandstudents,andthroughclosereadingandanalysisofabroadrangeofsubjectsandtexts.I’mnotsuggestingthatstudentsshouldavoidmajoringinSTEMfields,butIdothinkweshouldbecarefuloftheurgetomakecollegecurriculaevermore(55)andcareer-focused.Afour-yearcollegedegreeshouldpreparestudentsforthenext40yearsofworkinglife,andforafuturethatnoneofuscanimagine.41.A.perspectivesB.processesC.performancesD.prospects42.A.complicatedB.uniqueC.interestingD.believable43.A.sharpensB.dominatesC.fadesD.worsens44.A.spiritB.favourC.esteemD.demand45.A.otherwiseB.whileC.sinceD.therefore46.A.concernB.cautionC.competitionD.cooperation47.A.dramaticallyB.graduallyC.rapidlyD.obviously48.A.fostersB.admiresC.describesD.weakens49.A.exitsB.shortcutsC.alternativesD.pathways50.A.shortageB.hardshipC.valueD.wisdom51.A.StillB.HoweverC.BesidesD.Instead52.A.calculatedB.stressedC.comparedD.lifted53.A.qualitiesB.elementsC.charactersD.majors54.A.argumentB.relationshipC.dialogueD.gap55.A.technicalB.liberalC.intellectualD.classicalNine【長(zhǎng)寧一?！縎incePeterSingerpublishedAnimalLiberationin1975,animalrightsactiviststhoughtanimalsshouldbegrantedthesamerightsashumans.Referringtoscientificstudiesshowinganimals41“humancharacteristics”，theyargueanimalsshouldbeprotectedwiththesamerights.Sowhydon’tanimalshavethesamelegalstatus(身份)ashumans?Thelineofreasoninginfavorofgrantinganimalsequalrightstohumans42thefactthatscientistshavefoundcharacteristicsinanimalswenormally43withhumans.Agroupofscientistsshowedmonkeysdemonstrateself-consciousnessatthesamelevelashumans.Thishasusuallyservedasajustificationforhumanrights,sowhydon’twegrantequalrightstomonkeys?Thetruthis,44convincingscientificevidence,theargumentforgrantingatleastsomeanimalsthesamerightsashumanscan’tbejustifiedphilosophically.Anadequateargumentforanimalrightswouldrequirefurtherphilosophicalinquiryandnotjustdescriptive^5_.Wecanfeelpityforanimalsbeingtreatedbadlyandstrivetoprotectthemfromsuchtreatment.This,46:doesn'tmeananimalsshouldenjoythesamelegalstatusashumans.Thereisastrongreasonfor47thatrightsonlyapplytohumans.Whilefundamentalrightssurelyarevaluableintheirnature,theywouldbeworthlesswithoutasystemto48them.Thatiswhyweexpectotherpeopletorespectourrights.Thesystemthatdefendsourrightsisthefactthatotherpeopleareobligedby49intheirbehaviorstowardsus.Inourdailylife,weexperiencenumeroussituationsinwhichbadguyscould50fromviolating（侵犯）ourrights.Nevertheless,wesee,ofcourse,withsomeexceptions,thatindividualscooperateandrespectotherp