新課堂英語外研版選修八講義Module1Period3

PeriodThreeGrammar&Writing一、復(fù)習(xí)主語主語是句子的主體，是要說明的人或物；主語是相對(duì)謂語而言的，謂語說明主語的情況、提供新的信息。英語句子的語序一般是主語位于謂語之前，但也有主謂倒裝的現(xiàn)象。名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、the＋形容詞、不定式、動(dòng)詞-ing形式、從句等都可以作句子的主語。1．名詞作主語Friendsaregiftsyougiveyourself.朋友是你送給自己的禮物。2．代詞作主語Sheneedstimetogetusedtothenewlife.她需要時(shí)間來適應(yīng)新的生活。3．?dāng)?shù)詞作主語One-thirdofthestudentshavefinishedtheirhomeworkwhiletheothershaven't.三分之一的學(xué)生已經(jīng)完成了作業(yè)，而其他人還沒有完成。Thefirsttocomewasahandsomeyoungman.第一個(gè)到來的是一位英俊的年輕人。4．“the＋形容詞”作主語Therichoftenlookdownonthepoor.富人經(jīng)?？床黄鸶F人。Thewoundedweretakentothehospitalimmediately.傷員被立刻送到醫(yī)院里。5．不定式作主語Tolearnaforeignlanguagewellisnotsodifficultasyouthink.學(xué)好一門外語并不像你想象的那么難。6．動(dòng)詞-ing形式作主語Smokingdoesharmtothehealth.吸煙有害健康。7．從句作主語Whetherhewillcomeisdoubtful.他是否會(huì)來還不知道。WhenwearegoingtohaveanEnglishtesthasnotbeendecidedyet.我們什么時(shí)間進(jìn)行英語測試仍然沒有確定下來。注意：不定式、動(dòng)詞-ing形式及從句作主語時(shí)，常用it作形式主語，且it常置于句首。Itcostmetwentyyuantobuythedictionary.我花了20元錢買這本字典。Itisnousetalkingtohim—hewon'tlistentoyou.跟他談話沒用——他不會(huì)聽你的。Itisapitythathecan'tswim.他不會(huì)游泳真遺憾。即時(shí)跟蹤11.Itisobviousthat?很明顯?you'vemadeabigmistake.2.Theyoung?年輕人?shouldrespecttheold.3.Totellthetruth?講實(shí)話?isthebestmethodinthissituation.4.Westudents?我們學(xué)生?havetoadapttothenewsystemquickly.5.60%oftheexports?60%的出口物?arefromChina，whichisabignumber.6.Swimming?游泳?isagoodsport.二、復(fù)習(xí)動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞表示人或事物的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。動(dòng)詞具有人稱和數(shù)、時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)的變化。1．根據(jù)動(dòng)詞的句法功能，動(dòng)詞一般可分為以下幾類：限定動(dòng)詞實(shí)義動(dòng)詞及物動(dòng)詞在句子中作謂語，后面需要跟賓語不及物動(dòng)詞在句子中作謂語，后面不跟賓語助動(dòng)詞不獨(dú)立作謂語，與實(shí)義動(dòng)詞一起構(gòu)成各種時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)、語氣、否定、疑問等結(jié)構(gòu)系動(dòng)詞有實(shí)義但不獨(dú)立作謂語，一般與表語一起作復(fù)合謂語情態(tài)動(dòng)詞有實(shí)義但不單獨(dú)作謂語，表示說話人的語氣、態(tài)度等非限定動(dòng)詞不定式在句子中可作主語、賓語、狀語、定語、補(bǔ)語、表語等成分動(dòng)詞-ing形式動(dòng)詞-ed形式HedescribedtheamazingthingshesawinChinasuchaspapermoneyandblackstonethatburned(coal)．他描述了他在中國看到的令人吃驚的東西，比如紙幣和可燃燒的黑石頭(煤)。Ahighmountainrange，theTrans-Antarcticrange，runsfromeasttowest，cuttingthecontinentintwo.一條橫貫?zāi)蠘O洲的山脈，從東到西將南極洲分為兩半。Hedidn'tappearatthepartyyesterday.他昨天沒在晚會(huì)上出現(xiàn)。Whenspringcomes，theweathergetswarmerandthedaysgetlonger.春天來了，天氣變暖，白天變長。Asstudents，youmuststudyhard.作為學(xué)生，你們必須努力學(xué)習(xí)。It'stoodifficultforhimtomasterEnglishinsuchashorttime.他在這么短的時(shí)間內(nèi)掌握英語太難了。Wecaughthimsmokingintheclassroom.我們發(fā)現(xiàn)他在教室內(nèi)吸煙。Seenfromtheplane，theAntarcticlooksverybeautiful.從飛機(jī)上看，南極洲非常美麗。2．實(shí)義動(dòng)詞的用法(1)betodo和beabouttodo表將來構(gòu)成用法beto＋動(dòng)詞原形表示計(jì)劃中約定的或按職責(zé)、義務(wù)和要求必須去做的事beaboutto＋動(dòng)詞原形表示即將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，不強(qiáng)調(diào)主觀，一般不能與具體的時(shí)間狀語連用Iamtomeetmyuncleattheairporttomorrow.明天我要去機(jī)場接我叔叔。Iwasabouttobeginmyclasswhenabirdflewintotheclassroom.我剛要開始上課，這時(shí)，一只鳥飛進(jìn)了教室。(2)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)中句子謂語動(dòng)詞的持續(xù)與終止在肯定句中，謂語為非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞時(shí)，句子不能用表示一段時(shí)間的時(shí)間狀語，但在否定句中可以。Therainhasn'tstoppedsincethreehoursago.這雨三個(gè)小時(shí)沒停了。注意：如有特別需要可將短暫性動(dòng)詞改變?yōu)檠永m(xù)性動(dòng)詞。常見的有：短暫性動(dòng)詞延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞短暫性動(dòng)詞延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞LeavebeawayputonwearBorrowkeepbecomebeBuyhavefinishbeoverbegin/startbeonfallasleepbeasleepDiebedeadcatchacoldhaveacold(3)被動(dòng)語態(tài)有關(guān)被動(dòng)語態(tài)，除前幾冊(cè)學(xué)過的內(nèi)容外，本單元補(bǔ)充以下兩點(diǎn)：情況用法沒有被動(dòng)語態(tài)的動(dòng)詞不及物動(dòng)詞及某些及物動(dòng)詞，如have，possess，resemble，lack，belongto等不能用被動(dòng)語態(tài)通常用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)含義的動(dòng)詞lock，open，read，sell，teach，translate，wash，write等動(dòng)詞說明主語的性質(zhì)特征而不是強(qiáng)調(diào)被執(zhí)行的動(dòng)作時(shí)習(xí)慣上用主動(dòng)語態(tài)Chinabelongstothethirdworld.中國屬于第三世界。Thepenswritequitesmoothlyandsellwell.這種筆寫起來很流暢并且很暢銷。即時(shí)跟蹤2(1)用所給動(dòng)詞的正確形式填空①Thestudentswerewriting(write)busilywhentheteachercamein.②Tomwillgowithyouassoonashefinishes(fin-ish)hishomework.③It'saveryspecialexperienceformetoday.Justastheyputit，seeing(see)isbelieving.④Hehasbeenworking(work)hardsince8o'clockthismorning.Weallthinkheneedsarest.⑤Ifnothingisdone(do)，theoceanswillturnintofishdeserts.(2)單句改錯(cuò)(每小題僅有1處錯(cuò)誤)①Listeningtoloudmusicatrockconcertseq\f(have,has)causedhearinglossinsometeenagers.②Thefactoryused65percentoftherawmaterials，therestofwhicheq\f(was,were)savedforotherpurposes.Ⅰ.在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式1．Wecanachievealotwhenwelearntoletourdifferencesunite，ratherthandivide(divide)us.(2016·浙江)2．Silkhadbecome(become)oneoftheprimarygoodstradedalongtheSilkRoadbyabout100BC．(3．Whenthetimecametomakethefinaldecisionforacourse，Idecidedtoapplyfortheonethatreflected(reflect)myinterest.(2016·浙江)4．Moreefforts，asreported，willbemade(make)intheyearsaheadtoacceleratethesupply-sidestructuralreform.(2016·江蘇)5．Dashan，whohasbeenlearning(learn)crosstalk，theChinesecomedictradition，fordecades，wantstomixitupwiththeWesternstand-uptradition.(2016·江蘇)6．ItwasraininglightlywhenIarrived(arrive)inYangshuojustbeforedawn.(2015·全國Ⅰ)7．Thiscyclegoes(go)dayafterday：Thewallswarmupduringthedayandcooloffduringthenightandarethusalwaysatimelyoffset(抵消)fortheoutsidetemperatures.(2015·全國Ⅱ)8．Ignoring(ignore)thedifferencebetweenthetworesearchfindingswillbeoneoftheworstmistakesyoumake.(2015·安徽)9．Theresearchgroupproducedtworeportsbasedonthesurvey，butneithercontainedanyusefulsuggestions.(2015·福建)10．Raised(raise)inthepoorestareaofGlasgow，hehadalong，hardroadtobecomingafootballstar.(2015·重慶)11．—Can'tyoustayalittlelonger?—It'sgettinglate.Ireallymustgonow.Mydaughterishomealone.(2015·北京)12．JustasIgottotheschoolgate，IrealizedIhadleft(leave)mybookinthecafe.(2015·安徽)Ⅱ.單句改錯(cuò)(每小題僅有1處錯(cuò)誤)1．Wemusteq\f(found,find)waystoprotecttheenvironment.(2015·全國Ⅰ，短文改錯(cuò))2．Awomansawhimcryingandeq\f(telling,told)himtowaitoutsidetheshop.(2015·全國Ⅱ，短文改錯(cuò))3．AsIeq\f(tell,told)youlasttime，Imadethreenewfriendshere.(2015·四川，短文改錯(cuò))4．Myfavoritepictureatthepartyisofmycoachandmeeq\f(enjoy,enjoying)thebiscuitswithhappylaughter！(2015·陜西，短文改錯(cuò))文體指導(dǎo)本單元要求介紹一個(gè)地方，屬于介紹類說明文范疇。這類文章一般對(duì)其大致情況進(jìn)行描述，給人們一個(gè)關(guān)于這個(gè)地方的整體概念。文章中通常包含以下方面：該地方的位置/方位、地貌特征、交通情況、風(fēng)土人情、歷史文化、名勝古跡、地方特產(chǎn)等。常用句式1．Thecityof...liesin/on...城市位于……2．Thecityof...islocatedin/on/at...in/n/at...……城市位于……3．Itisfamousfor....它因……而聞名。4．Itiswell-knownas...它作為……而聞名。5．Whatimpressestouristsmostis...令游客們最難忘的是……6．Itisawonderfulplaceforsummerholidays.這是個(gè)避暑的好地方。7．Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinrecentyears.近幾年(這里)發(fā)生了巨大的變化。8．Itisconvenientfortouriststotravelhere.對(duì)游客來說，這里交通便利。9．Ithasplayedanimportantrolein...它在……中起著重要的作用。10．Itisconsideredtobeoneofthemost...它被認(rèn)為是最……的……之一。寫作任務(wù)請(qǐng)你寫一篇文章，描寫港口城市日照，內(nèi)容要求如下：1．位于山東省東南部；2．以藍(lán)色的大海、美麗的海濱而聞名，是避暑勝地；3．每年夏天來自全國和世界各地成千上萬的游客到這里沿海漫步、游泳、購物、觀賞秀麗景色；4．近年來，該城市發(fā)生了巨大變化，對(duì)發(fā)展我國對(duì)外貿(mào)易起到重要作用，并成為國際港口城市。注意：1.內(nèi)容連貫，不逐條翻譯；2．詞數(shù)100左右。參考詞匯：別墅villa；東西方風(fēng)格的Eastern-and-Western-style審題謀篇第一步明確要求本文要求介紹一個(gè)地方，屬于介紹類說明文范疇。本文不同于書信、演講稿等，沒有特別的格式要求。時(shí)態(tài)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，人稱用第三人稱較合適。第二步確定段落Para.1：總體介紹日照Para.2：描寫日照的旅游狀況Para.3：說明日照的發(fā)展和地位，并對(duì)其進(jìn)行評(píng)價(jià)第三步詞匯熱身1．因……而聞名befamousfor2．發(fā)生takeplace3．在……中起重要作用playanimportantrolein4．呈現(xiàn)嶄新的面貌takeonanewlook第四步句式升級(jí)1．它以蔚藍(lán)的大海和美麗的海灘而出名。(一般表達(dá))Itsblueseaandbeautifulbeachesareveryfamous.(句式升級(jí))Itisfamousforitsblueseaandbeautifulbeaches.(高級(jí)詞匯)2．成千上萬的來自全國和世界各地的人們每年夏天都來這里。(一般表達(dá))Tensofthousandsofpeoplefromallpartsofthecountryandallcornersoftheworldcometovisitthecityeverysummer.(句式升級(jí))Thecityispaidavisittobytensofthousandsofpeoplefromhomeandabroadeverysummer.(被動(dòng)語態(tài)；高級(jí)詞匯)3．近年來，日照發(fā)生了巨大變化。(一般表達(dá))Rizhaohaschangedgreatlyinrecentyears.(句式升級(jí))GreatchangeshavetakenplaceinRizhaoinrecentyears.(被動(dòng)語態(tài))4．在我國的對(duì)外貿(mào)易中起到了重要作用。(一般表達(dá))Ithasanimportantpositioninthedevelopmentoftheforeigntradeofourcountry.(句式升級(jí))Ithasplayedanimportantroleinthedevelopmentoftheforeigntradeofourcountry.(高級(jí)詞匯)5．城市呈現(xiàn)了嶄新的面貌。(一般表達(dá))Thewholecityisverydifferentnow.(句式升級(jí))Thewholecityisnowtakingonanewlook.(高級(jí)詞匯)連句成篇TheCityofRizhaoThecityofRizhao，whichliesinthesoutheastofShandongProvince，isfamousforitsblueseaandbeautifulbeaches.Rizhaoisawonderfulplaceforsummerholidays.Tensofthousandsofpeoplefromhomeandabroadcometovisitthecityeverysummer.Theywalkalongthebeaches，goswimmingintheseaordosomeshoppinginthestoresorthesupermarkets.GreatchangeshavetakenplaceinRizhaoinrecentyears.Ithasplayedanimportantroleinthedevelopmentoftheforeigntradeofourcountry.Asaninternationalportcity，apearlshiningonthecoastofHuanghaiSea，itisnowtakingonanewlook.Ⅰ.單元語法A)用所給動(dòng)詞的正確形式填空1．It'sfunplaying(play)withchildren.2．Althoughhehasset(set)footinthefieldofcomputer，heismoreinterestedinecology.3．Tobewiseistothink(think)ofeverythingbeforehand.4．Thefriendshipbetweenthewestandeastwaspromoted(promote)afterMarcoPolocametoChina.5．Theplanetookoffhalfanhourafterallthepassengersboarded(board)it.B)完成句子6．TolearnEnglishwell(學(xué)好英語)needsalotofpractice.7．Wherehelives(他住在哪里)isasecret.8．Everymeans(每種方法)hasbeentriedwithoutanyresult.9．Thosewhowanttotakepartintheactivity(那些想?yún)⒓舆@個(gè)活動(dòng)的人)signyournamehere.10．Two-thirdsofthem(他們中三分之二的人)canplaymorethanonemusicalinstrument.Ⅱ.閱讀理解AStrongicywindsandthesightofendlesswhitesnowarejusttwoofthechallengespeoplemustovercomeintheArctic.Buta15-year-oldgirldidn'tlettheseworryher.OnApril15,2005，AliciaHemplemanAdamsbecametheyoungestpersontowalktotheNorthPole.ShecompletedtheadventurewithherPEteacherandtwoothercompanions.Eachofthemcarried40kilogramsofsupplies.Attimestemperaturesfellto—45degreescentigradeduringthe320-kilometretripacrossBaffinIslandinnorthernCanada.Butittookthemonlytendays，twodayslessthanplanned.“Itisareallygoodfeeling，moreofanachievement，”saidAliciaaftercomingtotheendofherArcticadventure.“Thewindwaslikeabeastcomingfrombehindus.Thetripseemedendlessandtherewasnothing：nobuildings，nopeople，andnoanimals.Sometimeswehadtowalkacrosslakescoveredwiththinice.Itisreallyhorriblelookingback.”Thegirlalsobeatherfamousfather，DavidHemplemanAdams'timeforthesamewalk.DavidisatopBritishexplorer，whoreachedboththeSouthandNorthpolesonfoot.Healsosetaseriesofhotair-balloonrecordsandclimbedthehighestmountainoneverycontinent.“It'sadouble-edgedsword，”hesaid.“I'mveryproudofwhatshehasachievedbutabitmiffedthatshehasbeatenmytime.”Askediftherewouldbeanyfuturejointadventures，thedadjoked，“IthinkIwouldbestrugglingtokeepupwithhernow.”AliciaflewbacktoBritainlastweekwhereshefacesthemorenormaltaskofreturningtoschool.Andshesaidherachievementwouldnotnecessarilymarkthestartofacareerinexploration.“Iwanttotryotherthingsfirst，”shesaid.11．WecaninferfromthepassagethatAliciahadplannedtoreachtheNorthPoleon.A．April10 B．April15C．April17 D．April25答案C解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章前兩段可知，Alicia在4月15日成功到達(dá)北極，比原定計(jì)劃提前了兩天，簡單推算可知，她原定于4月17日到達(dá)北極。12．Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?A．ABraveGirl—AliciaHemplemanAdamsB．SchoolgirlWalkstoNorthPoleC．FatherandHisGirlD．AnExcitingExperiencetotheNorthPole答案B解析標(biāo)題歸納題。綜合全文，主要講述了英國學(xué)生Alicia步行成功到達(dá)北極的事情。13．Theunderlinedword“miffed”probablymeans“”．A．a(chǎn)ngry B．gladC．happy D．disappointed答案A解析詞義猜測題。通過上文的but和下文的“thatshehasbeatenmytime”可知，miffed最可能與angry同義。BTherehavebeenmanygreatinventions，whichhavechangedthewaywelive.Thefirstgreatinventionwasonethatisstillveryimportanttoday—thewheel.Thismadeiteasiertocarryheavythingstotravellongdistances.Forhundredsofyearsafterthattherewerefewinventionsthathavemadeasmucheffectasthewheel.Therewaslittleunknownlandleftintheworld.Peopledidn'thavetoexplore(開發(fā))muchanymore.Theybegantoworkinsteadtomakelifebetter.Inthesecondhalfofthe19thcenturymanygreatinventionsweremade.Amongthemwerethecamera，theelectriclightandtheradio.Theseallbecameabigpartofourlifetoday.Thefirstpartofthe20thcenturysawmoregreatinventions.Thehelicopterin1909.Soundmoviesin1926.Thecomputerin1928，andjetplanesin1930.Thiswasalsoatimewhenanewmaterialwasmade.Nyloncameoutin1935.Itchangedthekindofclothespeoplewear.Themiddlepartofthe20thbroughtnewwaystohelppeoplegetoverdiseases.Theyworkedverywell.Theymadepeoplehealthierandletthemlivelonglives.Bythe1960smostpeoplecouldexpecttolivetobeatleast60.Bythistimemostpeoplehadaverygoodlife.Ofcoursenewinventionscontinuedtobemade.Butmannowhadawishtoexploreagain.Theworldisknowntomanbutthestarsarenotyet.Manbeganlookingforwaystogointospace.Russiamadethefirststep.ThentheUnitedStatestookastep.Sincethenothercountries，includingChinaandJapan，havemadetheirstepsintospace.14．Thefirstgreatinventioneverknownwas.A．thecamera B．thewheelC．theelectriclight D．theradio答案B解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段第二句“Thefirstgreatinventionwasonethatisstillveryimportanttoday—thewheel.”可知，已知的第一個(gè)最偉大的發(fā)明就是車輪。故選B。15．Whichofthefollowingwasturnedoutnearlyatthesametimewiththejetplane?A．Theradio. B．Thecamera.C．Nylon. D．Thehelicopter.答案C解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的句子“Thehelicopterin1909.Soundmoviesin1926.Thecomputerin1928，andjetplanesin1930.Thiswasalsoatimewhenanewmaterialwasmade.Nyloncameoutin1935.”對(duì)比四個(gè)選項(xiàng)可知，Nylon的發(fā)明時(shí)間與噴氣飛機(jī)的發(fā)明時(shí)間最為接近。文中沒有關(guān)于收音機(jī)和相機(jī)的具體發(fā)明時(shí)間的描述，故選C。16．Thispassagetalksmainlyabout.A．howinventionsaffect(影響)people'slifeB．whenelectriclightwasinventedC．whichcountrymadethefirststepintospaceD．whycarswereveryimportant答案A解析主旨大意題。通讀全文可知，這篇短文主要講述了人類有史以來的一些重大發(fā)明以及這些發(fā)明對(duì)人類生活的影響。故選項(xiàng)A“發(fā)明如何影響人類的生活”符合本文主題。17．Wecansafelycometotheconclusionthatpeople'slifewillbemadeevenbetterthrough.A．newdiscoveriesB．greaterinventionsC．betterwaystohelppeoplegetoverdiseasesD．a(chǎn)llofabove答案D解析推理判斷題。這篇短文主要講述了人類有史以來的一些重大發(fā)明以及這些發(fā)明對(duì)人類生活的影響。這些發(fā)明涵蓋地理發(fā)現(xiàn)，設(shè)備制造和疾病治療等各個(gè)方面，并且人類會(huì)繼續(xù)在這些方面進(jìn)行研究探索。故選D。Ⅲ.語法填空Dowechoosetoliveahealthylifestyle？Ordomostofusnothavethemoneytoaffordtolive18.happily(happy)？Iusedtothinkthatahealthylifestylemeantcountlesshoursatagymoreatingorganic(有機(jī)的)foodatan19.expensive(expense)grocerystore.However，Ihavefoundoutthesearenottrue.Ahealthylifestylecanbeachieved20.atnoadditionalcost.Thefollowingaresomehealthylivingideasthatanyonecanstarttoday：Walkatleast30minutesaday.Walkingisfreeand21.itiseasytofind30minutesadayeitherinthemorningorintheevening.22.Ifitistoocoldtowalkoutside，thenyoucanwalkinamalloradepartmentstore.Stop23.smoking(smoke)．Itsoundslikeaneasything.Inreality，thisisthe24.hardest(hard)thingyoucando.ThestrategyIusedto25.quit(quit)smokingwastohaveafirmresolutionandthenneverlookback.Itdidtakeafewtries.Myfinalattemptwas26.successful(success)becauseIatefruitswheneverIhadanyurgetosmoke.Junkfoodandprocessedfoodhaveanegativeeffect27.onhealth.Instead，youcanchoosetoeat80%ofyourdietintheformofunprocessedfood.Ⅳ.短文改錯(cuò)Asurveybasingon1,000studentsfoundthat80%ofseniorstudentssleeplessthanninehourseverynight.Onemainreasonliesatstudents'badhabits.Toomuchhomeworkisgivenbyschoolteachersisanothermaincause.Somestudentsareabsent-mindedwhiledoingtheirhomework，andsomewastingtheirafter-classtime.Thethirdcauseisthatsomestudentshavetogetupearlieronweekdaytogettoschoolthatfarawayfromhome.Expertsthinktheamountofhomeworkforthestudentsshouldcutdown.Beside，teachersshouldencouragetheirstudentsmakegooduseoftheirsparetime.Onlyinthiswaycanthestudentsimproveourstudyefficiency.答案Asurveyeq\f(basing,based)on1,000studentsfoundthat80%ofseniorstudentssleeplessthanninehourseverynight.Onemainreasonlieseq\f(at,in)s