高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)Unit6Natureinwords課后練習(xí)含解析外研版選擇性必修第三冊

PAGEPAGE8Unit6Natureinwordseq\a\vs4\al()課后培優(yōu)——微積累戰(zhàn)高考，訓(xùn)練提分點eq\a\vs4\al()eq\a\vs4\al(概要寫作微技能)同義動詞(短語)的替換一、多樣表達(dá)1．得到：get→acquire,obtain2．減少：reduce→decrease,lessen,cutdown3．改進(jìn)：improve→promote,enhance4．幫助：help→assist,aid5．擁有：have→own,possess6．感謝：thank→appreciate7．表達(dá)：express→convey8．確信：makesure→ensure9．解決：solve→resolve,copewith,dealwith10．鼓勵，激發(fā)：encourage→motivate,inspire11．培養(yǎng)：develop→cultivate,foster12．保護(hù)：protect→conserve,preserve13．導(dǎo)致：cause→bringabout,resultin,leadto14．展示：show→reveal,illustrate,demonstrate,present15．確信：believefirmly→befirmlyconvinced16．感興趣：beinterestedin→becaughtin,becrazyabout,beabsorbedin17．改變：change→transform,alter18．充分利用：makefulluseof→makethemost/bestof,takefulladvantageof19．動身去某地setofffor→headfor20．采取措施：takemeasures→takeactions,takesteps二、佳句觀摩1．SuchinformationiseasilygottenfromtheInternet.→Suchinformationiseasilyacquired/obtainedfromtheInternet.從互聯(lián)網(wǎng)上很容易獲得這種信息。2．Ayoungmanofhisyearsneededtohaveaseparateroom.→Ayoungmanofhisyearsneededtoown/possessaseparateroom.他那個年紀(jì)的年輕人需要有個單獨的房間。3．Hemadesurethattheropesweretight.→Heensuredthattheropesweretight.他確信繩子拉緊了。4．Theyfirmlybelievedthattheirbloodwouldnotbeshedinvain.→Theywerefirmlyconvincedthattheirbloodwouldnotbeshedinvain.他們堅信他們的血不會白流。三、佳句仿寫用同義詞替換下列句子中的黑體部分1．Ican'texpressmyfeelingsinwords.→Ican'tconveymyfeelingsinwords.我無法用言語來表達(dá)我的情感。2．Urbandevelopmenthascausedtheruinationofvastareasofcountryside.→Urbandevelopmenthasbrought_about/resulted_in/led_totheruinationofvastareasofcountryside.城市發(fā)展導(dǎo)致大片的鄉(xiāng)村遭到毀壞。3．ItwasasuccessfullecturewhichmadefulluseofmultimediA．→Itwasasuccessfullecturewhichmade_the_most/best_of/took_full_advantage_ofmultimediA．本次講座辦得非常成功，充分利用了多媒體。eq\a\vs4\al()eq\a\vs4\al(高考題型組合練)Ⅰ.閱讀理解A語篇類型說明文主題語境人與自然——研究發(fā)現(xiàn)——魚能在鏡子中識別自己(2021·昆明市高三診斷測試)Veryfewanimalsexceptdolphins，chimpanzees(黑猩猩)，andelephantshaveeverpassedthemirrortestforself-recognition.Scientistsbelievetheyhavefoundafishabletorecognizeitselfinamirror.Theresultissurprisingbecausethisabilityisusuallyonlyfoundinanimalswithbiggerbrains.Evenhumansdon'tusuallypassthemirrortestuntiltheyareaboutayearandahalfolD．Totestthewrasse(隆頭魚)，asmallfishinthesea，scientistsputeachwrasseinatankwithamirror.Theygavethefishachancetogetusedtothemirrorandwatchedtheirreactions.Atfirst，thewrasseschallengedthe“otherfish”byswimminguptothemirrorand“fighting”themwiththemouth.Butsoonthewrassesseemedtounderstandthatsomethingfunnywashappening.Theybegantoswimtowardthemirrorupsidedownorinotherunusualways.Itwasliketheyweretestingwhetherthefishinthemirrorwerereallythemselves.Oncethewrassesseemedusedtothemirror，thescientistsgavethewrassesamarkbyputtingthefishtosleepandinjectingsomethingundertheirskin.Someofthefishgotabrownmark.Otherfishgotaclear“mark”thatdidn'thaveacolorandcouldn'tbeseeninamirror.Afterlookinginthemirror，thewrasseswiththebrownmarkswouldrubtheareawiththemarkagainstthesandinthebottomofthetank.Thentheywouldgobackandlookinthemirroragain，asifcheckingifthemarkwasstillthere.Butwhenwrasseswithbrownmarkswereputintankswithoutmirrors，theydidn'ttrytorubtheirmarksaway.Andwrasseswithclear“marks”didn'teither，evenwhentheycouldseethemselvesinthemirror.TheunexpectedresultsaremakingsomepeoplelookhardforotherwaystoexplainhowthewrassesreacteD．Soeventhoughthewrassesseemtohavepassedthemirrortest，thescientistswillneedsometimetoreflectonexactlywhatthatmeans.文章大意：除海豚、黑猩猩和大象這三種動物外，很少有動物能夠通過在鏡子中自我辨認(rèn)的測試。但科學(xué)家們發(fā)現(xiàn)海洋中的一種小魚能夠通過在鏡子中自我辨認(rèn)的測試，這讓科學(xué)家們很吃驚。1．Whydothescientistsfeelsurprisedabouttheresult?A．Becausethefishhasabigbrain.B．Becausethefishsucceededinpassingthemirrortest.C．Becausechimpanzeesareascleverasdolphins.D．Becauseelephantsfailedtopassthemirrortest.解析：B考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第一段第二、三句可知，科學(xué)家們認(rèn)為他們發(fā)現(xiàn)一種魚能夠在鏡子中辨認(rèn)自己，這種能力通常只有具有較大的大腦的動物才具備，所以科學(xué)家們感到吃驚，故選B項。2．Whatdidthescientiststakenoticeofaboutthewrassesatfirst?A．Theyswaminunusualways.B．Theywantedtochallengethemselves.C．Theythoughtthemirrorinteresting.D．Theywereunawareofthemselvesinthemirror.解析：D考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段第三句“Atfirst，thewrasses...withthemouth.”可知，科學(xué)家們注意到這種魚一開始向鏡子中的“其他魚”挑戰(zhàn)，并用嘴攻擊鏡中的它們。由此可知，隆頭魚不知道鏡中的影像是自己。故選D項。3．Howdidthefishwithbrownmarksreactinthemirrortest?A．TheywouldrubtheareawiththemarkagainstsanD．B．Theywouldpaynoattentiontomarks.C．Theywouldrestinthebottomofthetank.D．Theywouldswimupsidedowntothemirror.解析：A考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第四段首句可知，帶有褐色記號的魚會在水槽底部的沙子上摩擦帶有記號的部位，故選A項。4．Whichcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A．WhyAreFishSmarterthanExpected?B．DoColorsAffecttheExperiment?C．HowIstheMirrorTestConducted?D．CanFishRecognizeThemselvesintheMirror?解析：D考查標(biāo)題判斷。根據(jù)第一段第二句“Scientistsbelievetheyhavefoundafishabletorecognizeitselfinamirror.”并結(jié)合第二至第四段介紹的測試過程可知，本文主要介紹了科學(xué)家們發(fā)現(xiàn)海洋中的一種魚也能通過在鏡子中識別自己的測試，故D項適合作文章標(biāo)題。B語篇類型說明文主題語境人與自然——人與動植物——保護(hù)米切爾眼蝶(2021·福州市高三適應(yīng)性練習(xí))Thismorningwe'regoingtoheadoffdownintothewetland，averyspecifickindofwetlandcalledthePrairiefen.YoucanfindNateFullercountingbutterflies.TheSarettNatureCenterneedsanaccuratecountofMitchell'ssatyrbutterfliestohelppreserveoneoftheirlastknownhabitats.They'reveryparticularaboutthekindofhabitatwheretheycanlive，whichispartofwhatmakesthemsorareandamazingindicatorsforourwaterquality.Today，SarettexpertAshleyCole-WickwithMichigan'sNaturalFeaturesInventoryhelpsFullercount.Shesays，“WhenIfirststartedworkingonthebutterflyin2013，wehad18populationsandin2019，wehad10.”TheMitchell'ssatyrbutterflywentontheendangeredspecieslistin1991.Initiallyitwasthoughtthatlossofwetlandscontributedtotheirdecline.Fullersays，“It'snotjusthabitatavailability.Thequantityandqualityofgroundwatercomingintothesewetlandsseemtobeachallengeforthebutterfly.Nothinghasallbeensortedoutexactly.”Whilethedeclineislikelyacombinationoffactors，thefactthatwaterqualitymightcontributeisalarmingbecausethewetlandsaretheheadwatersfortheMidwest'sriversandstreams.Acaptivebreeding(人工繁殖)programwasstartedfouryearsagoattheToledoZootohelpgettothebottomofthemystery.TodayDirectorRyanWalshwhoheadstheprogramsaysit'sbeentheonlysuccessfulcaptivebreedingprogram.Thecaterpillars(毛毛蟲)spentthewinterinaspecialweathercontrolroomthathelpeddeterminetheMitchell'ssatyrsdon'tdowellbelow4.4degreesCelsius.Withthatknowledge，theprogramproduced1，300neweggs，adevelopmentthatmaygoalongwaytowardrestoringthepopulation.Andifallgoeswell，mayonedaytheMitchell'ssatyrbutterflyearnaticketofftheendangeredspecieslist.文章大意：最初人們認(rèn)為濕地的喪失導(dǎo)致米切爾眼蝶數(shù)量減少，但專家經(jīng)過研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，地下水的數(shù)量和質(zhì)量似乎也是其數(shù)量減少的原因；研究人員于4年前開始了一個人工繁殖項目來探索其減少的原因，之后該項目培育出很多米切爾眼蝶蟲卵，這樣一來，米切爾眼蝶有望脫離瀕危物種名單。5．Whataretheindicatorsforthewaterquality?A．Thehabitats. B．Thebutterflies.C．Thewetlands. D．Theexperts.解析：B考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段第三句“They'reveryparticularabout...amazingindicatorsforourwaterquality.”可知，米切爾眼蝶對自己居住的棲息地的種類很挑剔，這使得它們?nèi)绱讼∩俨⒊蔀樗|(zhì)的指標(biāo)，故選B項。6．Whatisthemainideaofthethirdparagraph?A．Theimportanceofwaterquality.B．Actionstakentoprotectthebutterflies.C．Thereasonswhythenumberofbutterfliesdecline.D．Thenaturalconditionsforthebutterflies.解析：C考查段落大意。根據(jù)第三段內(nèi)容可知，最初人們認(rèn)為濕地的喪失導(dǎo)致米切爾眼蝶的數(shù)量減少，但是Fuller認(rèn)為不僅是濕地，地下水的數(shù)量和質(zhì)量也是其減少的原因，由此可知，本段主要講述米切爾眼蝶數(shù)量減少的原因，故選C項。7．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“restoring”inParagraph4mostprobablymean?A．Preserving. B．Increasing.C．Recovering. D．Controlling.解析：C考查詞義猜測。根據(jù)畫線詞所在句中的“theprogramproduced1，300neweggs，adevelopmentthatmaygoalongway”可知，人工繁殖項目產(chǎn)出1，300個新卵，又結(jié)合米切爾眼蝶是瀕危物種可推知，這是恢復(fù)眼蝶數(shù)量的一個新的進(jìn)展，故選C項。8．Whatcanwelearnaboutthebutterfly?A．ItcaneasilybefounD．B．Itisnotendangerednow.C．Itwilldieabove4.4degreesCelsius.D．Itcanbebredbyhumans.解析：D考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)最后一段第一句的內(nèi)容和倒數(shù)第二句“Withthatknowledge，theprogramproduced1，300...thepopulation.”可知，米切爾眼蝶可以人工培育，故選D項。Ⅱ.七選五語篇類型說明文主題語境人與自然——人與動物——候鳥天生就知道家的方向(2021·南昌市重點中學(xué)高三模擬)Imagineyouareonalongcartrip.ItisnightandyoutakeawrongturnontoadarkcountryroaD．Withasinkingfeeling，yourealizethatyouhavenoideawhereyouare.1．________，andtheansweriswritteninlight—ashiningcompassface，withnorth，south，eastandwestatthefourpoints，andabigneedlearepointingatnorth.Whatarelief！Youturnyourcararoundandheadintherightdirectionguidedbythesky.Formigratingbirds，findingtheirwayoverlongdistancesthroughthedarkestnightsistheirsecondnature.2.________—directionswrittenbylightandmagnetism(磁力).Somemigratingbirdsjourneyforthousandsofmilesintheirtwice-yearlyjourneys.3.________，likemountainrangesandrivers，tohelpdecidethedirections；butmigratingbirdsmayalsonavigatebythestars，andbysensing—oreven“seeing”—theEarth'sinvisiblemagneticfielD．Formanyyears，scientistshavebeenstudyingwhat'sbehindthestrongabilityofmigratingbirdstofindtheirwaytotheirwinterandsummerhomes.Hereisonethingthattheyagreeon.4.________.ThiscompassleadsthemtomaketheirveryfirstautumnflightinthedirectioninwhichtherestoftheirspecieshavelongtravelleD．5.________．A．ThenyouglanceupattheskyB．SomigratingbirdsarebornknowingwhichwayhomeisC．TheydoitinpartbyreadingdirectionsintheskyD．Magnetismisimportantforallanimals，especiallybirdsandfishesE．Whenthey'reontheway，theytakeadvantageoffamiliarlandmarksF．MigratorybabybirdsarealreadyequippedwithakindofpresentinnercompassG．Inbirds，migrationmeanstwo-wayjourneys—onwardjourneyandbackwardjourney文章大意：候鳥每年要進(jìn)行兩次遷徙，行程數(shù)千公里，它們靠山脈、河流、天空中的星辰以及感知地球的隱形磁場來找到正確的方向。研究表明，候鳥天生就知道家的方向。1．解析：A第一段講到你駕車迷失方向的情景，空處應(yīng)是與此相關(guān)，此處表示你仰望天空，通過星辰找到方向，故A項銜接上下文。2．解析：C空前一句表述候鳥能在最漆黑的夜晚遠(yuǎn)距離找到它們的方向是它們的第二個本性，空處應(yīng)是解釋其原因，故C項“在某種程度上，它們通過讀懂天空的方向來找它們的方向”符合語境。3．解析：E空后的“l(fā)ikemountainrangesandrivers”與E項中的“familiarlandmarks”相呼應(yīng)。E項(鳥兒在飛行途中利用熟悉的地標(biāo))與“如山脈、河流來幫助選定方向”相銜接，故選E項。4．解析：F空后的“Thiscompass”是F項中的“innercompass”的復(fù)現(xiàn)。代入F項(候鳥寶寶已經(jīng)具備了一種現(xiàn)有的內(nèi)在指南針)，其與空后(這種指南針引領(lǐng)它們進(jìn)行第一次秋季遷徙)語意相連貫。故選F項。5．解析：B空前一句表述候鳥寶寶具備的內(nèi)在指南針引領(lǐng)它們進(jìn)行第一次秋季遷徙，故B項(所以，候鳥天生知道回家的路)符合語境。Ⅲ.語法填空語篇類型記敘文主題語境人與自我——個人經(jīng)歷——放棄是為了美好的將來(2021·廣東省調(diào)研考試)AboutsixyearsagoIbeganmyjobasanITconsultant(顧問).Ihadalwaysbeenquitegoodwithcomputers.Itwasagreatmoveforme,asIquicklylearnedaton.Everydaywasfun.Itwasoneofthebestandmostchallengingjobs1.____________IhadeverhaD．When2.____________(think)ofafewyearsahead,Irealizedthatthingsstartedtotaper(逐漸變窄).Iwasn'tlearningasmuchasbefore.Ifeltadesiretotrysomethingdifferent.ButIcouldn'tgetthecouragetomakeanymoves.I3.____________(pay)verywell;Ihadalotoffreedom,andgreatbenefits.IhadgrowncomfortableandIhadbeen4.____________(accustom)toaneasylife.Lastyearthingscametoahead(達(dá)到緊急關(guān)頭).Iwashavinga5.____________(particular)stressfulmonth,6.____________(overload)withworkthatwasneitherchallengingnorinteresting.Ihadenough.I7.____________(reach)outtomybossandlethimknowaboutmyideA．Wehadameetingaboutmypersonal8.____________(decide).Hedidn'twanttoloseme.HeaddressedmyconcernsandweagreedthatIcouldchangemyjobandbeginworkingonsomenewinternal(內(nèi)部的)organizationalsystems.Idecidedtogivethisnewroleachance.Now,ayearaftermyrolechanged,notmuchisdifferent.Seniorstaffdidnotadopt9.____________newsystemsIbuilt.Theworkisstilluninspiringandunc