考研英語(yǔ)模擬18

［模擬］考研英語(yǔ)模擬18

多項(xiàng)填空

Onthenet,grammarchangesarepunishedby

⑴_(tái)_____

Themassivepotentialreadership,thealmostfreepublicationand

theeaseinputtingwordsonlinemeanthatliterarymagazines

⑵—

Whatisthenameofthecolumnmentionedinthemagazine

SweetFancyMoses?

⑶______

HowmanytimeshasthesciencefictionDownandOutinthe

MagicKingdombeendownloaded?

(4)._

Online,theolderandmoreestablishedwritersare

⑸—

［聽(tīng)力原文］

Writingisdead,theysay.TheInternetkilledit;peoplerelyonspell

checkersandgrammarchangesarepunishedbygreenwavylines.

Infact,ifyouweretolistentothecriticsyoucouldbeforgiven

forthinkingtheInternetisnotjustaculturalwasteland,butavacuum

一itsuckstheverysoulofcivilizationandartoutoftheuser.

Well,maybebefore.Butnow,withtheInternetfirmlyinthe

majorityofhomes,thewebisseeinganewburstofold-fashionedliterary

effort.Writing,itseems,isverymuchaliveandwellontheweb.

Themassivepotentialreadership,thealmostfreepublication,and

theeaseinputtingwordsonline,combined,meanthatliterarymagazines,

whicharepracticallyprofit-freeinprintedform,arebloomingacross

theweb.

SitessuchasTheSimonandTheMorningNewsofferdailyessays.

MagazineSweetFancyMoseshasacolumn“Wherewitlives”.Thereare

literaryjournalscoveringeverystyle,everycountryandcertainlyevery

citybigenoughtohaveascene.

Otherestablishedwritersaretakingadvantageofthecheapandeasy-

publishingsystems.

Lastweek,thesciencefictionauthorCoryDoctorowannouncedthat

thefreeversionofhislatestnovel,DownandOutintheMagicKingdom,

i

hasbeendownloadedmorethan100,000times.

WiththeInternet,thingscanbereadalmostanywhereontheplanet.

Thecontributionscomefromstrangersandareinfluencedbywriterswho,

onlyafewyearsago,youwouldhaveneverhadthechancetohearof.

Ofcourse,theolder,moreestablished,usuallydead,writersare

fullyrepresentedonline.Infact,thankstothefactthatcopyright

restrictionsexpirewhenaworkreachesacertainage,many

siteshavegrownupofferingfreeonlineversionsofclassictexts.

第1題：

參考答案：

greenwavylines

詳細(xì)解答：

第2題：

參考答案：

areblooming

詳細(xì)解答：

第3題：

參考答案：

Wherewitlives

詳細(xì)解答：

第4題：

參考答案：

Over100,000times

詳細(xì)解答：

第5題：

參考答案:

2

fullyrepresented

詳細(xì)解答：

WhatdomothersusuallyreceiveonMother'sDay?

(6)______

Challengesfacedbyaveragewomenincludeworkandfamily

pressures,hormonalchangesand

⑺—

Forwomenwithchronicsleepproblems,healthriskscanbe(8)

Sleeplosscanalsohinderawoman，sabilityto

(9)______

Adequatesleepisespeciallyimportantinhelpingmoms

preservepeacefulrelationshipswiththeir

(10)

a

［聽(tīng)力原文］

SundayMay11isMother，sDay.Skiptheflowersandchocolatesthistime.

Whatdomumsreallyneed?Sleep!

Womenfacespecificchallenges：workandfamilypressures,hormonal

changes,certainillnessesand,inthecaseofnewmums,enhanced

sensitivitytosound.Allofthesecandisruptsleepandcontributeto

sleeploss.

Forwomenwithchronicsleepproblems,healthriskscanbe

significant.Theseincludeincreasedriskofheartdiseaseandobesity,

decreasedabilitytohandlejobandhouseholdresponsibilities,and

relationshipproblems.

AccordingtoaUSNationalSleepFoundationsurvey,theaverage

womangetsalittleoversixandahalfhoursofsleeppernightduring

theworkweek.

“Manywomen,particularlyworkingmoms,existinaconstantstate

ofsleepiness,“saidSuzanneGriffin,assistantprofessorofpsychiatry

atGeorgetownUniversityHospitalinWashington,DC,andmotheroftwo

children.

Thereareseveralgender-specificconditionsthatcontributeto

widespreadsleeplossamongwomen.Specifically,sleepisaffectedby

biologicalfactorssuchashormonechanges.

Mostwomenwithchildrenalsodevelopahighsensitivitytothe

soundsoftheirchildren,whichcausesthemtowakeupeasily.

Sleeplosscanalsohinderawoman'sabilitytoperformdaily

3

activitiesandmayalsohaveaneffectonherrelationships.

“Adequatesleepiscriticalforwomenofallagesandisespecially

importantinhelpingmomsperformdailyactivitiesandpreservepeaceful

relationshipswiththeirspouseandchildren,“saidDrGriffin.

“Mother'sDayisagreatopportunitytotakeabreakandgetagood

night，ssleep.Itisimportant,however,forthosewhoexperiencesleep

disturbancesformorethanafewweekstoseetheirdoctoranddiscuss

theproblem.”

第6題:

參考答案:

Flowersandchocolates

詳細(xì)解答：

第7題：

參考答案：

certainillnesses

詳細(xì)解答：

第8題：

參考答案：

significant

詳細(xì)解答：

第9題：

參考答案：

performdailyactivities

詳細(xì)解答:

第10題:

參考答案:

4

spouseandchildren

詳細(xì)解答:

SomeUSresearcherssaythatvitaminsupplements

cannotcorrect

(11)_

Highdosesofvitaminsandmineralscouldincreasethe

(12)

Expertssaythattodayvitamindeficienciesarealmost

(13)______

Researchersareconcernedwiththequestionsconcerning

multivitaminstakenby

(14)______

Peoplearelesslikelytodevelopdiseaseiftheyconsumemore

(15)______

a

［聽(tīng)力原文］

Vitaminsaremeanttoimprovepeople*simmunesystems,andwiththespread

ofSARSmanyChinesearetakingvitaminsA,C,andEeveryday.

ButsomeUSresearcherssaythatvitaminsupplementscannotcorrect

apoordiet,andthatmultivitaminshavenotbeenshowntopreventany

disease.Itisalsoeasyforhighdosesofcertainvitaminsandminerals

toactuallyincreasetheriskofdisease.

Expertssaytheyarenolongerconcernedaboutvitamindeficiencies.

Thosearealmostunheardoftoday,evenwiththepopulationeatingfewer

fruitsandvegetables.Instead,theconcerniswiththedangersofvitamin

excess.

Researcherssaythequestionsinvolvemultivitaminstakenby

healthypeople,notspecificvitaminsormineralstakenbygroupswith

specificneeds.

Someelderlypeople,forexample,maybedeficientinvitaminB

becausetheylosetheirabilitytoabsorbitfromfoods.

PeoplewhospendlittletimeoutdoorsmayrequirevitaminD,which

theskinmakeswhenitisexposedtosunlight.Evenwhenolderpeopleare

inthesun,agingskinlosesmuchofitsabilitytocreatethevitamin.

Formostpeople,however,theissueisnotdeficits.Instead,

nutritionresearchersask：Dopeopleeatingrelativelyhealthydietswith

freshfruitsandvegetablesandnottoomanycaloriesorfatsbenefitfrom

multivitaminsorothersupplements?Dothosewithverybaddietsmakeup

5

forsomedeficitsiftheytakemultivitaminpills

aIfyoueatjunkfoodeveryday,vitaminsaretheleastofyour

problems,“saidDrCaballero."Youcannotreplaceahealthydiet.Wedon't

knowwhatingredientinahealthydietisresponsibleforwhichcondition.

Wedoknowthatpeoplewhoconsumemorefruitsandvegetableshave

lessdisease.Butwedon'tknowwhichingredienthelps.

Peoplearelookingforthemagicbullet.Itdoesnotexist.”

第11題：

參考答案：

apoordiet

詳細(xì)解答：

第12題:

參考答案：

riskofdisease

詳細(xì)解答：

第13題:

參考答案：

unheard

詳細(xì)解答：

第14題：

參考答案：

healthypeople

詳細(xì)解答：

第15題:

參考答案：

fruitsandvegetables

6

詳細(xì)解答:

多項(xiàng)選擇

Muchofthelanguageusedtodescribemonetarypolicy,suchas

usteeringtheeconomytoasoftlanding”or“atouchonthebrakes”,

makesitsoundlikeaprecisescience.Nothingcouldbefurtherfromthe

truth.Thelinkbetweeninterestratesandinflationisuncertain.And

therearelong,variablelagsbeforepolicychangeshaveanyeffecton

theeconomy.Hencetheanalogythatlikenstheconductofmonetarypolicy

todrivingacarwithablackenedwindscreen,acrackedrear-viewmirror

andafaultysteeringwheel.

Givenallthesedisadvantages,centralbankersseemtohavehad

muchtoboastaboutoflate.Averageinflationinthebigsevenindustrial

economiesfelltoamere2.3%lastyear,closetoitslowestlevelin

30years,beforerisingslightlyto2.5%thisJuly.Thisisalongway

belowthedouble-digitrateswhichmanycountriesexperiencedinthe1970s

andearly1980s.

Itisalsolessthanmostforecastershadpredicted.Inlate

1994thepanelofeconomistswhichTheEconomistpollseachmonthsaid

thatAmerica/sinflationratewouldaverageonlyabout3.5%in1995.In

fact,itfellto2.6%inAugust,andisexpectedtoaverageonlyabout

3%fortheyearasawhole.InBritainandJapaninflationisrunning

halfapercentagepointbelowtheratepredictedattheendoflastyear.

Thisisnoflashinthepan,overthepastcoupleofyears,inflationhas

beenconsistentlylowerthanexpectedinBritainandAmerica.

Economistshavebeenparticularlysurprisedbyfavourable

inflationfiguresinBritainandtheUnitedStates,sinceconventional

measuressuggestthatbotheconomies,andespeciallyAmerica，s,have

littleproductiveslack.America，scapacityutilization,forexample,hit

historicallyhighlevelsearlierthisyear,anditsjoblessrate(5.6%

inAugust)hasfallenbelowmostestimatesofthenaturalrateof

unemployment一theratebelowwhichinflationhastakenoffinthepast.

Whyhasinflationprovedsomild?Themostthrillingexplanation

is,unfortunately,alittledefective.Someeconomistsarguethat

powerfulstructuralchangesintheworldhaveup-endedtheoldeconomic

modelsthatwerebaseduponthehistoricallinkbetweengrowthand

inflation.

a

第16題:

7

Fromthepassagewelearnthat.

A.thereisadefiniterelationshipbetweeninflationandinterest

rates

B.economywillalwaysfollowcertainmodels

C.theeconomicsituationisbetterthanexpected

D.economistshadforeseenthepresenteconomicsituation

參考答案：C

答案解析：

第17題：

Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisTRUE?

A.Makingmonetarypoliciesiscomparabletodrivingacar.

B.Anextremelylowjoblessratewillleadtoinflation.

C.Ahighunemploymentratewillresultfrominflation.

D.Interestrateshaveanimmediateeffectontheeconomy.

參考答案：B

答案解析：

第18題：

Thesentence"Thisisnoflashinthepanv(line5,paragraph3)means

that.

A.thelowinflationratewilllastforsometime

B.theinflationratewillsoonrise

C.theinflationwilldisappearquickly

D.thereisnoinflationatpresent

參考答案：A

答案解析：

第19題：

Thepassageshowsthattheauthoristhepresentsituation.

A.criticalof

B.puzzledby

C.disappointedat

D.amazedat

參考答案：D

答案解析：

8

Insixteenth-centuryItalyandeighteenth-centuryFrance,waning

prosperityandincreasingsocialunrestledtherulingfamiliestotry

topreservetheirsuperioritybywithdrawingfromthelowerandmiddle

classesbehindbarriersofetiquette.Inaprosperouscommunity,onthe

otherhand,politesocietysoonabsorbsthenewlyrich,andinEngland

therehasneverbeenanyshortageofbooksonetiquetteforteachingthem

themannersappropriatetotheirnewwayoflife.

Everycodeofetiquettehascontainedthreeelements:basic

moralduties；practicalruleswhichpromoteefficiency；andartificial,

optionalgracessuchasformalcomplimentsto,say,womenontheirbeauty

orsuperiorsontheirgenerosityandimportance.

Inthefirstcategoryareconsiderationforweakandrespect

forage.AmongtheancientEgyptianstheyoungalwaysstoodinthepresence

ofolderpeople.AmongtheMponguweofTanzania,theyoungmenbowasthey

passthehutsoftheelders.InEngland,untilaboutacenturyago,young

childrendidnotsitintheirparents，presencewithoutaskingpermission.

Practicalrulesarehelpfulinsuchordinaryoccurrencesof

sociallifeasmakingproperintroductionsatpartiesofotherfunctions

sothatpeoplecanbebroughttoknoweachother.Beforetheinvention

ofthefork,etiquettedirectedthatthefingersshouldbekeptasclean

aspossible,beforethehandkerchiefcameintocommonuse,etiquette

suggestedthatafterspitting,apersonshouldrubthespit

inconspicuouslyunderfoot.

Extremelyrefinedbehavior,however,cultivatedasanartof

graciousliving,hasbeencharacteristiconlyofsocietieswithwealth

andleisure,whichadmittedwomenasthesocialequalsofmen.Afterthe

fallofRome,thefirstEuropeansocietytoregulatebehaviorinprivate

liftinaccordancewithacomplicatedcodeofetiquettewas

twelfth-centuryProvence,inFrance.

Provencehadbecomewealthy.Theloadshadreturnedtotheir

castlesfromthecrusades,andtheretheidealsofchivalrygrewup,which

emphasizedthevirtueandgentlenessofwomenanddemandedthataknight

shouldprofessapureanddedicatedlovetoaladywhowouldbehisvaliant

deeds,thoughhewouldnevercomephysicallyclosetoher.Thiswasthe

introductionoftheconceptofromanticlove,whichwastoinfluence

literatureformanyhundredsofyearsandwhichstilllivesoninadebased

forminsimplepopularsongsandcheapnovelstoday.(410words)

［聽(tīng)力原文］

9

社交禮儀

在16世紀(jì)的意大利和18世紀(jì)的法國(guó)，繁榮的日漸衰退和社會(huì)動(dòng)蕩的日益

加劇，使統(tǒng)治家族試圖通過(guò)禮儀這道屏障將自己與中下階層區(qū)分開(kāi)來(lái)，以保持其

自身優(yōu)勢(shì)。另一方面，在經(jīng)濟(jì)繁榮的社區(qū)，上流社會(huì)很快就接受了新的富人。在

英國(guó)，教授新貴們合適的禮儀以適應(yīng)新生活的這類書(shū)籍從來(lái)都不缺乏。

有關(guān)禮儀的每個(gè)準(zhǔn)則都包含三個(gè)因素：基本的道德責(zé)任，促進(jìn)效率提高的

實(shí)用規(guī)則，人為而任選的風(fēng)度。比如鄭重地稱贊婦女的美麗或勝于眾人的慷慨和

彳介｛6o

第一類是照顧弱者和尊敬長(zhǎng)者。在古代埃及人中，在長(zhǎng)者面前，年輕人必

須站著。在坦桑尼亞的龐古維人中，年輕人經(jīng)過(guò)長(zhǎng)者住的小茅屋時(shí)要鞠躬。約一

個(gè)世紀(jì)以前，英格蘭的小孩沒(méi)有得到父母的許可就不能當(dāng)著父母的面坐下。

實(shí)用規(guī)則在社會(huì)生活的一般場(chǎng)合是有用的，如在重大的聚會(huì)上正確地介紹

客人使他們互相認(rèn)識(shí)。在餐叉發(fā)明之前，社交禮儀要求人們盡可能地保持手指的

清潔；在手絹還未普遍使用之前，禮儀要求人們吐痰之后應(yīng)該悄悄地用鞋底擦去

痰跡。

然而，極端有教養(yǎng)的舉止，被視為優(yōu)雅生活方式的一門(mén)藝術(shù)來(lái)修煉，它一

直是富裕和悠閑社會(huì)獨(dú)有的特征。該社會(huì)還承認(rèn)婦女在社會(huì)地位上與男人平等。

羅馬帝國(guó)覆滅之后，歐洲第一個(gè)根據(jù)復(fù)雜的社交規(guī)則來(lái)規(guī)范個(gè)人舉止的社會(huì)是十

二世紀(jì)法國(guó)的普羅文斯地區(qū)。

隨著十字軍東征得到的金銀財(cái)寶被帶回城堡，普羅文斯變得富裕了。同時(shí),

騎士精神也日漸盛行。它強(qiáng)調(diào)婦女的美德和溫柔，并要求騎士向其愛(ài)慕的女士表

白自己純潔、忠貞不渝的愛(ài)情，盡管他可能永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)在肉體上接近她。由此引入

了浪漫主義愛(ài)情這一概念，這一概念影響了文學(xué)幾百年并且直到現(xiàn)在依然以通俗

的形式存在于簡(jiǎn)單的流行歌曲和簡(jiǎn)易小說(shuō)中。

B利用禮儀歧視下層階級(jí)。推理題，見(jiàn)第1句。A試圖用禮儀摧毀中下層階級(jí)。

C嘗試對(duì)中下層教禮儀。D把中層和工人階層用柵圍起（封閉）。3項(xiàng)文中皆無(wú)。

第20題:

Insixteenth-centuryItalyandeighteenth-centuryFrance,theruling

families______.

A.triedtodestroythelowerandmiddleclassesusingetiquette

B.discriminatedagainstthelowerclassusingetiquette

C.triedtoteachetiquettetothelowerandmiddleclasses

D.putthemiddleandworkingclassesintofencedenclosures

參考答案：B

答案解析：

第21題：

Everycodeofetiquettehascontainedthreeelements:.

A.practicalrules,optionalmoraldutiesandformalcompliments

B.formalcompliments,basicmoraldutiesandpracticalrule

C.optionalmoralduties,optionalpracticalrulesandartificial

graces

io

D.rules,regulationsandrequirements

參考答案：B

答案解析：

B正式的稱贊，基本道德責(zé)任及實(shí)用規(guī)則。推理性細(xì)節(jié)題見(jiàn)2段。其他各項(xiàng)明顯

與文不符。

第22題：

Thecustomofyoungmenbowingtoshowrespectwhenpassingthedwellings

oftheirelderswascitedasacharacteristicof.

A.theancientEgyptians

B.partsofTanzania

C.Englandaboutacenturyago

D.allsocieties

參考答案：B

答案解析：

B坦桑尼亞。細(xì)節(jié)題，見(jiàn)3段3句，其他皆是張冠李戴。

第23題：

Etiquettecultivatedasartofgraciousliving.

A.hasbeentypicalofrichandleisuredsocieties

B.advocatesthatwomenarethesameasmen

C.beganinnineteenth-centuryProvence

D.looksdownonextremelyrefinedbehaviour

參考答案：A

答案解析：

A一直是富裕和悠閑社會(huì)所特有的。細(xì)節(jié)題，見(jiàn)5段1句。B鼓吹女人和男人一

樣。C開(kāi)始于19世紀(jì)的普羅文斯。D看不起很優(yōu)雅的行為，皆與文非。

第24題：

Theidealsofchivalrydemandedthat.

A.aknightshouldneverhavephysicalrelationshipwithwomen

B.aknightshouldinspirehisladytovaliantdeeds

C.aknightshoulddedicatehisvaliantdeedstoawoman

D.romanticpeopleshouldinfluenceliterature

參考答案：C

答案解析：

C騎士應(yīng)為一女子奉獻(xiàn)他英勇的功績(jī)。推理題，見(jiàn)末段2句。A騎士永不能和女

人發(fā)生肉體關(guān)系。B騎士應(yīng)鼓勵(lì)他的女人做出英勇的功績(jī)。D浪漫人生應(yīng)影響文

學(xué)。此3項(xiàng)皆與文小符。

11

Byeducation,Imeantheinfluenceoftheenvironmentuponthe

individualtoproduceapermanentchangeinthehabitsofbehavior,of

thoughtandofattitude.Itisinbeingthussusceptibletotheenvironment

thatmandiffersfromtheanimals,andthehigheranimalsfromthelower.

Theloweranimalsareinfluencedbytheenvironmentbutnotinthe

directionofchangingtheirhabits.Theirinstinctiveresponsesarefew

andfixedbyheredity.Whentransferredtoanunnaturalsituation,such

ananimalisledastraybyitsinstincts.Thustheant-lionwhoseinstinct

impliesittoboreintoloosesandbypushingbackwardswithabdomen,goes

backwardsonaplateofglassassoonasdangerthreatens,andendeavors,

withtheutmostexertionstoboreintoit.Itknowsnoothermodeofflight

orifsuchalonelyanimalisengageduponachainofactionsandif

interruptediteithergoesonvainlywiththeremainingactions(as

uselessascultivatinganunsownfield)ordiesinhelplessinactivity.

Thusanet-makingspiderwhichdigsaburrowandrimsitwithabastion

ofgravelandbitsofwood,whenremovedfromahalffinishedhome,will

notbeginagain,thoughitwillcontinueanotherburrow,evenonemade

withapencil.

Advanceinthescaleofevolutionalongsuchlinesasthesecould

onlybemadebytheemergenceofcreatureswithmoreandmorecomplicated

instincts.Suchbeingsweknowintheantsandspiders.Butanotherline

ofadvancewasdestinedtoopenoutamuchmorefar-reachingpossibility

ofwhichwedonotseetheendperhapseveninman.Habits,insteadof

beingbornready-made(Whentheyarecalledinstinctsandnothabitsat

all)wereleftmoreandmoretotheformativeinfluenceoftheenvironment,

ofwhichthemostimportantfactorwastheparentwhonowcaredforthe

younganimalduringaperiodofinfancyinwhichvaguerinstinctsthan

thoseoftheinsectsweremoldedtosuitsurroundingswhichmightbe

considerablychangedwithoutharm.

Thismeans,onemightatfirstimagine,thatgraduallyheredity

becomeslessandenvironmentmoreimportant.Butthisishardlythetruth

andcertainlynotthewholetruth.Foralthoughfixedautomaticresponses

likethoseoftheinsect-likecreaturesarenolongerinherited,although

selectionforpurificationofthatsortisnolongergoingon,yet

selectionforeducabilityisverydefinitelystillofimportance.The

abilitytoacquirehabitscanconceivablyinheritjustasmuchascan

definiteresponsestonarrowsituations.Environmentandheredityarein

nocaseexclusivebutalwayssupplementaryfactors.(471words)

［聽(tīng)力原文］

12

環(huán)境與遺傳

所謂教育，我認(rèn)為就是環(huán)境對(duì)一個(gè)人產(chǎn)生影響從而使其在行為、思維和態(tài)

度上發(fā)生永久性變化。人之所以區(qū)別于動(dòng)物，高級(jí)動(dòng)物和低級(jí)動(dòng)物的區(qū)別就在于

此，即能接受環(huán)境的影響。低等動(dòng)物也受到環(huán)境的影響，但方向不是改變他們的

習(xí)慣。他們的本能反應(yīng)很少，而由遺傳固定，當(dāng)轉(zhuǎn)移到非自然的情況時(shí)，這種動(dòng)

物就由于其本能而迷失方向了。如獅蟻的本能是在松沙堆中用腹部后推挖洞，就

如把它放在一玻璃板上一旦遇險(xiǎn)，它也是以同樣方法后退，并盡全力挖洞。它不

知道其他逃跑模式，或者說(shuō)如果這樣一個(gè)孤獨(dú)的動(dòng)物碰上-連鎖行動(dòng)或受到阻礙

時(shí)它會(huì)用剩余的動(dòng)作（如毫無(wú)用處地挖未播種的土地）作無(wú)謂的掙扎，或是無(wú)助

地等待死亡。又如一個(gè)織網(wǎng)的蜘蛛筑巢，用砂礫和一些木屑作堡，一旦離開(kāi)半修

成的家，它不會(huì)再開(kāi)始，但是它會(huì)繼續(xù)筑另外一個(gè)巢，哪怕是用鉛筆來(lái)搭成的。

沿著這種生物方向在進(jìn)化階梯上的前進(jìn)只能在具有越來(lái)越復(fù)雜的本能的

生物處于緊急情況才能完成。在螞蟻和蜘蛛身上我們看到這種情況。但是前進(jìn)的

另一個(gè)方向是注定會(huì)開(kāi)辟另外一種有極其遠(yuǎn)大前景的可能性，關(guān)于這種可能性甚

至在人身上也可能看不到盡頭。習(xí)慣，而不是生來(lái)就有現(xiàn)成的（叫做本能完全不

是習(xí)慣），是有許多要靠環(huán)境對(duì)性格形成的影響，其中最重要的因素是在嬰兒期

照看年幼動(dòng)物的雙親。在這個(gè)階段會(huì)塑造出比昆蟲(chóng)模糊的本能來(lái)適應(yīng)可能會(huì)有很

大變化的環(huán)境，且不受損害。

人們會(huì)首先想象，這意味著漸漸地遺傳作用變小，而環(huán)境作用變得重要。

但這未必真實(shí)?？隙ú皇侨空鎸?shí)。因?yàn)殡m然像昆蟲(chóng)類的生物那種固定的自動(dòng)反

應(yīng)不再是遺傳的，雖然那種為了純化的選擇不再進(jìn)行，但那種為了可教育性的選

擇仍然非常肯定很重要。可想象出獲得習(xí)慣的能力也能像對(duì)具體環(huán)境一定的反應(yīng)

能力一樣繼承。環(huán)境和遺傳絕不是互相排斥而總是相互補(bǔ)充的因素。

B環(huán)境和遺傳。主旨題。從全篇文章尤其是最后一句都明確表現(xiàn)出文章的這一主

題。A昆蟲(chóng)的進(jìn)化。C教育：環(huán)境的影響。D動(dòng)物的本能。文中雖提到，但不宜

作標(biāo)題。

第25題：

Whichofthefollowingisthemostsuitabletitleforthepassage?

A.TheEvolutionofInsects.

B.EnvironmentandHeredity.

C.Education:TheInfluenceoftheEnvironment.

D.TheInstinctsofAnimals.

參考答案：B

答案解析：

第26題：

Whatcanbeinferredfromtheexampleoftheant-lioninthefirst

paragraph?

A.Instinctsofanimalscanleadtounreasonablereactionsofanimals

inastrangesituation.

B.whenitisengagedinachainactionsitcannotbeinterrupted.

C.Environmentandheredityaretwosupplementaryfactorsinthe

13

evolutionofinsects.

D.Alongthelinesofevolutionhereditybecomeslessandenvironment

moreimportant.

參考答案：A

答案解析：

A動(dòng)物的本能可導(dǎo)致它在陌生環(huán)境的難以理解的反應(yīng)。是推理題。第一段提到獅

蟻往往會(huì)做出讓人不可思議的舉動(dòng)。B當(dāng)它參與連鎖行動(dòng)時(shí)它不能受到干擾。C

環(huán)境和遺傳在昆蟲(chóng)進(jìn)化中是兩個(gè)補(bǔ)充因素。D沿著進(jìn)化方向遺傳作用變小環(huán)境變

得更為重要，皆與文不符。

第27題：

Basedontheexampleprovidedinthepassage,wecantellthatwhenaspider

isremovedtoanewpositionwherehalfofanethasbeenmade,itwill

probab1y______.

A.beginacompletelynet

B.destroythehalf-madenet

C.spintherestofthenet

D.stayawayfromthenet

參考答案：C

答案解析：

C織剩余的網(wǎng)。是邏輯推理題。從第一段最后一句可推出此答案。A開(kāi)始織完整

的網(wǎng)。B破壞完成一半的網(wǎng)。D離開(kāi)這個(gè)網(wǎng)，皆不對(duì)題。

第28題：

Whichofthefollowingistrueabouthabitsaccordingtothepassage?

A.Theyarenaturalendowmentstolivingcreatures.

B.Theyaremoreimportantthaninstinctstoallanimals.

C.Theyaresubjecttotheformativeinfluenceoftheenvironment.

D.Theyaredestinedtoopenoutamuchmorefar-reachingpossibility

possibilityintheevolutionofhumanbeings.

參考答案：C

答案解析：

C他們受到環(huán)境的可形成性格的影響，推理題?？蓮亩巫詈笠痪鋵?duì)習(xí)慣的描述

推出。A他們是生物的自然天賦。B他們對(duì)所有的動(dòng)物都比本能更為重要。D他

們注定會(huì)在人類的進(jìn)化中開(kāi)闊有極其遠(yuǎn)大前景的可能性。

第29題：

Whatdoestheword“education”inthefirstparagraphmean?

A.Susceptibilitytotheenvironment.

B.Advanceinthescaleofevolution.

C.Complicatedinstinctsofanimals.

14

D.Formativeinfluenceoftheenvironment.

參考答案：D

答案解析：

D環(huán)境對(duì)性格形成的影響。詞義理解題?？蓮氖锥我痪鋵?duì)教育的定義看出，即外

部環(huán)境對(duì)于生物習(xí)性變化的影響。A對(duì)環(huán)境的感受能力。B在進(jìn)化階梯上的前進(jìn)。

C動(dòng)物的復(fù)雜的本能。

Humanshavedestroyedmorethan30percentofthenaturalworldsince

1970withseriousdepletionoftheforest,freshwater,andmarine

ecosystemsonwhichlifedepends.Consumptionpressurefromincreasing

affluencehasdoubledinthepast25yearsandcontinuestoaccelerate,

accordingtoagroundbreakingreportfromtheWorldWideFundforNature

(WWF),theNewEconomicsFoundation,andtheWorldConservation

MonitoringCenteratCambridge.

The“LivingPlanetReportvsaysthattheaccelerationin

environmentaldestructionshowsthatpoliticianswhohavebeenpayinglip

servicetopromoteit."Timeisrunningoutforustochangethewaywe

liveifwearetoleavefuturegenerationsalivingplanet,vcommentsNick

Mabey,WWF'seconomicpolicyofficer."Weknewitwasbad,butuntilwe

didthisreport,wedidnotrealizehowbad.”

Oneofthemostseriousproblemswhoseextentisrevealedfor

thefirsttimeisthedepletionoffreshwaterresources,withhalfofthe

accessiblesuppliesbeingusedbyhumansdoubletheamountin1960.The

rateofdeclineoffreshwaterecosystemsisrunningat6percentayear,

threateningtodryupmanywetlandsandpushthespeciesofthosehabitats

toextinction.Thereportsaysthatgovernmentsshouldincreasethe

efficiencyoftheirwateruseandstopwastefulirrigationschemes.

Carbondioxideemissionshavedoubledinthesameperiodand,

beingfarinexcessofthenaturalworld，sabilitytoabsorbthem,are

acceleratingglobalwarming.Globalconsumptionofwoodandpaperhas

increasedbytwothirds,andmostforestsaremanagedunsustainably.

Duringthepast38years,marine-fishconsumptionhasmorethandoubled,

andmostoftheworld，sfishresourcesareeitherfullyexploredorin

decline.

Althoughreportsaysthatagrowingpopulationispartofthe

problem,increasedconsumptionhasbeenthemainproblem.Theaverage

consumes10timesasmuchoftheaverageBangladeshi.JapanandBangladesh

havethesamepopulationsbuthaveavastlydifferenteffecton

ecosystems.

TheaverageNorthAmericanconsumesfivetimesasmuchasan

African.However,intotal,AsiatakesmoreoftheEarth，sresources

becausethereare3.2billionAsianscomparedwithonlyabout300million

NorthAmericans.

15

ThepeopleoftheUS,andSingaporeares