Shakespeare莎士比亞文學作品介紹(英文)

Shakespeare莎士比亞文學作品介紹(英文)第一頁，共46頁。154sonnets十四行詩2longpoems37playsTragediesComediesHistoryplays

Tragi-comediesShakespeare’sWorks第二頁，共46頁。HISTRAGEDIESamongthemostpowerfulstudiesofhumannatureinallliteratureappropriatelyasthegreatestachievementsofhisdramaticartistryhisunforgettabletragiccharacters,suchasRomeoandJuliet,Hamlet,Othello,KingLear,andMacbeth第三頁，共46頁。FourGreatTragediesHamlet(1601)

哈姆雷特Othello(1604)

奧賽羅KingLear(1605)

李爾王Macbeth(1606)麥克白第四頁，共46頁。HISCOMEDIESHiscomediescelebratehumansociallifeevenastheyexposehumanfolly（stupid）.Bymeansthataresometimeshumiliating（degrade）,evenpainful,characterslearngreaterwisdomandemergewithaclearerviewofreality.

Tragediesbeginhappilyandendinmisery.Comedies,ontheotherhand,begininmiseryandendhappily.第五頁，共46頁。Well-knownComediesTheMerchantofVenice威尼斯商人AMidsummerNight’sDream仲夏夜之夢TwelfthNight第十二夜AsYouLikeIt皆大歡喜All’sWellThatEndsWell終成眷屬MuchAdoaboutNothing無事生非第六頁，共46頁。Histories2HenryVI3HenryVI1HenryVIRichardIIIRichardIIKingJohn1HenryIV2HenryIV

HenryVHenryVIII第七頁，共46頁。HisHistoryPlaysHistoryplays（sometimesknownaschronicleplays

）----ahighlypopularformofdramainShakespeare’stime.第八頁，共46頁。Shakespeare’sPoetryPoetryVenusandAdonisTheRapeofLucreceSonnets`ALover'sComplaint'ThePassionatePilgrimThePhoenixandTheTurtle第九頁，共46頁。

Shakespearewrotein“EarlyModernEnglish.”EMEwasnotverydifferentfrom“ModernEnglish,”Shakespeare’sLanguage第十頁，共46頁。

AmixofoldandverynewRuralandurbanwords/imagesUnderstandablebythelowestpeasantandthehighestnobleShakespeare’sLanguageThou=you(主格）Thy=your（物主代詞）Thee=you（賓格）第十一頁，共46頁。Warming-upMatchthemeaningwiththequotationandtheplay.第十二頁，共46頁?！癢ords,words,onlywords,nomatterfromtheheart”Meaning:Emptywords,notrealthoughtsorideasfromtheheart.TroilusandCressida空話,空話,只是空話,沒有一點發(fā)自內心.第十三頁，共46頁。Romeo,Romeo,whyareyouRomeo?Denyyourfather,andrefuseyourname…羅密歐,羅密歐,你為什么是羅密歐?否定你的父親放棄你的姓氏.RomeoandJulietVersionInmodernEnglish第十四頁，共46頁?！癗eitheraborrowernoralenderbe”

Meaning:Itisbestnottolend(money)toothersandnottoborrowfromothers.Whenwelendsth,werisklosingboththethingwelendandthefriendshipwiththeotherperson.Hamlet別借債,莫放債.第十五頁，共46頁。Uneasyliestheheadthatwearsacrown.

Meaning:Apersonwhohasgreatresponsibility,suchasaking,isconstantlyworriedandthereforedoesn’tsleepsoundly.頭戴王冠,寢食不安.第十六頁，共46頁?！癟obeornottobe:thatisthequestion”Meaning:Thatisaquestionwhethertoliveoninthisworldortodie,thatis,totakeactionortodonothing.Hamlet生存還是毀滅,這是個問題.第十七頁，共46頁。

/shakespeare/index.htmlAlltheworld'saStage(fromAsYouLikeIt))Alltheworld'sastage,Andallthemenandwomenmerelyplayers:Theyhavetheirexitsandtheirentrances;Andonemaninhistimeplaysmanyparts,Hisactsbeingsevenages.全世界是個舞臺，男男女女只是演員而已，他們都有其退場和登場，人生在世扮演著多種角色，它的表演有七個時期。第十八頁，共46頁?！癓ife’sbutawalkingshadow;apoorplayer,Thatstrutsandfretshishouruponthestage,Andisheardofnomore:itisataleToldbyanidiot,fullofsoundandfury,Signifyingnothing.” -MacbethActV;s.5人生不過是一個行走的影子，一個在舞臺上指手劃腳的笨拙的憐人，登場片刻，便在無聲無息中悄然退去，這是一個愚人所講的故事，充滿了喧嘩和騷動，卻一無所指?！尔溈税住返谑彭摚?6頁。InfluenceShakespeare’sworkhasmadealastingimpressiononlatertheatreandliterature.HiswritingiswidelyregardedasoneofthethreemainsourcesoftheEnglishliterature,whiletheothertwoareGreekandRomanmythsandtheBible.InShakespeare’sday,Englishgrammarandspellingwerelessstandardisedthantheyarenow,andhisuseoflanguagehelpedshapemodernEnglish.第二十頁，共46頁。BenJonsondedicated（devoted）

apoeminpraiseofShakespeare我的莎士比亞，起來吧。我不想把你安置在喬叟、斯賓塞的身旁，或者叫波蒙特躺過去一點，給你讓出些地方。即使沒有墓，你也是一塊豐碑，你仍然活著，只要你的書還在，只要我們會讀書，我們會說出贊詞?！院腊?，我的不列顛，你拿的出一個人，歐洲所有劇壇都向他致敬。他不只屬于一個時代，而是屬于永遠。

第二十一頁，共46頁。TheCostofaShow1shillingtostand2shillingstositinthebalcony1shillingwas10%oftheirweeklyincome第二十二頁，共46頁。ActorsOnlymenandboysYoungboyswhosevoiceshadnotchangedplaywomen’srolesWouldhavebeenconsideredindecentforawomantoappearonstageCostumeswereoftenthecompany’smostvaluableassetCostumesweremadebythecompany,boughtinLondon,ordonatedbycourtiers第二十三頁，共46頁。TheGlobeTheaterTheevidencesuggeststhatitwasathree-storey,open-airamphitheatreapproximately100

feet(30

m)indiameterthatcouldhouseupto3,000

spectators.

第二十四頁，共46頁。TheGlobeTheatre–Shakespeare’sMostSuccessfulFinancialVentureCalledthe“WoodenO”becauseofitseightsidedshape.Stayedinbusinessbecauseofthefavoroftheroyaltyofthetime第二十五頁，共46頁。--Softyounow!

ThefairOphelia!Nymph,inthy(your)orisons

Beallmysinsremember'd.---Hamlet且慢！美麗的奧菲利婭！——女神，在你的祈禱之中，不要忘記替我懺悔我的罪孽。第二十六頁，共46頁。Hamlet

ThePrinceofDenmark,thetitlecharacter,andtheprotagonist.Aboutthirtyyearsoldatthestartoftheplay,thesonofQueenGertrudeandthelateKingHamlet,thenephewofthepresentking,Claudius.第二十七頁，共46頁。Hamlet’ssoliloquyForsuchafigureasHamlet,soliloquyisanaturalmedium,anecessaryreleaseofhisanguish;andsomeofhisquestioningmonologuespossesssurpassingpowerandinsight,whichhavesurvivedcenturiesofbeingtornfromtheircontext.第二十八頁，共46頁。HowmanysoliloquiesdoesHamletdeliver?

Hamlethas

sevenmajorsoliloquies:"Othatthistootoosulliedfleshwouldmelt"(1.2.129-159)

"Oallyouhostofheaven!Oearth!whatelse?"(1.5.92-111)

"OwhatarogueandpeasantslaveamI!"(2.2.549-607)

"Tobe,ornottobe,thatisthequestion"(3.1.56-89)

"Tisnowtheverywitchingtimeofnight"(3.3.380-392)

"NowmightIdoitpat,nowa'isa-praying"(3.3.73-96)

"Howalloccasionsdoinformagainstme"(4.4.32-66)第二十九頁，共46頁。Tobe,ornottobe:thatisthequestion:

Whether’tisnoblerinthemindtosuffer

Theslingsandarrowsofoutrageousfortune

Ortotakearmsagainstaseaoftroubles,

Andbyopposingendthem?—Todie,—tosleep,—

Nomore;andbyasleeptosayweend

Theheartache,andthethousandnaturalshocks

Thatfleshisheirto,—’tisaconsummation

Devoutlytobewish’d.Todie,—tosleep;—

Hamlet’ssoliloquy生存還是毀滅，這是一個值得考慮的問題；默然忍受命運的暴虐的毒箭，或是挺身反抗人世的無涯的苦難，通過斗爭把它們掃清，這兩種行為，哪一種更高貴？死了；睡著了；什么都完了；要是在這一種睡眠之中，我們心頭的創(chuàng)痛，以及其他無數(shù)血肉之軀所不能避免的打擊，都可以從此消失，那正是我們求之不得的結局。第三十頁，共46頁。Tosleep:perchancetodream:—ay,there’stherub;

Forinthatsleepofdeathwhatdreamsmaycome,

Whenwehaveshuffledoffthismortalcoil,

Mustgiveuspause:there’stherespect

Thatmakescalamityofsolonglife;

Forwhowouldbearthewhipsandscornsoftime,

Theoppressor’swrong,theproudman’scontumely,

Thepangsofdespis’dlove,thelaw’sdelay,

Theinsolenceofoffice,andthespurns

Thatpatientmeritoftheunworthytakes,

Whenhehimselfmighthisquietusmake

Withabarebodkin?...睡著了也許還會做夢；嗯，阻礙就在這兒：因為當我們擺脫了這一具朽腐的皮囊以后，在那死的睡眠里，究竟將要做些什么夢，那不能不使我們躊躇顧慮。人們甘心久困于患難之中，也就是為了這個緣故；誰愿意忍受人世的鞭撻和譏嘲、壓迫者的凌辱、傲慢者的冷眼、被輕蔑的愛情的慘痛、法律的遷延、官吏的橫暴和費盡辛勤所換來的小人的鄙視，要是他只要一柄小小的刀子，就可以清算他自己的一生。第三十一頁，共46頁。Withabarebodkin?

whowouldthesefardelsbear,

Togruntandsweatunderawearylife,

Butthatthedreadofsomethingafterdeath,—

Theundiscover’dcountry,fromwhosebourn

Notravellerreturns,—puzzlesthewill,

Andmakesusratherbearthoseillswehave

Thanflytoothersthatweknownotof?誰愿意負著這樣的重擔，在煩勞的生命的壓迫下呻吟流汗，倘不是因為懼怕不可知的死后，懼怕那從來不曾有一個旅人回來過的神秘之國，是它迷惑了我們的意志，使我們寧愿忍受目前的磨折，不敢向我們所不知道的痛苦飛去？第三十二頁，共46頁。Thusconsciencedoesmakecowardsofusall;

Andthusthenativehueofresolution

Issickliedo’erwiththepalecastofthought;

Andenterprisesofgreatpithandmoment,

Withthisregard,theircurrentsturnawry,

Andlosethenameofaction.這樣，重重的顧慮使我們全變成了懦夫，決心的赤熱的光彩，被審慎的思維蓋上了一層灰色，偉大的事業(yè)在這一種考慮之下，也會逆流而退，失去了行動的意義。第三十三頁，共46頁。Hamlet’ssoliloquyMainIdea:Thisisaninternalphilosophicaldebateontheadvantagesanddisadvantagesofexistence,andwhetheritisone‘srighttoendhisorherownlife.Itpresentsamostlogicalandpowerfulexaminationofthethemeofthemorallegitimacy（lawfulness

）ofsuicideinanunbearablypainfulworld.第三十四頁，共46頁。Tobe,ornottobe:thatisthequestion:

thekeysentencedilemmaoftryingtodeterminethemeaningoflifeanddeath

sufferthelifepassivelytoendone’ssufferingsactively?TobeToliveandnottotakeactionNottobeTotakeactionanddieWhichisnobler?第三十五頁，共46頁。Tobe----tolivesufferthelifepassivelythewhipsandscornsoftimetheoppressor’swrongpangsofdespis’dlovethelaw’sdelayinsolenceofoffice…Nottobe----todieseektoendone’ssufferingsactivelybringhimselfpeacewithaknife–easy!But--Unknowndreamsinthedeath-sleepNobodycomesbackfromtheunknownlandtotellabouttheirafterlife“thedreadofsomethingafterdeath”makespeoplesubmittothesufferingoftheirlivesratherthangotoanotherstateofexistencewhichmightbeevenmoremiserable.

Painsalreadyknown第三十六頁，共46頁。Hamlet’sthemeTreachery（betrayal）revengeincestmoralcorruption第三十七頁，共46頁。Hamlet’scharactermelancholy,bitter,andcynical,fullofhatredforhisuncle’sscheminganddisgustforhismother’ssexuality.AreflectiveandthoughtfulyoungmanwhohasstudiedattheUniversityofWittenberg,oftenindecisiveandhesitant,butatothertimespronetorashandimpulsiveacts.第三十八頁，共46頁。RomeoandJuliet第三十九頁，共46頁。RomeoandJulietThoughatragedy,thereisnotinge(hint)ofpessimismintheplay.Itisasongofyouthandtruelove.

第四十頁，共46頁。SettingofRomeoandJulietTheplayismainlysetinthethirteenthorfourteenthcenturyinItalyinVerona.MuchoftheactiontakesplaceinJuliet'shouse.TheCapuletsandtheMontagues,themainfamiliesoftheplay,arefromnoblelineage（家族）

andwealth;theydresswell,liveinfancysurrou