高考英語新題型“概要寫作”

《普通高等學(xué)校招生全國統(tǒng)一考試英語科考試說明》概要寫作：提供一篇350詞以內(nèi)的短文，要求考生基于該短文寫出一篇60詞左右的內(nèi)容概要。（滿分25分）詞數(shù)少于40的和多余80的，從總分中減去2分評分原1、本題總分為25分，按5個(gè)檔次給分。2、評分時(shí)，先根據(jù)所寫概要的內(nèi)容和語言初步確定其所屬檔次，然后以該檔次的要求來衡量、確定或調(diào)整檔次，最后給分。3、詞數(shù)少于40的和多于80的，從總分中減去2分。評分時(shí)，應(yīng)主要從以下四個(gè)方面考慮：

(1)對原文要點(diǎn)的理解和呈現(xiàn)情況； (2)應(yīng)用語法結(jié)構(gòu)和詞匯的準(zhǔn)確性； (3)上下文的連貫性； (4)對各要點(diǎn)表達(dá)的獨(dú)立性情況；Narration（記敘文）Exposition（說明文）FormsofLiteratureArgumentation(議論文）1.確定文體thetypesofthepassageArgumentation(議論文）TopicSupportingideasConclusion概要寫作（滿分25分）

閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容寫一篇60詞左右的內(nèi)容概要。(Para1)Gettingridofdirt,intheopinionofmostpeople,isagoodthing.However,

thereisnothingfixedaboutattitudestodirt.(Para2)Intheearly16thcentury,peoplethoughtthatdirtontheskinwasameanstoblockoutdisease,asmedicalopinionhaditthatwashingoffdirtwithhotwatercouldopenuptheskinandletillsin.Aparticulardanger

wasthoughttolieinpublicbaths.By1538,theFrenchkinghadclosedthebathhousesinhiskingdom.So

didthekingofEnglandin1546.ThusbeganalongtimewhentherichandthepoorinEuropelivedwithdirt

inafriendlyway.HenryIV,KingofFrance,wasfamouslydirty.Uponlearningthatanoblemanhadtakena

bath,thekingorderedthat,toavoidtheattackofdisease,thenoblemanshouldnotgoout.

(Para3)Thoughthebeliefinthemeritofdirtwaslong-lived,dirthasnolongerbeenregardedasaniceneighbor

eversincethe18thcentury.Scientificallyspeaking,cleaningawaydirtisgoodtohealth.Cleanwatersupplyandhandwashingarepracticalmeansofpreventingdisease.Yet,itseemsthatstandardsofcleanlinesshave

movedbeyondsciencesinceWorldWarⅡ.Advertisementsrepeatedlyselltheidea;clothesneedtobewhiterthanwhite,clothseversofter,surfacestoshine.Hasthehatefordirt,however,gonetoofar?

(Para4)Attitudestodirtstilldifferhugelynowadays.Manyfirst-timeparentsnervouslytrytowarntheirchildrenofftouchingdirt,whichmightberesponsibleforthespreadofdisease.Onthecontrary,MaryRuebush,an

Americanimmunologist(免疫學(xué)家),encourageschildrentoplayinthedirttobuildupastrongimmune

system.Andthelatterpositionisgainingsomeground.ThereisnothingfixedaboutattitudestodirtStep1:Read①topicsentence:②structure③supportingideasFindoutthetopicsentenceofeachparagraphthink,believe,consider,regard,argue,support,beconvincedthat,inone’sopinion,fromone’spointofviewYoumayneedtopayattentiontosomewordslike:

Para2:Intheearly16thcentury,peoplethoughtthatdirtontheskinwasameanstoblockoutdisease,asmedicalopinionhaditthatwashingoffdirtwithhotwatercouldopenuptheskinandletillsin.Aparticulardanger

wasthoughttolieinpublicbaths.By1538,theFrenchkinghadclosedthebathhousesinhiskingdom.So

didthekingofEnglandin1546.ThusbeganalongtimewhentherichandthepoorinEuropelivedwithdirt

inafriendlyway.HenryIV,KingofFrance,wasfamouslydirty.Uponlearningthatanoblemanhadtakena

bath,thekingorderedthat,toavoidtheattackofdisease,thenoblemanshouldnotgoout.

ExamplesofsomeEuropeancountries(Para3)Thoughthebeliefinthemeritofdirtwaslong-lived,dirthasnolongerbeenregardedasaniceneighbor

eversincethe18thcentury.Scientificallyspeaking,cleaningawaydirtisgoodtohealth.Cleanwatersupplyandhandwashingarepracticalmeansofpreventingdisease.Yet,itseemsthatstandardsofcleanlinesshave

movedbeyondsciencesinceWorldWarⅡ.Advertisementsrepeatedlyselltheidea;clothesneedtobewhiterthanwhite,clothseversofter,surfacestoshine.Hasthehatefordirt,however,gonetoofar?

(Para4)Attitudestodirtstilldifferhugelynowadays.Manyfirst-timeparentsnervouslytrytowarntheirchildrenofftouchingdirt,whichmightberesponsibleforthespreadofdisease.Onthecontrary,MaryRuebush,an

Americanimmunologist(免疫學(xué)家),encourageschildrentoplayinthedirttobuildupastrongimmune

system.Andthelatterpositionisgainingsomeground.Step2:Makeanoutline

Inthe16thcenturysince18thcenturyPeoplethoughtthatdirtontheskinwasameanstoblockoutdisease…h(huán)asnolongerbeenregardedas…cleaningawaydirtisgoodtohealth…encourageschildrentoplayinthedirttobuildupastrongimmune

system

Step3:Rewritethesentencesinotherways

①Thereisnothingfixedaboutattitudestodirt.different,mixed,various反義轉(zhuǎn)換opinions,views,ideas同義詞替換▲People’sattitudestodirtvaryindifferenttimes.towards句型轉(zhuǎn)換▲Peopleholddifferentopinionstowardsdirtovertime.

▲Theattitudestodirtisnotalwaysthesame.②Intheearly16thcentury,peoplethoughtthatdirtontheskinwasameanstoblockoutdisease.Haveatry!②Intheearly16thcentury,peoplethoughtthatdirtontheskinwasameanstoblockoutdisease.think:believe,hold,consider,insist,argue,areconvinced….同義詞替換blockoutdisease:prevent/protect/keepaway…fromillness;Onepossibleversion:②Inthe16thcentury,peoplebelievedthatdirtprotectedpeoplefromgettingill.③….dirthasnolongerbeenregardedasaniceneighboreversincethe18thcentury.Scientificallyspeaking,cleaningawaydirtisgoodtohealth.washoff,getridofbenefits,isbeneficialto,doesgoodto,contributesto…Onepossibleversion:③Peoplebegantochangetheirattitudestodirtabout200yearsago.Peoplehavebeentoldthatwashingdirtoffourbodycankeepushealthy.④Nowadays,…encouragespeopletoplayinthedirttobuildupastrongimmune

system.④Onepossibleversion:Nowadays,somescientistsbelievethatexposuretosomedirtmayhelpourimmunesystem.Peopleareencouragedto…語態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)換beexposedto..believe,support,agree,approve….①Peopleholdmixedopinions

towardsdirtonourskin.②Inthe16thcentury,peopleofsomeEuropeancountries,suchasFrance,believedthatdirtprotectedpeoplefromgettingill.③Peoplebegantochangetheirattitudestodirtmorethan200yearsago.Theyhavebeentoldthatwashingdirtoffourbodycankeepushealthy.④Nowadays,somescientistsbelievethatexposuretosomedirtmayhelpourimmunesystem.However,Nevertheless/But/however③people

AddtwolinkingwordstomakethepassagecoherentStep4:Makethesummarycoherent④nowadays,

Step5:Revise(67words)Peopleholdmixedopinions

towardsdirtonourskin.Inthe16thcentury,peopleofsomeEuropeancountriesbelievedthatdirtprotectedpeoplefromgettingill.However,peoplebegantochangetheirattitudestodirtabout200yearsago.Theyhavebeentoldthatwashingdirtoffourbodycankeepushealthy.Butnowadays,somescientistsbelievethatexposuretosomedirtmayhelpourimmunesystem.4“C”:complete,correct,concise,coherentHowtowriteasummary(argumentation)1.Read2.Makeanoutline

3.Rewrite4.Makeitcoherent5.Revise6.neatlycopy-Topic,structure,keysupportingsentencesHomeworkFinishthesummarywritingofthefollowingPassage閱讀短文，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容寫一篇60詞左右的內(nèi)容概要。

Gettingupearlyhasbeenregardedasagoodhabitsinceancienttimes.Manyyearsago,peoplethoughtthatifwewenttobedearlyandgetupearly,wewouldbeenergetic(充滿活力的)thewholeday.So,gettingupearlyisofgreatimportancetousall.Infact,morningisthebesttimeofaday.Inthemorning,theairisthefreshestandpeopleareusuallyinthebestconditions(條件).Manyofusmayhavetheexperiencesthatwememorizesomethingsmorequicklyandaccuratelyinthemorningthananyothertimeoftheday.Gettingupearlyinthemorningisagoodhabitandveryimportant,becauseinthemor