2021年江蘇省高考英語沖刺試卷（一）（附答案詳解）

2021年江蘇省高考英語沖刺試卷（一）

一、閱讀理解（本大題共15小題，共37.5分）

A

WhattowatchMonday

Enjoyspokenwordperformances,comedyandmusicallinthesamenightduringaspecial

performancefromtheseriesOutpost.Thefeaturedartistswillpresentacombinationofnew

andexistingworks.Ticketsare$15.

When8：30p.m.

Wherethegreatnorthern

Wednesday

LearnabouttheworldofinsectsfromJessicaWare,acurator（館長(zhǎng)）ofthezoologyatthe

AmericanMuseumofNaturalHistory.InalivepresentationfromtheCaliforniaAcademyof

Sciences,Dr.Warewilltalkaboutthelifecycleandimportanceofvariousinsectsandanswer

questionsfromviewers.Thiseventisfree.

When1p.m.

Where/academy-breakfast-club-livestreamed

Saturday

TuneintoaconversationbetweenAnnaNorthandEsmeWeijunWanghostedbyGreenApple

BooksinSanFrancisco.ThetwowriterswilldiscussMs.North'slatestnovel,"Outlawed,"

whichtellsthestoryofabandoflawbreakerswhosetouttocreateasafeshelterforabandoned

women.Thiseventisfree,andattendanceiscappedat500.

When9p.m.

Where/event/virtual-event-anna-north-and-esme-weijun-wang

Sunday

MaketheperfectNewYorksliceinapizza-makingclassfromScofsPizzaTours,aNew

York-basedrestauranttourcompany.ScottWiener,thecompany'sfounderandamonthly

columnistforPizzaTodaywhoholdstheGuinnessWorldRecordforthelargestcollectionof

pizzaboxes,willhosttheinteractiveclass.Ticketscost$35.

When1p.m.

Where/pizza-making-classes

1.Whichofthefollowingeventslimitsthenumberofviewers?

A.Acomedy.B.Abookreview.

C.Alectureaboutbiology.D.Apizza-makingclass.

2.WhatdoweknowaboutPizzaToday?

A.Itisakindofpizzabox.

B.Itisatourcompany.

C.ItisaGuinnessworldrecord.

D.Itisamagazineaboutpizza.

3.Wherecanyouwatchtheseeventsifyouareinterestedinthem?

A.OntheInternet.B.Inamusichall.

C.InSanFrancisco.D.AttheAmericanMuseum.

B

Oursensesbythemselvesarestupid.Theytakeinexperience,buttheyneedtherichnessof

sifting（篩查）forawhilethroughourthoughtandthroughourwholebodies.Icallthis

"composting（堆月巴）Ourbodiesaregarbagepiles：wecollectexperience,andfromthe

breakdownofthethrown-outeggshells,vegetableleavesandoldsteakbonesofourminds

comenitrogen,heat,andveryfertile（月巴沃的）soil.Outofthisfertilesoilcomeourpoemsand

stories.Butthisdoesnotcomeallatonce.Ittakestime.

OftenIwillthinkaboutwhatIwanttowritemanytimesinmymind.Forinstance,youcanlook

inmynotebooksfromAugustthroughDecember1983andseethatIattemptedseveraltimesa

monthtowriteaboutmyfatherdying.Iwasexploringandcompostingvariousmaterials.Then

suddenly,andIcan'tsayhow,inDecemberIsatmotionlessatarestaurantinMinneapolisanda

longpoemaboutthatsubjectpouredoutofme.AllthedisparatethingsIhadtosaybecame

combinedwithenergyandunity-abrightredflowershotoutofthecompost.Ultimately,after

muchcomposting,youareinlinewiththestarsorthemomentorthedining-roomchandelier

aboveyourhead,andyourbodyopensandspeaks.

Understandingthisprocessdevelopspatienceandproduceslessanxiety.Wearen'trunning

everything,noteventhewritingwedo.Atthesametime,wemustkeeppracticing.Itisnotan

excusetonotwriteandsitonthesofaeatingcandies.Wemustcontinuetoworkthecompost

pile,enrichingitandmakingitfertilesothatsomethingbeautifulmayemergeandsothatour

writingmusclesareingoodshapetoridetheuniversewhenitmovesthroughus.

4.Whatdoweknowaboutthe"composting"fromthefirstparagraph?

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A.Itlookslikegarbagepiles.

B.Ittakestimetogainexperience.

C.Itconflictswithourstupidsenses.

D.Itprovidesrichmaterialsforwriting.

5.Whatdoestheauthorwanttoillustratebygivinganexample?

A.Childrenshouldlovetheirfathers.

B.Goodwritingresultsfromgoodthinking.

C.Arestaurantisagoodplaceforthinking.

D.Thecompostishighlybeneficialtoflowers.

6.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"disparate'1inParagraph2probablymean?

A.Different.B.Pleasant.C.Strange.D.Identical.

7.Whatdoesthelastparagraphsuggest?

A.Writingisjustlikedoingbusiness.

B.Writingcanrelieveanxietyandstress.

C.Practicestrengthenswritingmuscles.

D.Compostinghelpsusknowuniverse.

c

Paststudieshavefoundthatyoungstersarelessgoodatidentifyingroaddangersthanadults,

butAnatMeirwantedtodiscoverexactlywhichbehaviorsleadtoaccidents,withthegoalof

findingwaystocorrectthem.

In2013Meirsimulated（模擬）18typicalstreetsandusedaneye-trackingdevicetostudyhow

46adultsandchildrenevaluatedwhenitwassafetocross.Childrenagedseventonine

exhibitedtheleastcautionwhencrossing,typicallydecidingtostepintothevirtualroadwith

littleornohesitation,evenwhentheirfieldofvisionwasrestricted.Theolderchildrendidnot

performmuchbetter,thoughfordifferentreasons.Theyoftenstayedonthecurb（路緣）foran

excessiveamountoftime-anindicationthattheyarelessabletodistinguishbetweensafeand

dangeroussituationsthanadults-andininterviewsdidnotexpressanunderstandingofhow

factorssuchascarspeedandfieldofvisionaffectcrossingsafety.

Interventionsdoseemtoimprovecrossingsuccess.InMeir'smostrecentstudy,twodozen

seven-tonine-year-oldsreceive40minutesofdanger-detectiontraining.Afterwards,Meir

comparedtrainees*andcontrolkids*performancesinthevirtualroad-crossingtask.The

childrenwhoreceivedsafetyinstructionsweresignificantlybetteratcrossingthanthecontrol

subjects-tothepointthattheircrossingskillsresembledthoseofadults.

Next,Meirandpolicymakersaimtofigureouthowtotranslatethesefindingsintothereal

world."Thesekindofresultsareimportantbecauseyoucannotbuildinterventionswithoutan

understandingoftheproblem,"saysJosephKearney,aprofessorofcomputerscience.MNow

it'suptopeoplewiththeirfeetonthegroundtodeterminehowtheycandeveloptraining

programsforchildrenandforparentsaboutgoodroad-crossinghabits."

8.WhatisMeir'searlystudymainlyabout?

A.Thebenefitsofemployingvirtualreality.

B.Theproblemwithchildren'scrossingroads.

C.Thevarietyofrisksofchildrencrossingroads.

D.Thewaysofcorrectingchildren'swrongbehaviors.

9.Whatmayhaveaneffectonchildren'scrossingsafety?

A.Theirageandexperience.

B.Thelimitedfieldofvision.

C.Theircarelessnessandhesitation.

D.Thedurationofcrossingtheroad.

10.Whichofthefollowingisamoreeffectivewayofintervention?

A.Instructingchildrenhowtofacedanger.

B.Comparingchildren'sperformances.

C.Copyingadults'crossingmanners.

D.Teachingchildrenaboutroadsafety.

11.WhatdoesJosephKearneysuggestpeopledointhelastparagraph?

A.Puttheirfeetontheground.

B.Learngoodroad-crossinghabits.

C.Designpracticaltrainingprograms.

D.Understandtheproblemoftheresults.

D

Mostpeopledon'toftenthinkaboutbees'brainpower.Beesareusuallyregardedastiny

unthinkingmachines,flyingfromflowertoflower,geneticallypre-programmedtocollect

pollen（花粉）andnectarandmakehoney.

Butbeeshavesomeimpressivecognitive（認(rèn)知的）capacities.Sowe,vemanagedtoshowthat

beescanplayfootball.Weshowedthattheycanlearntomoveasmallballtoagoaltogaina

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sugaryreward.

Todothis,weusedaplasticmodelbeeontheendofatransparentsticktomoveatinyball

acrossaplatformasarealbumblebeewatched.Whentheballreachedagivenlocationatthe

centreoftheplatform,itopenedaccesstorewardingsugarwater.Afterseveralobservations,

eachrealbeewetestedpickeduphowtosolvethetaskandnolongerneededdemonstrations.

Whilemasteringthisunnaturaltaskwasimpressive,wewerecurioustoknowhowthebees

wereactuallylearningtosolveit.Sowetestedthreefurthergroupsofbees.Onegroupofbees

watchedanotherpreviouslytrainedbeemovetheballtothecentre.Asecondgroupofbees

observedtheballmovingtothecentre"byitself"(weactuallyusedamagnet(磁鐵)underthe

platformtomovetheball).Andathirdgroupofbeesdidnotreceiveanydemonstration.

Themovementoftheballwiththemagnetwasenoughforsomeofthebeestolearnthetask

significantlybetterthanthebeeswhodidnotreceiveanydemonstration.Butalltenbees

observinganotherbeemovetheballtothecentresolvedthetaskmuchquickerandatahigher

successratethaneitheroftheothergroups.Thissuggeststheobserverbeespickedup

somethingimportantfromtheirfellowbeesthathelpedthemlearnthisunnaturaltask.

Thefactthatbeeslearnedthisunnaturalandcomplextaskthroughobservationaloneandcould

improveonwhattheysaw,ratherthansimplycopywhattheyobserved,showsalargeamount

ofcognitiveflexibilityinananimalwithsuchasmallbrain.

12.Whatdomostpeoplethinkofbees?

A.Theyhavecognitivecapacities.

B.Theydon'tlikeasugaryreward.

C.Theycancollectflowersnaturally.

D.Theydon'thavethinkingabilities.

13.Whattaskwassetfortherealbees?

A.Usingaplasticmodelbeeonastick.

B.Watchingtrainedbeesmovetheball.

C.Movingaballtothecentreofaplatform.

D.Findingwaystogainsugarwaterquickly.

14.Whatcanweinferaboutthetestonthreefurthergroupsofbees?

A.Beestackledtasksbyreceivingdemonstration.

B.Thethirdgroupofbeesweretreatedunfairly.

C.Beescooperatedwitheachothertofinishtasks.

D.Magnetwasimportantforbeestomovetheball.

15.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?

A.BeesWereTaughttoPlayFootball.

B.TheSmartestBeeMovedtheBall.

C.BeesLearnedHowtoGelRewards.

D.CognitiveflexibilityWasFoundinBees.

二、閱讀七選五(本大題共5小題，共12.5分)

Whenyouarriveoncampus,you'llfaceatoughtask：tolivepeacefullywithastrangerforthe

restoftheacademicyear.Tomakethistaskeasier,mostschoolsusesometypeof

room-assignmentsurvey.(1)However,surveyscannotaskeverything,andchances

areprettygoodthatsomethingaboutyourroommateisgoingtomakeyouannoyed.

(2)Whenyoufirstmeet,workoutsomegroundrules.Theyhelpavoidconflict

fromthestartbyallowingeachpersontoknowwhatisexpected.Youshouldconsiderthe

followingareas：privacy,quiettime,chores(日?，嵤?，andborrowing.

Whenconsideringprivacy,thinkabouthowyouandyourroommatewillan-angeforprivate

time.Ifyourclassiscanceled,considergoingforacupofcoffee.Privacyalsorelatestogiving

yourroommatespacewhenheorshehashadabaddayorjustneedstimetothink.(3)

Twootherpotentiallyissuesarechoresandborrowing.Ifcleaningchoresneedtobe

shared,makeascheduleandsticktoit.Whenitcomestoborrowing,it'simportanttosetup

clearrules.(4)Butifyoudo,limitwhen,forhowlong,andwhatwillbedoneincase

ofdamage.

Livingwitharoommatecanbechallengingattimes,buttheultimaterewardswillserveyou

welllaterinlife.(5)Theyareallpartofthecollegejourney.

A.Toavoidconflict,planahead.

B.Setupclearhoursforquiettime.

C.Thesafestbetisforyounottoallowit.

D.Thebestwayistomakehimpayyouback.

E.Itrequiresstudentstotalkabouttheirlessons.

F.Thiscanmakeroommatematchesmoresuccessful.

G.Enjoyyourroommateandalltheexperiencesyou'llhave.

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16.A.AB.Bc.cD.DE.

EF.FG.G

17.A.AB.Bc.cD.DE.

EF.FG.G

18.A.AB.Bc.cD.DE.

EF.FG.G

19.A.AB.Bc.cD.DE.

EF.FG.G

20.A.AB.Bc.cD.DE.

EF.FG.G

三、完形填空(本大題共15小題，共15.0分)

Manycreativepeoplegrewupfeelingalienatedfromtheirsun*oundings.Thatwasthe(1)

lorJenniferDoudna.Inthethirdgrade,shefeltsoostracized(排擠)thatshehadtrouble

(2).Shehadallsortsofdigestiveproblems.Sheturnedtobooksand(3)

adefensivelayer."There'sa(n)(4)partofmethey'llnevertouch,"shetoldherself.

JenniferDoudna'sfatherwasabook-loverandhewould(5)abookforhertoread.And

thatwas(6)ausedpaperbackcopyofJamesWatson'sTheDoubleHelix(7)

onherbedonedaywhenshewasinsixthgrade,waitingforherwhenshegothomefrom(8)

The(9)ledDoudnatounderstandsomethingabout(10)thatwasbothlogical

andawe-inspiring"Whenyoungjhadalwayslikedhuntingwithmydadfor(11)

thingsinnature.Thebookmademerealizeyoucouldalso(12)thereasonswhynature

workedthewayitdid."sherecalls.

Drivenbyapassiontounderstandhownature(13)andacompetitivedesiretomake

(14),sheco-discoveredagene-editingtechnology,puttingherattheforefrontofa

(15)revolutionthatgiveshumanscontrolovertheevolutionarydestiny(命運(yùn))

oftheirownspecies.

21.A.excuseB.fateC.caseD.loss

22.A.learningB.eatingC.sleepingD.thinking

23.A.developedB.brokeC.blockedD.removed

24.A.externalB.guiltyC.generousD.internal

25.A.writeB.publishC.reviseD.bring

26.A.whatB.whereC.howD.when

27.A.caughtupB.endedupC.steppedupD.piledup

28.A.bookstoreB.woodsC.schoolD.hospital

29.A.troubleB.huntingC.teacherD.book

30.A.scienceB.natureC.successD.failure

31.A.interestingB.awfulC.artificialD.expensive

32.A.dismissB.citeC.deleteD.interpret

33.A.emergesB.functionsC.continuesD.exists

34.A.profitsB.plansC.discoveriesD.decisions

35.A.scientificB.peacefulC.economicD.permanent

四、語法填空(本大題共1小題，共15.0分)

36.Anelectriccarisanautomobilethatisdrivenbyoneormoreelectricmotors,using

electricalenergystoredinrechargeablebatteriesoranotherenergystoragedevice.The

first(1)(practice)electriccarswereproducedinthe1880s.Electriccarswere

popularinthelate19thcenturyandearly20thcentury.Since2008,(2)boomin

electricvehicleproducing(3)(occur)duetotheprogressinbatteriesandenergy

management,concernsaboutincreasingoilprices,andtheneed(4)(reduce)

greenhousegasemissions(排放).

Nowadays,electriccars(5)(design)forcommonpeople.Engineersareworking

tomakethemmoreattractivetofuturebuyers.Electriccars'capacityfbrspeedhas

increased(6)(dramatic)inrecentyears,andworldspeedrecordsforthese

vehiclesnowtop300milesperhour.Additionally,advancementsin(7)(efficient)

aremakingsomepotentialbuyersconsiderreplacingagasoline-poweredvehiclewitha

new,attractive,electric-poweredmodel.Anotherattractionfbrpeopleis(8)in

manyareas,electriccarsarequalified(9)carpoollaneaccess.(10)

thetrafficonthefreewayisheavyduringyourrushhourcommute(通勤),anelectric

carmaybejustthesolutionyouneedtogetyoumovingtowork,school,home,orwherever

youaretraveling.

五、書面表達(dá)(本大題共2小題，共40.0分)

37.假定你是李華，你的英國筆友Tom在YouTube上看到許多網(wǎng)友都在談?wù)摗短茖m夜

宴TangPalaceBanquet》這個(gè)舞蹈節(jié)目，他對(duì)此很感興趣，于是想讓你給他介紹一

下這方面的情況。請(qǐng)你給他回復(fù)一封郵件，內(nèi)容包括：1.唐朝燦爛的文化(包括舞

第8頁，共23頁

蹈）。2.該節(jié)目受歡迎的原因。3.該節(jié)目表演的現(xiàn)實(shí)意義。

注意：1.寫作詞數(shù)應(yīng)為80左右；2.請(qǐng)按如下格式在答題卡的相應(yīng)位置作答。

DearTom,

Howareyoudoing?.

Yours,

LiHua

38.閱讀下面材料，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容和所給段落開頭語續(xù)寫兩段，使之構(gòu)成一篇完整的短文。

Likemostchildren,!tookmyparentsforgranted.ltwasn'tuntilIbecameanadultthatI

realizedtheirdesiretomakeadifferenceinthelivesofothers.MamaandDaddy

performedtheirangelmagicwithneitherfanfare（炫耀）noradesirefor

recognition.BecausetheirkindnesstootherswassomethingIacceptedasamatterof

course,!mightneverhaveevaluatedthisaspectoftheirpersonalitieswereitnotforan

eventthatmymothermentionedinpassing.

ArizonainJulyusheredinthemonsoon（季風(fēng)）season,whichwasinfullswingandjust

thatmorninghadhittheSouthernArizonadesertwithseverethunder,lightining,rain,and

highwinds.MamaandDaddychosetospendthedaywanderingthedry,air-conditioned

mall,havingabitetoeat,andtakinginamovie.ltseemedanicewaytospendaSaturday

afternoonwhileleavingthestormoutdoors.

Theychoseacasualrestaurantforlunchandwerereadingthemenuwhentheirwaitress,a

youngwomaninhermid-twenties,approachedthetabletointroduceherselfandtaketheir

order.MamaandDaddynotedthatherhairwasdamp,aswereherclothes.Shewasfriendly

butseemedtobequitetired.

Drawingherintoconversation,theylearnedshewasasinglemotherandacollegestudent

workingtwojobs.Thatparticulardayhadbeenunkindtoher.Hercarbrokedown,forcing

hertowalktoworkintherainandwind.Shewasconcernedabouthowbeingwithouta

vehiclewouldaffectherabilitytocareforherdaughterandgotocollege.Herfrustration

wasobvious,andtheday'seventshadcertainlyleftherinacertainamountof

despair.Yet,hercommentscenteredonideasforsolvingherproblemsratherthan

complainingaboutthem.Herattitudearousedmyparents'interest.

WhenMamaandDaddyfinishedwithlunch,theysaidgoodbyetotheirwaitressand

wishedherwell.Herplight（困境）andattemptatapositiveattitudetouchedthem,andthey

wonderedwhattheymightdotohelp

注意：1.續(xù)寫詞數(shù)應(yīng)為150左右；2.請(qǐng)按如下格式在答題卡的相應(yīng)位置作答。

Theyhadtimebeforethemoviestartedtodosomeshopping；sotheywalkedintoa

bookstore..

Thewaitressopenedthebagandfoundsomebillsinabook..

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答案和解析

1.【答案】

【小題1】B【小題2】D【小題3】A

【解析】(1)B.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)"Saturday"部分

"Thiseventisfree,andattendanceiscappedat500(這個(gè)活動(dòng)是免費(fèi)的，出席人數(shù)不超過

500人).”可知，周六的書評(píng)活動(dòng)在人數(shù)方面有限制，故選B.

(2)D.推理判斷題。根據(jù)"Sunday”部分

ScottWiener,thecompany'sfounderandamonthlycolumnistforPizzaToday.(公司倉U始人

斯科特維納(ScottWiener)是PizzaToday的月度專欄作家。)"可知，"PizzaToday"是

一本關(guān)于披薩的雜志。故選D.

(3)A.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)四個(gè)活動(dòng)最后一行的"where"部分分別給出的網(wǎng)站鏈接信息可

知，如果你對(duì)這些事件感興趣，你可以在網(wǎng)上觀看。故選A.

本文為應(yīng)用文。主要介紹了四個(gè)可供網(wǎng)上觀看的活動(dòng)。

1.直接信息題：

直接信息題是指能夠直接從原文中找到信息，選項(xiàng)在語言表達(dá)上與原文基本一致的題目。

2.間接信息題：

間接信息題是能夠從原文中找到信息，但在語言表達(dá)上與原文有差異，做題時(shí)需要對(duì)原

文信息進(jìn)行轉(zhuǎn)換。

3.綜合信息題：

綜合信息題是指這類題目所涉及的信息不是原文的某一句話，可能是原文的幾句話，或

者是散落在文章不同的地方，要求學(xué)生把原文所提供的信息綜合起來分析，而不能斷章

取義。

4.【答案】

【小題1】D【小題2】B【小題3】A【小題4】C

【解析】（1）D.推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段"callthis"composting（堆肥）"Ourbodies

aregarbagepiles：wecollectexperience,andfromthebreakdownofthethrown-outeggshels,

vegetableleavesandoldsteakbonesofourmindscomenitrogen,heat,andveryfertile（月巴

沃的）soil.Oulofthisfertilesoilcomeourpoemsandstories.（我稱之為"堆肥"，我們

的身體是垃圾堆：我們收集經(jīng)驗(yàn)從我們頭腦中丟棄的蛋殼、蔬菜葉子和舊牛排骨頭的分

解中得到氮、熱量和非常肥沃的土壤。我們的詩歌和故事出自這片沃土。）“可推知，

文章第一段把把寫作素材的積累、思考過程比作“堆肥"。我們吸收經(jīng)驗(yàn)，加以消化，為

寫作提供豐富的營養(yǎng)。故選D.

（2）B.推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段的"OftenIwillthinkaboutwhatIwanttowritemany

timesinmymind.（我經(jīng)常會(huì)在腦海里想很多遍我想寫的東西）”可推知，列舉這個(gè)例

子是為了證明好的寫作來自好的思考。故選B.

（3）A.詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)上文"Iwasexploringandcompostingvariousmaterials.（我探

索和堆肥各種材料）"和下文becamecombinedwithenergyandunity（變得精力充沛，

團(tuán)結(jié)一致。）“可知，作者探索和堆肥各種材料，然后經(jīng)過“堆肥”，使這些不同的

（disparate）材料有了能量,形成了統(tǒng)一，性。由此可知,disparate意為"不同的",與

different同義。A.Different.與眾不同的；B.Pleasant.令人愉快的；C.Strange.奇怪的：

D.Identical.一模一樣的。故選A.

（4）C.推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段"Understandingthisprocessdevelopspatienceand

produceslessanxiety.（理解這個(gè)過程可以培養(yǎng)耐心，減少焦慮）"和"Atthesametime,we

mustkeeppracting.（同時(shí)，我們必須堅(jiān)持練習(xí)）"和"Wemustcontinuetoworkthecompost

pile,enrichingitandmakingitfertilesothatsomethingbeautifulmayemergeandsothatour

writingmusclesareingoodshapetoridetheuniversewhenitmovesthroughus.（我們必須

繼續(xù)工作，豐富它，使它肥沃，以便美麗的東西可能出現(xiàn)，以便我們的寫作肌肉處于良

好的狀態(tài)，這樣當(dāng)它經(jīng)過通過我們的時(shí)候，我們可以駕馭宇宙。）”可知，最后一段說

“堆肥”的過程需要耐心，正所謂”厚積而薄發(fā)"，要不斷地練習(xí)、實(shí)踐才能達(dá)成。由此可

推知，練習(xí)可以鍛煉寫作的肌肉。故選C.

這是一篇夾敘夾議文。文章作者通過自己的親身經(jīng)歷介紹了“堆肥”這一概念，他把寫作

素材的積累、思考過程比作“堆肥"：我們吸收經(jīng)驗(yàn)，加以消化，為寫作提供豐富的營

養(yǎng)。此外作者告訴我們”堆肥的過程需要耐心，正所謂“厚積而薄發(fā)”，要不斷地練習(xí)、

實(shí)踐才能達(dá)成。最終才能寫出好的文章。

做這類題材閱讀理解時(shí)要求考生對(duì)文章通讀一遍，做題時(shí)結(jié)合原文和題目有針對(duì)性的找

出相關(guān)語句進(jìn)行仔細(xì)分析，結(jié)合選項(xiàng)選出正確答案。推理判斷題也是要在抓住關(guān)鍵句子

的基礎(chǔ)上合理的分析才能得出正確答案，切忌胡亂猜測(cè)，一定要做到有理有據(jù)。

8.【答案】

【小題1】B【小題2】B【小題3】D【小題4】C

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【解析】(1)B.推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一19："Paststudieshavefoundthatyoungstersare

lessgoodatidentifyingroaddangersthanadults,butAnatMeirwantedtodiscoverexactly

whichbehaviorsleadtoaccidents,withthegoaloffindingwaystocorrectthem.過去的研究

發(fā)現(xiàn)，年輕人在識(shí)別道路危險(xiǎn)方面不如成年人好，但安納特?梅爾希望準(zhǔn)確地發(fā)現(xiàn)哪些

行為會(huì)導(dǎo)致事故，目的是找到糾正這些行為的方法?！焙偷诙巍癐n2013Meirsimulated8

typicalstreetsandusedaneye-trackingdevicetostudyhow46adultsandchildrenevaluated

whenitwassafetocross.Childrenagedseventonineexhibitedtheleastcautionwhencrossing,

typicallydecidingtostepintothevirtualroadwithlittleornohesitation,evenwhentheirfield

ofvisionwasrestricted.2013年，邁爾模擬了8條典型街道，并使用眼球跟蹤裝置研究了

46名成人和兒童在安全過街時(shí)的評(píng)價(jià)。7歲到9歲的孩子在穿越時(shí)表現(xiàn)得最不謹(jǐn)慎，即

使他們的視野受到限制，他們通常也會(huì)毫不猶豫地走進(jìn)虛擬道路?！钡谝欢沃v過去的研

究發(fā)現(xiàn)，年輕人在識(shí)別道路危險(xiǎn)方面不如成年人，第二段通過實(shí)驗(yàn)來論證這一觀點(diǎn)。所

以梅爾早期的研究主要是關(guān)于孩子們過馬路的問題。故選B.

(2)B.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段

的Childrenagedseventonineexhibitedtheleastcautionwhencrossing,typicallydecidingt

ostepintothevirtualroadwithlittleornohesitation,evenwhentheirfieldofvisionwasrest

ricted.7歲到9歲的孩子在穿越時(shí)表現(xiàn)得最不謹(jǐn)慎，即使他們的視野受到限制，他們通

常也會(huì)毫不猶豫地走進(jìn)虛擬道路。和Theyoftenstayedonthecurbforanexcessiveamount

oftime-anindicationthattheyarelessabletodistinguishbetweensafeanddangerous

situationsthanadults-andininterviewsdidnotexpressanunderstandingofhowfactorssuchas

carspeedandfieldofvisionaffectcrossingsafety.他們經(jīng)常在路邊停留過長(zhǎng)的時(shí)間，這表

明他們比成年人更難區(qū)分安全和危險(xiǎn)情況，在采訪中，他們沒有表達(dá)出對(duì)車速和視野等

因素如何影響交叉口安全的理解?？芍４祟}容易誤選A。根據(jù)第二段7-9歲兒童在過

馬路時(shí)表現(xiàn)得最不謹(jǐn)慎，大一點(diǎn)的孩子表現(xiàn)得也不怎么樣，可見不是年齡的問題。所以

可能會(huì)對(duì)兒童的穿越安全產(chǎn)生影響的是有限的視野。故選B.

(3)D.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)定位詞intervention找至IJ倒數(shù)第二段最后一句Thechildrenwho

receivedsafetyinstructionsweresignificantlybetteratcrossingthanthecontrolsubjects-tothe

po血thattheircrossingskillsresembledthoseofadults.接受安全指導(dǎo)的兒童在穿越方面明

顯優(yōu)于對(duì)照組，以至于他們的穿越技能與成人相似?？芍毯⒆拥缆钒踩歉行У母?/p>

預(yù)方法。故選D.

（4）C.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段的

Nowit'suptopeoplewiththeirfeetonthegroundtodeterminehowtheycandeveloptrainin

gprogramsforchildrenandforparentsaboutgoodroad-crossinghabits現(xiàn)在耍由腳踏實(shí)地

的人來決定如何為孩子和家長(zhǎng)制定好的過馬路習(xí)慣培訓(xùn)計(jì)劃?？芍s瑟夫?卡尼在最后

一段建議人們?cè)O(shè)計(jì)實(shí)踐培訓(xùn)計(jì)戈h故選C.

年輕人在識(shí)別道路危險(xiǎn)方面不如成年人，但阿納特-梅爾想發(fā)現(xiàn)到底哪些行為會(huì)導(dǎo)致事

故，目的是找到糾正這些行為的方法。

1.直接信息題：

直接信息題是指能夠直接從原文中找到信息，選項(xiàng)在語言表達(dá)上與原文基本一致的題目。

2.間接信息題：

間接信息題是能夠從原文中找到信息，但在語言表達(dá)上與原文有差異，做題時(shí)需要對(duì)原

文信息進(jìn)行轉(zhuǎn)換。

3.綜合信息題：

綜合信息題是指這類題目所涉及的信息不是原文的某一句話，可能是原文的幾句話，或

者是散落在文章不同的地方，要求學(xué)生把原文所提供的信息綜合起來分析，而不能斷章

取義。

12.【答案】

【小題1]D【小題2】C【小題3】A【小題4】D

【解析】（1）D.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段的"Mostpeopledon'toftenthinkaboutbees，

brainpower.Beesareusuallyregardedastinyunthinkingmachines"（大多數(shù)人并不經(jīng)常想

到蜜蜂的智力。蜜蜂通常被認(rèn)為是不思考的小機(jī)器）可知大多數(shù)人認(rèn)為蜜蜂沒有思考能

力。故選D項(xiàng)。

（2）C.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段"weusedaplasticmodelbeeontheendofatransparent

sticktomovealinyballacrossaplatformasarealbumblebeewatched."（當(dāng)--只真正的大

黃蜂看著時(shí)，我們把一個(gè)塑料蜜蜂模型放在一根透明棍子的末端，在一個(gè)平臺(tái)上移動(dòng)一

個(gè)小球）和第三段的"Onegroupofbeeswatchedanotherpreviouslytrainedbeemovethe

balltothecentre."（一組蜜蜂觀察另一組受過訓(xùn)練的蜜蜂將球移到中心。）可知真正的

蜜蜂的任務(wù)是把球移到平臺(tái)的中心。故選C項(xiàng)。

（3）A.推理判斷題。定位詞在文章第四段，我們又測(cè)試了三組蜜蜂。然后第五段得出

結(jié)論"Butalltenbeesobservinganotherbeemovetheballtothecentresolvedthetaskmuch

第14頁，共23頁

quickerandatahighersuccessratethaneitheroftheothergroups.Thissuggeststheobserver

beespickedupsomethingimportantfromtheirfellowbeesthathelpedthemlearnthis

unnaturaltask."（所有觀察另一只蜜蜂將球移至IJ中心的10只蜜蜂都比其他組的蜜蜂更快

地解決了任務(wù)，而且成功率更高。這表明在旁觀察的蜜蜂從它們的同伴那里獲得了一些

重要的東西，幫助它們學(xué)習(xí)這個(gè)非自然的任務(wù)。）由此推知蜜蜂通過接受示范來完成任

務(wù)。故選A項(xiàng)。

（4）D.標(biāo)題歸納題。根據(jù)文章的主要內(nèi)容第二段"Butbeeshavesomeimpressivecognitive

（認(rèn)知的）capacities"（但是蜜蜂有一些令人印象深刻的認(rèn)知能力）和最后一段"Thefact

thatbeeslearnedthisunnaturalandcomplextaskthroughobservationaloneandcouldimprove

onwhattheysaw,ratherthansimplycopywhattheyobserved,showsalargeamountof

cognitiveflexibilityinananimalwithsuchasmallbrain."（蜜蜂僅僅通過觀察就學(xué)會(huì)了這

種不自然且復(fù)雜的任務(wù)，并且能夠改善它們所看到的，而不是簡(jiǎn)單地模仿它們所觀察到

的，這一事實(shí)表明，這樣一個(gè)大腦如此小的動(dòng)物擁有大量的認(rèn)知靈活性。）可知，本文

主要通過一些實(shí)驗(yàn)來證實(shí)蜜蜂也有認(rèn)知能力。故D項(xiàng)”蜜蜂具有認(rèn)知靈活性"可以作為

本文最佳標(biāo)題。故選D項(xiàng)。

這是一篇說明文，本文主要介紹蜜蜂有一些令人印象深刻的認(rèn)知能力，并通過實(shí)驗(yàn)來證

實(shí)這一點(diǎn)。

1.直接信息題：

直接信息題是指能夠直接從原文中找到信息，選項(xiàng)在語言表達(dá)上與原文