英語語言文學(xué)專業(yè)綜合英漢互譯、欣賞命題作文2003答案

2003年入學(xué)考試試題Ⅰ.Translatethefollowing .(40Recentcommentatorsagreethattragedyasanartformhasundergoneanirrevocabletransformation.Somecriticsdatethischangeataroundthefirstdecadeofthe20thcentury,whileotherswouldhaveitbeginasfarbackastheeraofRacine.Inanycase,withayearortwoofeachother,duringtheearly1960’sGeorgeSteinerwroteeloquentlyofthe“DeathofTragedy”,MartinEsslinlinglycoinedtheterm“TheatreoftheAbsurd”.Laterinthesamedecade,WalterKaufmanntookissuewithportionsofSteiner’sargumentandterminology,butneverthelessconcededthedeclineoftragedy,linkingthisdeclinetothesenseofdespairoccasionedbythehorrorsofmodernhistory.Similarly,GeoffreyBreretonagreedthatallcriticshaveexperiencedthesamerealdifficultyindecidingwhathappenedtodramatictragedyinthecentury.Tosumuptheviewsofthecriticscitedabove,itwouldbejusttosaythatwhilethereexistedacoherentnotionoftragedyamongthedramaticstagesoffifth-centuryAthens,ElizabethanEngland,andseventeenth-centuryFrance,thecontributionstotragedybyGoethe,Ibsen,ChekovandotherwriterssinceRacineareeitherproblematicortransitional,andduringthelastseventyyearsithasbeenatbestquestionableandatworstmerenominalismtoapplytheepithet“tragic”tomoderndramaticliture.ⅡTranslatethefollowingintoEnglish(40ⅢWriteashortcommentinEnglishoneachofthefollowing(30points)ShallIcomparetheetoasummer’sday?Thouaremorelovelyandmoretemperate:RoughwindsdoshakethedarlingbudsofMay,Andsummer’sleasehathalltooshortadate;Sometimestoohottheeyeofheavenshines,Andoftenishisgoldcomplexdimm’d;AndeveryfairfromfairsometimeBychanceornature’schangingcourseuntrimm’d;ButthyeternalsummershallnotfadeNorshallDeathbragthouwand’restinhisshade,Whenineternallinestotimethougrow’st.Solongasmencanbreathoreyescansee,Solonglivesthis,andthisgiveslifetothee.Tobegin,thenwithShakespeare.Hewasthemanwhoofallmodern,andperhapsancientpoets,hadthelargestandmostcomprehensivesoul.AlltheimagesofNaturewerestillpresenttohim,andhedrewthem,notlaboriously,butluckily;whenhedescribesanything,youmorethanseeit,youfeelittoo.Thosewhoaccusehimtohavewantedlearning,givehimthegreatercommendation:hewasnaturallylearn’d.Icannotsayheiseverywherealike;wereheso,Ishoulddohiminjurytocomparehimwiththegreatestofmankind.Heismanytimesflat,insipid;hiscomicwitdegeneratingintoclenches,hisseriousswellingintobombast.Butheisalwaysgreat,whensomegreatoccasionispresentedtohim,nomancansayheeverhadafitsubjectforhiswit,anddidnotthenraisehimselfashighasabovetherestofpoets.TheconsiderationofthismadeMr.HalesofEatonsay,thattherewasnosubjectofwhichanypoeteverwrit,buthewouldproduceitmuchbettertreatedofinShakespeare;andhoweverothersarenowgenerallypreferredbeforehim,yettheagewhereinhelived,whichhadcontemporarieswithhimFletcherandJohnson,neverequaledthemtohimintheiresteem:andinthelastking’scourtwhenBen’sreputationwasathighest,SirJohnSuckling,andwithhimthegreaterpartofthecourtiers,setourShakespearefarabovehim.AsforJohnson,ifwelookuponhimwhilehewashimself,Ithinkhimthemostlearnedandjudiciouswriterwhichanytheatreeverhad.Onecannotsayhewantedwit,butratherthathewasfrugalofit.Inhisworksyoufindlittletoretrenchoralter.IfIwouldcomparehimwithShakespeare,Imustacknowledgehimthemorecorrectpoet,butShakespearethegreaterwit.ShakespearewastheHomer,orfatherofourdramaticpoets;JohnsonwastheVirgil,thepatternofelaboratewriting;Iadmirehim,butIloveShakespeare.ⅣWriteacompositionofabout400wordsonthefollowingtopic(40points)BooksandMan2003年入學(xué)考試試題Ⅰ.Translatethefollowinginto.(40Recentcommentatorsagreethattragedyasanartformhasundergoneanirrevocabletransformation.Somecriticsdatethischangeataroundthefirstdecadeofthe20thcentury,whileotherswouldhaveitbeginasfarbackastheeraofRacine.Inanycase,withayearortwoofeachother,duringtheearly1960’sGeorgeSteinerwroteeloquentlyofthe“DeathofTragedy”,MartinEsslinlinglycoinedtheterm“TheatreoftheAbsurd”.Laterinthesamedecade,WalterKaufmanntookissuewithportionsofSteiner’sargumentandterminology,butneverthelessconcededthedeclineoftragedy,linkingthisdeclinetothesenseofdespairoccasionedbythehorrorsofmodernhistory.Similarly,GeoffreyBreretonagreedthatallcriticshaveexperiencedthesamerealdifficultyindecidingwhathappenedtodramatictragedyinthecentury.Tosumuptheviewsofthecriticscitedabove,itwouldbejusttosaythatwhilethereexistedacoherentnotionoftragedyamongthedramaticstagesoffifth-centuryAthens,ElizabethanEngland,andseventeenth-centuryFrance,thecontributionstotragedybyGoethe,Ibsen,ChekovandotherwriterssinceRacineareeitherproblematicortransitional,andduringthelastseventyyearsithasbeenatbestquestionableandatworstmerenominalismtoapplytheepithet“tragic”tomoderndramaticliture.論家認(rèn)為悲劇的始于20世紀(jì)的第一個(gè)十年，而其他人則將之遠(yuǎn)溯至拉辛那個(gè)時(shí)期。不論人們堅(jiān)持哪種觀點(diǎn)，2060年代初，喬治·史泰納著和馬丁·哀斯琳用了一兩年的時(shí)間IITranslatethefollowingintoEnglish(40Naturehaslongbeenthethemeofeulogyofhumanbeingswholivewithinit.Itslaws,changesandbeautifulsceneriesarepoeticandholyinalloralandwrittenlegends.Attheverybeginning,humanbeingsarecuriousaboutnatureastheyknewlittleaboutit.Consequently,ampleimaginationwasstimulatedandthentendedtodeifythenature.Later,maturedhumanbeingsbegantoaskforsomethingfromnatureandeventriedtoconqueritastheyknewmoreandmoreaboutit.Asthesituationintensified,theharmonyandequilibriumofnaturewererudelydemolished.Thereexisteddesertificationandcatastrophicflood.Evenairandwaterwerepolluted.Theenvironmentwhichwedependonlivingwasdeterioratingandhumanbeingswereheadingtowardplightandchaos.Anenvironmentalistevenwarnedus:whileweareinsanelypursuingfortunes,weintheendmightdiscoverthatweareevendeprivedofacupofcleanwater.Undoubtedly,humanbeingsfinallyrealizedthatharmonyandequilibriumexistwithinthenaturewhenit’stoolate.Theyalsofoundoutthatwhattheyhavedoneandwhattheyarenghavealreadycausedhugedestructiontothenature;whentheydiscoveredthey’realsoapartofthenature,humanbeingshavesacrificedalot.Now,naturetaughthumanbeingsalesson:theymustfullyprotectitbeforetheyhanddownanintactnaturetothefuturegeneration.Andaneffectiveprotectionneedsaworldwidecooperation.Andthisisthespecialresponsibilitythathumanbeingshavetobearonthecourseofdevelopment.IIIWriteashortcommentinEnglishoneachofthefollowing(30points)ShallIcomparetheetoasummer’sday?Thouaremorelovelyandmoretemperate:RoughwindsdoshakethedarlingbudsofMay,Andsummer’sleasehathalltooshortadate;Sometimestoohottheeyeofheavenshines,Andoftenishisgoldcomplexdimm’d;AndeveryfairfromfairsometimeBychanceornature’schangingcourseuntrimm’d;ButthyeternalsummershallnotfadeNorshallDeathbragthouwand’restinhisshade,Whenineternallinestotimethougrow’st.Solongasmencanbreathoreyescansee,Solonglivesthis,andthisgiveslifetothee.Answer:ItisoneofthemostfamoussonnetsofShakespeare.Andit’scontributedtoayoungmanwhowasknownasMr.W.H.,anobleman.Inthissonnet,Shakespeareisconcernedabouttheeffectofpassingtimeontheyoungman.Hesaysthatthoughhisfriendmaygrowoldandlosehisbeauty,hewillbeimmortalizedinthesonnetsthatShakespearewroteforhim.Tobegin,thenwithShakespeare.Hewasthemanwhoofallmodern,andperhapsancientpoets,hadthelargestandmostcomprehensivesoul.AlltheimagesofNaturewerestillpresenttohim,andhedrewthem,notlaboriously,butluckily;whenhedescribesanything,youmorethanseeit,youfeelittoo.Thosewhoaccusehimtohavewantedlearning,givehimthegreatercommendation:hewasnaturallylearn’d.Icannotsayheiseverywherealike;wereheso,Ishoulddohiminjurytocomparehimwiththegreatestofmankind.Heismanytimesflat,insipid;hiscomicwitdegeneratingintoclenches,hisseriousswellingintobombast.Butheisalwaysgreat,whensomegreatoccasionispresentedtohim,nomancansayheeverhadafitsubjectforhiswit,anddidnotthenraisehimselfashighasabovetherestofpoets.TheconsiderationofthismadeMr.HalesofEatonsay,thattherewasnosubjectofwhichanypoeteverwrit,buthewouldproduceitmuchbettertreatedofinShakespeare;andhoweverothersarenowgenerallypreferredbeforehim,yettheagewhereinhelived,whichhadcontemporarieswithhimFletcherandJohnson,neverequaledthemtohimintheiresteem:andinthelastking’scourtwhenBen’sreputationwasathighest,SirJohnSuckling,andwithhimthegreaterpartofthecourtiers,setourShakespearefarabovehim.AsforJohnson,ifwelookuponhimwhilehewashimself,Ithinkhimthemostlearnedandjudiciouswriterwhichanytheatreeverhad.Onecannotsayhewantedwit,butratherthathewasfrugalofit.Inhisworksyoufindlittletoretrenchoralter.IfIwouldcomparehimwithShakespeare,Imustacknowledgehimthemorecorrectpoet,butShakespearethegreaterwit.ShakespearewastheHomer,orfatherofourdramaticpoets;JohnsonwastheVirgil,thepatternofelaboratewriting;Iadmirehim,butIloveShakespeare.Answer:ThisshortarticleisalsoconcerningaboutShakespearewhoinheartsofwritersinyoungergeneration eaninsurmountablegenius.ToaccentShakespeare’simportanceaswellgreatness,theauthorsetoutmanyexamplesandevenmadeacomparisonbetweenShakespeareandBenJohnson.Allthesecomplimentsareaimedatonething:emphasizingthegreatnessofIVWriteacompositionofabout400wordsonthefollowingtopic(40Booksand“Readingmakesafullman”usasayingofthefamousEnglishphilosopherFrancisBacon.It