




版權(quán)說明:本文檔由用戶提供并上傳,收益歸屬內(nèi)容提供方,若內(nèi)容存在侵權(quán),請進行舉報或認領(lǐng)
文檔簡介
時間:二O二一年七月二十九日《計算英(第4版)》習參考案之南幫珍創(chuàng)作時間:二二年七月二十九日UnitOne:ComputerandComputerScienceUnitOne/SectionI.Fillintheblankswiththeinformationgiveninthetext:1.CharlesBabbage;AugustaAda2.input;output3.VLSI4.workstations;mainframes5.vacuum;transistors6.instructions;software7.digit;eight;byte8.microminiaturization;chipII.Translatethefollowingtermsorphrasesfromintoandversa:1.artificialintelligence人智能2.paper-tapereader紙帶閱讀器3.opticalcomputer光算機4.neuralnetwork神網(wǎng)絡(luò)5.instructionset指令集6.parallelprocessing并處理7.differenceengine差分機8.versatilelogicalelement通邏輯元件9.siliconsubstrate硅底10.vacuumtube真空管11.數(shù)據(jù)的存儲與處理thestoragehandlingof12.超大規(guī)模集成電路verylarge-scaleintegratedcircuit13.中央處理器centralprocessing14.個人計算機personalcomputer時間:二O二一年七月二十九日
時間:二O二一年七月二十九日15.模擬計算機analoguecomputer16.數(shù)字計算機digitalcomputer17.通用計算機general-purposecomputer18.處理器芯片processorchip19.操縱指令operatinginstructions20.輸入設(shè)備inputdeviceIII.Fillineachoftheblankswithoneofthewordsgiveninthefollowinglist,makingchangesifnecessary:Wecandefineacomputerasadevicethatacceptsinput,processesdata,storesdata,andproducesoutput.Accordingtothemodeofprocessing,computersareeitheranalogor.Theycanalsobeclassifiedmainframes,,workstations,ormicrocomputers.Allelse(forexample,theageofthemachine)beingequal,thiscategorizationprovidessomeindicationofthecomputer,size,cost,andabilities.Eversincetheadventofcomputers,therehavebeenconstantchanges.First-generationcomputersofhistoric,suchasUNIVAC(用自動計算機,introducedintheearly1950s,werebasedonvacuumtubes.Second-generationcomputers,appearingintheearly1960s,werethoseinwhichtransistorsWordStrdvacuumtubes.Inthird-generationcomputers,datingfromthe1960s,integratedcircuitsWordStrdtransistors.Infourth-generationcomputerssuchas,whichfirstappearedinthemid-1970s,large-scaleintegrationenabledthousandsofcircuitstobeincorporatedononechip.Fifth-generationcomputersareexpectedtocombinevery-large-scaleintegrationwithsophisticatedapproachesto,includingartificialintelligenceandtruedistributedprocessing.IV.TranslatethefollowingpassagefromEnglishintoChinese:時間:二O二一年七月二十九日
時間:二O二一年七月二十九日計算機將變得更加先進,將變得更加容易使用。語音識此外改進將使計算的操縱更加容易。虛擬現(xiàn)實,即使用所有人官能與計算機進行交互的技術(shù),也將有助于創(chuàng)建更好人機接口。人們正在開發(fā)其他的奇異算模型,包含使用生物機體的生物計算、使用具有特定性的分子的分子計算,以及使用遺傳基本單位DNA(氧糖核酸)存儲數(shù)據(jù)和執(zhí)行運算的計算。這些都是可能的未來計算臺的例子,而它們迄今還能力有限或完全屬于理論范疇科學家們研究它們,是因嵌入硅中的電路的微小型化受到物理限制。還有一些限制與即使最微的晶體管也會發(fā)生的熱量有關(guān)。UnitOne/SectionI.Fillintheblankswiththeinformationgiveninthetext:1.erdisciplinary4.microprocessorII.Translatethefollowingtermsorphrasesfromintoandversa:1.artificialneuralnetwork人神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)2.computerarchitecture計算機體系結(jié)構(gòu)3.robustcomputerprogram健的計算機程序4.human-computerinterface人接口5.knowledgerepresentation知暗示6.數(shù)值分析numericalanalysis7.程序設(shè)計環(huán)境programmingenvironment8.數(shù)據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu)datastructure9.存儲和檢索信息storeandretrieveinformation10.虛擬現(xiàn)實virtualrealityUnitOne/SectionI.Fillintheblankswiththeinformationgiveninthe時間:二O二一年七月二十九日
時間:二O二一年七月二十九日text:1.output2.supercomputer3.microcontroller4.handheld;convergenceII.Translatethefollowingtermsorphrasesfromintoandversa:1.Webpage(維網(wǎng)頁2.touchscreen觸摸屏觸屏3.bladeserver刀片服務(wù)4.removablestoragedevice移(式)存儲設(shè)備5.聲卡soundcard6.存儲服務(wù)器storageserver7.便攜式媒體播放器portablemediaplayer8.硬盤harddiskUnitTwo:ComputerArchitectureUnitTwo/SectionIintheblankswiththeinformationgiveninthetext:1.input;output;storage2.BasicInput/OutputSystem3.flatbed;hand-held4.LCD-based5.dot-matrix;inkjet6.disk;memory7.volatile8.serial;parallelII.Translatethefollowingtermsorphrasesfromintoandversa:1.functionkey功能鍵操縱鍵,函數(shù)鍵2.voicerecognitionmodule語識別模塊3.touch-sensitiveregion觸區(qū)4.addressbus地址線5.flatbedscanner平掃描儀6.dot-matrixprinter點陣打印機(針式打印機)時間:二O二一年七月二十九日
時間:二O二一年七月二十九日7.parallelconnection并連接8.cathoderaytube陰射線管9.videogame電游10.audiosignal音信號11.操縱系統(tǒng)operatingsystem12.液晶顯示(器)LCD(liquidcrystaldisplay)13.噴墨打印機inkjetprinter14.數(shù)據(jù)總線databus15.串行連接serialconnection性存儲器volatilememory17.激光打印機laserprinter18.磁盤驅(qū)動器diskdrive/輸出系統(tǒng)BIOS(BasicInput/OutputSystem)20.視頻顯示器videodisplayIII.Fillineachoftheblankswithoneofthewordsgiveninthefollowinglist,makingchangesifnecessary:CD-ROMstandsforcompactdiscread-onlymemory.Unlikefloppyandharddisks,whichusemagneticchargestorepresent1sand0s,opticaldiscsusereflectedlight.OnaCD-ROMdisc,1sand0sarerepresentedflatareasandbumpy(高不的)areas(called“pits”)onitsbottomsurface.TheCD-ROMdiscreadbyalaserthatprojectsatinybeamoflightontheseareas.Theamountofreflectedlightdetermineswhetherthearearepresentsa1ora0.LikeaCDfoundinmusicstores,aCD-ROMa“read-only.Read-onlymeansitcannotbewrittenonorerasedbytheuser.Thus,youasauserhaveaccessonlytothedataimprinted(壓)bythepublisher.AsingleCD-ROMdisccanstore650s(兆節(jié))ofdata.Thatisequivalentto451floppydisks.Withthatmuchinformationonsingledisc,thetimetoretrieveoraccesstheinformationisveryimportant.AnimportantcharacteristicofCD-ROM時間:二O二一年七月二十九日
時間:二O二一年七月二十九日drivestheiraccessIV.TranslatethefollowingpassagefromEnglishintoChinese:調(diào)制解調(diào)器是在模擬與數(shù)信號之間進行轉(zhuǎn)換的設(shè)備。計算機使用的是數(shù)字信號這種信號由離散單元組成,通經(jīng)常使用一系列1和0暗示。模擬信號是連續(xù)變更的;波就是模擬信號的一個例子。調(diào)制解調(diào)器經(jīng)經(jīng)常使用于現(xiàn)計算機之間通過電話線的互相通信。調(diào)制解調(diào)器將發(fā)送端計算的數(shù)字信號轉(zhuǎn)換成可通過電話線傳輸?shù)哪M信號。信號到達目的地后,另外個調(diào)制解調(diào)器重構(gòu)原來的數(shù)字信號,供接收端計算機處。如果兩個調(diào)制解調(diào)器可同互相發(fā)送數(shù)據(jù),那么它們采取的就是全雙工工作方式;果一次只有一個調(diào)制解調(diào)器可以發(fā)送數(shù)據(jù),那么它們采取的是半雙工工作方式。UnitTwo/SectionI.Fillintheblankswiththeinformationgiveninthetext:1.graphical2.file;schedulerII.Translatethefollowingtermsorphrasesfromintoandversa:1.interrupthandler中處理程序2.virtualmemory虛存儲(器),虛存,虛擬內(nèi)存3.contextswitch上文轉(zhuǎn)換,語境轉(zhuǎn)換4.mainmemory主(器)5.bitpattern位式6.外圍設(shè)備peripheraldevice7.進程表processtable8.時間片timeslice9.圖形用戶界面graphicaluserinterface10.海量存儲器massstorage時間:二O二一年七月二十九日
時間:二O二一年七月二十九日UnitTwo/SectionI.Fillintheblankswiththeinformationgiveninthetext:1.repository2.central;work4.layered或abstractmachineII.Translatethefollowingtermsorphrasesfromintoandversa:1.codegenerator代生成程序,代碼發(fā)生器2.abstractmachine抽機3.programeditor程編輯程序,程序編輯器4.configurationitem配項5.計算機輔助設(shè)計CAD(computer-aideddesign)6.數(shù)據(jù)冗余dataredundancy7.指揮與控制系統(tǒng)commandandcontrolsystem8.視頻壓縮與解壓縮videocompressionanddecompressionUnitThree:ComputerLanguageandProgrammingUnitThree/SectionAI.Fillintheblankswiththeinformationgiveninthetext:1.artificial;instructions2.low-level;high-levelachine5.functional;logictatementodule8.digitalII.Translatethefollowingtermsorphrasesfromintoandversa:1.storageregister存寄存器2.functionstatement函語句3.programstatement程語句時間:二O二一年七月二十九日
時間:二O二一年七月二十九日4.object-orientedlanguage面對象語言5.assemblylanguage匯編言6.intermediatelanguage中語言,中級語言7.relationallanguage關(guān)系型)語言8.artificiallanguage人工言9.datadeclaration數(shù)聲明10.StructuredQueryLanguage結(jié)化查詢語言11.可執(zhí)行程序executableprogram12.程序模塊programmodule13.條件語句conditionalstatement14.賦值語句assignmentstatement15.邏輯語言logiclanguage16.機器語言machinelanguage17.函數(shù)式語言functionallanguage18.程序設(shè)計語言programminglanguage19.運行計算機程序runacomputerprogram20.計算機程序員computerprogrammerIII.Fillineachoftheblankswithoneofthewordsgiveninthefollowinglist,makingchangesifnecessary:AprogramminglanguageisalanguageusedtowriteinstructionsfortheItletstheexpressdataprocessinginasymbolicmannerwithoutregardmachine-specificdetails.Thedifficultyofwritingprogramsinthemachinelanguage0sand1sledfirsttothedevelopmentofassemblylanguage,whichallowsprogrammerstousemnemonics(助記符)forinstructionsandsymbolsforvariables.Suchprogramsarethentranslatedbyaprogramknownasanassembler(匯程序,匯編器)intothebinaryencodingusedbythe.Otherpiecesofsystemsoftwareknownaslinkingloaders(連裝入程序)combinepiecesofassembledcodeandloadthemintothemachine’smainmemoryunit,wheretheyarethenreadyforexecution.Theconceptoflinkingseparatepiecesofcodewasimportant,sinceit時間:二O二一年七月二十九日
時間:二O二一年七月二十九日allowed“l(fā)ibraries”ofprogramstobebuiltuptocarryoutcommon—afirststeptowardtheincreasinglyemphasizednotionofsoftware.Assemblylanguagewasfoundtobesufficientlyinconvenientthathigher-levellanguages(closertonaturallanguages)wereinventedinthe1950sforeasier,fasterprogramming;alongwiththemcametheneedforprogramsthattranslatehigh-levellanguageprogramsintomachinecode.Asprogramminglanguagesbecamemorepowerfulandabstract,buildingefficientcompilersthatcreatehigh-qualitycodeintermsofexecutionspeedandstorageconsumptionbecameaninterestingcomputerscienceprobleminitself.IV.TranslatethefollowingpassagefromEnglishintoChinese:面向?qū)ο蟪绦蛟O(shè)計語言,C++Java,于傳統(tǒng)的高級語言,但它們使程序設(shè)計能夠從合作對象集而非命令列表的角度進行思考。諸如圓之類的對象具有像的半徑一類的屬性,以及在計算機屏幕上繪制該對象的令。一個對象類可以從其他的象類繼承特征。例如,定義正方形的類可以從定義長方的類那里繼承直角等特征。這一套程序設(shè)計類簡化了序設(shè)計員的工作,帶來了更多“可復(fù)用的”計算機代碼可復(fù)用代碼使程序設(shè)計員以使用已經(jīng)設(shè)計、編寫和測試的代碼。這使得程序設(shè)計員的工作得比較容易,并帶來更加可靠和高效的程序。UnitThree/SectionBI.Fillintheblankswiththeinformationgiveninthetext:bjects2.platform-independentultithreadinguntime時間:二O二一年七月二十九日
時間:二O二一年七月二十九日II.Translatethefollowingtermsorphrasesfromintoandversa:1.nativecode本()碼2.headerfile頭文;頁眉文件3.multithreadedprogram多線程程序4.Java-enabledbrowser支Java的覽5.maliciouscode惡代碼6.機器碼machinecode7.匯編碼assemblycode8.特洛伊木馬程序Trojanhorse9.軟件包softwarepackage10.類條理classhierarchyUnitThree/SectionCI.Fillintheblankswiththeinformationgiveninthetext:1.subscript;index2.fixedII.Translatethefollowingtermsorphrasesfromintoandversa:1.barchart條圖2.frequencyarray頻數(shù)組3.graphicalrepresentation圖暗示4.multidimensionalarray多維數(shù)組5.用戶視圖user(’s)view6.下標形式subscriptform7.一維數(shù)組one-dimensionalarray8.編程結(jié)構(gòu)programmingconstructUnitFour:SoftwareDevelopmentUnitFour/SectionAI.Fillintheblankswiththeinformationgiveninthetext:1.application;operating2.assemblers時間:二O二一年七月二十九日
時間:二O二一年七月二十九日3.erpreterebuggeroop7.driver8.JohnvonNeumannII.Translatethefollowingtermsorphrasesfromintoandversa:1.inferenceengine推理機2.systemcall系調(diào)3.compiledlanguage編執(zhí)行的語言4.parallelcomputing并計算5.patternmatching模匹配6.memorylocation存單元7.interpreterprogram解釋程序8.libraryroutine庫序,程序庫例行程序9.intermediateprogram中程序,過渡程序10.sourcefile源文件11.解釋執(zhí)行的語言interpretedlanguage12.設(shè)備驅(qū)動程序devicedriver13.源程序sourceprogram14.調(diào)試程序debuggingprogram15.目標代碼objectcode16.應(yīng)用程序applicationprogram17.實用程序utilityprogram18.邏輯程序logicprogram19.墨盒inkcartridge20.程序的存儲與執(zhí)行programstorageandexecutionIII.Fillineachoftheblankswithoneofthewordsgiveninthefollowinglist,makingchangesifnecessary:Acompiler,incomputerscience,isacomputerprogramthattranslatessourcecodeintoobjectcode.Softwareengineerssourcecodeusinghigh-levelprogramminglanguagesthatpeoplecanunderstand.Computerscannotdirectlyexecutesourcecode,but時間:二O二一年七月二十九日
時間:二O二一年七月二十九日needacompilertotranslatetheseinstructionsintoalow-levellanguagecalledmachinecode.Compilerscollectandreorganize(compile)alltheinstructionsinagivensetofsourcecodetoobjectcode.Objectcodeisoftenthesameorsimilartoacomputer’smachinecode.Iftheobjectcodeisthesameasthemachinelanguage,thecomputercanruntheprogramimmediatelyafterthecompilerproducesits.Iftheobjectcodeisnotinmachinelanguage,otherprograms—suchas,binders(聯(lián)編程序),linkers,andloaders(加載程序—finishthetranslation.Mostcomputerlanguagesdifferentversionsofcompilersfordifferenttypesofcomputersoroperatingsystems,soonelanguagemayhavedifferentcompilersforpersonalcomputers(PC)andAppleMacintoshcomputers.Manydifferentmanufacturersoftenproduceversionsofthesameprogramminglanguage,compilersforlanguagemayvarybetweenmanufacturers.IV.TranslatethefollowingpassagefromEnglishintoChinese:在軟件中,錯誤是指導(dǎo)致序發(fā)生故障或發(fā)生不正確結(jié)果的編碼或邏輯錯誤。較輕微的錯誤,如光標表異常,會造成方便或帶來挫折,但不會對信息發(fā)生破性影響。較嚴重的錯誤會導(dǎo)致程序中止”(對命令停止反應(yīng)),可能使用戶別無選擇,只重新啟動程序,結(jié)果致使任何前面已經(jīng)做好但尚未保管的工丟失。兩種情況無論是哪一種,序員都必須憑借稱為調(diào)試的過程,發(fā)現(xiàn)并改正錯誤。由于錯誤對重要數(shù)據(jù)的潛危險,商用應(yīng)用程序在發(fā)行前要經(jīng)過盡可能全面的測試調(diào)試。程序發(fā)行后發(fā)現(xiàn)的較輕微誤在下一次更新時改正;較嚴重的錯誤有時可用稱為補的特殊軟件加以修補,以規(guī)避問題或減輕其影響。時間:二O二一年七月二十九日
時間:二O二一年七月二十九日UnitFour/SectionBI.Fillintheblankswiththeinformationgiveninthetext:1.entity2.duration3.data;process或process;dataII.Translatethefollowingtermsorphrasesfromintoandversa:1.checkbox復(fù)選框選擇框,校驗框tructureddesign結(jié)化設(shè)計3.buildingblock積塊,構(gòu)建模塊,構(gòu)件4.databaseschema數(shù)據(jù)庫模式5.radiobutton單選()鈕6.系統(tǒng)建模技術(shù)systemmodelingtechnique7.模型驅(qū)動開發(fā)model-drivendevelopment8.數(shù)據(jù)流程圖dataflowdiagram9.下拉式菜單drop-down(或pull-down)menu10.滾動條scrollbarUnitFour/SectionCI.Fillintheblankswiththeinformationgiveninthetext:eterogeneoussynchronousridges4.opennessII.Translatethefollowingtermsorphrasesfromintoandversa:1.procedurecall過調(diào)用2.faulttolerance容3.homogeneoussystem同系統(tǒng)4.autonomousagent自主體5.路由算法routingalgorithm6.異構(gòu)型環(huán)境heterogeneousenvironment7.多址通信協(xié)議multicastprotocol時間:二O二一年七月二十九日
時間:二O二一年七月二十九日8.通信鏈路communication(s)linkUnitFive:SoftwareProcessUnitFive/SectionAI.Fillintheblankswiththeinformationgiveninthetext:1.off-the-shelf2.exclusive4.requirements;integration5.throwaway;stable;framework;compromisesII.Translatethefollowingtermsorphrasesfromintoandversa:1.systemspecification系規(guī)格說明2.unittesting單(單元、部件)測試3.softwarelifecycle軟生命周期(或生存周期)4.systemvalidationtesting系驗證測試5.evolutionarydevelopmentprocess演開發(fā)過程6.linearmodel線模7.programunit程序單8.throwawayprototype拋式原型9.textformatting正格式編排,文本格式化10.systemevolution系演變11.系統(tǒng)設(shè)計范例systemdesignparadigm12.需求分析與定義requirementsanalysisanddefinition13.探索式編程方法exploratoryprogrammingapproach14.系統(tǒng)文件編制systemdocumentation15.瀑布模型waterfallmodel16.系統(tǒng)集成systemintegration商現(xiàn)成軟件commercialoff-the-shelf(或COTS)software18.基于組件的軟工程component-basedsoftware時間:二O二一年七月二十九日
時間:二O二一年七月二十九日engineering(CBSE)19.軟件維護工具softwaremaintenance20.軟件復(fù)用softwarereuseIII.Fillineachoftheblankswithoneofthewordsgiveninthefollowinglist,makingchangesifnecessary:Therearethreedifferenttypesofsoftwaremaintenance.Firstly,thereismaintenancetorepairsoftwarefaults.Codingerrorsareusuallyrelativelycheaptocorrect;designerrorsaremoreexpensiveastheymayinvolverewritingseveralprogramcomponents.Requirementserrorsarethemostexpensivetorepairbecausethesystemredesignthatmaybenecessary.Secondly,thereismaintenancetoadaptthesoftwaretoadifferentoperatingenvironment.Thistypeofmaintenanceisrequiredwhensomeaspectofthesystem’senvironmentsuchasthehardware,tplatformoperatingsystemorothersupportsoftwarechanges.Theapplicationsystemmustbemodifiedadaptittocopewiththeseenvironmentalchanges.Andthirdly,thereismaintenancetoaddormodifythesystem’sfunctionality.Thistypeofmaintenancenecessarywhenthesystemrequirementschangeinresponsetoorganizationalorbusinesschange.Thescaleofthechangesrequiredtotheisoftenmuchgreaterfortheothertypesofmaintenance.In,thereisn’taclear-cutdistinctionbetweenthesetypesofmaintenance.Whenyouadaptthesystemtoanewenvironment,youmayaddfunctionalitytotakeadvantageofnewenvironmentalfeatures.Softwarefaultsareoftenexposedbecauseusersusethesysteminunanticipatedways.Changingthesystemtoaccommodatetheirwayofworkingisthebestwaytofixthesefaults.IV.TranslatethefollowingpassagefromEnglishintoChinese:時間:二O二一年七月二十九日
時間:二O二一年七月二十九日軟件過程比較復(fù)雜,而且所有其他的智能和創(chuàng)造性過程一樣,依靠人們作出決定判斷。由于需要判斷和創(chuàng)造性,軟件過程自動化的測驗考試只取得了有限的成功。計算機輔助軟件工程工具支持軟件過程的某些活動。然而,至少是在未來幾年,不成能實現(xiàn)更廣泛的軟件過程自動化,使軟件能夠接介入軟件過程的工程師來從事創(chuàng)造性設(shè)計。計算機輔助軟件工程工具有效性有限,原因之一是軟件過程多種多樣。不存在理想的過程,而且多組織機構(gòu)發(fā)展了自己的軟件開發(fā)方法。軟件過程不竭演變,以利組織機構(gòu)中的人員的能力和開發(fā)中的系統(tǒng)的具體特點。對于一些系統(tǒng)來說,需要是一個高度結(jié)構(gòu)化的開發(fā)過程,而對于另外一些系統(tǒng)說,一個靈活敏捷的過程很可能更為有效。UnitFive/SectionBI.Fillintheblankswiththeinformationgiveninthetext:1.acceptance2.code3.automation;coverage4.regressionII.Translatethefollowingtermsorphrasesfromintoandversa:1.blackboxtesting黑測試(法)2.acceptancetesting驗測試3.codeexecutionpath代碼執(zhí)行路徑4.testharness測框5.equivalencepartitioning等價(類)劃分6.捕獲/回放工具capture/playbacktool7.視頻分辨率videoresolution8.白盒測試whiteboxtesting9.測試腳本testscript10.用例usecase時間:二O二一年七月二十九日
時間:二O二一年七月二十九日UnitFive/SectionCI.Fillintheblankswiththeinformationgiveninthetext:1.problem2.consequences3.designpecific;generalII.Translatethefollowingtermsorphrasesfromintoandversa:1.procedurallanguage過語言2.commondesignstructure通設(shè)計結(jié)構(gòu)3.classandobjectinteraction類對象交互4.designconstraint設(shè)約束5.設(shè)計模式designpattern6.可復(fù)用軟件reusablesoftware7.面向?qū)ο蟮南到y(tǒng)object-orientedsystem8.繼承條理inheritancehierarchyUnitSix:DatabaseUnitSix/SectionI.Fillintheblankswiththeinformationgiveninthetext:1.flat2.data;administrators;replicated;attributesII.Translatethefollowingtermsorphrasesfromintoandversa:1.enduser最用,終端用戶2.atomicoperation原操縱3.databaseadministrator數(shù)庫管理員4.relationaldatabasemodel關(guān)系數(shù)據(jù)庫模型時間:二O二一年七月二十九日
時間:二O二一年七月二十九日5.localdata當數(shù)6.object-orienteddatabase面對象數(shù)據(jù)庫7.databasemanagementsystem(DBMS)數(shù)據(jù)庫管理系統(tǒng)8.entity-relationshipmodel(ERM)實關(guān)系模型9.distributeddatabase分式數(shù)據(jù)庫10.flatfile平文11.二維表two-dimensionaltable12.數(shù)據(jù)屬性dataattribute13.數(shù)據(jù)庫對象databaseobject14.存儲設(shè)備storagedevice15.數(shù)據(jù)類型datatype16.數(shù)據(jù)拔出與刪除datainsertiondeletion17.條理數(shù)據(jù)庫模型hierarchicaldatabase18.數(shù)據(jù)庫體系結(jié)構(gòu)databasearchitecture19.關(guān)數(shù)庫理統(tǒng)relationaldatabasemanagementsystem(RDBMS)20.全局控制總線globalcontrolbusIII.Fillineachoftheblankswithoneofthewordsgiveninthefollowinglist,makingchangesifnecessary:Adatabaseisanycollectionofdataforstorageamemorydesignedforeasyaccessbyauthorizedusers.Thedatamaybetheformof,numbers,orencodedgraphics.SmalldatabaseswerefirstdevelopedfundedbytheU.S.governmentforagencyorprofessionaluse.Inthe1960s,somedatabasesbecamecommerciallyavailablebuttheirusewasfunnelled(傳)throughafewso-calledresearchcentersthatcollectedinformationinquiriesandhandledtheminbatches(,批量.Onlinedatabasesthatis,availabletoanyonewholinkuptothembycomputer—firstappearedinthe1970s.Sincetheirfirst,experimentalappearanceinthe1950s,databaseshavebecomesothattheycanbefoundinalmosteveryfieldofinformation.Government,military,andindustrialdatabasesare時間:二O二一年七月二十九日
時間:二O二一年七月二十九日oftenhighlyrestricted,andprofessionaldatabasesareusuallyoflimitedinterest.Awiderangeofcommercial,governmental,andnonprofitavailabletothegeneralpublic,however,andmaybeusedanyonewhoownsorhasaccesstotheequipmentthattheyrequire.IV.TranslatethefollowingpassagefromEnglishintoChinese:在關(guān)系數(shù)據(jù)庫中,表的行示記錄(關(guān)于分歧項的信息集),列暗示字段(一個錄的特定屬性)。在進行搜索時,關(guān)系數(shù)據(jù)將一個表中的一個字段的信息與另一個表的一個相應(yīng)字的信息進行匹配,以生成將來自這兩個表的所要求數(shù)據(jù)結(jié)合來的另一個表。例如,如果一個表包含EMPLOYEE-ID、FIRST-NAME和HIRE-DATE字段,另一個表包含DEPTSALARY字,系數(shù)據(jù)庫可匹配這兩個表中EMPLOYEE-ID段,以找到特定的信息,如所有掙到一定薪的雇員的姓名或所有在某個日期之后受雇的雇員所屬的部分換言之,關(guān)系數(shù)據(jù)庫使用個表中的匹配值,將一個表中的信息與另一個表中的信聯(lián)系起來。微型計算機數(shù)據(jù)庫產(chǎn)品一般是關(guān)系數(shù)據(jù)庫。UnitSix/SectionI.Fillintheblankswiththeinformationgiveninthetext:2.scheduler;exclusiveII.Translatethefollowingtermsorphrasesfromintoandversa:1.nonvolatilestorage非失性存儲系統(tǒng)2.equipmentmalfunction設(shè)故障3.wound-waitprotocol受―等待協(xié)議4.exclusivelock排鎖,互斥(型)鎖5.databaseintegrity數(shù)庫完整性6.共享鎖sharedlock時間:二O二一年七月二十九日
時間:二O二一年七月二十九日7.數(shù)據(jù)庫實現(xiàn)databaseimplementation8.級聯(lián)回滾cascadingrollback9.數(shù)據(jù)項dataitem10.分時操縱系統(tǒng)time-sharingoperatingsystemUnitSix/SectionI.Fillintheblankswiththeinformationgiveninthetext:1.patterns;data2.knowledge3.centralized;distributed4.wirelessII.Translatethefollowingtermsorphrasesfromintoandversa:1.dataset數(shù)據(jù)集2.datawarehouse數(shù)據(jù)庫3.WebcommunityWeb社,網(wǎng)絡(luò)社區(qū)4.sensornetwork傳器網(wǎng)絡(luò),傳感網(wǎng),感知網(wǎng)5.數(shù)據(jù)挖掘datamining6.社交網(wǎng)絡(luò)socialnetwork7.軟件錯誤softwarebug8.實時realtimeUnitSeven:ComputerNetworksUnitSeven/SectionAI.Fillintheblankswiththeinformationgiveninthetext:2.open;closed3.bus4.token;temporaryII.Translatethefollowingtermsorphrasesfromintoandversa:時間:二O二一年七月二十九日
時間:二O二一年七月二十九日1.fileserver文服器2.carriersense載檢測,載波監(jiān)聽3.protocolsuite協(xié)組,協(xié)議集4.peer-to-peermodel對模型5.bustopologynetwork總拓撲網(wǎng)絡(luò)6.inter-machinecooperation機間合作
溫馨提示
- 1. 本站所有資源如無特殊說明,都需要本地電腦安裝OFFICE2007和PDF閱讀器。圖紙軟件為CAD,CAXA,PROE,UG,SolidWorks等.壓縮文件請下載最新的WinRAR軟件解壓。
- 2. 本站的文檔不包含任何第三方提供的附件圖紙等,如果需要附件,請聯(lián)系上傳者。文件的所有權(quán)益歸上傳用戶所有。
- 3. 本站RAR壓縮包中若帶圖紙,網(wǎng)頁內(nèi)容里面會有圖紙預(yù)覽,若沒有圖紙預(yù)覽就沒有圖紙。
- 4. 未經(jīng)權(quán)益所有人同意不得將文件中的內(nèi)容挪作商業(yè)或盈利用途。
- 5. 人人文庫網(wǎng)僅提供信息存儲空間,僅對用戶上傳內(nèi)容的表現(xiàn)方式做保護處理,對用戶上傳分享的文檔內(nèi)容本身不做任何修改或編輯,并不能對任何下載內(nèi)容負責。
- 6. 下載文件中如有侵權(quán)或不適當內(nèi)容,請與我們聯(lián)系,我們立即糾正。
- 7. 本站不保證下載資源的準確性、安全性和完整性, 同時也不承擔用戶因使用這些下載資源對自己和他人造成任何形式的傷害或損失。
最新文檔
- 企業(yè)戰(zhàn)略管理中的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)力作用試題及答案
- 項目決策過程中的風險控制試題及答案
- 軟件項目的團隊協(xié)作模式試題及答案
- 行業(yè)規(guī)范與標準遵循計劃
- 廣東省汕頭市潮南區(qū)2025屆數(shù)學七下期末綜合測試模擬試題含解析
- 軟件設(shè)計師考試綜合策略分享試題及答案
- 2024年南陽師范學院輔導(dǎo)員考試真題
- 2024年南京藝術(shù)學院輔導(dǎo)員考試真題
- 2024年南方醫(yī)科大學輔導(dǎo)員考試真題
- 2024年溫州平陽縣婦幼保健院招聘筆試真題
- DCF-現(xiàn)金流貼現(xiàn)模型-Excel模版(dcf-估值模型)
- 甘肅敦煌莫高窟簡介
- 鐵皮石斛的抗氧化、保濕功效研究和應(yīng)用現(xiàn)狀
- GB/Z 18620.4-2008圓柱齒輪檢驗實施規(guī)范第4部分:表面結(jié)構(gòu)和輪齒接觸斑點的檢驗
- GB/T 1839-2008鋼產(chǎn)品鍍鋅層質(zhì)量試驗方法
- 制冷空調(diào)管件的焊接與質(zhì)量控制
- 公路工程工作總結(jié)范文
- 課件:第七章 社會工作項目結(jié)項(《社會工作項目策劃與評估》課程)
- 大型火力發(fā)電廠汽輪機知識資料培訓(xùn)課件
- 陜旅版六年級下冊英語知識點總結(jié)V
- 中債收益率曲線和中債估值的編制與應(yīng)用課件
評論
0/150
提交評論