《計(jì)算機(jī)英語(第4版)》課后練習(xí)參考答案

時(shí)間：二O二一年七月二十九日《計(jì)算英（第4版）》習(xí)參考案之南幫珍創(chuàng)作時(shí)間：二二年七月二十九日UnitOne:ComputerandComputerScienceUnitOne/SectionI.Fillintheblankswiththeinformationgiveninthetext:1.CharlesBabbage;AugustaAda2.input;output3.VLSI4.workstations;mainframes5.vacuum;transistors6.instructions;software7.digit;eight;byte8.microminiaturization;chipII.Translatethefollowingtermsorphrasesfromintoandversa:1.artificialintelligence人智能2.paper-tapereader紙帶閱讀器3.opticalcomputer光算機(jī)4.neuralnetwork神網(wǎng)絡(luò)5.instructionset指令集6.parallelprocessing并處理7.differenceengine差分機(jī)8.versatilelogicalelement通邏輯元件9.siliconsubstrate硅底10.vacuumtube真空管11.數(shù)據(jù)的存儲(chǔ)與處理thestoragehandlingof12.超大規(guī)模集成電路verylarge-scaleintegratedcircuit13.中央處理器centralprocessing14.個(gè)人計(jì)算機(jī)personalcomputer時(shí)間：二O二一年七月二十九日

時(shí)間：二O二一年七月二十九日15.模擬計(jì)算機(jī)analoguecomputer16.數(shù)字計(jì)算機(jī)digitalcomputer17.通用計(jì)算機(jī)general-purposecomputer18.處理器芯片processorchip19.操縱指令operatinginstructions20.輸入設(shè)備inputdeviceIII.Fillineachoftheblankswithoneofthewordsgiveninthefollowinglist,makingchangesifnecessary:Wecandefineacomputerasadevicethatacceptsinput,processesdata,storesdata,andproducesoutput.Accordingtothemodeofprocessing,computersareeitheranalogor.Theycanalsobeclassifiedmainframes,,workstations,ormicrocomputers.Allelse(forexample,theageofthemachine)beingequal,thiscategorizationprovidessomeindicationofthecomputer,size,cost,andabilities.Eversincetheadventofcomputers,therehavebeenconstantchanges.First-generationcomputersofhistoric,suchasUNIVAC(用自動(dòng)計(jì)算機(jī),introducedintheearly1950s,werebasedonvacuumtubes.Second-generationcomputers,appearingintheearly1960s,werethoseinwhichtransistorsWordStrdvacuumtubes.Inthird-generationcomputers,datingfromthe1960s,integratedcircuitsWordStrdtransistors.Infourth-generationcomputerssuchas,whichfirstappearedinthemid-1970s,large-scaleintegrationenabledthousandsofcircuitstobeincorporatedononechip.Fifth-generationcomputersareexpectedtocombinevery-large-scaleintegrationwithsophisticatedapproachesto,includingartificialintelligenceandtruedistributedprocessing.IV.TranslatethefollowingpassagefromEnglishintoChinese:時(shí)間：二O二一年七月二十九日

時(shí)間：二O二一年七月二十九日計(jì)算機(jī)將變得更加先進(jìn)，將變得更加容易使用。語音識(shí)此外改進(jìn)將使計(jì)算的操縱更加容易。虛擬現(xiàn)實(shí)，即使用所有人官能與計(jì)算機(jī)進(jìn)行交互的技術(shù)，也將有助于創(chuàng)建更好人機(jī)接口。人們正在開發(fā)其他的奇異算模型，包含使用生物機(jī)體的生物計(jì)算、使用具有特定性的分子的分子計(jì)算，以及使用遺傳基本單位DNA（氧糖核酸）存儲(chǔ)數(shù)據(jù)和執(zhí)行運(yùn)算的計(jì)算。這些都是可能的未來計(jì)算臺(tái)的例子，而它們迄今還能力有限或完全屬于理論范疇科學(xué)家們研究它們，是因嵌入硅中的電路的微小型化受到物理限制。還有一些限制與即使最微的晶體管也會(huì)發(fā)生的熱量有關(guān)。UnitOne/SectionI.Fillintheblankswiththeinformationgiveninthetext:1.erdisciplinary4.microprocessorII.Translatethefollowingtermsorphrasesfromintoandversa:1.artificialneuralnetwork人神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)2.computerarchitecture計(jì)算機(jī)體系結(jié)構(gòu)3.robustcomputerprogram健的計(jì)算機(jī)程序4.human-computerinterface人接口5.knowledgerepresentation知暗示6.數(shù)值分析numericalanalysis7.程序設(shè)計(jì)環(huán)境programmingenvironment8.數(shù)據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu)datastructure9.存儲(chǔ)和檢索信息storeandretrieveinformation10.虛擬現(xiàn)實(shí)virtualrealityUnitOne/SectionI.Fillintheblankswiththeinformationgiveninthe時(shí)間：二O二一年七月二十九日

時(shí)間：二O二一年七月二十九日text:1.output2.supercomputer3.microcontroller4.handheld;convergenceII.Translatethefollowingtermsorphrasesfromintoandversa:1.Webpage（維網(wǎng)頁2.touchscreen觸摸屏觸屏3.bladeserver刀片服務(wù)4.removablestoragedevice移（式）存儲(chǔ)設(shè)備5.聲卡soundcard6.存儲(chǔ)服務(wù)器storageserver7.便攜式媒體播放器portablemediaplayer8.硬盤harddiskUnitTwo:ComputerArchitectureUnitTwo/SectionIintheblankswiththeinformationgiveninthetext:1.input;output;storage2.BasicInput/OutputSystem3.flatbed;hand-held4.LCD-based5.dot-matrix;inkjet6.disk;memory7.volatile8.serial;parallelII.Translatethefollowingtermsorphrasesfromintoandversa:1.functionkey功能鍵操縱鍵，函數(shù)鍵2.voicerecognitionmodule語識(shí)別模塊3.touch-sensitiveregion觸區(qū)4.addressbus地址線5.flatbedscanner平掃描儀6.dot-matrixprinter點(diǎn)陣打印機(jī)（針式打印機(jī)）時(shí)間：二O二一年七月二十九日

時(shí)間：二O二一年七月二十九日7.parallelconnection并連接8.cathoderaytube陰射線管9.videogame電游10.audiosignal音信號(hào)11.操縱系統(tǒng)operatingsystem12.液晶顯示（器）LCD(liquidcrystaldisplay)13.噴墨打印機(jī)inkjetprinter14.數(shù)據(jù)總線databus15.串行連接serialconnection性存儲(chǔ)器volatilememory17.激光打印機(jī)laserprinter18.磁盤驅(qū)動(dòng)器diskdrive／輸出系統(tǒng)BIOS(BasicInput/OutputSystem)20.視頻顯示器videodisplayIII.Fillineachoftheblankswithoneofthewordsgiveninthefollowinglist,makingchangesifnecessary:CD-ROMstandsforcompactdiscread-onlymemory.Unlikefloppyandharddisks,whichusemagneticchargestorepresent1sand0s,opticaldiscsusereflectedlight.OnaCD-ROMdisc,1sand0sarerepresentedflatareasandbumpy(高不的)areas(called“pits”)onitsbottomsurface.TheCD-ROMdiscreadbyalaserthatprojectsatinybeamoflightontheseareas.Theamountofreflectedlightdetermineswhetherthearearepresentsa1ora0.LikeaCDfoundinmusicstores,aCD-ROMa“read-only.Read-onlymeansitcannotbewrittenonorerasedbytheuser.Thus,youasauserhaveaccessonlytothedataimprinted(壓)bythepublisher.AsingleCD-ROMdisccanstore650s(兆節(jié))ofdata.Thatisequivalentto451floppydisks.Withthatmuchinformationonsingledisc,thetimetoretrieveoraccesstheinformationisveryimportant.AnimportantcharacteristicofCD-ROM時(shí)間：二O二一年七月二十九日

時(shí)間：二O二一年七月二十九日drivestheiraccessIV.TranslatethefollowingpassagefromEnglishintoChinese:調(diào)制解調(diào)器是在模擬與數(shù)信號(hào)之間進(jìn)行轉(zhuǎn)換的設(shè)備。計(jì)算機(jī)使用的是數(shù)字信號(hào)這種信號(hào)由離散單元組成，通經(jīng)常使用一系列1和0暗示。模擬信號(hào)是連續(xù)變更的；波就是模擬信號(hào)的一個(gè)例子。調(diào)制解調(diào)器經(jīng)經(jīng)常使用于現(xiàn)計(jì)算機(jī)之間通過電話線的互相通信。調(diào)制解調(diào)器將發(fā)送端計(jì)算的數(shù)字信號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)換成可通過電話線傳輸?shù)哪M信號(hào)。信號(hào)到達(dá)目的地后，另外個(gè)調(diào)制解調(diào)器重構(gòu)原來的數(shù)字信號(hào)，供接收端計(jì)算機(jī)處。如果兩個(gè)調(diào)制解調(diào)器可同互相發(fā)送數(shù)據(jù)，那么它們采取的就是全雙工工作方式；果一次只有一個(gè)調(diào)制解調(diào)器可以發(fā)送數(shù)據(jù)，那么它們采取的是半雙工工作方式。UnitTwo/SectionI.Fillintheblankswiththeinformationgiveninthetext:1.graphical2.file;schedulerII.Translatethefollowingtermsorphrasesfromintoandversa:1.interrupthandler中處理程序2.virtualmemory虛存儲(chǔ)（器），虛存，虛擬內(nèi)存3.contextswitch上文轉(zhuǎn)換，語境轉(zhuǎn)換4.mainmemory主（器）5.bitpattern位式6.外圍設(shè)備peripheraldevice7.進(jìn)程表processtable8.時(shí)間片timeslice9.圖形用戶界面graphicaluserinterface10.海量存儲(chǔ)器massstorage時(shí)間：二O二一年七月二十九日

時(shí)間：二O二一年七月二十九日UnitTwo/SectionI.Fillintheblankswiththeinformationgiveninthetext:1.repository2.central;work4.layered或abstractmachineII.Translatethefollowingtermsorphrasesfromintoandversa:1.codegenerator代生成程序，代碼發(fā)生器2.abstractmachine抽機(jī)3.programeditor程編輯程序，程序編輯器4.configurationitem配項(xiàng)5.計(jì)算機(jī)輔助設(shè)計(jì)CAD(computer-aideddesign)6.數(shù)據(jù)冗余dataredundancy7.指揮與控制系統(tǒng)commandandcontrolsystem8.視頻壓縮與解壓縮videocompressionanddecompressionUnitThree:ComputerLanguageandProgrammingUnitThree/SectionAI.Fillintheblankswiththeinformationgiveninthetext:1.artificial;instructions2.low-level;high-levelachine5.functional;logictatementodule8.digitalII.Translatethefollowingtermsorphrasesfromintoandversa:1.storageregister存寄存器2.functionstatement函語句3.programstatement程語句時(shí)間：二O二一年七月二十九日

時(shí)間：二O二一年七月二十九日4.object-orientedlanguage面對(duì)象語言5.assemblylanguage匯編言6.intermediatelanguage中語言，中級(jí)語言7.relationallanguage關(guān)系型）語言8.artificiallanguage人工言9.datadeclaration數(shù)聲明10.StructuredQueryLanguage結(jié)化查詢語言11.可執(zhí)行程序executableprogram12.程序模塊programmodule13.條件語句conditionalstatement14.賦值語句assignmentstatement15.邏輯語言logiclanguage16.機(jī)器語言machinelanguage17.函數(shù)式語言functionallanguage18.程序設(shè)計(jì)語言programminglanguage19.運(yùn)行計(jì)算機(jī)程序runacomputerprogram20.計(jì)算機(jī)程序員computerprogrammerIII.Fillineachoftheblankswithoneofthewordsgiveninthefollowinglist,makingchangesifnecessary:AprogramminglanguageisalanguageusedtowriteinstructionsfortheItletstheexpressdataprocessinginasymbolicmannerwithoutregardmachine-specificdetails.Thedifficultyofwritingprogramsinthemachinelanguage0sand1sledfirsttothedevelopmentofassemblylanguage,whichallowsprogrammerstousemnemonics(助記符)forinstructionsandsymbolsforvariables.Suchprogramsarethentranslatedbyaprogramknownasanassembler(匯程序，匯編器)intothebinaryencodingusedbythe.Otherpiecesofsystemsoftwareknownaslinkingloaders(連裝入程序)combinepiecesofassembledcodeandloadthemintothemachine’smainmemoryunit,wheretheyarethenreadyforexecution.Theconceptoflinkingseparatepiecesofcodewasimportant,sinceit時(shí)間：二O二一年七月二十九日

時(shí)間：二O二一年七月二十九日allowed“l(fā)ibraries”ofprogramstobebuiltuptocarryoutcommon—afirststeptowardtheincreasinglyemphasizednotionofsoftware.Assemblylanguagewasfoundtobesufficientlyinconvenientthathigher-levellanguages(closertonaturallanguages)wereinventedinthe1950sforeasier,fasterprogramming;alongwiththemcametheneedforprogramsthattranslatehigh-levellanguageprogramsintomachinecode.Asprogramminglanguagesbecamemorepowerfulandabstract,buildingefficientcompilersthatcreatehigh-qualitycodeintermsofexecutionspeedandstorageconsumptionbecameaninterestingcomputerscienceprobleminitself.IV.TranslatethefollowingpassagefromEnglishintoChinese:面向?qū)ο蟪绦蛟O(shè)計(jì)語言，C++Java，于傳統(tǒng)的高級(jí)語言，但它們使程序設(shè)計(jì)能夠從合作對(duì)象集而非命令列表的角度進(jìn)行思考。諸如圓之類的對(duì)象具有像的半徑一類的屬性，以及在計(jì)算機(jī)屏幕上繪制該對(duì)象的令。一個(gè)對(duì)象類可以從其他的象類繼承特征。例如，定義正方形的類可以從定義長(zhǎng)方的類那里繼承直角等特征。這一套程序設(shè)計(jì)類簡(jiǎn)化了序設(shè)計(jì)員的工作，帶來了更多“可復(fù)用的”計(jì)算機(jī)代碼可復(fù)用代碼使程序設(shè)計(jì)員以使用已經(jīng)設(shè)計(jì)、編寫和測(cè)試的代碼。這使得程序設(shè)計(jì)員的工作得比較容易，并帶來更加可靠和高效的程序。UnitThree/SectionBI.Fillintheblankswiththeinformationgiveninthetext:bjects2.platform-independentultithreadinguntime時(shí)間：二O二一年七月二十九日

時(shí)間：二O二一年七月二十九日II.Translatethefollowingtermsorphrasesfromintoandversa:1.nativecode本（）碼2.headerfile頭文；頁眉文件3.multithreadedprogram多線程程序4.Java-enabledbrowser支Java的覽5.maliciouscode惡代碼6.機(jī)器碼machinecode7.匯編碼assemblycode8.特洛伊木馬程序Trojanhorse9.軟件包softwarepackage10.類條理classhierarchyUnitThree/SectionCI.Fillintheblankswiththeinformationgiveninthetext:1.subscript;index2.fixedII.Translatethefollowingtermsorphrasesfromintoandversa:1.barchart條圖2.frequencyarray頻數(shù)組3.graphicalrepresentation圖暗示4.multidimensionalarray多維數(shù)組5.用戶視圖user(’s)view6.下標(biāo)形式subscriptform7.一維數(shù)組one-dimensionalarray8.編程結(jié)構(gòu)programmingconstructUnitFour:SoftwareDevelopmentUnitFour/SectionAI.Fillintheblankswiththeinformationgiveninthetext:1.application;operating2.assemblers時(shí)間：二O二一年七月二十九日

時(shí)間：二O二一年七月二十九日3.erpreterebuggeroop7.driver8.JohnvonNeumannII.Translatethefollowingtermsorphrasesfromintoandversa:1.inferenceengine推理機(jī)2.systemcall系調(diào)3.compiledlanguage編執(zhí)行的語言4.parallelcomputing并計(jì)算5.patternmatching模匹配6.memorylocation存單元7.interpreterprogram解釋程序8.libraryroutine庫序，程序庫例行程序9.intermediateprogram中程序，過渡程序10.sourcefile源文件11.解釋執(zhí)行的語言interpretedlanguage12.設(shè)備驅(qū)動(dòng)程序devicedriver13.源程序sourceprogram14.調(diào)試程序debuggingprogram15.目標(biāo)代碼objectcode16.應(yīng)用程序applicationprogram17.實(shí)用程序utilityprogram18.邏輯程序logicprogram19.墨盒inkcartridge20.程序的存儲(chǔ)與執(zhí)行programstorageandexecutionIII.Fillineachoftheblankswithoneofthewordsgiveninthefollowinglist,makingchangesifnecessary:Acompiler,incomputerscience,isacomputerprogramthattranslatessourcecodeintoobjectcode.Softwareengineerssourcecodeusinghigh-levelprogramminglanguagesthatpeoplecanunderstand.Computerscannotdirectlyexecutesourcecode,but時(shí)間：二O二一年七月二十九日

時(shí)間：二O二一年七月二十九日needacompilertotranslatetheseinstructionsintoalow-levellanguagecalledmachinecode.Compilerscollectandreorganize(compile)alltheinstructionsinagivensetofsourcecodetoobjectcode.Objectcodeisoftenthesameorsimilartoacomputer’smachinecode.Iftheobjectcodeisthesameasthemachinelanguage,thecomputercanruntheprogramimmediatelyafterthecompilerproducesits.Iftheobjectcodeisnotinmachinelanguage,otherprograms—suchas,binders(聯(lián)編程序),linkers,andloaders(加載程序—finishthetranslation.Mostcomputerlanguagesdifferentversionsofcompilersfordifferenttypesofcomputersoroperatingsystems,soonelanguagemayhavedifferentcompilersforpersonalcomputers(PC)andAppleMacintoshcomputers.Manydifferentmanufacturersoftenproduceversionsofthesameprogramminglanguage,compilersforlanguagemayvarybetweenmanufacturers.IV.TranslatethefollowingpassagefromEnglishintoChinese:在軟件中，錯(cuò)誤是指導(dǎo)致序發(fā)生故障或發(fā)生不正確結(jié)果的編碼或邏輯錯(cuò)誤。較輕微的錯(cuò)誤，如光標(biāo)表異常，會(huì)造成方便或帶來挫折，但不會(huì)對(duì)信息發(fā)生破性影響。較嚴(yán)重的錯(cuò)誤會(huì)導(dǎo)致程序中止”（對(duì)命令停止反應(yīng)），可能使用戶別無選擇，只重新啟動(dòng)程序，結(jié)果致使任何前面已經(jīng)做好但尚未保管的工丟失。兩種情況無論是哪一種，序員都必須憑借稱為調(diào)試的過程，發(fā)現(xiàn)并改正錯(cuò)誤。由于錯(cuò)誤對(duì)重要數(shù)據(jù)的潛危險(xiǎn)，商用應(yīng)用程序在發(fā)行前要經(jīng)過盡可能全面的測(cè)試調(diào)試。程序發(fā)行后發(fā)現(xiàn)的較輕微誤在下一次更新時(shí)改正；較嚴(yán)重的錯(cuò)誤有時(shí)可用稱為補(bǔ)的特殊軟件加以修補(bǔ)，以規(guī)避問題或減輕其影響。時(shí)間：二O二一年七月二十九日

時(shí)間：二O二一年七月二十九日UnitFour/SectionBI.Fillintheblankswiththeinformationgiveninthetext:1.entity2.duration3.data;process或process;dataII.Translatethefollowingtermsorphrasesfromintoandversa:1.checkbox復(fù)選框選擇框，校驗(yàn)框tructureddesign結(jié)化設(shè)計(jì)3.buildingblock積塊，構(gòu)建模塊，構(gòu)件4.databaseschema數(shù)據(jù)庫模式5.radiobutton單選（）鈕6.系統(tǒng)建模技術(shù)systemmodelingtechnique7.模型驅(qū)動(dòng)開發(fā)model-drivendevelopment8.數(shù)據(jù)流程圖dataflowdiagram9.下拉式菜單drop-down(或pull-down)menu10.滾動(dòng)條scrollbarUnitFour/SectionCI.Fillintheblankswiththeinformationgiveninthetext:eterogeneoussynchronousridges4.opennessII.Translatethefollowingtermsorphrasesfromintoandversa:1.procedurecall過調(diào)用2.faulttolerance容3.homogeneoussystem同系統(tǒng)4.autonomousagent自主體5.路由算法routingalgorithm6.異構(gòu)型環(huán)境heterogeneousenvironment7.多址通信協(xié)議multicastprotocol時(shí)間：二O二一年七月二十九日

時(shí)間：二O二一年七月二十九日8.通信鏈路communication(s)linkUnitFive:SoftwareProcessUnitFive/SectionAI.Fillintheblankswiththeinformationgiveninthetext:1.off-the-shelf2.exclusive4.requirements;integration5.throwaway;stable;framework;compromisesII.Translatethefollowingtermsorphrasesfromintoandversa:1.systemspecification系規(guī)格說明2.unittesting單（單元、部件）測(cè)試3.softwarelifecycle軟生命周期（或生存周期）4.systemvalidationtesting系驗(yàn)證測(cè)試5.evolutionarydevelopmentprocess演開發(fā)過程6.linearmodel線模7.programunit程序單8.throwawayprototype拋式原型9.textformatting正格式編排，文本格式化10.systemevolution系演變11.系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)范例systemdesignparadigm12.需求分析與定義requirementsanalysisanddefinition13.探索式編程方法exploratoryprogrammingapproach14.系統(tǒng)文件編制systemdocumentation15.瀑布模型waterfallmodel16.系統(tǒng)集成systemintegration商現(xiàn)成軟件commercialoff-the-shelf(或COTS)software18.基于組件的軟工程component-basedsoftware時(shí)間：二O二一年七月二十九日

時(shí)間：二O二一年七月二十九日engineering(CBSE)19.軟件維護(hù)工具softwaremaintenance20.軟件復(fù)用softwarereuseIII.Fillineachoftheblankswithoneofthewordsgiveninthefollowinglist,makingchangesifnecessary:Therearethreedifferenttypesofsoftwaremaintenance.Firstly,thereismaintenancetorepairsoftwarefaults.Codingerrorsareusuallyrelativelycheaptocorrect;designerrorsaremoreexpensiveastheymayinvolverewritingseveralprogramcomponents.Requirementserrorsarethemostexpensivetorepairbecausethesystemredesignthatmaybenecessary.Secondly,thereismaintenancetoadaptthesoftwaretoadifferentoperatingenvironment.Thistypeofmaintenanceisrequiredwhensomeaspectofthesystem’senvironmentsuchasthehardware,tplatformoperatingsystemorothersupportsoftwarechanges.Theapplicationsystemmustbemodifiedadaptittocopewiththeseenvironmentalchanges.Andthirdly,thereismaintenancetoaddormodifythesystem’sfunctionality.Thistypeofmaintenancenecessarywhenthesystemrequirementschangeinresponsetoorganizationalorbusinesschange.Thescaleofthechangesrequiredtotheisoftenmuchgreaterfortheothertypesofmaintenance.In,thereisn’taclear-cutdistinctionbetweenthesetypesofmaintenance.Whenyouadaptthesystemtoanewenvironment,youmayaddfunctionalitytotakeadvantageofnewenvironmentalfeatures.Softwarefaultsareoftenexposedbecauseusersusethesysteminunanticipatedways.Changingthesystemtoaccommodatetheirwayofworkingisthebestwaytofixthesefaults.IV.TranslatethefollowingpassagefromEnglishintoChinese:時(shí)間：二O二一年七月二十九日

時(shí)間：二O二一年七月二十九日軟件過程比較復(fù)雜，而且所有其他的智能和創(chuàng)造性過程一樣，依靠人們作出決定判斷。由于需要判斷和創(chuàng)造性，軟件過程自動(dòng)化的測(cè)驗(yàn)考試只取得了有限的成功。計(jì)算機(jī)輔助軟件工程工具支持軟件過程的某些活動(dòng)。然而，至少是在未來幾年，不成能實(shí)現(xiàn)更廣泛的軟件過程自動(dòng)化，使軟件能夠接介入軟件過程的工程師來從事創(chuàng)造性設(shè)計(jì)。計(jì)算機(jī)輔助軟件工程工具有效性有限，原因之一是軟件過程多種多樣。不存在理想的過程，而且多組織機(jī)構(gòu)發(fā)展了自己的軟件開發(fā)方法。軟件過程不竭演變，以利組織機(jī)構(gòu)中的人員的能力和開發(fā)中的系統(tǒng)的具體特點(diǎn)。對(duì)于一些系統(tǒng)來說，需要是一個(gè)高度結(jié)構(gòu)化的開發(fā)過程，而對(duì)于另外一些系統(tǒng)說，一個(gè)靈活敏捷的過程很可能更為有效。UnitFive/SectionBI.Fillintheblankswiththeinformationgiveninthetext:1.acceptance2.code3.automation;coverage4.regressionII.Translatethefollowingtermsorphrasesfromintoandversa:1.blackboxtesting黑測(cè)試（法）2.acceptancetesting驗(yàn)測(cè)試3.codeexecutionpath代碼執(zhí)行路徑4.testharness測(cè)框5.equivalencepartitioning等價(jià)（類）劃分6.捕獲／回放工具capture/playbacktool7.視頻分辨率videoresolution8.白盒測(cè)試whiteboxtesting9.測(cè)試腳本testscript10.用例usecase時(shí)間：二O二一年七月二十九日

時(shí)間：二O二一年七月二十九日UnitFive/SectionCI.Fillintheblankswiththeinformationgiveninthetext:1.problem2.consequences3.designpecific;generalII.Translatethefollowingtermsorphrasesfromintoandversa:1.procedurallanguage過語言2.commondesignstructure通設(shè)計(jì)結(jié)構(gòu)3.classandobjectinteraction類對(duì)象交互4.designconstraint設(shè)約束5.設(shè)計(jì)模式designpattern6.可復(fù)用軟件reusablesoftware7.面向?qū)ο蟮南到y(tǒng)object-orientedsystem8.繼承條理inheritancehierarchyUnitSix:DatabaseUnitSix/SectionI.Fillintheblankswiththeinformationgiveninthetext:1.flat2.data;administrators;replicated;attributesII.Translatethefollowingtermsorphrasesfromintoandversa:1.enduser最用，終端用戶2.atomicoperation原操縱3.databaseadministrator數(shù)庫管理員4.relationaldatabasemodel關(guān)系數(shù)據(jù)庫模型時(shí)間：二O二一年七月二十九日

時(shí)間：二O二一年七月二十九日5.localdata當(dāng)數(shù)6.object-orienteddatabase面對(duì)象數(shù)據(jù)庫7.databasemanagementsystem(DBMS)數(shù)據(jù)庫管理系統(tǒng)8.entity-relationshipmodel(ERM)實(shí)關(guān)系模型9.distributeddatabase分式數(shù)據(jù)庫10.flatfile平文11.二維表two-dimensionaltable12.數(shù)據(jù)屬性dataattribute13.數(shù)據(jù)庫對(duì)象databaseobject14.存儲(chǔ)設(shè)備storagedevice15.數(shù)據(jù)類型datatype16.數(shù)據(jù)拔出與刪除datainsertiondeletion17.條理數(shù)據(jù)庫模型hierarchicaldatabase18.數(shù)據(jù)庫體系結(jié)構(gòu)databasearchitecture19.關(guān)數(shù)庫理統(tǒng)relationaldatabasemanagementsystem(RDBMS)20.全局控制總線globalcontrolbusIII.Fillineachoftheblankswithoneofthewordsgiveninthefollowinglist,makingchangesifnecessary:Adatabaseisanycollectionofdataforstorageamemorydesignedforeasyaccessbyauthorizedusers.Thedatamaybetheformof,numbers,orencodedgraphics.SmalldatabaseswerefirstdevelopedfundedbytheU.S.governmentforagencyorprofessionaluse.Inthe1960s,somedatabasesbecamecommerciallyavailablebuttheirusewasfunnelled(傳)throughafewso-calledresearchcentersthatcollectedinformationinquiriesandhandledtheminbatches(，批量.Onlinedatabasesthatis,availabletoanyonewholinkuptothembycomputer—firstappearedinthe1970s.Sincetheirfirst,experimentalappearanceinthe1950s,databaseshavebecomesothattheycanbefoundinalmosteveryfieldofinformation.Government,military,andindustrialdatabasesare時(shí)間：二O二一年七月二十九日

時(shí)間：二O二一年七月二十九日oftenhighlyrestricted,andprofessionaldatabasesareusuallyoflimitedinterest.Awiderangeofcommercial,governmental,andnonprofitavailabletothegeneralpublic,however,andmaybeusedanyonewhoownsorhasaccesstotheequipmentthattheyrequire.IV.TranslatethefollowingpassagefromEnglishintoChinese:在關(guān)系數(shù)據(jù)庫中，表的行示記錄（關(guān)于分歧項(xiàng)的信息集），列暗示字段（一個(gè)錄的特定屬性）。在進(jìn)行搜索時(shí)，關(guān)系數(shù)據(jù)將一個(gè)表中的一個(gè)字段的信息與另一個(gè)表的一個(gè)相應(yīng)字的信息進(jìn)行匹配，以生成將來自這兩個(gè)表的所要求數(shù)據(jù)結(jié)合來的另一個(gè)表。例如，如果一個(gè)表包含EMPLOYEE-ID、FIRST-NAME和HIRE-DATE字段，另一個(gè)表包含DEPTSALARY字，系數(shù)據(jù)庫可匹配這兩個(gè)表中EMPLOYEE-ID段，以找到特定的信息，如所有掙到一定薪的雇員的姓名或所有在某個(gè)日期之后受雇的雇員所屬的部分換言之，關(guān)系數(shù)據(jù)庫使用個(gè)表中的匹配值，將一個(gè)表中的信息與另一個(gè)表中的信聯(lián)系起來。微型計(jì)算機(jī)數(shù)據(jù)庫產(chǎn)品一般是關(guān)系數(shù)據(jù)庫。UnitSix/SectionI.Fillintheblankswiththeinformationgiveninthetext:2.scheduler;exclusiveII.Translatethefollowingtermsorphrasesfromintoandversa:1.nonvolatilestorage非失性存儲(chǔ)系統(tǒng)2.equipmentmalfunction設(shè)故障3.wound-waitprotocol受―等待協(xié)議4.exclusivelock排鎖，互斥（型）鎖5.databaseintegrity數(shù)庫完整性6.共享鎖sharedlock時(shí)間：二O二一年七月二十九日

時(shí)間：二O二一年七月二十九日7.數(shù)據(jù)庫實(shí)現(xiàn)databaseimplementation8.級(jí)聯(lián)回滾cascadingrollback9.數(shù)據(jù)項(xiàng)dataitem10.分時(shí)操縱系統(tǒng)time-sharingoperatingsystemUnitSix/SectionI.Fillintheblankswiththeinformationgiveninthetext:1.patterns;data2.knowledge3.centralized;distributed4.wirelessII.Translatethefollowingtermsorphrasesfromintoandversa:1.dataset數(shù)據(jù)集2.datawarehouse數(shù)據(jù)庫3.WebcommunityWeb社，網(wǎng)絡(luò)社區(qū)4.sensornetwork傳器網(wǎng)絡(luò)，傳感網(wǎng)，感知網(wǎng)5.數(shù)據(jù)挖掘datamining6.社交網(wǎng)絡(luò)socialnetwork7.軟件錯(cuò)誤softwarebug8.實(shí)時(shí)realtimeUnitSeven:ComputerNetworksUnitSeven/SectionAI.Fillintheblankswiththeinformationgiveninthetext:2.open;closed3.bus4.token;temporaryII.Translatethefollowingtermsorphrasesfromintoandversa:時(shí)間：二O二一年七月二十九日

時(shí)間：二O二一年七月二十九日1.fileserver文服器2.carriersense載檢測(cè)，載波監(jiān)聽3.protocolsuite協(xié)組，協(xié)議集4.peer-to-peermodel對(duì)模型5.bustopologynetwork總拓?fù)渚W(wǎng)絡(luò)6.inter-machinecooperation機(jī)間合作