用高三英語總復(fù)習(xí)-閱讀理解詞義猜測題

用高三英語總復(fù)習(xí)-閱讀理解詞義猜測題第一頁，共49頁。人教版高三總復(fù)習(xí)閱讀理解猜測詞義第二頁，共49頁。高考大綱中關(guān)于閱讀理解的要求要求考生讀懂熟悉的有關(guān)日常生活話題的簡短文字材料，例如公告、說明、廣告以及書、報(bào)、雜志中關(guān)于一般性話題的簡短文章。考生應(yīng)能：１、理解主旨要義；２、理解文中具體信息；３、根據(jù)上下文推斷生詞的詞義；４、作出簡單判斷和理解；５、理解文章的基本結(jié)構(gòu)；６、理解作者的意圖和態(tài)度。第三頁，共49頁。HeavynewsHeavyfoodHeavywaterHeavyappearanceHeavysleeperHeavysmoker晴天霹靂熱量高的食物硬水粗陋的長相睡覺沉的人煙鬼第四頁，共49頁。Hisfatherhasdied.Hisfatherhaspassedaway.Hisoldmanhaskickedthebucket.Hisbelovedfatherhasjoinedtheheavenlychoir.他爹死了。他父親去世了。他家老爺子蹬腿了。其父已駕鶴西游了。第五頁，共49頁。1、定義或解釋說明

猜詞技巧2、對比關(guān)系3、因果關(guān)系4、舉例法5、重述6、同義詞、近義詞7、生活經(jīng)驗(yàn),生活常識,邏輯推理8.根據(jù)生詞所在的上下文猜測詞義9.根據(jù)常見的前綴，詞根和后綴進(jìn)行猜詞第六頁，共49頁。1、定義或解釋說明Amosquitoisasmallflyingpestthatthrusttheskinandthendrinkblood.

Desertcanbedefinedasalargeareaoflandwherethereisnotenoughrainandvegetationtosupporthumanlife.●信號詞：be,becalled,means,bedefinedas蚊子沙漠第七頁，共49頁。Ex.1◎Apersonwhoisskilledatmakingorrepairingwoodenobjectsiscalledacarpenter.◎Hisuncleisazoologist,anexpertwhodoesresearchonanimals.◎Theherdsman,wholooksaftersheep,earnsabout650yuanayear.◎Weareonthenightshift---frommidnightto8a.m.---thisweek.

木匠

動物學(xué)家

牧人

夜班第八頁，共49頁。2、對比關(guān)系ThoughTom’sfacehasbeenwashedquiteclean,hisneckstillremainsgrubby.Johnusuallywastesalotofmoneyonsuchuselessthings,hiswife,however,isverythrifty.信號詞:but,however,yet,otherwise,while,though,ontheonehand…ontheotherhand,foronething…foranotherthing,insteadof等污穢的節(jié)約的第九頁，共49頁。Ex.2◎Inthepasttheworldseemedtoruninanorderlyway.Now,however,everythingseemstobeinastateofturmoil.

◎Ifyouagree,write“yes”;ifyoudissent,write“no”.

混亂不同意第十頁，共49頁。3、因果關(guān)系Rubbercanbemadetostretchmorethanninetimesitsnormallengthbecauseitisveryelastic.Theriverissoturbidthatitisimpossibletoseethebottomevenwhenitisshallow.信號詞:because,since,as,for,dueto,so,therefore,so…that,such…that,thus彈性的混濁的第十一頁，共49頁。Ex.3◎He’ssuchashrewdbusinessmanthathelosesnomoneyinanytrade.

◎Shewantedthehairdressertotrimherhairabitbecauseitwastoolong.

精明的

修剪第十二頁，共49頁。4、舉例法Carsmusthavecertainsafetydevicessuchasseatbelt,headlights,andgoodbrakes.Onthefarmtheymainlyraisepoultry,suchaschickens,ducksandgeese,fortheireggsandmeat.家禽裝置信號詞:such,suchas,like,forexample/instance,especially,include,consistof第十三頁，共49頁。5、重述Insomecountrieswherethereisverylittlerain,thefarmershavetoirrigate,orwater,theirfields.Allwhalesfallintotwogroups,thosewithteethandthosewithout,Dolphinsbelongtoodontoceti,thatistosay,theyaretoothedwhales.信號詞:or,thatis(tosay),inotherwords,toputitanotherway,i.e.灌溉有牙齒的第十四頁，共49頁。6、同義詞、近義詞Thenewtaxlawsupersedes,orreplaces,thelawthatwasineffectlastyear.

Motherwastall,fatandmiddle-aged.Myauntwasanoldwoman,almostasplump

asmother,andmuchshorter.信號詞:or,like,as…as,thesameas替代圓胖的,第十五頁，共49頁。7、生活經(jīng)驗(yàn),生活常識,邏輯推理Whenadoctorperformsanoperationonapatient,heusuallygivesananaesthetic

tomakehimunconscious,becausehedoesnotwanthispatienttofeelpainortoknowwhatishappeningtohim.Whenyouthrowastoneintostillwaterofalake,youwillwatcharipplespreadinringsonthesurfaceofwater.

麻藥波紋第十六頁，共49頁。8.根據(jù)生詞所在的上下文猜測詞義例題：Tomcan’tfindhissneakers.C.shoesTomcan’tfindhiswhitesneakers．Tomcan’tplaytennisnowbecausehecan’tfindhiswhitesneakers.A.moneyB.bowls第十七頁，共49頁。l）Janeisusuallyprompt.A．lateB．ontimeC．pleasedJaneisusuallypromptforherclasses．Janeisusuallypromptforallherclasses，butshearrivedinthemiddleofherfirstclasstoday.adj.敏捷的,迅速的,即時(shí)的adv.準(zhǔn)時(shí)地第十八頁，共49頁。2）Tomsawanowllastnight．A．a(chǎn)birdB．a(chǎn)nanimalC．thesunTomsawanowlinatreelastnight．Tomsawanowllastnightbutitflewawaywhenhegotnear．貓頭鷹第十九頁，共49頁。3）Theboywantsapony．A．dogB．catC．horseTheboywantsabrownpony．

Theboywantstorideabrownpony.小型馬第二十頁，共49頁。4）Thechildrenarelookingatanape.A．a(chǎn)kindofmonkeyB．a(chǎn)kindofsnakeC．a(chǎn)kindoffruitThechildrenarelookingatanapeatthezoo．Thechildrenarelookingatalarge,hairy(毛的)apeatthezoo．

猿第二十一頁，共49頁。5）Thetroutisverycheap．A．fishB．fruitC．a(chǎn)pple

Thefreshtroutisverycheap．Thefreshtroutisverycheap,butIdon’tknowhowtocookit．鮭魚第二十二頁，共49頁。6)Theladyaskedthewaitresstogetherasaucer．A．a(chǎn)glassB．a(chǎn)cakeC．a(chǎn)smallplateTheladyaskedthewaitresstogetheracleansaucer．Theladyaskedthewaitresstogetheracleansaucertoputhercoffeecupon．茶托第二十三頁，共49頁。

7)Weseldomseeasparrownow.A．a(chǎn)kindofdogB．a(chǎn)kindofplaneC．a(chǎn)kindofbirdWeseldomseeasparrowinthesky.Weseldomseeasparrowintheskybecausetheairisnotsocleannowasusedtobe．麻雀第二十四頁，共49頁。9.巧用構(gòu)詞法原則第二十五頁，共49頁。構(gòu)詞法派生法（Derivation）合成法(Compounding)轉(zhuǎn)化法（Conversion）縮略法（Abbreviation）

ableunable;teachteacherspace+shipspaceshipvisitv.visitn.Doityourself.DIY第二十六頁，共49頁。一、派生法（Derivation）由詞根(root)加前綴（prefix）或后綴（suffix）構(gòu)成新詞。un-否定前綴dis-in-im-mis-non-

understandpolitesmokeragreefairvisible第二十七頁，共49頁。

中學(xué)英語中常見的前綴和后綴super-（超），inter-（在……之間），-able（能……的），mini-（極少的，微型的），micro-（極微小的），re-（再，反復(fù)），sub-（分支的，底下），co-（共同），post-(后)，pre-（前），trans-（超越；轉(zhuǎn)換），under-（在……之下；低于……；不足），-hood（狀態(tài)；性質(zhì)；時(shí)期），-ish（如……的；有點(diǎn)兒……的）；-proof（防……的；……不能穿透的），-scope（景），-ship（身份；資格；權(quán)力；性質(zhì)），-some（易于……的），-wards（向），mis-（誤；惡），un-（不；非），in-（不；非），im-（不；非），dis-（不），non-（不；非），-less（不；無），anti-（反；防），sino-（中國）第二十八頁，共49頁。Isitdifficultforyoutogetupinthemorning?Doyousometimesoversleep?1.over-:toomuchoverwork,overeatabovesth;acrossovercoat,overheadSomeimportantprefixes:

Thetrainsare____________onFridayevenings.(crowded)overcrowded第二十九頁，共49頁。

Heenlargedhisvocabularybyreadingwidely.2.en-

動詞前綴enable,endanger,Readingcan

______yourlife.(rich)enrich第三十頁，共49頁。Someimportantsuffixes:-ment,-ion,-ness,-tion,-ful,-able,-less,-en等sharpenapencilstrengthenbrightensharpadj.

sharpenv.__________________strength

_____________

bright第三十一頁，共49頁。

Withtheirshiningbrowneyes,waggingtails,andunconditionallove,dogscanprovidethenonjudgmentallistenersneededforabeginningreadertogainconfidence.(2003NMET)unconditional:nonjudgmental:無條件的，絕對的沒有判斷力的第三十二頁，共49頁。二、合成法（Compounding）highwaywaiting-roomkind-hearted

把兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上獨(dú)立的詞合成一個(gè)新詞。第三十三頁，共49頁。Forthem,playingwellandwinningareoftenlife-and-deathaffairs.生死攸關(guān)的第三十四頁，共49頁。

Down-to-earthspiritisanecessity.Sharpwordsfromateachercanusuallybringaday-dreamingstudentdown-to-earth.honestorpractical實(shí)事求是，腳踏實(shí)地第三十五頁，共49頁。

HernamewasRachel,andImoonedmywaythroughthegradeandhighschool,strickenatthemeresightofher,tongue-tiedinherpresence.…Atanyrate,myloveforRachelremainedwithoutresult.Wegraduatedfromhighschool,shewentontocollege,andIjoinedtheArmy.Iwassentoverseasduringthewar.Foratimewewrote,andherletterswere

thehighlightofthoseterribleendlessyears.tongue-tiedoverseashighlight第三十六頁，共49頁。三、轉(zhuǎn)化法（Conversion）由一種詞性轉(zhuǎn)化為另一種詞性的詞。Heisamanwithbroadshoulders.Wewillshouldertheresponsibilitiesatanytime.n.

v.take/bear第三十七頁，共49頁。

Sowhensomeonehashurtyou,calmyourselffirst.Takeacoupleofbreaths,andthinkofsomethingthatgivesyoupleasure…Keepinmindthatforgivenessdoesnotnecessarilymeanacceptingtheactionofthepersonwhoupsetsyou.(2004NMET)calmupsetshurt第三十八頁，共49頁。

Nevertrouble

troubleuntil

trouble

troublesyou.第三十九頁，共49頁。四、縮略法（Abbreviation）DVMVPSOSWWWDigitalVideoMostValuablePlayerSaveOurShipWorldWideWeb第四十頁，共49頁。Ex.1…Itwouldbeeasyforsomeonetomispresenthimselfonlinebecauseyoucan’tseehim.Thussomeonewhosaysthat“sheisa12-year-oldgirl.”couldreallybeanoldman.Whatdoestheword“mispresent”mean?MakingawrongjudgmentaboutUnderstandingsomebodywronglyGivingawrongdescriptionofFormingawrongopinionaboutmis-sth.isdonewrongorbadlypresentvt.describe第四十一頁，共49頁。2….Thecomputeralsocountstheloadsandgivesasignalbyphonewhentheboxisfull.Andaspecialpieceofequipmentbreaksupthenonrecyclables.Theword“nonrecyclables”probablymeans?nonrecyclingpapersthingsthatcannotberecycledanythingcanberecycledrecyclablethingsrecycle

v.

使再循環(huán)，回收利用recyclable

adj.可回收利用的nonrecyclablen.

不能回收利用的東西第四十二頁，共49頁。3….Anothermythabouteyesisthattheycanbe

transplanted.Itisquitedifficulttoconnectaneyeballtoanewbrain…Theword“transplant”probablymeans?TotransportfromoneplacetoanotherTotranslatefromoneparttoanotherTomovefromonepartofthebodytoanotherTochangeoneformtoanother.trans-

changetransplant

移植transport

運(yùn)輸，交通第四十三頁，共49頁。4….MyteenagesonKarlbecamewithdrawnafterhisfatherdied.Asasingleparent,Itriedtodomybesttotalktohim,butthemoreItried,themorehepulledaway.(2004NMET)Bysaying“Karlbecamewithdrawn”,theauthormeansthattheboychangedentirelyand_________.preferredtostayaloneathomelostinterestinhisstudiesrefusedtotalktoothersbegantodislikehismotherwith-drawbackwithdrawn

退縮，（在社交場合或情緒方面）變得冷漠第四十四頁，共49頁。1.Overthecourseofafriendship,eventhebestpeoplemakemistakes.Sometimes,itmaybebestifthewrongedpersontakestheleadandapologizes.（2006高考）The“wrongedperson”underlinedinthesentencesreferstoaperson_____A.whohasbeenmistakenforanotherB.whohasbeenblamedunfairlyC.whohastreatedfriendsbadlyD.whohasadmittedhismistakes!小試身手第四十五頁，共49頁。2.Anyofthesecomingatrighttime,canserveasanignitertostartone’senthusiasmforlearningorforabettercareer,toturnhimfromapassivestateofwaitingtoanactivestateofpursuing,tolendhimstrengthtogoaheadbravely.Inthatcase,whathehasprepearedforyearswillbequicklyturnedintofruitfulreality.Theunderlinedword“pursuing”means_____A.dreamingaboutsuccess.B.tryingtoachievesomething.C.preparingfortheworst.D.hopingtobealeader.

!第四十六頁，共49頁。3.Manyyearsago,whenIwasfreshoutofofschoolandwo