工程管理專業(yè)外文文獻(xiàn)及翻譯

文資料來--文資料來外文文獻(xiàn)及譯文文獻(xiàn)、資料題目ｇesｏｆｔｅｃlｉentsＡｃtｓ

andcontrctoｒsｇｈＢIＭngiｎｉng,nｓtructioｎ，

Archｉ-ectｕｍent文獻(xiàn)、資料發(fā)表（出版日期:

２01０．2院專班姓學(xué)

(部）業(yè):級：名：號:指導(dǎo)教師：翻譯日期--

--外文文獻(xiàn)：Changingｒtｈclｉnts,arcｔｅctsａｔorBIMRiａlＳTNOBｕｉltEnvironmentAbstｒｔ

ａndＧｏｓｃ，Dｌfｔ，ThｅNeｔherlａPupｏe–

pａpｅｒａiｍs

ｔｏ

ｎtageneralｖｏfｈａｃtiｃiｍｐlｉｎsofbuildinginforｍｏnmｄｌing(BIＭ)bａsｅdoｎ

liｔeｒatureａｎcaseｅs.ItsekstoａddｒｓstｈeitｙforａｐｐlyｉnｇBIMr－ｏrganiｓiｎgtheｐｅｓaｎｓiｎｈｐbuildingｐｉｓ

tｙｐｅofｊ

ｃｐlｅｘdetｃｏmplｉｃfuncｔiｏｎaltｅｃｉｃalrequiｒｅｓ，ｄeｃｓionmａkｉnginvoｌvｉｎgalargeｎuｍbroｓtakholdｅrs，aｎdloｎｒｐｍｎtpｒoｃｅｓDｅｓｏlogpproacｈ

–ｇhdeｓ

ｒesearchｎｄｒｅｎｔｏthｅ

onｇｎｃhtｅ

frameworkforｉnteｅｄcoｌlａｂｎ

ｄtheｅ

ofＢIManalysed.Ｔseveral

ｒeａｌcａｓｓｔｈe

ｃhangingｒｆｃlｎts,arcｈitecｔｓcｏnｔｒｓthroughＢIMonａrｅｓtigatｅd.Ｆｉｎiｎgs–

ＯneoｔｈemｉnｓistheｉｄenｔifｉcａｔinｏｆthemaiｎｆａｓfｏｓuccessfulBIM,whiｃｎbｅｃｏｇiseｄａsｓsyｎｅrｙ

ＷER”:ｒｔinformationsｈring(Ｐｇｓ(O），orkｃｓｓescooｒdinatｉon(W,ｎviｏｅtfoｔｏrｋ（ａndrｅｒenｃeａｏｏliｄ．ＦurthermｏitｉsalｓｏｔhattｈｉｍｐlｅmentａｔｉｏnofＩMi

hｏspｉｔbuilｄｃts

ｓtilllimitｅｄduｅ

toｃertaｉeｒcialanｄbaｒｉers,ａｓｗellthefａctｔｈintegｒｄｃoｌｒｏnｓyｅｔbeenin

ｔhereａlｅteｓtrａt(yī)eｇiｅsofｈealthcａinstitutiｏns.Originａlity/valuｅTｈiｓｐｅrｔthactuaｌｓｓiｏnin

ｓｄpractiｃtheｃｈｎgingrolｅｓprｏｃthatarerｑuireｄ--

--toｖlopｎdoｐｅratesustａinaｂleｕｉｓ

withtheｓｕｐportofintｅａｔｅdＩCfraｍeworksad

ｔoｏｌIｔｎthestaｔf－thearｔfEｕrｏｐean

ｒｅsｅｃ

ａndｓｏmeｏf

ｆiｒｓｔｒeaｌ

casesofBIMａｐplｉｃａｔioｎinhospital

ｂuilｄingｅ．Keywoｒdｓｒope,Hoｓpiｔals，TｈNethelａＣｏｎｕctiｏnｗｒks，Ｒｅｅｆlexiｂｉlｉty，PrjｅcｔａnｎinPaperｅralreｖ1.IｎtroduｉHosｌｄｉｐroｊaｒｅｏkｅｙ

imｐortanｃｅinvolｖeｓｉａntinvｅstment,ａｌlｔakeaｇ-ｔｄｖｌｐment

ｐｅriｏｄＨｓｂｉpｒｏｊｅarealsｏ

vｅxｄuetotheｐlicatedrｔｓｒegardiｎｇｙgienｅｙspｅｐments，ｉｎgｏfａ

lａｇｅｍountofａTheｂuildingproessｉ

ｖｅｒydynaicaｎdｃoｐrisｅｓeｓｄ

ａｔｃｈａnｇesMａnyｏwiｔhshiｆtiｎａｓ,roｎrｅｓｉbilitiｅａactivelyiｎｌｅd,sｕｃh

ａｓ:ｔｈeｃｒeinｓtiｔutｉl

ｌocalｇoｖｅｎts，ｏjectｐers,fiｎanciａlｉtutiｏns，arcｈｔs，contrａｃtors,ｒfacｉliｔymａandｅquiｐｍmanuｆｒsaｎｄｓuppｌiｅｕidingprojｅctｓ

aｒｅ

ｒinｆluencｅｄ,byｈeａｌｔｅpoｌｉcy,whｉｃｈｃrapｉinrｅsｐonsetomedical,soｃtchnoｌｄｍents,ｎｖｓｇrｅatlybetweｅ（Orgａｉon,０Iｎ

ｅＮｔｈerlanforexａmｐl,wayabuildiｎgprojｅｔintheｈｅaltｈｃiｓｏ

ｉsundergｏingrｅformtoａ

ｄｎtaｌcｈangｅinｔ

ｈｅalthｐoliｃythatｓinｔrｏｄucedｉ０08．Theｒchanｇｔetaneedforａbｕilｄiｎgwith

ｆlexibilitｒitslifｃｙcｌe.Inordｅrtｏrate

ｌｉｆ

ｃｏnsiderationｓintebuilingｉgｎ，ｔrucａnｄｉltyｍｎｔsｔｇｙ,tｉｉｐlinａｏiｓｒeqｕired.Dｅｓpieｔｔforeｓtaｂｉｓhinginｔegratedｌａboration,ｈcａｉlprojects--

ｓｌ

--serioｕｂinpｒaｃｔｉｅsuchａｄtoｖerrun,delａanｄsｕｏtimaｌ

qualityinｔofｆlｅxｉｂiliｔy,end-usｅｏn，andenｅｇｙinｅfficｉｃy.Itiｓnttattｃkｏfａt(yī)ionａnd

ｃoordinａｅntｈeｃｓｖoｌvedindifferｅntphasesofａbuiliｎgｏjectisｍｇtｈｍｔ

imｔantａｎtｈｐrobｌｅｓｍｍｕｉｏnｂetｗｄiｆｆereｎｔstaｈｏｌderｓbｅｓｃｒitical,sｔakｉffｅrentｓeｔoｆskilｌＡｓaresult,ｐrocssｓｆｏrexｉiｔeｒprettiｏn,anｄcｏmmｕｎicationｏfｐlexinｆoｒmatｏnfｒoｍｎｃｕmｎｅｏｆtentime－ｉｎgffiｃAｄｖｉsuaｌｔｅs,likeＤｐｉhavetｒemendｏusｉｅthｅｕnicatonefｆanｄａt(yī)iｏｎａbiliｔｏｆtheｐｏjectammｅmbers.Hｏwever,tｈｅiruseaｓaｎefetivecommunicatｉissｔillliｍｉｎｏtfuｌlyexplored(DａｏdSikka,areａloｏｒ

bａｒininformatioｎｔｒａｎｉnteｇratioｎ,

ｆorｔａnce:ｍｎｙｘｔｉnｇＩCTｓtｅmsnoｔ

suppｏrtthｅｏpennessofｔheｄataaｎdｓtis

ｐrrｅqｕisitfor

ａｎefｆoｒａt(yī)ioｎbeｔdifferｅntbuilｄingaｓｏrdisｃｌｉnes.uildinｇ

informllig(IM)ｏfrｓanintegｄsolutiontｏｔheprｅyｍｅｔｄ

pｒｂlｅms.Tｈereoｒe，ＢIＭisｉｇluｓｅｄanICTsupportiｎcｏmlexｇｔｓ.AnｔivemultｃipｌiｎcｏlabｏpporｔeｄbyanoptimauseｆＢIMｑuirechaｎｇingｌesofｔhecｌａrchitects,anｄcｏntrａｔｒs；ｎtｒｌｔionships；ｄrｇanised

ｃollbｏrａt(yī)ｉｖprocｅｓses．Uｎfortunaｔely,

ｓtillgaｐinｔｈeｉｌknowleｄｇeonhowtomanagetｈｅbuldｉacｔｏrstocollaoｒeffeｃｉvｅlｙtｈｈangｉｎrolesandtｏｄｅveｏｐａnｄutiｌＢIMａｓａｎI(lǐng)CＴsupｐofｔhecollaboratｉｏｎrprｅe(cuò)nｔaeraleviwoｆthｅｐacticlｐlicationsofbuiｌdigｉｎmodelling(BI)basｅdonｖieｗａ--

--ｎdｃaseｓｔuｄｉｓ.Intheｎｅxtｓｃtｉｏｓbasedonlｉterａt(yī)uｒeandｔfindingｓfrｏmｒpｒojetIｎPｒo，thframeworkforｒcｏllabｏtheusｏfＢIMaｒｓed.ｕbsequｅnｔlｙｔｈｒougｈthｅ

observaｔｉofｏ

oｎoｉｇｔ

projectsｉｎｅｌａnds，theoｌients,aｒｈitｅcts,coｎａcｔoｒｕghＢIMｐｉona

inｖｅｔｅ．Iｎｃｏncusiｏn,ｔh

crｉticａlｃessｆａcｔorsｗｌａofsuccesｓｆulｉｎtegratｅdｌｒｉBＩＭａreｉdenｔiｆｉｅd.2．Chaｎｇｉroesｔｇiｎｇrａｄcollabｏａｄliｆe-cｙｃlｄｐｒoachesAhospitalｂuilｄigprｏｃｔinvolvesｖroles,ｋnoｗｄｉns.InＴｈeｅrlands,the

ｃｎrolｅofｓ,

ｃｏntｒiｎhospitａｌｂｌｇpｒojｅｔsaｒｅvｉｔablｅｄｕｅ

tｈnｅwheａｒepolicy.

ＰｒvioｕyｔheｔｒｅtｕtionsActｉｓtitutionｓｗｅrereｑｅｏｂtainboｔhaliｃｅｎｓｅａｄａｂuiｌｄingｒmitｆｎuctｉprojecｔsｍｊｏｒrenovａt(yī)iｏTｈepermｉtwaｓｉｓｅｄｂｙｔｈesｔofHalth.Ｔｈhealthｃareinstitutｉｓwerethenelｌｉvefinanciａsupｐｆrｏgovｅｒnmeｔ．

nce200８，neｗlegislaｔoｎｔｈemanagｎtofhｏｓｐiｔａlbuildiｎgproｊectsrealestatｅｈａｓcomeｉntoforｃ．Inthiｎｅｗlｅｉsｌａt(yī)ｉ

ａpｅrmitfｏｈbuilinｇpｒｅ

ｕｎｄrtheWTZiislongrobｌigatory,ｎrobtainalｅ(ＤutchMｎisｔｒｙofHealth,ＷelfareＳＴhichangｅｌlowsｆｒfroｍｔhe

ｓatｅ-directedpoli

ａdｓｐctｉvely,ａｒespoｎsibilitｉestoheaｌthｃｒeｏｒganisatioｎsｔdalwiｔｈｔhfｉｇｍanaｇeｍｎｔofｔheirreaｌｅ．ｅpoliｃyimpliesｈatthehealtｈcaｒｉｎsｔiｔutionsarｅｆｌlyrｅｓｐibｌａgefｉnathｅｉbｕilｄingｐrｓａｄrｅｅstａｅ.Tｈｅｅrnｍentｆorｔhｅｏsts

ｏｆheａlthcａｅｆｃｉlｉｔiｅｓ

willlｎgeｒ

begivenseparateｌy,ｂutｗiｌlbeinｅfeｆhｅｒｖ--

--ices.thatａｒiｎsｔiｔutｉonsteｒnｅirｓtｍｅntrｅe(cuò)stａｔthroｕtｈserｖｓTｈnewpolicyｉntendst

stiｍsuｓｔｉnaｂｅinnｏｔｉｉnthepｒoｃｎtａmanａｏfhｅalｔhｃａreｂuildings,whichwｉllcoｎｔｅｔｏefｆicｉｐriｍarｙｈｔserｖ．

efｆetiveｅｗｇybuildingｐrojectｓａndrealｅｍanagemntｏrsesａnintegrateｄｌｌｏｒatｉonａｏａch.Intoaｓｒetｈeｓｔaｙｄurinｇconstrucｔioｎ，ｔｎancｅtｈ－ｕsｅｓ,facilitｙmｎｒａｎｄｃｉｔcoｎｔraｃtoｒｓ

neｅｄtｏ

beinｖoｌvｅdiｎ

tｈplｎnngdesｉgｎprocesses.Ｔhimplｉａt(yī)iosoftheneｗ

strateｇｙａrerｅｄinthｅｃhanｇingｒｌｓ

oｆaｃtorsｄiｎthｗｐｒouｒｅment．Intｈetradｉtionalｏnmｅｔheｄesign,ａndｉｉl,aｒｅdevｅｌopedbythearchiteｃｔ，

ｄｅsigneｎｅTheｎｃliｅnthealthcareｉｎｔｉｏｎsｎａａｐplicatiｏntothｅＭiistryｏfｌthtｏｏｂtainanappｒovaｌoｎ

thｅbuildｎgpｅathefiａlｓuｐporｔfro

tｈｇＦolｌｗtｈis,acontｒacｏrｉselectedroughｔeｎｄｅpｏcesｓ

tｈｐhａｓtｈｓｅaｒｃforloest－pricｅidder．Dｕrｉｎtｈｔｒｕｃtionｐchangestａkeｐlaceｅtoｏｔａbiliｔｙ

prｏｏｆｔhedesignan

nｅwｒmeｎtｓｆｒom

ｔhecliｅｎt．ｃａusｅｏfthｅlｅofｐlexiｔｎdｍｖer，

deｉsion－ｋinｇ

ｌexitｉ，

theｌeｃesｓ

froinｉtｏｎｕntilｉveryofhospiｒcanuｐtotｅnyeａrstimｅAftertheｄｉvery,healtcａiｎｔｉoｎifullyineｏftheｏfthｅ

ｌｉtieｓRｅignschanａlsoｃeintheｕephaseto

ｃwithｎ

ｆunｃｓ

ｏｅntsintｅmｄwｏｒｌdRｅｅｄｔDｏrｔland,０9)Ｔheinteｇratedprocuremｅntｐcturｅs

ａnew

ｃonｔacｔrelatioｎshipbｅｗeｅnthepaｒｔｉinvｏｄibuｉldｉngprｏject.Inｓｏｆｒeｌｓhｉｐbｅtｗeenthｅｃlｅntｔfordesｉｎtｅｃｌ--

--ｔｎｄｏnｔｔｏrｆoｃinanintegｒateｄｒｏｃｕｍｎttheoｎｏｌdsaｃotrａcｔuａlｒｅｌatioｎｓhiｐ

ｍａinｐartthaｒｅｏｌfｏrｏthｓiｇｃostruｃｔｉｏｎ(ContTrｉbuｎｌ

２Thｅ

trａlboｒdｅbetweentａskｓｎｏccｕpａt(yī)iｏnalｏｕｓｂｃblurｒｅdｒchiｔｃｔｃonsulｔｉngfirmｓcontrａcｔｏs,suｂｃonｔｒs,ａsuppliｅrsｌstandthｅpplyｓidintheｂuildiｎprｏｃｅｓｗｔheｌiento

the

ｄｎsｉ．ｕcｈｃonｆiguｒａｉonｐｕtstｈarchｉｅｇｉｎeｅrandｃｃｔoｒiｎavｅrydｉｎtpｏｔhａinflｕenｃesｎottｈeirroleｓｕttheｉｒresponsｉbiｌitiｅs,

ａndｏｍｎwitｈthecleｎt，

theusers，tｅaｍand

ｏｔｒ

rs.Theｓitioｎ

froｍｉtoinｔegｒprocｕｒｅmentｔhodｅaｓhifｔｏｆmｎｏｆｐaｒｏnboｔｈthｅdｅｍandandsupplysｉdｅs.Iｔisesseｎｌcliｅｄｎdopeｎcｏlｌaboratｉoniｎwhｉchｔcaｎ

cｏntｒｒtｏhavｅaｆａopimalｌｙusethｅｉｒｐｔ．

Theｅffectiveness

ｏfｉcollaborａｔionｉsaｌsoｒｄｙ

thecｌｉ’sｃapacｉtyｓtrategyｔoｅiｎnovativetenderiｎgｐｒｏcedures(Ｓｂastianｅｔａl.,Aｗincaｓｏｆ

poｓitionｉｎganａrchitｅｔｉnapｒｔwithtecontractｏｉnｓｔeadｗiｔｈhecｌient.Inｃａｓｅｏｆａｒｉｔｃｔｎtｅａｗiththｔｒｏr,ａnimortantｉｓhｏtoｒｅtheｉsaｆtheａrｃhitecｔｕvａluｅsasｌa

ｏvativeenｇｅe(cuò)ｒｉngtｈroughaneffiｃｃｔｉproceｓs．Iｎｃasｅthａrchitｅctstａt(yī)heｔ’siｎaｔraavisoyroleinstedfthesｅIhisthｅarchitect’sresponｓibilityistranclienｔreuirementｓ

anwishesｏthｅarｃhiteｃtｕrａlvａｌｅｓbｅicluｄｄindesigｎspecificaton,eａluatｉtｈｃactｏ’sｐosalｎI(lǐng)n

ａnyofｔnｅwroｅ,ｔａrchiｔecｔｈoldstｈｐｉbiｉtiesｓｋeholdeｒinerｅｓfacilｉtatｏr,ｕnofcustomeｒvａlｕeofｓigｎmoｄ--

--Tｈｅｔransitionfrｏｔｒaditioｎaltointegｒatｅdｏａbringscoｎseuｅｎin

ｔhｅ

payｍscｈｓ．Inｔheｒｔiｏnalｂuiｌdiｎgprocｅｓｓthehoｎｏrａriｕｍｆoｒｔeｃiｓusuaｌlybase

onａpｅｔageofojectsiｍｐlｙｔhatｔｅｅ

ｘｓiｖｅtheｉldingthegｅｒthehｏｒｉmｗiｌlｂｅｎeerrｅｅsｅ

honorarｉbasedｔheｔｙ

ofｔｈtheｎｓityoftｈeassignｎｔ.Ahｉｈｌybuiｌwhichtakｅｓ

aｍｒｏｆ

redｅ，isusｕallyfａvourａｂleｆtｈeｎｒinｍｏｆａｒｉuｍ.Ａ

ｉtiｏnacontractoｒｕreｃｉvｅｔheｍｉｓｓｅdｏtｅｎ

tｈｕildingａt(yī)tｈeｔ

byｍｅtin

thｅ

miｉmumsｐecｉficａt(yī)ionｓgiｖenclieｎt.EｘworｋmodｉficatioｎchargｅdｐaratｅlyｔｔheAftertheｒthecｏｎtａｃtoｒisｎolongerresponｓiblｅｆｏuseoftｈｅbｕildiｎg.Inｔｉｌpｒocurｅｍｍethod,aｌlrｉａrepwitｈｌint．

thecIninｒｃｅｍｎtmethod,thｅpａymenｔisｂｏａｃhievedbｕildiｎｇａnce；thus,theａymentｉnon-aｄvｅｒａrial.Sinceｔｅｒchitect，engiｎeerａnｃontracｔorhaｖwideresponsibilitｙｎｔｅquａｌityｏftdｅａnｄｔheｕil，ｔｅpaymｅｎｔisｌinkedａｓｅmntｓｔｅ

ｏｆtｈefｕｎａlaｎｃａlpｅrfoｏfｅｂｕildingartainperｉｏftime.ｈｏnorariumaniｎｃｅntiｖetaciｅｖtheoptｉmalｕaliｔｙIｆthebuildｉｎsuceｅdtｏｄaｈeradded-vａluｅ

thatｔｅｍｉnimumｃｌient’srquｉｍｔthｅywｉｌlｒabonuiｎaccoｒdａncetoｉent’sextragａin.Ｔleveloftrａｉaｌiｐｖｅd.bookｎｔinｇiｓｎｔinsｔｍｅntｐroviｄthat

ｔhestakeholdｅrsｒeeｎtheiｎformatｉｏnｔｏ

bｅａredandiｔｓlevelofdｅｉｌ(InPro，00)．Nexｔｔｔheadoptｉonofintegratedmethod,thｅ

ｒｅｌｅstateｇyforhoｓｐｉｔａlbｕildingｐrojｅctsadrｅaｎ

ｖｐｄuｃｔｏpmentａｎｄlｉfｅ-cｙclｅｄesigｎａpｐａｃAsuｓtａｉｂl--

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ｒｏlestｈroughBIMapｐlicatｉBulｄiｎｒｍｅｌ

(BIM)ｏmpriseｓＩframeworｋaｎdtoolｓthatcaｎｐortintegraｔedｌｒｂｓｏｎｌeｄesiｇｎBIMiｓ

aｉtaｌａｔiｏofphysｉlａｄfunctｉoｎｔofafaciliｔy.Asｈiｔｅsa

asharedknｏrｅsouｒcｅforinformationａａ

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ｆacilitatｅｓtiｍeandｐlｅ

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BIMｓuｐportｄteｏｌｓofthatstakeholder．BIMｉiｓｕｌtｉａform,ａａ

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３Ｄ）ｄｎ(Brattｏn,

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ｔｈepropsedｓｉgnａｎd

ｅ

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ｅｑｕiｒｅments

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ｄeｎｌａ

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whicｈiscrucｉaｌ

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toｐrｅｖeｎtoｒｓolｖeprｏｅrｅlａt(yī)edｔｏｕｏｒeｒｒorsorｉｆicaｔｉons.Whentｅ

buildingisinuse,Ｍcanbｕsedincｏｍａt(yī)ｉo

witｈ

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ｃertifiedsoftwarｅｕsｅlｅssｆoranｙtiｃａlｕｓａgewitｈ

IFC.IＦC

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(overｐｒcen）

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forｈｉｔctsｎｄiｎｄ

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neｗdimenｓioninａnｄｒｉoｎｉｐstｈｅｂｕildingｓSeveralｏstｅｔiｓ--

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（）；theliabiｌityｄ

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knｏw-how（IｎPro,2009).Ｔｏｄmanager

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ｆｕｎｃmｎageｓｔｈｅ

inｆａｔ

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thｅ

dｅof

ＢIＭthe

ｄｅｕrｅanddetailｌｅvelof

ｔhｅ

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ｕBIMｄifferｆtｈeIＰRin

ａｔｒａｄitioｎａｔａｍｗｏrk?”.ＩtrmsｏfcombiｎedｗIＰR

ｏfeachｅlemｅntiattａcheｄtoｉｃｒ.ｅdBIMatuａlly

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ofthebuildｅｉgnｉｔｅｄbythearｃhitect,thefor

ｔheeleｃｔｒlsysｔｍｄbytheｌcｏｎtracto,ｅｔThｕiｎ

ｅｏfＩＭａｓ--

acombinｅdwｏｋ,Ｉ

--similａｒｔoｔｄitiｏteamworｋ．WorkｉwitｈBIMwithｕｓｈｉｐ

registｒｔioｎfunctionａlties

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tｈＩo-Ｄuｉｖｉ200９）.ＨwｄoesｌｗrｋinｇusingIM,effecttｈｏntractuaｌrelatｉｓＯthehand，ｂｉvewｏuｓing

ＢIMｏesｔｎｅcｅｒｉlychaｎgeｔｈliａbilｉｐo

iｎｈeｃonｔnordoesｉtobligateaｎallｉaｎｒTheGenerａｌＰriｎciｐlesofBIMＡdｄconｆirｍ‘Ｔｄoesnoteffeｃｔeorrｅａ

ｔｎgofｏａｃｔｔｉorshiftｉｇofriｓksbetweenｏrｍｏｔheProjecｔｒｔiｃｅｃificａｌrequiredpertｈProtocｏl

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ｓesuiｎgＢIMｗilｌleadtoofａｃｔivitiｅｓｆｒtoｔｈｅｅｌyｅｉgnphaｓe.Muchｉfｎall,actiｖiｔiｅiｎｈeｄetaileｄengineｅrｉｎｐphasｅｗillｂeｄoｎeｉｎearlｉｅｒｐhaｓes.Itmsｔｓａpamntｆｏｒｔheengineeriｎａｓwhicｈ

ｏunｔupｔ４０perｃtoｆtｈedeｓｉc

ｃａｎnｏlongerｘpｅcｔAsengｉneｅringwoｒkisdoneconcｕrｒｅntlywiththeｄesign,aｐｎoftheｐintheｙｄｉgnisｅ（Cｈao-Dｕiｉs,２009).４.

ＲeviｅｏｆoｎｏiｎgｈａｌbｕildingprojｅcｔsｉＩMIｎTｈ

Ｎｈtｈcｈｉngｒｉn

ｈｌｉngprojｅｐartoftｅstrateｇy,whichａimsatｈａｉnablerealｅinｒｅｏnｓｅｔｔｈeｃｇhreｅrringtｏｌiterａureｓreｓeａt(yī)ｈmaｉｆaｃtｈａt(yī)

ｉｎflueｃｅtheｃcessoftｈechaｎｇingｌeｓbeｃｏｎclｕｄｅdａt(yī)heiｍplemｅnｔatｉｏnｆａｎiｎtegrateｄ

ｒeｍenｔ

metｈｏｄｌｉｆｅ-cｙdesｉgnｏachfｏraａcｏｌaboｒoｃess;ｔｈeｇｅｅmenｔ

onBIＭsｔｒｕｃｔｈiｎｔｅlleｃｕalｈtheｔegratiｏnofteｒoleoｆamodeｌａｇTheｐedｉｃｔｉhave

ｄisｃｅdｎtｈiningtｏdｅalwｉｔheffｅｃtiveｌ．--

cｕ

--rrenｔecｔobestwｏprojctｓｎｄｍteactualｒacticewｔhtｈｃｏｎｅviｅｗrｅｐecｔively．ｅｍａiｎissues,

ｗhiｃhａreoｂｓｅinthestudies,

ａre:

thetｅｄ

ｅｔmetｈｏrolｅｓ

ofiｎｄａrtiesｗithnｔhis

ｍｔ；

thｅimｐlemｅnｔatｉｏnofｌife-cｙｃｌdesignａprｏ;

thetype,struｃfnctonaｌitiｅofBIMuｓｄ

iｎ

theｒ；

tｈｅｎnｅｓｓ

iｎｎｏfthｅｄｅｌｉntenｄｕsｅ

ofBIＭinthｅfｔuｒａnd

thｅｒolesaｎdtａoｆ

theｏｒThepilotexpeｒienｃｅ

oｆｈoｓpiｔｂuilｉngprojecｔｕsiｎBIｉncａnｓｒvedaｔUniverｓityｅdicalｅnｔｒeStRａdｂ（ｆｈｒｅｅdａsUMＣMａｘｉmａMedirtｈrｅferredａMMC).AtUC,thenewｉngｊecｆｏｒ

Ｃｎ(ｆｕtheｃultofｅntitryｉnctyofNijmeｇbendedｉcateｄ

asaBIＭpilotprｏjｅｃAtMMC，BIMisuedindesigniｎｇbｕｉlｄingsforＭｉｍｌａt(yī)ｉｏnMoｔhｅｒ-and-ChｉｄCenｔreｉnｔｅｉtyｏfVｅｌdhoveｎThefiｒｓtisprｔａt(yī)thｅＵniversiｔyMedicａlｅntrｅ

(UＭC)Ｓｔｂoud.UMCiｓtｈａｎｊｕｔ

aUMCｂineｓｃａｌ

sｅｒvicｅs,ｔion

ａｎdresｅａrch.Ｍｏretｈ850fａnd30０0sｔｕdentsｗｒkUMC.Aｓ

apｒｔofiｎａrealestateｓtrａｙ,ＵMCｈaｃｏnsiｄtoｕseＢIMfoitsbｕiｌdingproｊTheｎｅwｄevelｏｐmｅnttheＦacuｌｔｏfｎtistｒysurrｏundｉngbuildinｇsonthｅKapitｔinNjmeｇenhasbeｅnｏsｅnａsapilot

ｐｒtｏｇathrpractiｃａlknowlegeexperieｎｃａｔiｐrocesseswithBIMｓuｐport.TheaiｎbitionoeoｆbuildingｐrojectsUMCcanａｆ

Ｍinhe

vsualisatioｎ

toｎhancethe

ｃｏrdｉｎａｉａｎcｏmmunｉｃｔaｍongｔheｕiｌｎｇｒ，tｈｕsｅｐarticpatｉoｎide--

--ｓiｎ;ｆacilitａｔｉoptimalinｆｏmaｔｉｘｃfora

conｓistｅｎy

ｏｆｔｈｅ

ｓａｄ

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sｔｃｔｕralyｓｓ,

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ａａt(yī)ｈeｏ

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ｉsｉｎthｅｍaａoｆthefaciｌiythrouｅ

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bｅtheＤｉａconｓsenｈｉｎEindhovenＳＪ

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medicaｌｃｎeａmongｏstｐortant

ｎewfacilitiesｗｉｔhisｘtensｉojet.ｅｄesignｓbeendeveｌopedｓngnctionａｌitieｓofＢIM.

３Ｄ

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ucturalｅｅrandMEＰcｏsultantｅforetdeｎ

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ｄefinｅnｏjｅｃｔaｎｄ

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ａnａrｃhitcｔuｒｆｉｗithaniｎ-huseｅｎgineeｒｅｐａrtment.Thusｔheｏrationbetｗｎｔheａrchiｔｅcｔｎｕcｔｕｅnginｅe(cuò)rａnｔakeｐwｉｉthesａmｅfrｍuｓngthｅ

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mettｈｅ

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ｓharing(Ｐ).(2)Ｏｒｉｎｒｙ（．(３)Wｏｒkｏcesｅｒｄinａt(yī)ion

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proceｓthe

ｉｍｅｔatioｎofBIＭｓICTsuｐinｒel

ｐｅstｉｌlsｕbopｔｉＴｈemaiｎfindinｇsfroｍthｅ

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21ａｎuｒy2010）．ａｏ-Dｕｉvis,M．(２“ＴimplicatiｎｓofｗorkinｇwihＢＩM”,JourｎalofｎLaw,Ｖoｌ.44Ｎ(ｉnDutch)．ＣｓｅｕＣS(2０，BuiｌｎａｔionModelliｎg(BIM)ｏｃolAddeｄＭlＣonstructｉon，

NeｗYoｒｋ，

NＹDaｗｏｏｄN.ｎＳikka,S.（200８，

“Measuringｔheｔｏf4Dｐｉｎgavaｌｂlｅｃｏmｍｕnicatioｎtｏｌ”,ITCon,Vol.１３．ＤｕthＭiｎisｔoｆｔh,

Ｗelｆａｒaｎd０TＺiRegulaｔioｎ--

--no.,Sdu，Tｈｅｕe(inＤｈ．InPｒo(2００9，BｕｉnessCｏncｅojecｔRepoｒtD9b，InPro,Gｏtｈenbｕrg.InPro(２０09),ＦｆｌｊｔｐortD16b,InPro,Ｇｏｂurg.ＣonｔｒａcｔＴｒｕnｌ

(2007),ｉdingontheAppJＴCoｎtract,ｗｅｔ&Ｍell，

ｎdon.KiviｎｅA.,

Ｔarandi，V,Karlsh?j,Beｌl,

Ｈ.ｄKａ．(00ReviewoftheＤevelopmｅntIｍｔofIFCCompａｅ

BIM，ｒｕild，Espoo.Ｎaｔiｏ

oｆBuiｌdiｎｇ

ｃｓNIBS（NaｔｉlBｕildingIｎforｍatｉＭＳtａｄ，Vｅｎ1:Ｐaｒ1,ＮｔｉａlｔituteofBｕｌdingiｅnceｓNＩBS,WａshｉｎDC.M．（199２)，ｅｘibiｌityandcｏstintheｅｓignｐrocs:adesignｄｅｏｎmodel”,ＰＥｉ

ｔｈesｉs,ｅＵnivｅofTeｃｏｇｙａｎ，R．,Haa,Ｗ.

Ｖｏｓ,）,“BIMaｐｐlicatｉforiｎteｇratedｎandｅｎｇｅe(cuò)ringｉｎｓmal-ｓcａｌeｈｕｇdevｅｔpilotprｏｊｅｃt

ｅNeｔｈerlanｄ”,