【分級(jí)測(cè)試卷】Unit 4 Natural Disasters B卷·能力提升練（解析版）

必修Book1Unit4NaturalDisastersB卷·綜合能力提升練(時(shí)間：90分鐘滿分：120分)第一部分閱讀理解(共兩節(jié)，滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。AAppstoHelpinaDisasterDisastersalmostalwaysarriveunexpectedly.Butthereareputerappstohelppeoplepreparefordisasters.Someappswarnuserswhenadisasterhastakenplace.SirenGPSMobileThefreeSirenGPSMobileappconnectsuserstoemergency(緊急事件)servicesatthetapofthescreen.Theappwillletemergencyworkersknowwherethepersoninneedis.Theappworksovercellphonenetworks.ButitalsoworksonWi-Fiifcellphonenetworksaredownafteranemergency.Userscancreateapersonalhealthreportontheapptosharewithemergencyservices.Thiswillprovideinformationaboutmedicinesthatuserstake,allergies(過(guò)敏反應(yīng))theymighthaveandothermedicalinformationimportanttotreatmentdecisions.Life360TheLife360appprovidesaservicetokeepthelovedonesconnected.Userscansetupanetworkofpeopletosharetheirlocation,chatandgetinformedwhentheyarenearsomeoneintheirnetwork.PeopleinthesamenetworkcanusetheapponiPhoneandAndroiddevices.Theapphelpsusersmunicatewhentheyareindanger.Thelocationsharingfunctioncanbesuspended(暫停)whendesired.TheLife360appisfree,withsomeservicesavailableforafee.RedPanicButtonWhenapersonisindanger,theRedPanicButtonappmighthelp.Thisappcansendatextmessagetochosencontactsprovidingtheuser’slocation.Youcanalsoaddavoiceorvideomessageorphototoyourtextandemail.Thisappcanalsobeusedtocontactemergencyservices.RedPanicButtonisfree,butextrafeaturesareavailableforafee*FirstAidbyAmericanRedCrossThefreeFirstAidappbytheAmericanRedCrosshelpsguideusersingivingfirstaidtotheinjuredpeople.Theappcanalsohelpwithinformationtohelpplanfordroughts,floods,stormsandmore.Watchvideosandtaketestswithintheapp.UserscanswitchtheappfromEnglishtoSpanish.1．WhichisnotthefeatureoftheSirenGPSMobileapp?A．Itconnectsuserstoemergencyservices.B．Itisuselessifyourcellphonenetworkisdown.C．Rescuerscangetyourhealthinformationthroughit.D．Rescueworkerscanknowwheretheinjuredpersonis.2．WhatcanyoudoifyouhavetheLife360app?A．Watchoveryourlovedones’movements.B．Keepconnectedwiththoseinyournetwork.C．Shareyourhealthinformationwithdoctorsdirectly.D．Gethospitalinformationimmediatelywhenindanger.3．Whatmaybethebestchoiceifyouwanttogetinformationaboutdisastersinadvance?A．SirenGPSMobile. B．Life360.C．RedPanicButton. D．FirstAidbyAmericanRedCross.【答案】1．B2．B3．D【解析】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。介紹了在災(zāi)難時(shí)有幫助的幾款應(yīng)用程序。1．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)SirenGPSMobile下列第二段中“ButitalsoworksonWi-Fiifcellphonenetworksaredownafteranemergency.(但如果緊急情況下網(wǎng)絡(luò)中斷，它也可以在Wi-Fi上運(yùn)行。)”可知，選項(xiàng)B“如果你的網(wǎng)絡(luò)壞了，它就沒(méi)用了?！辈皇荢irenGPSMobile應(yīng)用程序的特點(diǎn)。故選B項(xiàng)。2．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Life360下列第一段中“TheLife360appprovidesaservicetokeepthelovedonesconnected.(Life360應(yīng)用程序提供了一種讓親人保持聯(lián)系的服務(wù)。)”可知，如果你有Life360應(yīng)用程序，你能和你社交圈里的人保持聯(lián)系。故選B項(xiàng)。3．推理判斷題。根據(jù)FirstAidbyAmericanRedCross下列段落中“Theappcanalsohelpwithinformationtohelpplanfordroughts,floods,stormsandmore.(該應(yīng)用程序還可以提供信息，有助于對(duì)干旱、洪水、風(fēng)暴等做出計(jì)劃。)”可知，如果你想提前獲得災(zāi)難的信息，最好的選擇是FirstAidbyAmericanRedCross。故選D項(xiàng)。BOnthedaythetornadohit,therewasnoindicationthatsevereweatherwasonitsway—theskywasblueandthesunhadbeenout.Thefirstalertmyhusband,Jimmy,67,andI,65,gotcamearound9p.m.,fromsomescrollingtextontheTVJimmywaswatching.Heranupstairstofindmeinourthirdfloorbedroom,andwechangedthechannelfromthepresidentialprimarydebateIhadbeenwatchingtoourlocalPensacola,Florida,station.Nosoonerhadwefoundcoverageofthetornadothanitwasontopofus.ItwastheloudestthingIhaveeverheard.Thebonesofthehouseshook,andthepowerwentout.Thewindbegantoroarthroughthehouse,mostlikelythroughblownoutwindowsandthedoortoourgarage.Wehadthreeflightsofstepstonavigatetogettotherelativesafetyofthefirstfloor,becausethecupboarddownthereisunderneathabrickstaircase.Ididn’tknowhoworifwewouldmakeitdownthesteps.Itfeltasiftherewerenofloorunderneathmeasthewindliftedmeoffmyfeet.Itriedtomoveforward,butthisintensepressureheldmeinplace.Aswereachedthelastflightofsteps,ourfrontdoorblewout.Piecesofglassthatlookedlikecrushedicefleweverywhere.Suddenly,athreefootlongtreebranchcrashedintothedoorframe.Itflewoverourheads,missingusbyinches.Hadwebeenonestepup,itwouldhavehitus.BythetimeIreachedthecupboard,thetornadohadbeenoverusforaboutaminute.Jimmypushedmedowntothecupboardfloor,buthecouldn’tgetinsidehimselfbecauseofthewind.IheldJimmy’sarmandtriedtobringJimmywithit.Mykneeswerefullofglass,butatthatmoment,Ifeltnopain.IfIhadletgo,Jimmywouldhaveflownrightoutthebackofthehouseandintothebay.Allofasudden,Jimmyliftedoffhisfeetlikepeopleintornadoesdointhemovies.Ithoughthewasgone.Andtheneverythingstopped.Helandedonhisfeet.Inthosefirstquietmoments,Icouldn'tbelieveitwasover,Jimmysaidhe'dgooutsidetocheck.“No,”Isaid.“Don’tleaveme.Don’tleaveme.”O(jiān)urneighborsaidthestormlastedfourminutes.Inthattime,fourofthetwelvetownhousesinourunitwerepletelydestroyed.Ofthehousesleftstanding,ourssufferedthemostdamage.Amazingly,noneofuswereseverelyinjured.4．Wheredidthehusbandfirstgetthewarninginformationaboutthetornado?A．Fromtheweatherforecast.B．Fromamoviehewaswatching.C．Fromthelocalbroadcaststation.D．FromthemovingwordsonaTVprogramme.5．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“coverage”mean?A．Power. B．Description. C．Arrival. D．Delay.6．Whydidn'tthewifefeelpain?A．Becauseshedidn'tgetanyhurtwhenthestormhit.B．Becauseshewastooscaredtofeelpain.C．Becausesheusedallherstrengthtoholdontoherhusband.D．Becauseshehadreachedthecupboardandshewassafe.7．What'stheauthor'spurposebywritingthepassage?A．Tosharewithusherexperienceofsurvivingatornado.B．Towarnusofthedangercausedbytornadoes.C．Toshowushowtofightagainstatornado.D．Totellushowtoprotectusfromdangeroustornadoes.【答案】4．D5．C6．C7．A【解析】這是一篇記敘文。文章講述了作者和丈夫經(jīng)歷了一次龍卷風(fēng)幸存下來(lái)的經(jīng)歷。4．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段第二句“Thefirstalertmyhusband,Jimmy,67,andI,65,gotcamearound9p.m.,fromsomescrollingtextontheTVJimmywaswatching.”(我和我67歲的丈夫吉米第一次接到警報(bào)是在晚上9點(diǎn)左右，當(dāng)時(shí)吉米正在看電視上滾動(dòng)的文本。)可知，丈夫首先從電視節(jié)目上的滾動(dòng)文本中得知龍卷風(fēng)的警告信息。故選D。5．詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第二段第一句中的“itwasontopofus”(它就在我們上面)和第二句“ItwastheloudestthingIhaveeverheard.”(這是我聽(tīng)過(guò)的最響的聲音。)可知，此處是指發(fā)現(xiàn)龍卷風(fēng)的到來(lái)，所以coverage意為“到來(lái)”。故選C。6．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段第三句“IheldJimmy'sarmandtriedtobringJimmywithit.”(我抓住吉米的胳膊，想把吉米也拽過(guò)來(lái)。)和第五句“IfIhadletgo,Jimmywouldhaveflownrightoutthebackofthehouseandintothebay.”(如果我放手，吉米就會(huì)從房子后面飛到海灣里去。)可知，妻子并不感到痛苦是因?yàn)樗帽M了所有的力氣去抓住丈夫。故選C。7．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“Nosoonerhadwefoundcoverageofthetornadothanitwasontopofus.ItwastheloudestthingIhaveeverheard.Thebonesofthehouseshook,andthepowerwentout.Thewindbegantoroarthroughthehouse,mostlikelythroughblownoutwindowsandthedoortoourgarage.”（我們一看到龍卷風(fēng)的報(bào)道，它就在我們頭頂上。這是我聽(tīng)過(guò)的最響的聲音。房子的骨架搖晃了一下，接著就停電了。風(fēng)開(kāi)始呼嘯著穿過(guò)房子，很可能是從被吹破的窗戶和車庫(kù)門吹進(jìn)來(lái)的）根據(jù)最后一段最后兩句“Ofthehousesleftstanding,ourssufferedthemostdamage.Amazingly,noneofuswereseverelyinjured.”(在幸存的房屋中，我們的房屋受損最嚴(yán)重。令人驚訝的是，我們都沒(méi)有嚴(yán)重受傷。)可知，作者寫這篇文章的目的是和我們分享她在龍卷風(fēng)中幸存的經(jīng)歷。故選A。CA6.2-magnitudeearthquakehittheNorthernCaliforniacoastonMonday,bringingsignificantshakingbutlikelyslightdamagetotheless-populatedarea.Theearthquakeoccurredjustafternoonandwascenteredoffthecoastabout337kilometersnorthwestofSanFrancisco,justoffatinytowncalledPetroliathat’shometofewerthan1,000people.Thenearestpopulationcenter,Eureka,isabout72kilometersnorth.Thatleftonlyabout25,000peopleintherangeofstrongorverystrongshaking,accordingtotheUSGeologicalSurvey(USGS),thoughresidentsasfarawayasSacramentoandtheSanFranciscoBayAreareportedfeelingtrembling.TheHumboldtCountySheriff’sofficeofemergencyservicesclosedafewroads.TheUSGssaidtheearthquakecausedlossesaboutlessthan$10millionandnodeathshadbeenreported.Thearealastsufferedanearthquakeofasimilarmagnitudein1993,whenonepersondied.“Theshakinglastedforabout20seconds.Glassbottlesfellofftheshelvesatthestore,breakingintopiecesonthefloor,butnoonewashurt,”PetroliaGeneralStoremanagerJaneDextersaid.“ItwasbiggerthananythingI’vefeltinmylife,”sheadded.California’sOfficeofEmergencyServices(OES)said2,500peopleweretoldabouttheearthquakebeforeshakingbeganthroughthestate’searlywarningsystemcalledMyShake.“Itisaveryusefultooltoannouncewarningtips.Itsavedusindeed.Yet,westillhavetoremainverycareful...aslargeaftershocks(余震)willoccuralongtheNorthCoastoverthenextfewdays,”O(jiān)ESDirectorMarkGhilarduccisaidinastatement.8．WhatcanwelearnabouttheearthquakeonMonday?A．ItoccurredontheNorthernCaliforniacoast.B．Itbroughtsignificantdamagetothearea.C．Itcausedstrongshakinginthewholenation.D．Itdestroyedasmalltownpletely.9．WhatcanweinferfromJaneDexter’swords?A．Thestorehadtoberebuilt.B．Sheneverfeltsuchabigearthquake.C．Someworkersgotbadlyinjured.D．Noonewouldgoshoppingatthestore.10．WhatisMarkGhilarducci’sadviceforpeopleinCalifornia?A．Unloadingthewarningsystem.B．Keepingstayinginshelters.C．Workingfromhomeoverthenextfewdays.D．Watchingoutfortheaftershocks.11．Whereisthistextmostlikelyfrom?A．Aweatherforecast. B．Alabreport.C．Anewsreport. D．Atravelguide.【答案】8．A9．B10．D11．C【解析】本文是一篇新聞報(bào)道。主要報(bào)道了周一在北加州海岸發(fā)生了一場(chǎng)6.2級(jí)地震，造成了嚴(yán)重的震動(dòng)，可能對(duì)這個(gè)人口較少的地區(qū)造成輕微損害。8．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“A6.2-magnitudeearthquakehittheNorthernCaliforniacoastonMonday,bringingsignificantshakingbutlikelyslightdamagetotheless-populatedarea.(周一，一場(chǎng)6.2級(jí)地震襲擊了北加州海岸，造成了嚴(yán)重的震動(dòng)，但可能對(duì)這個(gè)人口較少的地區(qū)造成輕微損害。)”可知，這場(chǎng)地震發(fā)生在北加州海岸。故選A。9．推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第四段““Theshakinglastedforabout20seconds.Glassbottlesfellofftheshelvesatthestore,breakingintopiecesonthefloor,butnoonewashurt,”PetroliaGeneralStoremanagerJaneDextersaid.“ItwasbiggerthananythingI’vefeltinmylife,”sheadded.(地震持續(xù)了大約20秒。Petrolia百貨商店經(jīng)理JaneDexter說(shuō)：“玻璃瓶從商店的貨架上掉下來(lái)，在地板上摔成了碎片，但沒(méi)有人受傷?！彼a(bǔ)充說(shuō)：“這是我一生中從未有過(guò)的感覺(jué)?！?”可在，JaneDexter從未經(jīng)歷過(guò)這么嚴(yán)重的地震。故選B。10．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段““Itisaveryusefultooltoannouncewarningtips.Itsavedusindeed.Yet,westillhavetoremainverycareful…aslargeaftershocks(余震)willoccuralongtheNorthCoastoverthenextfewdays,”O(jiān)ESDirectorMarkGhilarduccisaidinastatement.(“這是一個(gè)非常有用的系統(tǒng)來(lái)宣布警告提示。它確實(shí)拯救了我們。然而，我們?nèi)匀槐仨毞浅Ｐ⌒摹驗(yàn)槲磥?lái)幾天北海岸沿線將發(fā)生大余震。”O(jiān)ES主任MarkGhilarducci在一份聲明中說(shuō)。)”可知，MarkGhilarducci建議人們小心余震。故選D。11．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“A6.2-magnitudeearthquakehittheNorthernCaliforniacoastonMonday,bringingsignificantshakingbutlikelyslightdamagetotheless-populatedarea.(周一，一場(chǎng)6.2級(jí)地震襲擊了北加州海岸，造成了嚴(yán)重的震動(dòng)，但可能對(duì)這個(gè)人口較少的地區(qū)造成輕微損害。)”可知，文章在第一段就言簡(jiǎn)意賅地說(shuō)明了文章主要內(nèi)容；第二段詳細(xì)介紹了地震發(fā)生的地區(qū)，第四段還有人物采訪。這是很典型的新聞報(bào)道。故選C。DFordecades,climatescientistshavenamedhurricanesandrankedthemaccordingtothedamage.“Namingandcategorizing(把……歸類)heatwavesisalsoamust,”statesanewlyformedinternationalunion,calledtheExtremeHeatResilienceAlliance.“Hurricanesgetattentionbecausetheycauseobviousphysicaldamage,”saysJenniferMarlon,aclimatescientistatYaleUniversity.Heatwaves,however,havelessevidenteffects,sincetheprimarydamageistohumanhealth.HeatwaveskillmorepeopleintheUnitedStatesthananyotherweather-relateddisaster.DatafromtheNationalWeatherServiceshowthatfrom1986to2019,therewere4,257deathsasaresultofheat.Byparison,therewerefewerdeathsbyfloods(2,907),tornadoes(2,203)orhurricanes(1,405)overthesameperiod.What’smore,climatechangeisincreasingthepossibilityofhightemperatureeventsworldwide,gettingtensofthousandsofpeopledyingeachyearbecauseofheat.Somepopulationsareparticularlyeasilyharmedbyhighheat,includingpeopleover65andthosewithpotentialmedicalconditions.Historicalracialdiscriminationalsoputsminoritymunitiesathigherrisk.Duetohousingpolicies,theyaremorelikelytoliveinurbanareas,heatislandswhichlackgreenspacesthathelpcooldownneighborhoods.Partofthenamingandrankingprocesswillincludedefiningexactlywhataheatwaveis.Nosingledefinitioncurrentlyexists.Withoutauniversallyaccepteddefinitionofaheatwave,“Wedon’thaveamonunderstandingofthedangerweface,”saysAaronBernstein,anexpertofthenewgroup.“Definedcategoriesforheatwavescouldhelplocalofficialsbetterpreparetodealwithpotentialhealthproblemsinthefaceofrisingtemperatures.Andnamingandcategorizingheatwavescouldincreasepublicawarenessofthehealthriskscausedbythesesilentkillers.”TheunionishavingconversationswiththeNationalOceanicandAtmosphericAdministration,theWorldMeteorologicalOrganizationandotherinstitutionstodevelopastandardnamingandrankingpractice.12．WhatdoweknowabouttheheatwaveinAmerica?A．Itcausesmostseriousphysicaldamage.B．Ithasgotmoreattentioninrecentyears.C．Itkillsmorepeoplethanothernaturaldisasters.D．Itisthebiggestkilleramongweather-relateddisasters.13．Whyareminoritypopulationseasilyharmedbyheatwaves?A．Theyliveinpoorly-builthouses. B．Theylackgoodmedicalresources.C．Theyhavelessaccesstogreenspaces. D．Theyarelimitedintheirmovements.14．Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardstheexpertmentionedinParagraph4?A．Supportive. B．Negative.C．Conservative(保守的) D．Objective.15．Whatdoesthetextintendtotellusaboutheatwaves?A．Theyalsokillliveslikehurricanes. B．Theyshouldhavenameslikehurricanes.C．Climatechangeisaffectingthemgreatly. D．Measuresshouldbetakentopreventthem.【答案】12．D13．C14．A15．B【解析】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要說(shuō)明了有關(guān)組織和科學(xué)家表示，高溫應(yīng)該像颶風(fēng)一樣進(jìn)行命名，也介紹了高溫所帶來(lái)的危害和對(duì)高溫進(jìn)行命名和分類會(huì)帶來(lái)的好處。12．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“HeatwaveskillmorepeopleintheUnitedStatesthananyotherweather-relateddisaster.(在美國(guó)，熱浪造成的死亡人數(shù)比其他任何與天氣有關(guān)的災(zāi)難都要多)”可知，在美國(guó)，熱浪是與天氣有關(guān)的災(zāi)害中最大的殺手。故選D。13．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“Historicalracialdiscriminationalsoputsminoritymunitiesathigherrisk.Duetohousingpolicies,theyaremorelikelytoliveinurbanareas,heatislandswhichlackgreenspacesthathelpcooldownneighborhoods.(歷史上的種族歧視也使少數(shù)族裔社區(qū)面臨更高的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。由于住房政策的原因，他們更有可能生活在城市地區(qū)，這些熱島地區(qū)缺乏有助于冷卻社區(qū)的綠地。)”可知，少數(shù)民族容易受到高溫的傷害因?yàn)樗麄兒苌俳佑|綠色空間。故選C。14．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段“Partofthenamingandrankingprocesswillincludedefiningexactlywhataheatwaveis.Nosingledefinitioncurrentlyexists.Withoutauniversallyaccepteddefinitionofaheatwave,“Wedon’thaveamonunderstandingofthedangerweface,”saysAaronBernstein,anexpertofthenewgroup.“Definedcategoriesforheatwavescouldhelplocalofficialsbetterpreparetodealwithpotentialhealthproblemsinthefaceofrisingtemperatures.Andnamingandcategorizingheatwavescouldincreasepublicawarenessofthehealthriskscausedbythesesilentkillers.””(命名和排名過(guò)程的一部分將包括準(zhǔn)確定義什么是熱浪。目前還不存在單一的定義。沒(méi)有一個(gè)普遍接受的熱浪的定義，“我們對(duì)我們面臨的危險(xiǎn)沒(méi)有一個(gè)共同的理解，”新小組的專家AaronBernstein說(shuō)?！按_定熱浪類別可以幫助當(dāng)?shù)毓賳T在氣溫上升的情況下更好地準(zhǔn)備應(yīng)對(duì)潛在的健康問(wèn)題。對(duì)熱浪進(jìn)行命名和分類可以提高公眾對(duì)這些無(wú)聲殺手造成的健康風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的意識(shí)?！?”可知，作者認(rèn)為高溫應(yīng)該進(jìn)行命名和排名，所以對(duì)第四段中提到的專家的態(tài)度是支持的。故選A。15．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“Fordecades,climatescientistshavenamedhurricanesandrankedthemaccordingtothedamage.“Namingandcategorizing（把……歸類）heatwavesisalsoamust,”statesanewlyformedinternationalunion,calledtheExtremeHeatResilienceAlliance.“Hurricanesgetattentionbecausetheycauseobviousphysicaldamage,”saysJenniferMarlon,aclimatescientistatYaleUniversity.Heatwaves,however,havelessevidenteffects,sincetheprimarydamageistohumanhealth.(幾十年來(lái)，氣候科學(xué)家們一直根據(jù)破壞程度給颶風(fēng)命名并排序?！皩?duì)熱浪進(jìn)行命名和分類也是必須的，”一個(gè)新成立的國(guó)際聯(lián)盟極端抗熱能力聯(lián)盟（ExtremeheatResilienceAlliance）表示。耶魯大學(xué)氣候科學(xué)家詹妮弗·馬龍說(shuō):“颶風(fēng)之所以受到關(guān)注，是因?yàn)樗鼈冊(cè)斐闪嗣黠@的物理?yè)p害?！比欢?，熱浪的影響不太明顯，因?yàn)樗闹饕獡p害是人體健康。)”并結(jié)合文章主要說(shuō)明了有組織和科學(xué)家表示，高溫應(yīng)該像颶風(fēng)一樣進(jìn)行命名，高溫所帶來(lái)的危害和對(duì)高溫進(jìn)行命名和分類會(huì)帶來(lái)的好處可知，這篇文章想告訴我們高溫應(yīng)該像颶風(fēng)一樣有名字。故選B。第二節(jié)(共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Chinaisoneofthecountrieswiththemostseriousnaturaldisastersintheworld.Therearemanykindsofdisasters,withwidedistribution,highfrequencyandheavylosses.Inthebackgroundofglobalclimatechange,majornaturaldisastersoccurfromtimetotime.____16____ItmakesChinafaceevenmuchsevereandplexsituation.Inordertorasetheawarenessofdisasterpreventionandminimizethelosses,warningsandinstructionsaregivetothepublic.____17____Let’shavealook.FireWhenafirebreaksout,smokethreatensmostly.____18____Rollonthegroundifyoufindyourclothesonfire.Itistoodangeroustotaketheelevatorinthissituation,soitisbettertouseabundleofropeandsafelyslidedownfromthebalcony.Jumpingoffthebuildingblindlywillcauseseriousinjuries.Mud-rockflowRainstormmaycausemud-rockflow,anit’sreallydangeroustostaydownstream.Whenyoutrytoescapefromit,insteadofgoingalongthebottomoftheditch,itismuchwisertoclimbupthemountainhorizontallyquickly.Pleaseescapefromditchwhenselectingcampingfield.It’simportanttochecktheweatherwhengoingintothemountainFlood____19____Wecoulduseawoodenbedortabletomakearaftandtieittoabigtreewithasafety.

rope.Wehavetopreparefoodandwarmclothestogetthroughit.LightningstrikeOncloudyandrainydays,alightningstrikemayhappen.____20____Ofcourse,youalsoshouldstayawayfromirontowerpoles.Weneedtopayattentiontoitevenwhenwestayathome.Closethedoors,windowsandcutoffthepower.A．Cutoffthepowerandshutoffwatersources.B．Pleasedon’tstandunderthetreeinsuchkindofweather.C．Trytofindahigherplace,butstayingonaroofisn’tagoodchoice.D．Firstyouneedtotakeshelter,thenfindagapunderthetableorbed.E．LossescausedbynaturaldisasterinChinaarecontinuouslyincreasing.F．Theyalsoplayapartinpopularizetheknowledgeandself-rescueskills.G．Inthatcase,pleasecoveryournoseandyourmouthwithawettowel.【答案】16．E17．F18．G19．C20．B【解析】本文為一篇說(shuō)明文。文章介紹了幾種重大自然災(zāi)害下的防災(zāi)自救知識(shí)。16．前文“Inthebackgroundofglobalclimatechange,majornaturaldisastersoccurfromtimetotime.(在全球氣候變化的背景下，重大自然災(zāi)害時(shí)有發(fā)生)”以及后文“ItmakesChinafaceevenmuchsevereandplexsituation.(這使中國(guó)面臨更加嚴(yán)峻和復(fù)雜的形勢(shì))”故E項(xiàng)“中國(guó)自然災(zāi)害造成的損失不斷增加?！背薪由衔挠性S多自然災(zāi)害，損失不斷增加引出下文面臨更嚴(yán)峻和復(fù)雜的形式。故選E項(xiàng)。17．前文“Inordertorasetheawarenessofdisasterpreventionandminimizethelosses,warningsandinstructionsaregivetothepublic.(為了提高防災(zāi)意識(shí)，最大限度地減少損失，政府向公眾發(fā)出警告和指示)”故F項(xiàng)“他們還在普及知識(shí)和自救技能方面發(fā)揮了作用?！迸c前文為并列關(guān)系。故選F項(xiàng)。18．前文“Whenafirebreaksout,smokethreatensmostly.(當(dāng)火災(zāi)發(fā)生時(shí)，煙霧威脅最大)”故G項(xiàng)“那樣的話，請(qǐng)用濕毛巾捂住鼻子和嘴巴?！笔腔馂?zāi)發(fā)生時(shí)避免煙霧威脅的措施。故選G項(xiàng)。19．結(jié)合小標(biāo)題“Flood(洪水)”可知，本段主要講述洪水來(lái)臨時(shí)的辦法。故C項(xiàng)“試著找一個(gè)更高的地方，但是呆在屋頂上不是一個(gè)好的選擇?！狈洗颂幒樗畞?lái)臨時(shí)的語(yǔ)境。故選C項(xiàng)。20．前文“Oncloudyandrainydays,alightningstrikemayhappen.(在陰天和雨天，可能會(huì)發(fā)生雷擊)”故B項(xiàng)“在這樣的天氣里，請(qǐng)不要站在樹(shù)下。”符合此處語(yǔ)境，下雨天站在樹(shù)下十分危險(xiǎn)。故選B項(xiàng)。第二部分語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。JoelBoyersandhiswife,MelodyAmong,wereheadinghomeintheirhelicopter(直升機(jī)）whenhereceivedacallforhelpfromastranger.Thecaller’sbrotherandher_____21_____weretrappedontheirroofinWaverlybecauseoftherisingfloodwater.Thecaller_____22_____JoelBoyerstoetotheiraid.BoyerslookedwesttowardsWaverlyatthestormclouds.Awareofthedangerto_____23_____insuchbadweather,though,he_____24_____putthebrother’saddressintohis_____25_____.Soon,heandAmongwereintheair,_____26_____forwhattheywereabouttoseeinWaverly.Uponarriving,hefoundthewaterbelowwas_____27_____.Peoplewereholdingontoanythingthatdidn’tmove—roofs,trees.Thefloodingalso______28______cellphoneservice,meaningBoyerscouldn’tusehisphonetolocatethe_____29_____hewaslookingfor.Heflewonanyway.AsBoyersdrovethehelicopter,Amongbegan____30____peopleonroofsandbridges—anywhereBoyerscould_____31_____andgetthemonboard.Arescuedmanpointedtoateenager.Theteenagerheldontoabranchwithonehandandtheotherheldadogshe’dsavedearlierwhilebothwere_____32_____inthecurrent(水流).WithnoplaceforBoyerstoland,he_____33_____thehelicopteruntilithovered(盤旋)justabovethewaterline.Therescuedmanjumpedoutandswamtothetree,wherehehelpedtheteenandthedogtothe_____34_____.Thoughtheexperiencewas_____35_____,Boyersadmitteditwasfun.21．A．neighbour B．wife C．friend D．daughter22．A．ordered B．a(chǎn)ttracted C．begged D．challenged23．A．pack B．fly C．quit D．swim24．A．immediately B．secretly C．gradually D．creatively25．A．card B．pocket C．puter D．phone26．A．unprepared B．intended C．relieved D．recognized27．A．peaceful B．rapid C．familiar D．clean28．A．revised B．delivered C．damaged D．registered29．A．house B．tree C．car D．bridge30．A．debatingwith B．a(chǎn)daptingto C．mentingon D．searchingfor31．A．land B．rise C．jump D．look32．A．training B．exploring C．experimenting D．struggling33．A．reserved B．lowered C．followed D．designed34．A．home B．school C．helicopter D．truck35．A．plain B．a(chǎn)wkward C．a(chǎn)dventurous D．formal【答案】21．D22．C23．B24．A25．D26．A27．B28．C29．A30．D31．A32．D33．B34．C35．C【解析】這是一篇記敘文，講述了JoelBoyers和他的妻子MelodyAmong不顧危險(xiǎn)，駕駛直升飛機(jī)搶救被洪水圍困的人的故事。21．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：打者的弟弟和她的女兒由于上漲的洪水被困在韋弗利的屋頂。A.neighbour鄰居；B.wife妻子；C.friend朋友；D.daughter女兒。根據(jù)上文“Thecaller’sbrotherandher”和下文“Theteenager”可知，打的人是女的，她打說(shuō)她的家人被困，“女兒”符合語(yǔ)境。故選D。22．考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：打的人懇求JoelBoyers來(lái)營(yíng)救他們。A.ordered命令；B.attracted吸引；C.begged懇求；D.challenged挑戰(zhàn)。根據(jù)上文“trappedontheirroofinWaverlybecauseoftherisingfloodwater”可知，他們被困在屋頂，因此是懇求JoelBoyers來(lái)營(yíng)救他們。故選C。23．考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：雖然意識(shí)到在如此惡劣條件下飛行的危險(xiǎn)性，但是，他還是立即將求救者弟弟的地址輸入。A.pack打包；B.fly飛翔；C.quit停止；D.swim游泳。根據(jù)上文“headinghomeintheirhelicopter(直升機(jī))”可知，他們乘坐直升機(jī)回家，因此在如此惡劣條件下飛行是很危險(xiǎn)的。故選B。24．考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：雖然意識(shí)到在如此惡劣條件下飛行的危險(xiǎn)性，但是，他還是立即將求救者弟弟的地址輸入。A.immediately立即地；B.secretly秘密地；C.gradually逐漸地；D.creatively創(chuàng)造性地。根據(jù)上文“BoyerslookedwesttowardsWaverlyatthestormclouds.”可知，當(dāng)時(shí)烏云密布，情況緊急，因此他立即將求救者弟弟的地址輸入。故選A。25．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：雖然意識(shí)到在如此惡劣條件下飛行的危險(xiǎn)性，但是，他還是立即將求救者的地址輸入。A.card卡片；B.pocket口袋；C.puter電腦；D.phone。根據(jù)下文“Boyerscouldn’tusehisphonetolocatethe”可知，Boyers不能使用他的去定位，由此可知他將求救者弟弟的地址輸入。故選D。26．考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：不久，他和Among就在空中，對(duì)他們即將在韋弗利看到的一切毫無(wú)準(zhǔn)備。A.unprepared沒(méi)有準(zhǔn)備好；B.intended打算；C.relieved緩解；D.recognized認(rèn)出。根據(jù)上文“Soon,heandAmongwereintheair”可知，他們很匆忙，還沒(méi)有準(zhǔn)備好會(huì)在韋弗利將會(huì)看到什么。故選A。27．考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：已到達(dá)營(yíng)救地的上空，他們就發(fā)現(xiàn)下面的水流很急。A.peaceful和平的；B.rapid迅速的；C.familiar熟悉的；D.clean干凈的。根據(jù)下文“Peoplewereholdingontoanythingthatdidn’tmove—roofs,trees.”可知，人們緊緊地抓住不能移動(dòng)的任何東西，由此可知水流很急。故選B。28．考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：洪水也破壞了服務(wù)，這就意味著B(niǎo)oyers不能定位到他尋找的房子。A.revised復(fù)習(xí)，修正；B.delivered運(yùn)送；C.damaged破壞；D.registered注冊(cè)。根據(jù)下文“meaningBoyerscouldn’tusehisphonetolocatethe”可知，Boyers不能定位到他尋找的房子，因此洪水也破壞了服務(wù)。故選C。29．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：洪水也破壞了服務(wù)，這就意味著B(niǎo)oyers不能定位到他尋找的房子。A.house房子；B.tree樹(shù)；C.car小車；D.bridge橋。根據(jù)上文“weretrappedontheirroof”可知，他們被困在屋頂，因此Boyers尋找他們所在的房子。故選A。30．考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)Boyers駕駛直升機(jī)時(shí)，Among開(kāi)始搜尋屋頂和橋上的人。A.debatingwith爭(zhēng)論；B.adaptingto適應(yīng)；C.mentingon品論；D.searchingfor搜尋。根據(jù)上文“weretrappedontheirroof”可知，他們被困在屋頂，因此Boyers和Among在搜尋他們。故選D。31．考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：任何讓Boyers著陸的地方，使求救者上來(lái)。A.land著陸；B.rise上升；C.jump跳；D.look看。根據(jù)下文“getthemonboard”可知，要讓求救者上來(lái)，他必須找到著陸的地方。故選A。32．考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：那個(gè)青少年一只手抓著樹(shù)干，另一只手抓住她救的小狗，兩個(gè)都在水里掙扎。A.training訓(xùn)練；B.exploring探索；C.experimenting實(shí)驗(yàn)；D.struggling掙扎。根據(jù)上文“Theteenagerheldontoabranchwithonehandandtheotherheldadogshe’dsavedearlier”可知，被困洪水，兩個(gè)在水里掙扎。故選D。33．考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：找不到著陸的地方，Boyers就降低直升機(jī)到水面線上。A.reserved預(yù)訂，儲(chǔ)備；B.lowered降低；C.followed緊跟；D.designed設(shè)計(jì)。根據(jù)下文“untilithovered(盤旋)justabovethewaterline”可知，由于找不到著陸的地方，他就降低直升機(jī)到水面線上。故選B。34．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：獲救的男子跳出來(lái)，游向樹(shù)，幫助女孩和小狗進(jìn)入到直升機(jī)里。A.home家；B.school；C.helicopter直升飛機(jī)；D.truck卡車。根據(jù)上文“thehelicopteruntilithovered(盤旋)justabovethewaterline”可知，他們是被直升機(jī)救了。故選C。35．考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：盡管這個(gè)經(jīng)歷很冒險(xiǎn)，但是Boyers覺(jué)得很快樂(lè)。A.plain樸素的；B.awkward尷尬的；C.adventurous冒險(xiǎn)的；D.formal正式的。根據(jù)上文“Awareofthedangerto”可知，這是一次危險(xiǎn)的救人經(jīng)歷。故選C。第二節(jié)(共10小題；每小題1.5分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。About400earthquakesoccureveryday,morethanahundredthousandayear.Therehavebeenmany____36____(terrible)destructiveearthquakes.Themostseriousofthese____37____(occur)inHuaCounty,ShaanxiProvincein1556,____38____affectedanareaof800squarekilometersineightprovinces.____39____total,830,000peoplelosttheirlives.Anotherexampleisthe1906CaliforniaEarthquake,theworstearthquakethathaseverhappenedintheUnitedStates.Itlastedonlyaminute.____40____,itcausedtheworstnaturaldisasterinthenation’shistory.Fires____41____(cause)bytheearthquakeburnedforthreedays,____42____(destroy)atotalof25,000buildings.About500people____43____(kill)inthecityofSanFranciscoand250,000weremade____44____(home).InthewholeofCalifornia,theearthquakeandfirescausedabout3,000____45____(die).【答案】36．terribly37．occurred38．which39．In40．However41．caused42．destroying43．werekilled44．homeless45．deaths【解析】這是一篇說(shuō)明文，文章主要講述了兩次最嚴(yán)重的地震，1556年的陜西省華縣地震和1906年的加利福尼亞地震。36．考查副詞。句意：曾經(jīng)發(fā)生過(guò)許多極具破壞性的地震。此處修飾形容詞destructive，應(yīng)用副詞形式。故填terribly。37．考查一般過(guò)去時(shí)。句意：其中最嚴(yán)重的一次發(fā)生在1556年的陜西省華縣，波及8個(gè)省，面積達(dá)800平方公里。此處是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，根據(jù)in1556可知，句子用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，故填occurred。38．考查定語(yǔ)從句。句意：其中最嚴(yán)重的一次發(fā)生在1556年的陜西省華縣，波及8個(gè)省，面積達(dá)800平方公里。分析句子可知，此處引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，先行詞是Themostseriousofthese，關(guān)系詞在從句中作主語(yǔ)，應(yīng)用which引導(dǎo)。故填which。39．考查介詞。句意：總共有83萬(wàn)人喪生。intotal總計(jì)，固定短語(yǔ)，首字母應(yīng)大寫。故填I(lǐng)n。40．考查副詞。句意：然而，它造成了美國(guó)歷史上最嚴(yán)重的自然災(zāi)害。上文“Itlastedonlyaminute.(它只持續(xù)了一分鐘)”提到地震只持續(xù)了一分鐘，與下文“它造成了美國(guó)歷史上最嚴(yán)重的自然災(zāi)害”之間是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，應(yīng)用副詞however，首字母應(yīng)大寫。故填However。41．考查過(guò)去分詞。句意：地震引起的大火燃燒了3天，共摧毀了25000棟建筑。動(dòng)詞cause和fire之間是邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，應(yīng)用過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)。故填caused。42．考查現(xiàn)在分詞。句意：地震引起的大火燃燒了3天，共摧毀了25000棟建筑。動(dòng)詞destroy的邏輯主語(yǔ)是前面整句話，兩者之間是主謂關(guān)系，應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)。故填destroying。43．考查時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)和主謂一致。句意：舊金山市約有500人喪生，25萬(wàn)人無(wú)家可歸。此處是講述過(guò)去發(fā)生的事情，且主語(yǔ)people和動(dòng)詞kill之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，應(yīng)用一般過(guò)去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，主語(yǔ)people表示復(fù)數(shù)意義，應(yīng)用werekilled。44．考查形容詞。句意：舊金山市約有500人喪生，25萬(wàn)人無(wú)家可歸。此處應(yīng)用形容詞作主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，homeless無(wú)家可歸的，故填homeless。45．考查名詞復(fù)數(shù)。句意：在整個(gè)加州，地震和火災(zāi)造成約3000人死亡。此處應(yīng)用名詞作賓語(yǔ)，death死亡，可數(shù)名詞，由空前的3,000可知此處應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式。故填deaths。第三部分寫作(共兩節(jié)，滿分40分)第一節(jié)應(yīng)用文寫作(滿分15分)假定你是李華，得知你的美國(guó)網(wǎng)友Bill的家鄉(xiāng)發(fā)生山火，房屋被燒毀，他現(xiàn)在住在臨時(shí)避難所。請(qǐng)你寫一封郵件慰問(wèn)他，內(nèi)容要點(diǎn)如下：1.詢問(wèn)受災(zāi)情況，表示關(guān)心；2.鼓勵(lì)他振作起來(lái)，重建家園。注意：1.詞數(shù)80左右；2.可適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫；3.開(kāi)頭和結(jié)尾已給出，不計(jì)入總詞數(shù)。參考詞匯：山火mountainfireDearBill,_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________