大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)模擬考試試題

大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)模擬考試試題

PartIWriting(30minutes)

Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteanessaytitled"Istechnology

makingpeoplelazy?nThestatementgivenbelowisforyourreference.Youshouldwriteat

least120wordshutnomorethan180words.

Manystudiesclaimthatcomputersdistractpeople,makethemlazythinkersandeven

lowertheirworkefficiency.

PartIIListeningComprehension(25minutes)

SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhearthreenewsreports.Attheendofeachnewsreport,

youwillheartwoorthreequestions.Boththenewsreportandthequestionswillhespoken

onlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoices

markedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasingle

linethroughthecentre.

Questions1and2arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.

1.A)EnrolhiminaNewcastlefootballclub.

B)Sendhimtoanafter-schoolartclass.

C)Forbidhimtodrawinhisworkbook.

D)Helphimposthisdrawingsonline.

2.A)ContactedJoetodecorateitsdining-room.

B)HiredJoetopaintallthewallsofitsbuildings.

C)Renovateditskitchenandallthedining-rooms.

D)AskedJoeforpermissiontousehisonlinedrawings

Questions3and4arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.

3.A)Scotlandwillreachthenationaltargetincarbonemissionsreductionaheadofschedule.

B)GlasgowCityCouncilhasmadeadealwithScottishPoweroncarbonemissions.

C)GlasgowhaspledgedtotaketheleadinreducingcarbonemissionsintheUK.

D)FirstMinisterNicolaSturgeonurgedScottishPowertoreducecarbonemissions.

4.A)Glasgowneedstoinvestinnewtechnologiestoreachitsgoal.

B)Glasgowisgoingtoexplorenewsourcesofrenewableenergy.

C)StricterregulationisneededintransformingGlasgow'seconomy.

D)It'snecessarytocreatemorelow-emissionzonesassoonaspossible.

Questions5to7arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.

5.A)Providefreemealstothelocalpoor.

B)Helppeopleconnectwitheachother.

C)Helpeliminateclassdifferenceinhisarea.

D)Providecustomerswithfirst-classservice.

6.A)Itdoesnotsuperviseitsemployees.

B)Itdoesnotusevolunteers.

C)Itdonatesregularlytoalocalcharity.

D)Itisopenroundtheclock.

7.A)Theywillrealisetheimportanceofcommunication.

B)Theywillcometothecafeevenmorefrequently.

C)Theywillcarelessabouttheirownbackground.

D)Theywillfindtheyhavesomethingincommon.

SectionB

Directions:Inthissection,youwillheartwolongconversations.Attheendofeach

conversation,youwillhearfourquestions.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbe

spokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefour

choicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet

1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.

Questions8to11arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.

8.A)AsurprisepartyforPaul'sbirthday.

B)Travelplansforthecomingweekend.

C)PreparationsforSaturday'sget-together.

D)Thenewmarketontheothersideoftown.

9.A)Itmakesthehostess'sjobawholeloteasier.

B)Itenablesgueststowalkaroundandchatfreely.

C)Itsavesconsiderabletimeandlabor.

D)Itrequiresfewertablesandchairs.

10.A)Itofferssomebigdiscounts.

B)Itisquiteclosetoherhouse.

C)Itismorespaciousandlesscrowded.

D)Itsellslocalwinesandsoftdrinks.

11.A)Cookadishfortheparty.

B)Arrive10minutesearlier.

C)Prepareafewopeningremarks.

D)Bringhiscomputerandspeakers.

Questions12to15arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.

12.A)Shoppingdelivery.

B)Shoppingonline.

C)Wherehegoesshopping.

D)Howoftenhedoesshopping.

13.A)Searchingintheaisles.

B)Dealingwiththetraffic.

C)Drivingtoolongadistance.

D)Gettingone'scarparked.

14.A)Theafter-salesservice.

B)Thereplacementpolicy.

C)Thequalityoffoodproducts.

D)Thedamagetothepackaging.

15.A)Itsavesmoney.

B)Itoffersmorechoice.

C)Itincreasesthejoyofshopping.

D)Itislesstime-consuming.

SectionC

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhearthreepassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwill

hearthreeorfourquestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.After

youhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)

andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthe

centre.

Questions16to18arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.

16.A)Manyescapedfromfarmsandbecamewild.

B)TheywereactuallynativetoNorthAmerica.

C)Manygotkilledinthewildwhensearchingforfood.

D)TheywerehuntedbySpanishandRussianexplorers.

17.A)Theyoftenmakesuddenattacksonpeople.

B)Theybreakupnature'sfoodsupplychain.

C)Theycausemuchenvironmentalpollution.

D)Theycarryagreatmanydiseases.

18.A)Theylivedpeacefullywithwildpigs.

B)Theyranoutoffoodcompletely.

C)Theyfellvictimtoeagles.

D)Theyreproducedquickly.

Questions19to21arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.

19.A)Tastecoffeewhileinouterspace.

B)Roastcoffeebeansinouterspace.

C)Developanewstrainofcoffeebeans.

D)Useapressurisedtanktobrewcoffee.

20.A)Theycaneasilygetburned.

B)Theyfloataroundintheoven.

C)Theyhavetobeheatedto360℃.

D)Theyreceiveevenlydistributedheat.

21.A)Theychargedahighpricefortheirspace-roastedcoffeebeans.

B)TheysetupabranchinDubaitomanufacturecoffeeroasters.

C)Theycollaboratedonbuildingthefirstspacecoffeemachine.

D)Theyabandonedtheattempttoroastcoffeebeansinspace.

Questions22to25arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.

22.A)Theyarerelativelyuniformincoloranddesign.

B)Theyappearmoreformalthanotherpassports.

C)Theyareashadeofredborderingonbrown.

D)Theyvaryincolorfromcountrytocountry.

23.A)Theymustendurewearandtear.

B)Theymustbeofthesamesize.

C)Theymustbemadefromararematerial.

D)Theymustfollowsomecommonstandards.

24.A)Theylookmoretraditional.

B)Theylookmoreofficial.

C)Theyarefavoredbyairlines.

D)Theyareeasilyidentifiable.

25.A)Forbeauty.

B)Forvariety.

C)Forvisibility.

D)Forsecurity.

PartIIIReadingComprehension(40minutes)

SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectone

wordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Read

thepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthehankisidentified

byaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasingle

linethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthehankmorethanonce.

Socialisolationposesmorehealthrisksthanobesityorsmoking15cigarettesaday,accordingto

researchpublishedbyBrighamYoungUniversity.The26isthatlonelinessisahuge,ifsilent,

riskfactor.

Lonelinessaffectsphysicalhealthintwoways.First,itproducesstresshormonesthatcanleadto

manyhealthproblems.Second,peoplewholivealonearelesslikelytogotothedoctor27,to

exerciseortoeatahealthydiet.

Publichealthexpertsinmanycountriesare28howtoaddresswidespreadlonelinessinour

society.LastyearBritainevenappointedaministerforloneliness."Loneliness29almostevery

oneofusatsomepoint,“itsministerforlonelinessBaronessBarransaid."Itcanleadtovery

serioushealth30forindividualswhobecomeisolatedanddisconnectcd.^^

Barranstarteda"Let'sTalkLoneliness“campaignthat31difficultconversationsacross

Britain.Heisnowsupporting"32benches,“whicharepublicseatingareaswherepeopleare

encouragedtogoandchatwithoneanother.Theministerisalso33tostoppublictransportation

frombeingcutinwaysthatleavepeopleisolated.

Morethanone-fifthofadultsinboththeUnitedStatesandBritainsaidina201834thatthey

oftenoralwaysfeellonely.MorethanhalfofAmericanadultsareunmarried,andresearchershave

foundthatevenamongthosewhoaremarried,30%ofrelationshipsare35strained.Aquarter

ofAmericansnowlivealone,andasthesongsays,oneistheloneliestnumber.

A)abruptlyF)friendlyK)severely

B)appointmentsG)hinderedL)sparked

C)consequencesH)idiomM)splitting

D)debatingI)implicationN)survey

E)dimensionsJ)pushingO)touches

SectionB

Directions:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.

Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraph

fromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Each

paragraphismarkedwithaletter.Answerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletter

onAnswerSheet2.

Scienceofsetbacks:Howfailurecanimprovecareerprospects

A)Howdoearlycareersetbacksaffectourlong-termsuccess?Failurescanhelpuslearnand

overcomeourfears.Butdisasterscanstillwoundus.Theycanscrewusupandsetusback.

Wouldnlitbeniceiftherewasgenuine,scientificallydocumentedtruthtotheexpression”what

doesn'tkillyoumakesyoustronger"?

B)Onewaysocialscientistshaveprobedtheeffectsofcareersetbacksistolookatscientistsof

verysimilarqualifications.Thesescientists,forreasonsthataremostlyarbitrary,eitherjust

missedgettingaresearchgrantorwhojustbarelymadeit.Inthesocialsciences,thisisknown

asexaminingunearmisses1*and"narrowwins"inareaswheremeritissubjective.Thatallows

researcherstomeasureonlytheeffectsofbeingchosenornot.Studiesinthisareahavefound

conflictingresults.Inthecompetitivegameofbiomedicalscience,researchhasbeendoneon

scientistswhonarrowlylostorwongrantmoney.Itsuggeststhatnarrowwinnersbecomeeven

biggerwinnersdowntheline.Inotherwords,therichgetricher.

C)A2018studypublishedintheProceedingsoftheNationalAcademyofSciences,forexample,

followedresearchersintheNetherlands.Researchersconcludedthatthosewhojustbarely

qualifiedforagrantwereabletogettwiceasmuchmoneywithinthenexteightyearsasthose

whojustmissedout.Andthenarrowwinnerswere50percentmorelikelytobegivena

professorship.

D)OthersintheUShavefoundsimilareffectswithNationalInstitutesofHealthearly-career

fellowshipslaunchingnarrowwinnersfaraheadofcloselosers.Thephenomenonisoften

referredtoastheMattheweffect,inspiredbytheBible'swisdomthattothosewhohave,more

willbegiven.There'sagoodexplanationforthephenomenoninthebookTheFormula:The

UniversalLawsofSuccessbyAlbertLaszloBarabasi.AccordingtoBarabasi,it*seasierand

lessriskyforthoseinpositionsofpowertochoosetohandawardsandfundingtothosewho've

alreadybeensorecognized.

E)Thisisbadnewsforthelosers.Smallearlycareersetbacksseemtohaveadisproportionate

effectdowntheline.Whatdidn'tkillthemmadethemweaker.Butotherstudiesusingthesame

techniquehaveshownthere*ssometimesnopenaltytoanearmiss.Studentswhojustmiss

gettingintotophighschoolsoruniversitiesdojustaswelllaterinlifeasthosewhojustmanage

togetaccepted.Inthiscase,whatdidn*tkillthemsimplydidn'tmatter.Soisthereanyevidence

thatsetbacksmightactuallyimproveourcareerprospects?Thereisnow.

F)InastudypublishedinNatureCommunications,NorthwesternUniversitysociologistDashun

Wangtrackedmorethan1,100scientistswhowereontheborderbetweengettingagrantand

missingoutbetween1990and2005.Hefollowedvariousmeasuresofperformanceoverthe

nextdecade.Theseincludedhowmanypaperstheyauthoredandhowinfluentialthosepapers

were,asmeasuredbythenumberofsubsequentcitations.Asexpected,therewasamuchhigher

rateofattrition(減員)amongscientistswhodidn'tgetgrants.Butamongthosewhostayedon,

thecloselosersperformedevenbetterthanthenarrowwinners.Tomakesurethiswasn'tby

chance,Wangconductedadditionaltestsusingdifferentperformancemeasures.Heexamined

howmanytimespeoplewerefirstauthorsoninfluentialstudies,andthelike.

G)Onestraightforwardreasoncloselosersmightoutperformnarrowwinnersisthatthetwogroups

havecomparableability.InWang'sstudy,heselectedthemostdetermined,passionate

scientistsfromthelosergroupandculled(易!J除)whathedeemedtheweakestmembersofthe

winnergroup.Yettheperseveringlosersstillcameoutontop.Hethinksthatbeingacloseloser

mightgivepeopleapsychologicalboost,ortheproverbialkickinthepants.

H)UtrechtUniversitysociologistArnoutvandeRijtwasleadauthoronthe2018papershowing

therichgetricher.Hesaidthenewfindingisapparentlyreasonableandworthsomeattention.

Hisownworkshowedthatalthoughthenarrowwinnersdidgetmuchmoremoneyinthenear

future,theactualperformanceofthecloseloserswasjustasgood.

I)HesaidthepeoplewhoshouldbepayingregardtotheWangpaperarethefundingagentswho

distributegovernmentgrantmoney.Afterall,bycontinuingtopilerichesonthenairowwinners,

thetaxpayersarenotgettingthemaximumbangfortheirbuckifthecloselosersareperforming

justaswellorevenbetter.There'sahugeamountoftimeandeffortthatgoesintotheprocess

ofselectingwhogetsgrants,hesaid,andthelatestresearchshowsthatthescientific

establishmentisnotverygoodatdistributingmoney."Maybeweshouldspendlessmoney

tryingtofigureoutwhoisbetterthanwho,"hesaid,suggestingthatsomemoreequaldividing

upofmoneymightbemoreproductiveandmoreefficient.VandeRijtsaidhe'snotconvinced

thatlosingoutgivespeopleapsychologicalboost.Itmayyetbeaselectioneffect.Eventhough

Wangtriedtoaccountforthisbycullingtheweakestwinners,it'simpossibletoknowwhichof

thewinnerswouldhavequithadtheyfoundthemselvesonthelosingside.

J)Forhispart,Wangsaidthatinhisownexperience,losingdidlightamotivatingfire.Herecalled

arecentpaperhesubmittedtoajournal,whichaccepteditonlytorequestextensiveediting,

andthenreversedcourseandrejectedit.Hesubmittedtheuneditedversiontoamorerespect

journalandgotaccepted.

K)Insportsandmanyareasoflife,wethinkoffailuresasevidenceofsomethingwecouldhave

donebetter.Weregardthesedisappointmentsasafatewecouldhaveavoidedwithmorecareful

preparation,differenttraining,abetterstrategy,ormorefocus.Andthereitmakessensethat

failuresshowustheroadtosuccess.Thesepapersdealwithakindoffailurepeoplehavelittle

controlover-rejection.Othersdeterminewhowinsandwholoses.Butattheveryleast,the

researchisstartingtoshowthatearlysetbacksdon'thavetobefatal.Theymightevenmakeus

betteratourjobs.Gettingpaidlikeawinner,though?That'sadifferentmatter.

36.Beingacloselosercouldgreatlymotivateonetopersevereintheirresearch.

37.Grantawarderstendtofavorresearchersalreadyrecognizedintheirrespectivefields.

38.Sufferingearlysetbacksmighthelppeopleimprovetheirjobperformance.

39.Researchbysocialscientistsontheeffectsofcareersetbackshasproducedcontradictory

findings.

40.Itisnottothebestinterestoftaxpayerstokeepgivingmoneytonarrowwinners.

41.Scientistswhopersistedinresearchwithoutreceivingagrantmadegreaterachievementsthan

thosewhogotonewithluck,assuggestedinonestudy.

42.Aresearchpaperrejectedbyonejournalmaygetacceptedbyanother.

43.Accordingtoonerecentstudy,narrowwinnersofresearchgrantshadbetterchancestobe

promotedtoprofessors.

44.Oneresearchsuggestsitmightbemorefruitfultodistributegrantsonarelativelyequalbasis.

45.Minorsetbacksintheirearlycareermayhaveastrongnegativeeffectonthecareerofclose

losers.

SectionC

Directions:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsor

unfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).Youshould

decideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasingleline

throughthecentre.

PassageOne

Questions46to50arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

Educatorsandbusinessleadershavemoreincommonthanitmayseem.Teacherswantto

preparestudentsforasuccessfulfuture.Technologycompanieshaveaninterestindevelopinga

workforcewiththeSTEM(science,technology,engineeringandmath)skillsneededtogrowthe

companyandadvancetheindustry.Howcantheyworktogethertoachievethesegoals?Playmay

betheanswers.

FocusingonSTEMskillsisimportant,buttherealityisthatSTEMskillsareenhancedandmore

relevantwhencombinedwithtraditional,hands-oncreativeactivities.Thiscombinationisproving

tobethebestwaytopreparetoday'schildrentobethemakersandbuildersoftomorrow.Thatis

whytechnologycompaniesarepartneringwitheducatorstobringbackgood,old-fashionedplay.

Infactmanyexpertsarguethatthemostimportant21st-centuryskillsaren'trelatedtospecific

technologiesorsubjectmatter,buttocreativity;skillslikeimagination,problem-findingand

problem-solving,teamwork,optimism,patienceandtheabilitytoexperimentandtakerisks.These

areskillsacquiredwhenkidstinker(鼓搗小玩意).High-techindustriessuchasNASA'sJet

PropulsionLaboratoryhavefoundthattheirbestoverallproblemsolversweremastertinkerersin

theiryouth.

Therearecognitive(認(rèn)知的)benefitsofdoingthingsthewaywedidaschildren—building

something,tearingitdown,thenbuildingitupagain.Researchshowsthatgiven15minutesoffree

play,four-andfive-year-oldswillspendathirdofthistimeengagedinspatial,mathematical,and

architecturalactivities.Thistypeofplay-especiallywithbuildingblocks——helpschildrendiscover

anddevelopkeyprinciplesinmathandgeometry.

Ifplayandbuildingarecriticalto21st-centuryskilldevelopment,that'sreallygoodnewsfor

tworeasons:Childrenarebornbuilders,makers,andcreators,sofostering(培養(yǎng))21st-century

skillsmaybeassimpleasgivingkidsroomtoplay,tinkerandtrythingsout,evenastheygrow

older.Secondly,itdoesn'ttake21st-centurytechnologytofoster21st-centuryskills.Thisis

especiallyimportantforunder-resourcedschoolsandcommunities.Takingwhatevermaterialsare

handyandtinkeringwiththemisasimplewaytoengagethoseimportant"maker“skills.And

anyone,anywhere,candoit.

46.Whatdoestheauthorsayabouteducators?

A)Theyseekadvicefromtechnologycompaniestoachieveteachinggoals.

B)Theyhavebeensuccessfulinpreparingtheworkforceforcompanies.

C)Theyhelpstudentsacquiretheskillsneededfortheirfuturesuccess.

D)Theypartnerwithtechnologycompaniestoenhanceteachingefficiency.

47.Howcaneducatorsbetterdevelopstudents'STEMskills,accordingtotheauthor?

A)Byblendingthemwithtraditional,stimulatingactivities.

B)Byinvitingbusinessleaderstohelpdesigncurriculums.

C)Byenhancingstudents5abilitytothinkinacriticalway.

D)Byshowingstudentsthebestwaytolearnisthroughplay.

48.Howdochildrenacquiretheskillsneededforthe21stcentury?

A)Byengaginginactivitiesinvolvingspecifictechnologies.

B)Byplayingwiththingstosolveproblemsontheirown.

C)Byfamiliarizingthemselveswithhigh-techgadgets.

D)Bymasteringbasicprinciplesthroughteamwork.

49.Whatcanwedotohelpchildrenlearnthebasicsofmathandgeometry?

A)Stimulatetheirinterestasearlyaspossible.

B)Spendmoretimeplayinggameswiththem.

C)Encouragethemtomakethingswithhands.

D)Allowthemtotinkerfreelywithcalculators.

50.Whatdoestheauthoradvisedisadvantagedschoolsandcommunitiestodo?

A)Trainstudentstobemakerstomeetfuturemarketdemands.

B)Developstudents'creativeskillswiththeresourcesavailable.

C)Engagestudentswithchallengingtaskstofostertheircreativity.

D)Worktogetherwithcompaniestoimprovetheirteachingfacilities

PassageTwo

Questions51to55arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

Sugarshocked.ThatdescribesthereactionofmanyAmericansthisweekfollowingrevelations

that,50yearsago,thesugarindustrypaidHarvardscientistsforresearchthatshiftedthefocusaway

fromsugar?sroleinheartdisease—andputthe注意的中心)squarelyondietaryfat.

Whatmightsui*priseconsumersisjusthowmanypresent-daynutritionstudiesarestillfunded

bythefoodindustry.NutritionscholarMarionNestleofNewYorkUniversityspentayear

informallytrackingindustry-fundedstudiesonfood."Roughly90%ofnearly170studiesfavored

thesponsor'sinterest,Nestletellsus.Othersystematicreviewssupportherconclusions.

Forinstance,studiesfundedbyWelchFoods—thebrandbehindWelch's100%GrapeJuice

—foundthatdrinkingConcordgrapejuicedailymayboostbrainfunction.Another,fundedby

QuakerOats,concluded,asaDailyMailstoryputit,that"hot。。加ze。/(燕麥粥)breakfastkeepsyou

fullforlonger.”

Lastyear,TheNewYorkTimesrevealedhowCoca-Colawasfundingwell-knownscientists

andorganizationspromotingamessagethat,inthebattleagainstweightgain,peopleshouldpay

moreattentiontoexerciseandlesstowhattheyeatanddrink.Coca-Colaalsoreleaseddatadetailing

itsfundingofseveralmedicalinstitutionsandassociationsbetween2010and2015.

“It'scertainlyaproblemthatsomuchresearchinnutritionandhealthisfimdedbyindustry,“

saysBonnieLiebman,directorofnutritionattheCenterforScienceinthePublicInterest."W