中考英語專題之構(gòu)詞法之合成及轉(zhuǎn)化及在閱讀中的運用學(xué)案

教師寄語：Icome,Isee,Iconquer(我來，我理解，我征服)單詞合成法和轉(zhuǎn)化法1.合成Compounding兩個或更多的詞合成一個詞。方式：1.直接寫在一起。2.用連字符(-)連接。3.由兩個分開的詞構(gòu)成。(1)合成形容詞方式例詞1形容詞＋形容詞red-hot2形容詞＋名詞first-class,full-time,part-time3形容詞＋現(xiàn)在分詞good-looking,free-thinking,4形容詞＋過去分詞ready-made5形容詞＋名詞-edgood-tempered,middle-aged,cold-blooded6名詞＋名詞-ediron-willed7名詞＋形容詞world-famous,day-long8名詞＋現(xiàn)在分詞beauty-loving,freedom-loving,job-hunting,9名詞＋過去分詞man-made,water-covered,10副詞＋形容詞ever-green11副詞＋現(xiàn)在分詞hard-working,far-seeing12副詞＋過去分詞well-prepared,quickly-cured,well-known13數(shù)詞＋名詞five-year14數(shù)詞＋名詞+形容詞five-year-old15數(shù)詞＋名詞-edfour-legged,six-storied(2)合成動詞構(gòu)成方式例詞1名詞＋動詞day-dream2副詞＋動詞overcome,upturn翻起3形容詞＋動詞white-wash(3)合成名詞構(gòu)成方式例詞1名詞＋名詞horseback,bank-note,newspaper,cellphone,2形容詞＋名詞back-yard,forehead,3動名詞＋名詞hidingplace,reading-room4動詞＋副詞get-off,breakin,5副詞＋動詞output,overflow(4)合成副詞however,maybe,wherever,whenever,forever(5)合成代詞whoever,,whatever,everyone,nobody,myself,something,anything,（6）合成介詞within在……之內(nèi)，without沒有，inside在……里邊，into進入

2.轉(zhuǎn)化法:

英語單詞的詞性非?；钴S，名詞用作動詞，動詞轉(zhuǎn)化為名詞，形容詞用作動詞等現(xiàn)象非常普遍，這種把一種詞性用作另一種詞性的方式就叫做詞性的轉(zhuǎn)化。閱讀中經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)轉(zhuǎn)化詞，只要抓住單詞的原始意思，結(jié)合句子成分，就容易弄清它們的引申義。下面就將一些常見的變化列舉如下：

（1）動詞轉(zhuǎn)化為名詞:A.有大量動詞可以轉(zhuǎn)化為名詞，有時意思沒變化。

Westoppedthereforaswim.

我們在那停下來游了一會兒泳。

B.有時意思有一定的變化。

Womenhavean

equal

sayineverything.

婦女在各個方面都有同等的發(fā)言權(quán)。

（2）名詞轉(zhuǎn)化為動詞

A.有相當(dāng)多的名詞可以用作動詞，特別是許多表示物體的名詞用作動詞來表示動作

Haveyoubookedyourticket?

你的票訂好了嗎？

B.一些表示身體某部位的名詞也可以作為動詞

Handinyourbook,please.

請把書交上來。

C.一些表示某類人的名詞也可做動詞

Ifso,weshallbebadlyfooled.

如果這樣我們就會上大當(dāng)。

D.一些表示其它實物的名詞也可用作動詞

Each

apartmentcanhouseafamilyofsix.

每套房間可以住一戶六口人的人家。

E.此外，還有一些抽象名詞可以用作動詞

Throughmychildhood,Ihadhungeredforeducation.

我從小就盼望上學(xué)。

（3）形容詞轉(zhuǎn)化為動詞,有少數(shù)形容詞也可以用作動詞。

Thetrainsloweddowntohalfitsspeed.

火車速度減慢了一半。Thiswillhelpwarmupthe

soil.

這可以幫助土地暖和起來。合成法和轉(zhuǎn)化法在完形閱讀中的運用：SectionAclozeEveryonegetsangrysometimes,butbeingangrydoesn’treallysolvemuch.Yourgoalistocalmyourselfdown.Thisis___28___forsomepeople.Insteadofcalmingdown,theymightgetmoreandmoreupset___29___theyexplodelikeavolcano(火山).Somepeoplemightsaytheyhavetrouble___30___theirtemper.Sometimesangryfeelingscanbehardto___31___.Sowhatdoyoudoifyourtemperislikeavolcano?Well,thegoodnewsisthatpeopledon’tkeepmakingthesamemistakesoverandoveragainYoucan___32___yourtemper.Herearestepsyoucantakeatanytime.Getalotof___33___activity.Exercisecanbegoodbecauseitisawayof___34___energyandstress.Youcalldancearoundyourroomtoyourfavoritemusic,too.Talktoyourmomordad.Ifyou’rehavingtroublewithyourtemper,tellyourparentsyou’retryingtodoabetterjobofcontrollingyourself.Letthemknowyouaregoingtoaskfortheirhelp.Put__35___intowords.Getintothehabitofsayingwhatyouarefeelingandwhy.Usingwordsmighthelpyoumanageyourstrongfeelingsandbehaviors.Takeabreakfromthe___36___Ifyouareina(n)___37___withsomeone.Gotoanotherpartofyourhouse.Youcanjustsay,Iwanttobe___38__forawhilesoIcancalmdown.Gointoatimeout.Ifyoufeelangryandthinkyouneedatimeouttocalmdown.Don’t___39___yourparentstotellyoutotakeatimeoutforyourself.Letyourfamilyknowthatwhenyou’retakingatimeout,theyneedto___40__yourspaceandleaveyoualone.Whileyouaresittinginyourchair,trytotakedeep___41___.Learnto___42___.Theideaistochangefromareallyangrymoodtoabettermood.Afteryougettheangryfeelingsout,youhavetostartthinkingaboutotherthings.Youcansay,"Ilostmytemper.ButI’mgoingtogetmyselfundercontrolnow."28.A.usual B.common C.hard D.easy29.A.when B.until C.while D.since30.A.controlling B.developing C.control D.develop31.A.affect B.manage C.find D.effect32.A.1ose B.ensure C.train D.command33.A.physical B.mental C.scientific D.spiritual34.A.sendingoff B.givingoff C.gettingoff D.burningoff35.A.feelings B.hearings C.actions D.sayings36.A.backyard B.condition C.situation D.house37.A.negotiation B.argument C.discussion D.conversation38.A.1onely B.alone C.friendless D.distant39.A.1ookfor B.askfor C.callfor D.waitf6r40.A.respect B.give C.offer D.make41.A.feelings B.coughs C.sighs D.breaths42.A.exchange B.shift C.recover D.adoptSectionBDirections:Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.(A)Classictour-excursioninformationLuggageWeaskyoutokeepluggagedowntoonemedium-sizesuitcaseperperson,butasmallhandbagcanalsobetakenonboardthecoach.Requestsforparticularseatscanbemadeonmostcoachtourswhenbooking,butsincetheseatallocationsaremadeonafirst-come-first-servedbasis,earlybookingisadvisable.Whenbookingsaremadewithusyouwillbeofferedthebestseatsthatareavailableonthecoachatthattime.TravelDocumentsWhenyouhavepaidyourdepositwewillsendyouallthenecessarydocumentsandlabels,sothatyoureceivethemingoodtimebeforethecoachtourdeparturedate.Certaindocuments,forexample,airorboattickets,mayhavetobekeptandyourdriverwillissuethemtoyouattherelevantpoint.SpecialDietIfyourequireaspecialdietyoumustinformusatthetimeofbookingwithacopyofthediet.Thiswillbenotifiedtothehotelorhotelsonyoucoachtour,butoncertaincoachtoursthehotelsusedaretouristclassandwhileofferingvalueformoneywithinthepricerange,theymaynothavethefullfacilitiestocopewithspecialdiets.Anyextracostsinvolvedmustbepaidtothehotelbyyourselfbeforedeparturefromthehotel.AccommodationManyofourcoachtoursnowinclude,withintheprice,accommodationwithprivatefacilities,andthiswillbeindicatedonthecoachtourpage.Othercoachtourshavealimitednumberofroomswithprivatefacilitieswhich,ifavailable,canbereservedandguaranteedatthetimeofbooking—thesupplementarychargeshowninthepricelistwillbeaddedtoyouraccount.Onanycoachtourthereareonlyalimitednumberofsinglerooms.Whenasingleroomisavailable,asupplementarychargemaybeneededandthiswillbeshownonthebrochurepage.allocationn.分配 notifyv.通知depositn.定金 brochuren.小冊子43.Ifyouwanttositatthefrontofthecoach,please .A. askwhenyougetonthecoachB. arriveearlyonthedeparturedateC. bookyourseatwellinadvanceD. avoidtravelingatpeaktimes44.Ifyouneedaspecialdietyoushould .A. tellthecoachcompanywhilebookingB. payextramoneywhilebooingC. informthehotelwhenyouarriveD. payforitattheendofthetour45.WitheverybookingClassicTourguaranteesthatyouwillbeabletoA. requesthighqualitymealsB. takeapieceofsmallluggageonboardC. useyourownpersonalbathroomD. seeafilmifyouwantto(B)arecumulative."Upbringing"isnormallyusedtorefertothetreatmentandtrainingofthechildwithinthehome.Thisiscloselyrelatedtothetreatmentandtrainingofthechildinchild,sothatupbringingandeducationareinterdependent.Theidealsandpracticesofchildrearingvaryfromculturetoculture.Ingeneral,thetechnologicallydevelopedsocieties,theperiodofchildhoodandadolescencetendstobeextendedoveralongtime,resultinginmoreopportunityforeducationandgreatervarietyincharacterdevelopment.Earlyupbringinginthehomeisnaturallyaffectedbothbytheculturalpatternoftheandeducationbutalsoontheinnateabilitiesofthechild.Intelligentparents,however,realizethattheparticularsettingofeachfamilyisunique,andtherecanbenorigidgeneralrules.themorereadilythemothergivesintohisdemandstoavoiddisappointinghim.Sheknowsthatifhisenergiesarenotgivenanoutlet,herchild'scontinuingdevelopmentmaybewarped.readytogoontothelessp