中英高級(jí)英語(yǔ)1何兆熊unit1chinesehumanismword版本

此文檔僅供收集于網(wǎng)絡(luò)，如有侵權(quán)請(qǐng)聯(lián)系網(wǎng)站刪除Unit1ChineseHumanism1.TounderstandtheChineseidealoflifeonemusttrytounderstandChinesehumanism.Theterm'humanism'isambiguous.Chinesehumanism,however,hasaverydefinitemeaning.Itimplies,firstajustconceptionoftheendsofhumanlife;secondly,acompletedevotiontotheseends;andthethirdly,theattainmentoftheseendsbythespiritofhumanreasonablenessortheDoctrineoftheGoldenMean,WhichmayalsobecalledtheReligionofcommonsense.要了解中國(guó)人的人生理想，就必須先了解中國(guó)的人文主義?！叭宋闹髁x”這個(gè)詞含義模糊含混，然而中國(guó)的人文主義卻有它明確的界說(shuō)。它的意思是：第一，對(duì)人生目的的確切認(rèn)識(shí)；第二，為實(shí)現(xiàn)這一目的而行動(dòng)；第三，實(shí)現(xiàn)的方式是心平氣和，即中庸之道，也可稱(chēng)作“庸見(jiàn)的崇拜”。2.ThequestionofthemeaningoflifehasperplexedWesternphilosophers,andithasneverbeensolved-naturally,whenonestartsoutfromthetechnologicalpointofview,accordingtowhichallthings,includingmosquitoesandtyphoidgerms,arecreatedforthegoodofthiscocksurehumanity.Asthereisusuallytoomuchpainandmiseryinthislifetoallowaperfectanswertosatisfyman'spride,teleologyisthereforecarriedovertothenextlife,andthisearthlylifeisthenlookeduponasapreparationforthelifehereafter,inconformitywiththelogicof只供學(xué)習(xí)與交流

此文檔僅供收集于網(wǎng)絡(luò)，如有侵權(quán)請(qǐng)聯(lián)系網(wǎng)站刪除Socrates,whichlookeduponaferociouswifeasanaturalprovisionforthetrainingofthehusband'scharacter.Thiswayofdodgingthehomesofthedilemmasometimesgivespeaceofmindforamoment,butthentheeternalquestion,“whatisthemeaningoflife?”comesback.Others,likeNietzsche,takethebullbythehornsandrefusetoassumethatlifemusthaveameaningandbelievethatprogressisinacircle,andhumanachievementsareasavagedance,insteadofatriptothemarket,butstillthequestioncomesbacketernally,liketheseawaveslappingupontheshore:“whatisthemeaningofthelife?”人生的意義是什么，這個(gè)問(wèn)題一直使西方哲學(xué)家備受困惑。他們從目的論出發(fā)，認(rèn)為包括蚊子乃至傷寒菌在內(nèi)的萬(wàn)事萬(wàn)物，都是為這個(gè)自負(fù)的人類(lèi)的利益而存在的。如此這般，人生的意義就從來(lái)沒(méi)有揭示出來(lái)過(guò)。今生今世自有百般磨難，因而自傲的人類(lèi)始終無(wú)法事事如意。于是目的論又轉(zhuǎn)向來(lái)生來(lái)世，把今生的世俗生活看作為來(lái)世所進(jìn)行的準(zhǔn)備。這與蘇格拉底的邏輯恰好符合，即認(rèn)為一個(gè)兇悍的妻子對(duì)她丈夫的性格錘煉來(lái)說(shuō)，是一種天然的恩賜。以此躲避人生的難題固然可以使人暫時(shí)心平氣和，但問(wèn)題仍舊沒(méi)有答案：“人生的意義何在？”另外有一些人，像尼采那樣知難而上，否認(rèn)人生“必須”有什么意義，認(rèn)為人類(lèi)的進(jìn)步不過(guò)是一種循環(huán)，一種野蠻人的舞蹈，而不是去市場(chǎng)采購(gòu)，所以沒(méi)有什么特殊的含義。然而問(wèn)題還是沒(méi)能解決，它就像海浪一樣不斷沖擊著堤岸：“人生的意義究竟何在？”3.TheChinesehumanistsbelievetheyhavefoundthetrueendoflifeandareconsciousofit.FortheChinesetheendoflifeliesnotinlifeafterdeath,fortheideathatweliveinordertodie,astaughtbyChristianity,isincomprehensible;norinNirvana,forthatistoovainglorious;noryetinprogressforprogress’ssake,forthatismeaningless.Thetrueend,theChinesehavedecidedinasingularlyclearmanner,liesinthe只供學(xué)習(xí)與交流

此文檔僅供收集于網(wǎng)絡(luò)，如有侵權(quán)請(qǐng)聯(lián)系網(wǎng)站刪除enjoymentofasimplelifeespeciallythefamilylife,andinharmonioussocialrelationships.Thefirstpoemthatachildrenlearnsinschoolruns:Whilesoftcloudsbywarmbreezesarewaftedinthemoon,Luredbyflowers,pasttheriverIroamonandon.They’llsay“l(fā)ookattheoldmaninthespree!”Andknownotthatmysprit’sonhappinessborne.中國(guó)的人文主義者認(rèn)為自己找到了人生的真諦，并時(shí)時(shí)意識(shí)到這一點(diǎn)。在中國(guó)人看來(lái)，人生在世并非為了死后的來(lái)生，對(duì)于基督教所謂此生為來(lái)世的觀點(diǎn)，他們大惑不解，他們進(jìn)而認(rèn)為：佛教所謂升入涅槃境界，過(guò)于玄虛；為了獲得成功的歡樂(lè)而奮斗，純屬虛榮；為了進(jìn)步而去進(jìn)步，則是毫無(wú)意義。中國(guó)人明確認(rèn)為：人生的真諦在于享受淳樸的生活，尤其是家庭生活的歡樂(lè)和社會(huì)諸關(guān)系的和睦，兒童入學(xué)伊始，第一首詩(shī)便是：云淡風(fēng)輕近午天，傍花隨柳將謂偷閑學(xué)少年。過(guò)前川。時(shí)人不識(shí)余心樂(lè)，4.ThatrepresentstoChinese,notjustapleasantpoeticmoodbutthesummerbonumoflife.TheChineseidealoflifeisdrunkthroughwiththissentiment.Itisanidealoflifethatisneitherparticularlyambitiousnormetaphysical,butneverthelessimmenselyreal.Itis,Imustsay,abrilliantlysimpleidea,sobrilliantlysimplethatonlythemater-of-factChinesemindcouldhaveconceivedit,andyetoneoftenwondershowtheWestcouldhavefailedtoseethatthemeaningofliesinthesaneandhealthyenjoymentofit.ThedifferencebetweenChinaandWestseemstobethatthewesternershaveagreatercapacityforgettingandmakingmorethingsandalesserabilitytoenjoythem,whiletheChinesehaveagreaterdeterminationand只供學(xué)習(xí)與交流

此文檔僅供收集于網(wǎng)絡(luò)，如有侵權(quán)請(qǐng)聯(lián)系網(wǎng)站刪除capacitytoenjoythefewthingstheyhave.Thistrait,ourconcentrationonearthyhappiness,ismuchasaresultasacauseoftheabsenceofreligion.Forifonecannotbelieveinthelifehereafterastheconsummationofthepresentlife,oneisforcedtomakethemostofthislifebeforethefarceisover.Theabsenceofreligionmakesthisconcentrationpossible.在中國(guó)人看來(lái)，這不僅代表片刻的詩(shī)意般的快樂(lè)心境，并且是追求人生幸福的目標(biāo)。中國(guó)人就是陶醉在這樣一種人生理想之中，它既不曖昧，又不玄虛，而是十分實(shí)在。我必須說(shuō)，這是一種異常簡(jiǎn)單的理想，簡(jiǎn)單到非中國(guó)人老實(shí)巴交的頭腦想不出來(lái)。我們時(shí)常納悶，西方人何以竟想不到人生的意義在于純凈平安地享受生活。中國(guó)與歐洲的不同，似乎在于西方人有更大的能力去獲取和創(chuàng)造，享受事物的能力決心和能力都比較大。把精力集中在世俗一特性是我們?nèi)狈ψ诮痰脑?，也是它的結(jié)果。因?yàn)槿绻粋€(gè)人不相信有一個(gè)緊接著今生今世的來(lái)生來(lái)世，他就會(huì)在今生的切消逝之前盡情享受，而宗教的缺乏又使這種想法變成可能。則較小，而中國(guó)人享受僅有一點(diǎn)東西的的幸福，這一5.Fromthisahumanismisdevelopedwhichfranklyproclaimsaman-centereduniverse,andlaysdowntherulethattheendofallknowledgeistoservehumanhappiness.Thehumanizingofknowledgeisnotaneasything,forthemomentmanswerves,heiscarriedawaybyhislogicandbecomesatoolofhisownknowledge.Onlybyasharpandsteadfastholdingtothetrueendofhumanlifeasoneseesitcanhumanismmaintainitself.Humanismoccupies,forinstance,ameanpositionbetweentheother-worldlinessofreligionandthematerialismof只供學(xué)習(xí)與交流

此文檔僅供收集于網(wǎng)絡(luò)，如有侵權(quán)請(qǐng)聯(lián)系網(wǎng)站刪除themodernworld.BuddhismmayhavecapturedpopularfancyinChina,butagainstitsinfluencethetrueConfucianistwasalwaysinwardlyresentful,foritwas,intheeyesofhumanism,onlyanescapefromlife,oranegationoftrulyhumanlife.由此生發(fā)出一個(gè)人文主義，它坦白地宣告了人類(lèi)是宇宙的主義，并規(guī)定一切知識(shí)都是為人類(lèi)的幸福服務(wù)。知識(shí)同人類(lèi)的結(jié)合并非易事，因?yàn)槿祟?lèi)一旦動(dòng)搖起來(lái)，就會(huì)被自己的邏輯所左右，成為知識(shí)的工具。人文主義只有堅(jiān)定地把握住人生的來(lái)世與真諦才能保佑自己。比方說(shuō)，人文主義只是在宗教信仰的來(lái)生現(xiàn)代世界的實(shí)利主義之間，占據(jù)一個(gè)中間位置。佛教也許在中國(guó)引起了人們的普遍興趣，然而與之相對(duì)的真正的儒家，對(duì)它的影響總感到忿然不否定。平，因?yàn)樵谌宋闹髁x看來(lái)它只是一種對(duì)生活的逃避和對(duì)真正人生的6.Ontheotherhand,themodernworld,withit’sover-developmentofmachinery,hasnottakentimetoensurethatmanenjoyswhathemakes.TheglorificationoftheplumberinAmericahasmademanforgetthatonecanliveaveryhappylifewithouthotandcoldrunningwater,andthatinFranceandGermanymanymenhavelivedtocomfortableoldageandmadeimportantsc