2023非謂語動詞精講精練

2023北京高考考點非謂語動詞形式精講與精練應(yīng)試口訣：現(xiàn)在分詞表主動和進行；過去分詞表被動和完成；不定式表目的和將來。一．現(xiàn)在分詞1.現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語可以表示時間(=when，assoonas)、原因(=as,since,because)、結(jié)果(=sothat)、條件(=if,unless)、讓步(=though,evenif)等1)Arrivingattheschool,Ifoundmyclassmatesalreadyintheirplaces,readytobegintheclass.2)Hearingthecryforhelp,theyallrushedout.3)Hisparentsdied,leavinghimalotofmoney.4)Weweresittingbythewindow,talkingaboutwhathappenedyesterday.5)Agroupofchildrenranoutoftheclassroom,laughingandtalkinghappily.6)Havinghadsupper,hewentoutforawalk.7)HavinglivedinBeijingfor10yearsheknowsthecityquitewell.8)Beingaskedtogiveaperformance,shecouldn’tverywellrefuse.9)Beingprotectedbyathickwall,theyfeltquitesafe.10)Havingbeengivensuchagoodchance,hewouldn’tgiveituptoothers.11)Havingbeenpraisedbytheteacher,theboywasverypleased.2.現(xiàn)在分詞作作賓補現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補表示動作正在發(fā)生（即處于發(fā)生的過程中，還沒有結(jié)束，或是一個反復(fù)進行的動作）see,hear,notice,watch,keep,find,get,have,feel,listento,lookat,observe,catch,discover,leave,1）Suddenlyheheardsomeoneknockinggentlyonthewindow.2）I’msorrytohavekeptyouwaiting.3）Doyouseeagirlrunningtowardsus?4）Thelostboywasseenplayingintheriver.5）Hiswordsleftmewonderingwhathewasdrivingat.6)Ioftencatchhimsleepinginclass.二．過去分詞過去分詞作狀語分詞可作時間、條件、結(jié)果、原因、伴隨等狀語，現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語，表示主動或進行的動作，過去分詞狀語表示被動或完成的動作，此時分詞的邏輯主語是主句的主語，應(yīng)注意人稱、時態(tài)和語態(tài)的一致性。原因:Encouragedbytheteacher,thestudentsworkedstillharderthanever.Hesoonfellasleep,tiredbythejourney.Bornintoapoorfamily,hehadtodopart-timejobswhenhewasatschool.Senttohospitalwithoutdelay,thechildwassavedatlast.時間:Seenfromthehill,thecitylooksverybeautiful.Drivenoutofthehouse,thecatclimbedupthetree.Heated,themetalexpands.Leftaloneintheroom,theboybegantocry條件:Givenmoretime,wecouldhavedoneitbetter.Takenintime,themedicinewillbequiteeffective.Lookedatinanotherway,itisaproblemofgreatimportance.Permittedtodoitoncemore,Tomcouldhavedoneabetterjob.伴隨:Heturnedaway,greatlydisappointed.Theprofessorcameintothelab,followedbyagroupofthestudents.“OK,”hesaid,pleased.Hecametogreetus,dressedasabusinessman.Theygothomefinally,tiredandhungry.特例bedressedin;beinterestedin;bepreparedfor;bedisappointedat;becrowdedwith;befilledwith;bepleasedwith;beamazedat;becaughtin;beabsorbedin;besatisfiedwith;belostinthought;beconcernedabout;bedevotedto;betrappedin;bestuckin;beannoyedwith……2.過去分詞作賓補過去分詞作賓補與賓語構(gòu)成邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系，與補充說明的成分之間有被動或完成意義。帶過去分詞作賓補的動詞常見的有：A.表示感官和心理狀態(tài)的動詞see,hear,watch,lookat,listento,notice,observe,find,feel,considerShewasverygladtoseehersonwelllookedafter.IhaveneverheardthesongsunginEnglish.Hewassurprisedtofindhisroomcleaned.Hedidn’tnoticehiswalletstolen.Iconsideredthisproblemsettled.B.表示“使役”“致使”的動詞get,have,keep,leave,make1)Whenyouspeak,youshouldmakeyourselfunderstood.2)Pleasekeepmeinformedofthelatestdevelopment.3)Shewillgetthefencemended.C.表示要求、希望、命令的動詞like,need,order,want,wishDoyouwishyourbreakfastbroughttoyourroom?2）IshouldlikethemattersettledimmediatelyD.過去分詞用在“with+賓語＋賓補”這一結(jié)構(gòu)中，過去分詞與賓語之間是動賓關(guān)系。如：1)Thethiefwasbroughtinwithhishandstiedbehindhisback.2)Withmanybrightly-coloredflowersplantedaroundthebuilding,hishouselookslikeabeautifulgarden.3)Witheverythingwellarranged,helefttheoffice.E.過去分詞、現(xiàn)在分詞、和不定式作賓補的區(qū)別?，F(xiàn)在分詞作賓補：賓語和補語之間是主謂關(guān)系。其動作與謂語動作同時進行。過去分詞作賓補：賓語和補語之間是動賓關(guān)系。其動作先于謂語動作。不定式作賓補：表一個完成的動作、或表一個很短時間內(nèi)看到、聽到或感覺到的具體動作。eg:1)Hedidn'tnoticemewaiting.2)IheardthesongsunginEnglish.3)Isawhimopeningthewindow.4)Isawthewindowopened.5)Isawhimopenthewindow.6)IheardhersingthesonginEnglish.現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞作定語的比較現(xiàn)在分詞作前置定語表示正在進行的主動動作。過去分詞作前置定語表示被動，且有已經(jīng)完成的含義?？蓳Q成相應(yīng)的定語從句。boilingwaterboiledwatertherisingsuntherisensunaburningstickaburned/burntstickabrokencupafallingtreeafallentreethepeoplequestionedintheroomthepeoplesingingintheroomthepeopletakingparttheboysittingnearthewindowthefactorybuiltlastyeartheonlyticketleftthestudentspresentatthemeeting三．不定式1.動詞不定式（短語）作賓語Iwillleaveittoyoutomakethefinaldecision.我將由你來做最后的決定。Shedecidedtoquitherjobatlast.最后，她決定辭職。Ihopetoseeyousoon.我希望很快見到你。注意：

1）在以下這些動詞后面只能跟動詞不定式（短語）作賓語：afford,agree,aim,ask,claim,choose,decide,demand,desire,determine,expect,fail,hope,manage,offer,plan,pretend,promise,refuse,resolve,threaten,wish,want等。2.動詞不定式（短語）作賓語補足語或在被動語態(tài)中作主語補足語We'dloveyoutogiveusahand.我們想讓你幫個忙。Hewasmadetorepairthebrokenchair.要他修理弄壞的椅子。

Shewasseentodrawawonderfulpicture.有人見她作了幅美麗的畫兒。注意：

1）在一些動詞后，用作賓語補語的動詞不定式符號to要省略掉。這類動詞包括感官動詞以及使役動詞，如feel,spot,lookat,listento,observe,see,hear,watch,notice,have,make,let等。但如果句子為被動語態(tài)，動詞不定式（短語）為主補時，要帶to（let除外）。

Iheardhersingasonginthenextroomyesterday.我昨天聽見她在隔壁唱過一首歌。（Shewasheardtosingasonginthenextroomyesterday.）

IhadJohnfixmybike.我讓約翰修理我的自行車。Theboywasmadetogotobedearly.這男孩被迫早上床睡覺。

Shewasseentowalkintotheclassroomwithabookunderherarm.有人看見她胳臂下夾著一本書走進了教室。動詞不定式（短語）作定語Whenthequestionwasout,hewasthefirstonetoraisehishand.問題一提出，他第一個舉起手。

IamafraidIcannotattendyourparty,forIhavetoomanythingstodo.[表將來]恐怕我不能參加你的晚會了,因為我有好多事情要做。注意：a.當(dāng)被修飾的是不定代詞如everything,anything,much,little等，或被修飾的名詞前被形容詞最高級，序數(shù)詞，theonly等強調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)修飾時，非謂語動詞作定語則只能用動詞不定式。

Hewasthelasttorealizetheimportanceofthisproblem.他沒有及時意識到問題的重要性。Heisalwaysthefirsttocomeandthelasttoleave.b.下列名詞后用不定式作定語。chancedecisionwishpromiseplantimeattempteffortrightabilitypatienceHehadnotimetothinkaboutrest.Isthatthebestwaytosolvetheproblem.作目的狀語Thewholefamilycameouttoseemyperformance.全家人出來看我表演。Hecalledtosaygoodbye.他打來道別。Tocatchthefirstbus,LiLeistartedoutearly.I’mheretotellyouapieceofgoodnews.四．動名詞考點：1.作主語Readingisanart.讀書是一種藝術(shù)。Climbingmountainsisreallyfun.爬山真是有趣Workingintheseconditionsisnotapleasurebutasuffer.在這種工作條件下工作不是一件愉快的事而是一件痛苦的事。Swimmingisagoodsportinsummer.2.作賓語下列動詞或短語后只能用動名詞作賓語advise,allow,permit,avoid,consider,enjoy,finish,giveup,cannothelp,imagine,include,keep,keepon,mind,miss,putoff,delay,practise,resist,suggest,dependon,thinkabout,setabout,succeedin,worryabout,burstout,insiston,can’tstand,beusedto,getusedto,devote…to…,lookforwardto,payattentionto,getdownto,escape等。下列動詞后用不定式和動名詞作賓語意思不同trymeanrememberforgetregretgoon2023北京高考各區(qū)一模二模非謂語動詞專練1.Duringtheweekend,thehealthclubisusuallyfullofpeople_____togetinshape.A.try B.tried C.trying D.havingtried【東城區(qū)一?！?.–Canyougivemearide?–Sorry.Thereisnoroom_____inmycar.【東城區(qū)一模】A.toleave B.leaving C.left D.beingleft3.–Goodnews!There’sasupermarket_____inthisareanextmonth!–Cool!Itwillbeconvenientforuswhenit’sopen!【東城區(qū)一?！緼.building B.built C.havingbuilt D.tobebuilt4.InChina,NewYear'sDayisn'tabigmoment______withtheSpringFestival． A．comparingB．compared【西城區(qū)一?！緾．tocompareD．beingcompared5.Mygrannydoescrosswordpuzzleseachday______hermindsharp．【西城區(qū)一?！?A．tokeep B．keptC．havingkeptD．tobekept6.Anewlearningcenterhasbeenbuiltintheschool,______studentstogettoknowtheworldmoreeasily．【西城區(qū)一模】 A．a(chǎn)llowB．a(chǎn)llowed C．toallowD．a(chǎn)llowing7.opniosonthescheule,einllyrachdonareeent.【海淀區(qū)一?！?aingexchaned.Exchaning.Exchned .oexcane8.ieillbecoeterstpesoninisailyclleeeuctin.【海淀區(qū)一?！?fnihed .haingfinshed .fiising .toinsh9.PreieriKeiangdeieredaspechthecoerece,uniestyraduatstotatthironusnes.【海淀區(qū)一?！?encuraing.toecouae.haingencouraed.encoraed10.Although___fromillnessesforyears,theoldladystillfacesherdaywithasmile. A．suffered B．havingsuffered 【石景山區(qū)一模】C．suffering D．havingbeensuffered11.ThenewsoftwareEmperor’sOneDaygiveschildrenthechance___lifeasaruler. A．experiencedB．toexperience 【石景山區(qū)一模】C．beingexperienced D．havingexperienced12.Weareeagertoseeconcretemeasuresagainstsmog_______inthenearfuture. A．taken B．beingtaken 【石景山區(qū)一?！緾．totake D．take13.Tommadeanexcellentspeechwithout_______hisnotesevenforonce. A．referredto B．beingreferredto【石景山區(qū)一模】C．referringto D．havingreferredto14.Thefood_inthiswaykeepsfresh．【豐臺區(qū)一?！緼．prepare B．preparing C．toprepare D．prepared15._tothehouseowner,thedesignerhadaclearideaofwhattodo．【豐臺區(qū)一?！緼．Totalk B．Talked C．Havingtalked D．Beingtalked16.WheneverI'mintrouble,Ihearavoice_inmyhead“Youcandoit．"【豐臺區(qū)一?！?A．toring B．ringing C．rung D．havingrung17.Theroad_nextweekleadstoHighway62．【豐臺區(qū)一模】A．building B．tobuild C．tobebuilt D．built18.Inordertokeepfit,theoldmanmakesitarule_____forawalkaftersuppereveryday.【朝陽區(qū)一模】A.goingB.togoC.goD.gone19.Oh!Icanfeelsomething_____upmyleg!Itmustbeaninsect.【朝陽區(qū)一?！緼.toclimbB.climbingC.climbD.climbed20.Comparisonmaymakesomethingappearmorebeautifulthanitiswhen_____alone.【朝陽區(qū)一?！緼.seenB.seeingC.seeD.tosee21.Sparingnothoughtforherownsafety,shedivedintotheriver______thechild.A.saving B.beingsaved 【東城區(qū)二?！緾.tosave D.tobesaved22.—Whataboutgoingbycoach?It’scheapandcomfortable.【東城區(qū)二?！俊狪fwewentthatway,itwouldmean______moretimethangoingbytrain.A.tospend B.spending C.spentD.beingspent23.Janethasworkedinthemanager’sofficeforfiveyears,______withlettersanddocuments.A.deal B.dealt【東城區(qū)二模】C.dealingD.tohavedealt24.___hereifyouwanttogetabetterviewofthemountainscenery.【豐臺區(qū)二?！緼.Tocome B.Coming C.ComesD.Come25.Johnbroughtovermyletter_______tohimbymistake.【豐臺區(qū)二模】A.delivered B.tobedelivered C.delivering D.havingdelivered26.___________inhardseatsfor6hours,wefinallysteppedoutofthetraintiredly.A.Sitting B.Havingsat 【豐臺區(qū)二?！緾.Tosit D.Sit27.MoYangrewup_________folktalesthathadbeentoldforcenturiesinhishometown.【豐臺區(qū)二?！緼.listeningto B.listenedtoC.listento D.tolistento28.Workingasamanager,Rebeccafoundithard______betweenworkandherfamily.A.balancing B.tobalance 【西城區(qū)二模】C.tohavebalanced D.havingbalanced29.______fullpreparations,Tonywasquiteconfidentaboutthecominginterview.【西城區(qū)二?！緼.Make B.MadeC.Tomake D.Havingmade30.Once______,thebookwillsurelyattractreaders’attentionsinceitisrelatedtopeople’shealth.【西城區(qū)二?！緼.publishing B.havingpublished C.published D.topublish31._____thetripfromAlaskatoArgentinabybike,GreggandBrooksworkedandsavedmoneyforyears.【朝陽區(qū)二?！?A.TopayforB.PayingforC.PaidforD.Payfor32.____allmymoneyonthecar,Ican’taffordaholidaywithmyfriendthissummer.A.SpendingB.Spend【朝陽區(qū)二模】C.TospendD.Havingspent33.Anexercisemethod_____toimprovestrengthandbalanceisbecomingpopularintheUnitedStates. A.designingB.designed【朝陽區(qū)二?！緾.tobedesignedD.beingdesigned34.Wataeourhobes?—yhobbisicldendieraure.【海淀區(qū)二?！緼.ocok B.cok C.coked D.cokig35.WhydoouantogooheSaes?—,si.【海淀區(qū)二?！緼.oael B.aeling C.aeled D.ael36.penourhear,andouillmkeoursefbeer.【海淀區(qū)二?！緼.knon B.Knoing C.oknow D.know2023北京高考動名詞專項訓(xùn)練1.Whenyou’relearningtodrive,________agoodteachermakesabigdifference.A.have B.having C.andhave D.andhaving2.Beforeyoudecidetoleaveyourjob,________theeffectitwillhaveonyourfamily.A.consider B.considering C.toconsider D.considered3.Remember________offthelightwhen________tobed.A.turning,goingB.toturn,togo C.turning,togo D.toturn,going4.Ifthecarwon’tstart,________it.A.trypush B.trypushing C.totrypushing D.totrytopush5.Onelearnsalanguagebymakingmistakes

and________them.A.correct B.correcting C.corrects D.tocorrect6.Whileshopping,peoplesometimescan’thelp________intobuyingsomething