2019高考英語一輪選練編題Unit3Inventorsandinventions(含解析)新人教版選修8

Unit3李仕才考點(diǎn)規(guī)范練(選修8Unit3)【短文語法填空】BestCompaniesShineUnited(Madison，Wisconsin)Inthepastfiveyears，thisWisconsin-basedadvertisingagencyhassharedmorethan$500,000inprofitswithitsemployeesthroughthecompany'sShineSharesprogram.TheagencypartneredwiththeUniversityofWisconsin'soncologydepartmenttodeveloptheRide，abikingeventthatbenefitscancerresearch.Employeesalsogetsnackseveryday，“BeerThirty”onThursdays，andSummerFridays，aprogramthatletsemployeesleaveatnoon.GroundFloorMedia(Denver，Colorado)ThekeyforworkersatthismidsizepublicrelationsfirminDenveristhatemployeesworkanytime，anywhere.Headquartersareinaformerwarehousedowntown，nearCoorsField.TheofficesarespreadaroundthecentralspacethatdoublesasawetbareveryThursdaywhenthecompany's“beerclub”bringsinanewbrew.Ergodyne(St.Paul，Minnesota)TheSt.Paul-basedcompanyhasgrowntooperateoutofaretiredstorehousewithplentyofnaturallight.Rulesaboutdressing？“Wearsomething.”Itspurpose?Tocreatecool，comfortable,andtoughsafetyworkwearforthosewhoneedittogetthejobdone.Ergodynehasaround50employees,whoenjoyhot-dishcook-offs,ticketstosportingevents,andatleastonehappyhoureveryquarter.SouthwestMichiganFirst(Kalamazoo，Michigan)It'sfamilyfirstatthisMichiganeconomicdevelopmentadvisingagency.CEORonKitchenssaysthatinthepastyear，thecompanyhasmadeapushtogogreen，initiallystartedbythemillennialemployeeswhomakeuphalftheagency'sworkforce.Anewstaffpositionwascreatedforthepurposeofmakingsureeveryemployeeisabletobalanceworkingandcheeringattheirkids'sportingeventsorgoingfishing.1．What'sthepurposeoftheShineSharesprogram?A．Toraisemoneyforaresearch.B．Toletemployeesleaveearlier.C．Tosharethecompany'sbenefits.D．Topartnerwithalocaluniversity.2．WhatdoesSouthwestMichiganFirstencouragetheiremployeestodo?A．Toaccompanytheirfamilies.B．Tocreatenewstaffpositions.C．Tojoinincookingcompetitions.D．Toenjoythemselvesinsportingevents.3．Whichcompanyallowsitsstaffaflexibleworkingtime?A．ShineUnited.B．GroundFloorMedia.C．SouthwestMichiganFirst.D．Ergodyne.4．Whatcanweknowaboutthecompaniesmentionedinthetext?A．Theyofferemployeesfinancialsupport.B．Theycareaboutemployees'happiness.C．Theyhavestrictrulesaboutdressing.D．Theyhavetrainingprograms.【解題導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇廣告類應(yīng)用文，主要介紹了四個(gè)最好的企業(yè)。它們有的和職工分享收益并給職工供給零食和啤酒，有的鼓舞職工陪同家人，有的同意職工在任何時(shí)候任何地址工作，有的同意職工衣著任意的衣服?！倦y句剖析】ThekeyforworkersatthismidsizepublicrelationsfirminDenveristhatemployeesworkanytime，anywhere.剖析：該句為主從復(fù)合句。句中thatemployeesworkanytime，anywhere為that指引的表語從句。譯文：職工在這家位于丹佛的中等規(guī)模的公關(guān)企業(yè)工作的要點(diǎn)是職工能夠在任何時(shí)間任何地址工作。1．C考察細(xì)節(jié)理解。依據(jù)第一段第一句“Inthepastfiveyears，thisWisconsin-basedadvertisingagencyhassharedmorethan$500,000inprofitswithitsemployeesthroughthecompany'sShineSharesprogram”可知，在過去的五年時(shí)間里，這家位于威斯康星州的廣告代理企業(yè)經(jīng)過ShineShares項(xiàng)目和企業(yè)職工分享了五十萬美元的收益；據(jù)此可知，ShineShares項(xiàng)目的目的在于和職工分享收益，故C項(xiàng)正確。2．A考察推理判斷。依據(jù)第四段第一句的“It'sfamilyfirst”和最后一句“Anewstaffpositionwascreatedforthepurposeofmakingsureeveryemployeeisabletobalanceworkingandcheeringattheirkids'sportingeventsorgoingfishing”可知，該企業(yè)創(chuàng)辦了新的職位，目的是保證每個(gè)職工能均衡工作和在孩子的運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)中加油或垂釣的安2排；據(jù)此能夠判斷，該企業(yè)鼓舞職工陪同家人，故A項(xiàng)正確。3．B考察細(xì)節(jié)理解。依據(jù)第二段第一句“ThekeyforworkersatthismidsizepublicrelationsfirminDenveristhatemployeesworkanytime,anywhere”可知，在該中等規(guī)模的公關(guān)企業(yè)工作的要點(diǎn)是職工能夠在任何時(shí)間任何地址工作；據(jù)此可知，GroundFloorMedia企業(yè)同意職工有彈性的工作時(shí)間，故B項(xiàng)正確。44．B考察推理判斷。通讀全文可知，本文主要介紹了四個(gè)經(jīng)過自己的政策為職工謀幸福的企業(yè)：ShineUnited企業(yè)與職工分享收益，為職工供給零食；GroundFloorMedia企業(yè)允許職工有彈性的工作時(shí)間；Ergodyne企業(yè)同意職工任意衣著以創(chuàng)建輕松安全的工作環(huán)境；SouthwestMichiganFirst企業(yè)鼓舞職工陪同家人。故B項(xiàng)正確。依據(jù)第一段可知，ShineUnited經(jīng)過ShineShares項(xiàng)目與職工分享收益，文中沒有說起其余企業(yè)相關(guān)經(jīng)濟(jì)支持的信息，故A項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤；依據(jù)第三段可知，Ergodyne企業(yè)同意職工任意衣著以創(chuàng)建輕松安全的工作環(huán)境，故C項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤；D項(xiàng)文中沒有說起。.閱讀理解AIBMandLocalMotorsintroducedanewself-drivingelectricvehiclecalled“Olli”inNationalHarbour,Maryland.Thecar—really,asmallbus—iscapableoftransporting12peopleatonce.ItusesIBM’s“Watson”system,pullingvastamountsofdataonitssurroundingsfromavarietyofsources.Forexample,ifyouusethecarenoughitcouldeventuallyfigureoutyourgeneralpathtoworkeverymorning.Ifyou’rerunninglateoneday—orWatsonusesweatherdatatofigureoutthatit’sabouttorain,orthattrafficwillgetworse—Ollimighttellyouthere’snotimeforcoffee.Askitwhenyou’llarriveatyourdestinationanditcananswer.ThevehiclewillbeavailabletothepublicinNationalHarborat“selecttimes”thissummer.Laterthisyear,itwillbeusedinFlorida’sMiami-DadeCountyandLasVegas.MuchhasbeensaidaboutGoogle’sdriverlesscarprototype(模型)—butJayRogers,CEOofLocalMotors,asmallexperimentalcarmaker,saysthere’saproblemwiththeGoogle’sbusinessmodel.“Googledoesn’tmakecars,”heexplained.Whilethat’snotstrictlytrue—the3companydoeshaveitsownself-drivingcarprototype—GoogleisworkingwithtraditionalautomakerslikeFiatChryslertogetitsvehiclesonpublicroads.Butdriverlesscarsaren’tlegalineverystate.“AcompanylikeFiatChryslerwon’tputoutvehiclestheycan’tselleverywhere,”Rogerssaid.RogersbelievesLocalMotorsisnimbleenoughtobeanindustryleader.ThecompanydesignedOlliin2015andofficiallyapprovedtheprojectinMarch,2016.Threemonthslater,withIBM,theyhaveaworkingvehicleinMaryland.We’realongwayawayfromhavingOllieverywhere,ofcourse,butRogerssaysLocalMotors’majorproblemislegislation,nottechnology.They’realreadyequippedtoproduceanddeliverthecarswhereverthere’sdemand—thoughit’sasmallcompany,sodon’texpecttoomanyofthem.1.What’sOlli’smajorfeature?A.Itisanelectricvehicle.B.Itdoesn’tneedadriver.C.Itcantake12peopleatonce.D.Itcancommunicatewithpassengers.2.WhatdoesRogersthinkofGoogle’sdriverlesscars?A.TheywillbeOlli’sstrongcompetitors.B.Theycan’tbedrivenonpublicroads.C.Theyhaveabigtechnicalproblem.D.Theywon’tbemass-produced.3.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“nimble”inthetextmean?A.Abletoadapteasily.B.Abletoactquickly.C.Fullydeveloped.D.Highlycreative.4.WhywillOllinotappearingreatnumbers?A.Becauseitisstillinthetestingstage.B.Becausemanypeoplecan’taffordtobuyit.C.BecauseLocalMotorshaslowproductivity.4D.BecausedriverlesscarsarenotlegalinAmerica.B(2016·武漢武昌調(diào)研)BrookeMartin’sgoldenretriever(金毛獵犬)Kaylahatedbeingleftaloneorseparated.Shewouldhowl,pace,andchewonthings.Brookelearnedthatotherpeoplehadthesameproblemwiththeirpets.Shewondered:“Whatifyoucouldtalktoyourdogifyouweregone?”Workingwithherfatherintheirgarage,the16-year-oldcameupwithseveralideas.Finally,sheinventedadevicethatallowedpetownerstovideochatwiththeirpets!ShecallsthedeviceiCPooch.“Thedogdoesn’thavetoanswerthecall,”explainsBrooke.“Itcomesupimmediatelyonthescreenonitsend.It’satwo-wayaudioandvideo—youcanseeandheareachother.”Withaclickofabuttonyoucanevensendthedogatreat!Herinventionhasearnedheraspotcompetingagainstnineotherfinalistsinayoungscientistcompetitionformiddle-schoolstudents.Thesefinalists,selectedbasedontheirshortvideopresentations,areworkingwithmentorsoverthesummerbeforeheadingtothefinalcompetitioninSt.Paul,Minn.AfterMartin’svideoputheramongthe10finalistsintheDiscoveryEducation3MYoungScientistChallenge,shewaspairedwithDelonyLanger-Anderson,aproductdevelopmentscientistin3M’sconsumerhealthcaredivision.“Ijustleadherdowntheproductdevelopmentpath,”Langer-AndersontoldLiveScience.Thispathincludesguidanceonhowtotestthepotentialproduct,whichcombinesavideochatdevicethatanswersimmediatelyonthedog’sendwithadogtreatdevicetheownercanremotelyactivate.“OnethingIhavethoughtaboutalotis,whathappensifwhilethedeviceisonthefloor,whatifyourdogknocksitover,orscratchesthescreen?”Martinsaid.SheandLanger-Andersondiscussedthis,andMartinisnowtestingmaterialsatalocaldogshelterbytapingthemtothedoghousefloortoseehowwelltheywithstandsharpteethandclaws.5Thefinalistscreatemodelstheycantest,withtheguidancefromamentor.Theirprojectsincludeafuelcellthattransformscutgrassintoelectricityandanappthatrewardsdriversfornottextingorcalling.Langer-Andersontriestohelpthestudentsworkthroughthescientificmethod,testingtheirhypothesis,inadeterminedway.“Sothekidsdon’tgetburiedindata,”shesaid.5.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleofthetext?A.“iCPooch”winsinayoungscientistcompetitionB.A16-year-oldgirlinventsadevicefordogs’hungerC.Aman-madedeviceletspeoplechatwiththeirpetsD.Akid-inventeddevicecalmsdogs’separationanxiety6.“iCPooch”calmspetdogsby.A.allowingvideochatB.makingdogssleepC.answeringthecallD.givingthemfood7.Whatistheprobablemeaningoftheunderlinedword“mentors”?A.Competitors.B.Assistants.C.Instructors.D.Companions.8.Whatdotheinventionsofthefinalistshaveincommon?A.Theyareallnewinventionsdealingwithpets.B.Theyarepossiblesolutionstoeverydayproblems.C.Theycopewiththeproblemsrelatedtocomputers.D.Theyareallaccomplishedthroughindividualwork.TheAmazonbasinregionishometoabout2.5millioninsectspecies，tensofthousandsofplants，andsome2000birdsandmammals.Todate，atleast40000plantspecies,3000fish,1294birds,427mammals,428amphibians，and378reptileshavebeenscientificallyclassifiedintheregion.Oneinfiveofallthebirdsintheworldlive6intherainforestsoftheAmazon.Thewarmwetforestshavebeeninexistencefor55millionyears，andthrivedevenduringglacialperiods，allowingfortheevolutionofanunbelievablediversityofspecies.Radiocarbondating(放射性碳年月測定)hasrevealedtreesof10centimeterdiametertobemorethan300yearsold，andsometreesover1000yearsold，indicatingthatuntouchedforestscanexperienceunbelievablelongevity.ThefirsthumaninhabitantsarethoughttohavesettledintheAmazonregionabout11200yearsago.Europeanexplorersarrivedinthe16thcentury，bringingdiseaseswhichtraveledfasterthantheexplorersthemselves，killingperhapsasmanyas90%oftheindigenousinhabitants(土著居民)．Bythelate17thcenturytheAmazonbasinwascontrolledbyPortugueseandSpanishexplorers.TheAmazonrainforesthasbeendescribedasthelungsofourplanetbecauseofitsimportantroleinrecyclingcarbondioxideintooxygen.Butduetodeforestation(采伐叢林)，rainforestsnowcoverlessthan5%oftheEarth'slandsurface，andexpertsbelievethatthisisabigcontributortoglobalclimatechange.Severedeforestationbeganinthe20thcentury，with587000squarekilometerslostuptotheyear2000.Mostdeforestedlandisusedforgrasslandtoraisefarmanimalsandagriculture.Theadditionoftransportrouteshasledtoincreasedsettlementanddeforestation，andatthepresentrate，scientistsestimatethattheAmazonrainforestwillbereducedby40%intwodecades.1．WhyarethefiguresmentionedinParagraph1?A．Toprovetheforestuntouched.B．Toclassifyspeciesscientifically.C．Toshowthediversityofspecies.D．ToattractmoreattentiontoAmazon.2．WhydidmostindigenousinhabitantsintheAmazonregiondie?A．Europeanexplorersbroughtdiseasesthere.B．Portugueseexplorerstreatedthembadly.C．Alotoftreeswerecutdownandburned.D．TheygotkilledbySpanishexplorers.3．WhatcanbeinferredabouttheAmazonrainforest?A．Ithasthelargestnumberofspecies.B．Itcoversover5%ofSouthAmerica.C．Itisbecominglargerinarea.7D．Itisbeingendangerednow.4．Whatmaybeincludedinthefollowingparagraph?A．Examplesofdestroyingforests.B．Measurestoprotectrainforests.C．NewsettlementsinAmazon.D．Waystostopglobalwarming.【解題導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文，主要介紹了亞馬遜熱帶雨林正面對消逝的危險(xiǎn)。1．C目的企圖題。通讀全文可知，第一段提到昆蟲、植物和動(dòng)物等物種的數(shù)目，是為了表示亞馬遜熱帶雨林物種的多樣性。故答案選C。2．A細(xì)節(jié)理解題。Europeanexplorersarrivedinthe16thcentury,bringingdiseaseswhichtraveledfasterthantheexplorersthemselves，killingperhapsasmanyas90%oftheindigenousinhabitants(土著居民)．(第三段第二句)譯文：十六世紀(jì)，歐洲探險(xiǎn)家到達(dá)這里，帶來了疾病，這些疾病的流傳速度比探險(xiǎn)家前行的腳步還要快，大概使多達(dá)90%的土著居民死亡。依據(jù)要點(diǎn)句可知，歐洲探險(xiǎn)家把疾病帶到亞馬遜地域，致使大部分土著居民死亡。故答案選A。3．D推理判斷題。Theadditionoftransportrouteshasledtoincreasedsettlementanddeforestation，andatthepresentrate，scientistsestimatethattheAmazonrainforestwillbereducedby40%intwodecades.(最后一段最后一句)譯文：運(yùn)輸路線的增添致使了定居點(diǎn)和濫伐叢林的增添，依據(jù)當(dāng)前的速度，科學(xué)家預(yù)計(jì)亞馬遜熱帶雨林在二十年內(nèi)將減少40%。依據(jù)要點(diǎn)句可推知，亞馬遜熱帶雨林正面對消逝的危險(xiǎn)。故答案選D。4．B推理判斷題。最后一段主要介紹了因?yàn)闉E伐叢林，亞馬遜熱帶雨林覆蓋率在降落，正面對消逝的危險(xiǎn)；由此可推知，文章接下來應(yīng)是針對這類狀況介紹怎樣保護(hù)亞馬遜熱帶雨林。故答案選B。亮點(diǎn)句累積：Theadditionoftransportrouteshasledtoincreasedsettlementanddeforestation，andatthepresentrate，scientistsestimatethattheAmazonrainforestwillbereducedby40%intwodecades.(最后一段最后一句)譯文：運(yùn)輸路線的增添致使了定居點(diǎn)和濫伐叢林的增添，依據(jù)當(dāng)前的速度，科學(xué)家預(yù)計(jì)亞馬遜熱帶雨林在二十年內(nèi)將減少40%。Ⅱ.七選五閱讀(2016·重慶第二次診療)8HowtoGetonaRealityTVShowThinkcarefullybeforeyouleap!BeingonarealityTVshowisaboutbeingexposed.Andthatexposureistoeveryone,includingyourfamily,friends,neighbors,andyourformerschoolteachers.Isthissomethingyoucanhandle?1Ifyou’renotworriedaboutthis,thenyou’reready!Ontheotherhand,ifyouvalueyourprivacyandreputationintensely,realityTVstardommaynotbeforyou.Giveitupbeforethingsgetdifficultifthat’sthecase!2Forabrand-newshow,readwhateverisalreadyavailableinthemediaabouttheshow’sintendedthemes,content,timeslot,andaudience.3Thisisprobablyeasierifyou’vewatcheditwithoutfailsinceitbegan.Bepractical.Whenyouassessyoursuitabilitytogoanyfurther,someofthethingsthatyoushouldkeepinmindincludebeingrealistic.Itmakeslittlesensetoapplytobeinaweightlossshowwhenyou’realreadyatanidealweight.4Ifyou’reapplyingforashowwantingpeoplewithabusinessbackgroundoracollegeeducationandyoudon’thaveone,again,itmaynotbeworthyourwhile.Knowwhyyouwanttodothis.Theshow’sproducerswillwantastrong,well-foundedresponse.5Tellingthem“Iwanttobefamous”rarelydistinguishesyoufromeveryotherpersonwantingthesame.Beconfidentinwhatyoubelieveyoucancontributetotheshowwhilefocusingonyourhoped-foroutcome.A.Canyouactuallysing,dance,act,etc.,asrequired?B.Learnallthatyoucanabouttheshowbeforeapplying.C.Doyoumindifpeoplewhousedtoknowyoutalkaboutyou?D.Norisitwisetotrymodelingwhenyourheightisn’twhatthey’relookingfor.E.Doyouhavetoeatthingsthataresimplyawfulandthatyou’dneverthinkofeatinginamillionyears?F.Giveananswerthatshowsyourstrengths,yourinterestingpoints,andadesiretobeagoodrolemodel.G.Foranexistingshow,itmakesgoodsensetobeup-to-dateabouttheentireshowfromitspreviousseasons.9Ⅲ.短文改錯(cuò)Ioncetookpartinaspeechcontest.SuchdifficultwasthetopicthatIcompletelyhadnoideaaboutit.Evenatimeforpreparationwassolimited.Ifelthopefulandwantedtogiveup.AnddeepinmyheartIdidn’twanttobeafailure.SoIrecoveredmycourageandtakethecontestseriously.Ikeptremindmyself,“IfItrymybest,Iwon’tfeelregretful,whichevertheresultis.”InthefollowingdaysIstruggledmygoal.Attheend,allmyeffortspaidoff.Iwonfirstprize,whichwasmuchbetterthanwhatIhadexpectedit.考點(diǎn)規(guī)范練(選修8Unit3).【解題導(dǎo)語】本文是說明文。電動(dòng)汽車Olli不單能夠無人駕駛,還能夠與乘客互動(dòng),回答乘客的各樣問題。1.D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第一段中的“ItusesIBM’s‘Watson’system,pullingvastamountsofdataonitssurroundingsfromavarietyofsources.”及第二段內(nèi)容可知,經(jīng)過IBM的認(rèn)知系統(tǒng)Watson,Olli能夠與乘客互動(dòng)。2.D推理判斷題。依據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段中的“Butdriverlesscarsaren’tlegalineverystate.‘AcompanylikeFiatChryslerwon’tputoutvehiclestheycan’tselleverywhere,’...”可知,因?yàn)闊o人駕駛汽車不是在每個(gè)州都合法,所以與谷歌合作的汽車廠商不會(huì)大規(guī)模生產(chǎn)無人駕駛汽車。3.B詞義猜想題。依據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的“ThecompanydesignedOlliin2015andofficiallyapprovedtheprojectinMarch,2016.Threemonthslater,withIBM,theyhaveaworkingvehicleinMaryland.”可知,LocalMotors從設(shè)計(jì)Olli到上路只用了一年多的時(shí)間,由此看出