英漢語言學術語對照表

說明：此術語表的基礎是筆者幾年前為《廖秋忠文集》作的一個術語索引，后來又補充了另外兩本書的術語。由于局限于這三種書，當然不能涵蓋現(xiàn)代語言學所有常用術語。當時之所以選擇這三種書，主要是考慮到這幾種著作的著／譯者對詞語的譯法較有權威性。這幾年來，國內新出版的反映新近語言理論的譯述又有不少，可惜筆者無力集齊所有的術語。今借網刊一角，把這份原始材料提供給大家參考，更希望作為引玉之磚，藉網上同好之力，共同建立起一份較為全面的英漢術語語匯表來。－伯江，一九九八年十二月六日術語表刊出后，很快得到陶紅印先生惠賜所編制的《當代社會語言學》一書的詞語，現(xiàn)已悉數(shù)補入。在此對紅印兄深表謝意。－伯江，一九九八年十二月十三日文獻目錄廖：《廖秋忠文集》，北京語言學院出版社1992。陳：陳平《現(xiàn)代語言學研究》，重慶出版社1991。呂：呂叔湘、黃國營譯，沈家煊?！毒浞ɡ碚摶A》(R.P.Stokwell)，華中工學院出版社1986。陶：徐大明、陶紅印、謝天蔚《當代社會語言學》，中國社會科學出版社1997。Aabsoluteuniversals絕對共性[廖328]absolutecase通格[廖204]abstractconstruct抽象結構[廖235]accessibilityhierachy辨認度[廖27]acceptability可接受性[廖373]accommodation讓步，適應[陶]accompanimentadverb交與副詞[呂239]accomplishment結束[陳147159]accusative受事格[廖346]accusativeobject受事賓語[呂240]achievement成就[陳147]act行為[廖236]actsequence信息內容與形式[陶]actionalpredicate動作謂語[呂240]activated被激發(fā)的[廖396402]active主動格[陳108]activity活動[陳147157]actual實際[廖375]adequacy切應性[陳51]adjacency鄰接關系[呂240]adjacencypairs語對[陶]adjective形容詞[呂240]adjunctstring附加語符列[陳45]adjuncts修飾語[廖27]adjusmentmodel調整模式[陳41]adposition介詞，附置詞[呂240]advanced高等[陶]adverb副詞[呂240]adverb-fronting副詞前移[呂240]adverb-lowering副詞下降[呂240]affective表情(作用)[陳9]affix詞綴[呂240]Afrikanns阿富堪斯[陶]agegrading年齡級差[陶]agent施事[呂240]agglutinating粘著型[廖331]agglutinative粘著型[陳107]agreement一致[呂240]agreementmaxim同意的準則[廖369]AI(artificialintelligence)人工智能[廖235]allocationoffunction功能的分配[陶]allocationofuse用途的分配[陶]ambiguity歧義[呂240]ambiguitymaxim歧義準則[廖370]AmericanCouncilonTeachingForeignLanguages(ACTFL)美國外語教學委員會[陶]AmericanInstitutesofResearch美國研究所[陶]analogues模擬詞[廖408]analytic分析型[陳107]analyticcausative分析式使成式[廖345]anaphor回指對象[陳182]anaphora指稱替代[廖236]回指形式[陳182]anaphoricreference回指[陳121181][呂240]animacy生命度[廖326332347352]antecedent先行詞[陳182]被代詞[呂240]anterior先事時[陳173]anteriorfuture先事將來時[陳174]anteriorpast先事過去時[陳174]anteriorpresent先事現(xiàn)在時[陳174]anthropological人類學的[廖235]anthropology人類學[陶]Antigua西印度群島上的安梯瓜[陶]antipodals對跖詞[廖413]antonym兩極詞[廖412]antonymy兩極關系[廖417]apparenttime顯象時間[陶]appositiveclause同位小句[呂240]approbationmaxim表揚的準則[廖369]appropriateness合適性[廖374]得體性[陶]arbitrary任意的[陶]archiphoneme原音位[陳10]argument論元[陳84196]參與者[呂240]argumentposition論元位[陳104]argumentation論辯體[廖124]argumentative論證[廖236]argumentativestructure論證結構[廖237]Aroucanians智利的阿勞卡尼人[陶]article冠詞[呂240]aspect時態(tài)[陳143]態(tài)[呂240]體[陶]assert肯定[呂240]assertion肯定[呂240]assertive斷言的[廖425]assign分配[呂240]associatedtypology關聯(lián)類型學[廖331]atomicstructureofsentences句子的原始結構[呂240]attachto系附于[呂240]attenuated較單薄的[廖61]attributes屬性[廖435449]attributiverelativeclause修飾性關系小句[呂240]audiencedesign聽眾設計[陶]augmentedtransitionnetwork擴展的轉移網絡[廖379]authentic真實材料[陶]automatictranslation自動翻譯[陳96]autonomoussyntax自主的句法[廖236]AutosegmentalPhonology自分音系理論[陶]auxiliaryverb助動詞[呂240]BBabyTalk娃娃腔[陶]back-channel襯托型反饋形式[陶]backgrounding抑退[呂240]BahasaIndonesia巴薩印尼話[陶]ballooning(ofrules)(規(guī)則)膨脹[呂240]banterprinciple逗樂原則[廖369]barenoun光桿名詞[陳129]basiclevel基本層次[廖417]basiclevelterms典型層次詞[廖436]Basque巴斯克語[陶]BazaarMalay集市馬來話[陶]begging乞求[陶]behavioralnorm行為規(guī)范[陳106]Berber柏柏爾語[陶]beyondsentencegrammar超句語法[廖234]bi-cultural雙文化[陶]bidialectalism雙方言[陶]bilingual說雙語的人[陶]bilingualism雙語[陶]biunique一一對應[陳11]bounded有界的[陳168]boundedness封閉性[廖438]bracketing加括[呂241]brandnew全新的[廖399]bundleoffeatures特征束[陳10]Ccamaraderie同志式的[陶]cardinalreference-point主要元音參考點[廖318]case-marker格標記[呂241]casemarking格標記[廖340]Catalan加泰窿語[陶]cataphoricreference反指[陳206]catastrophicchange劇變，災變[陶]catastrophism劇變說，災變說[陶]categorize類化[陳103]categorization范疇化[廖449]category范疇[廖449][呂241]causal因果性[陳117]causativeconstruction使成結構[廖326344]causeadverb原因副詞[呂241]causee使成者[廖345]causer肇事者[廖345]centerstring中心語符列[陳45]changeinprogress進行中的變化[陶]chunk信息塊[陳89]circumstantialrole附帶成分[陳183]circumstantials隨遇成分[廖27]citation引用[廖359]clarityprinciple清楚原則[廖370]class類[陳128]classical古語[陶]class-inclusion類包括[呂241]classesofwords詞類[呂241]classification分類體[廖124]clause小句[廖236][呂241]clause-internalrules小句內部規(guī)則[呂241]cleftsentence分裂句[陳240]clefting分裂[呂241]closednetwork封閉網絡[陶]cluster詞群[廖408]code代碼[呂241]codenorm代碼規(guī)范[陳105]code-switching語碼轉換[陶]codification標準的健全[陶]coding表現(xiàn)[陳163]codingdevice編碼手段[呂241]cognitivecontent認識內容[呂241]cognitivecorrespondence認知對應原則[陳104]cognitivefunction認識功能[呂241]cognitiveinformation認知信息[陶]cognitiverepresentationtheory認知表現(xiàn)理論[陳104]cognitivescience認知科學[廖380]cognitivesynonymy認知同義關系[廖406]coherence意義連貫[廖373]cohesion形式連貫[廖373]cohesiverelationship連貫關系[廖399]collaborativefinish合作完成式[陶]collocationalrestrictions習慣性搭配限制[廖408]command統(tǒng)御[陳68]comment論述,陳述[廖333396][陳187]說明[呂241]commissives承諾[廖423]commonfocus共喻圈[呂242]commonknowledge共同知識[呂242]communication傳信[廖379]communicationaccommodationtheory,CAT交際適應理論[陶]communicativecompetence交際能力[廖278]communicativeforce實際用義[廖357]communicativelanguageteaching交際語言教學[陶]compactness簡潔[呂242]comparative比較[呂242]compatibility并存關系[廖407]competence語言能力[陳18]能耐[呂242]complementaries互補詞[廖411]complements補足成分[廖27]補語[呂242]complementizer成形劑[呂242]complexchange復變[陳160]complex-NP-shift復雜NP移位[呂242]complexsentence復雜句[呂242]componentialist要素分析者[廖438]compoundinterdependent合成型[陶]compressionrules壓縮規(guī)則[呂242]conativefunction使動功能[廖313]conceptualdependency概念從屬(語法)[陳101]concord一致[呂242]conditionaladverb條件副詞[呂242]conditionalcoherence條件連貫[陳83]configuration構型[廖438]configurationality組合性[陳108]congruencerelations一致關系[廖406]congruent一致性[陶]congruentmeronym一致部件[廖407]conjoinability可連接性[廖27]conjunction連詞/聯(lián)合[呂242]conjunction-reduction省并[呂242]connectivers連接成分[廖451]constituencyrules組成成分規(guī)則[廖314]constituentclass成分類別[陳41]constituentellipsis成分省略[廖14]constituentinsertion成分插入[陶]constituentorder結構成分順序[廖334]constitutiveprinciples構成原則[廖373]constant常量[呂242]constraints限制[廖328]約束[呂242]constructiongrammar結構語法[廖281]containment包含[廖483]contemporary當代[陶]contentform內容形式[陳9]contentmode內容表達式[廖359]contentsubstance內容實體[陳9]context語境,上文[廖236395]contextofsituation言語情景；情景的上下文[陶]context-dependentstructure/system依靠語境的結構/系統(tǒng)[廖236]context-freerule不受上下文約束的規(guī)則[呂242]contextofsituation語境[廖319]context-sensitiverule受上下文約束的規(guī)則[呂242]contextualrelations語境關系[廖404]contextualstyle場合語體[陶]contextualizationcues語境線索[陶]continuity連續(xù)性[陳187]continuousvariable連續(xù)變量[陶]continuum連續(xù)體[陳64162]contraction語音省縮[呂242]contrary指反[陳217]contrastiveprominence對比重音[呂242]control自控力[廖332]convergence靠近[陶]conversation會話[廖236]conversationalanalysis,CA對話分析[廖235]會話分析[陶]conversationalimplicatures話語蘊含[陶]conversationalpostulates對話原則[廖361]converse逆反詞[廖413]co-occurrenceconstraint共現(xiàn)約束[呂242]cooperativeprinciple合作原則[廖179357]co-ordinateindependent并存型[陶]coordinatestructure并列結構[呂242]copulaverb系詞[呂242]coreference同一性關系[陳182]corpusplanning語型規(guī)劃[陶]correctedmean修正均值[陶]correspondence對應[廖365]co-taxonyms同類分類詞[廖409]counteractive反動關系[廖412]counterparts對應詞[廖413]covertprestige隱威信[陶]creole克里奧語,混合語[陶]criterial判別性的[廖404]cross-culturalcommunication跨文化的交際[陶]crossover超越[陶]cultivation培養(yǎng)[陶]current鄰接的[廖399]cycle輪轉[呂243]cyclicapplication循環(huán)使用[廖317]contrastivefeatures區(qū)別特征[陶]Ddata數(shù)據(jù)[廖236]dative與格[廖346]Davidian達羅毗荼[陶]declaratives宣告句[廖420]declarativesentence陳述句[呂243]de-creolization克里奧爾脫化[陶]de-creolizationcontinuum克里奧爾脫化連續(xù)體[陶]deepstructure深層結構[呂243]default常規(guī)選擇[廖373]deferent敬重[陶]DeficitHypothesis語言缺陷論[陶]definite有定[廖40]definiteness定指度[廖342]definitenessofsubjectandobject主語和賓語的限定[廖237]degree-terms程度詞[廖411]deictic指示詞[呂243]deixis指示詞[廖195]deletionrules消除規(guī)則[呂243]delicacy精細度[廖319]demonstrativestructure論證結構[廖451]deonticmodality義務情態(tài)[廖419]dependencyrelation依賴關系[呂243]derivationalmorphology衍生構詞[廖316]構詞形態(tài)[呂243]derivedsentence派生句[呂243]derivedstructure派生結構[呂243]description描寫體[廖124]descriptivestructuer描寫結構[廖237]descriptivists描寫學派[廖308322][陳1135]designfeatures圖案成分[廖309]destressing輕音化[呂243]determiner區(qū)別詞[呂243]deviation偏離[陶]diachronicderivability歷時可導性[陳116]diagram圖解[呂243]dialect方言[陶]dialectgeography方言地理學[廖264]dialectology方言學[廖262]dialogic對話性[陶]dialogue對話[廖234236]differentiable可區(qū)分的[廖408]diglossia雙言制[陶]dimension標度[廖211]dimensionalmodel層面模式[陳109]directillocutions直接表達式[廖361]directobject直接賓語[呂243]directionaladverb趨向副詞[呂243]directives指令[廖423]directspeech直接句[廖360]discourse對話[廖379]言談[呂243]discourseanalysis篇章分析[廖181234310][陳2555]discourseconnectedness篇章連貫[廖236]discourseconnectives篇章連接[廖236237]discourseforspecialoccasions特別場合的篇章[廖236]discourse-functionalsyntax篇章-功能句法[廖236]discourse-functionallymotivatedstructure/system有篇章-功能理據(jù)的結構/系統(tǒng)[廖237]discoursegenres篇章類型[廖236]discourseintonation篇章語調[廖236]discourseorganization篇章結構[廖236]discourseparticles篇章詞[廖236]discourseperspectiveonsyntax篇章觀點看句法[廖237]discoursepredicate篇章謂詞[廖236237]discoursescope篇章管界[廖236237]discourseunits篇章單位[廖236]discoveryprocedure發(fā)現(xiàn)過程[廖309]發(fā)現(xiàn)程序[陳1143]discrete離散的[廖332]displaced間隔的[廖399]dissonance不和諧[廖416]distant距離，保持距離[陶]distinctivefeatures區(qū)別成分[廖317]distinctivefeaturetheory區(qū)別成分理論[廖313]distributionalists分布學派[陳11]distributionuniversals分布共性[廖338]divergence分離[陶]DocumentDesignProject,DDP文獻設計計劃[陶]doing做事[陶]domain認知領域[廖438]domainofpredication表述界域[呂243]domainoftransformations轉換界域[呂243]domaintheory語域理論[陶]dominances處理中心[廖373]dominant顯性[陳115]doublearticulation雙重分節(jié)[陳113]doublet詞對[廖408]dummyfiller傀儡成分[呂244]durative持續(xù)[陳152]dynamicprocess動態(tài)過程[陳64]Eearlymodern現(xiàn)代早期[陶]easeofprocessing循索的便利[呂244]eclectic折中調和[陳70]economyprinciple簡練原則[廖370]effectiveness有效性[廖374]efficiency簡易性[廖373]efficient高效性[陳40]elaboratedcode復雜語碼[陶]elaboration標準的擴建[陶]elementarysentence初級句[陳45]ellipsis省略[廖14236]ellipsisofargumentsandframs主目和框架的省略[廖237]embedsentence嵌入句[呂244]embeddedconstruction嵌套結構[陶]empiricalevidence立論依據(jù)[陳16]emptycategory空語類[陳17]encode表現(xiàn)[陳22]end-focusmaxim焦點在尾準則[廖359370]endocentric內中心[呂244]endoglossic本土的[陶]endonym被包含詞[廖408]ends目標與效果[陶]end-scopemaxim轄域在尾準則[廖370]end-weightmaxim重心在尾準則[廖359370]entail包含[廖194]entailment包含關系[廖404]entity實體[廖435][陳120]episodicmemory情節(jié)記憶[廖376]epistemicmodality知識情態(tài)[廖419]equi-NP-deletion等名消除[呂244]equipollentantonyms均等詞[廖412]ergative-absolutivesystem施-受格系統(tǒng)[廖333]ergativecase作格[廖204][陳108]ergativity作格格局[廖196]ethnicity民族[陶]ethno-民族，民俗[陶]ethnographical人群學的[廖235]ethnographyofcommunication交際民族志學[陶]ethnographyofspeaking言語民族志學；交際人種志學[陶]ethnomethodological民族學的[廖235]ethnomethodology民俗方法論[陶]EuropeanCommunity歐洲共同體[陶]evaluatedparticipation,EP參與估價[陶]evaluation評價體[廖124]評價[陶]evaluatives評價[廖423]event事件[廖236]evidence驗證[呂244]evoked激發(fā)的[廖399402]exchange交換[廖236]excluded排斥的[廖404]exemplar樣本[廖435]existentialsentence存在句,呈現(xiàn)句[呂244]exocentric外中心[呂244]exoglossic外來的[陶]exonym包含詞[廖408]expansionrule擴展規(guī)則[呂244]expected預期的[廖404]experiencer感受者[廖332]expertcategory專業(yè)范疇[廖437]explicit明確[陳37]expository說明,說明體[124236]exposition說明體[廖124]expressionform表達形式[陳9]expressionsubstance表達實體[陳9]expressivediscourse抒情體[廖124]expressivefunction表情功能[廖313]expressityprinciple表達力原則[廖370]extendedperformativehypothesis擴展表述句式假說[廖361]extraposition外位[呂244]Ffactive敘實[呂244]factivity實事性[呂244]falsification證偽[陳26]familyresemblance家庭成員相似性[廖434]familyresemblancecategory家庭成員相似范疇[廖439]familytreetheory家族樹理論[陳5]feature特征[廖449]featurenorm特征規(guī)范[陳106]feedback反饋[陶]field場域[陳79]范圍[陶]figure人物[廖161]finishedproduct成品[陳86]finite-stategrammar有限狀態(tài)語法[陳49]firstpairpart上聯(lián)[陶]flagged插旗式，標記性[陶]flectional融合性[廖331]Flemish荷蘭語的佛來米語[陶]focus焦點[廖332][陳65]focusofinformation信息焦點[陳235]focusingrules聚焦規(guī)則[呂244]folkcategory通俗范疇[廖437]folktaxonomy民俗分類結構[廖409]force動力,用意[廖332357360]foregrounding突出[呂244]ForeignServiceInstitute美國外交學院[陶]foreignertalk外國人腔[陶]formalism形式主義[廖452]formalist形式主義學派[陳14]formalistfunctionalism形式功能主義[廖357]formaluniversals形式共性[廖327]formationrules成形規(guī)則[呂244]formulaic套語性[陳112]formsofcommunication交際形式[陶]formsofspeech言語形式[陶]fossilize僵化[陶]frame框架[廖400438451][陳82]交際框架[陶]framing框架[陶]frequencyadverb頻次副詞[呂245]fronting前化[陳6]frontingrules移前規(guī)則[呂245]fullturn正式的話輪[陶]functionassignment功能分配[陳96]functionofcommunication交際功能[陶]functionalcoherence功能連貫[廖236][陳83]functionalcommunicativeactivities功能性交流活動[陶]functionalism功能主義[廖452]functionalist功能主義學派[陳14]functionalsentenceperspective功能的句子透視[廖374][陳56]functionyield功能值[廖313]functor-contenthierarchy虛-實詞等級[廖338]future將來時[陳173]Ggapping缺略[呂245]gender性[呂245]general普遍性[陳40]generallinguistics普通語言學[廖274320]generallinguistictheory普通/遍語言理論[廖275]generalpragmatis普通語用法[廖365]GeneralizedPhraseStructureGrammar普遍短語結構語法[陳14]generate概括,定義,規(guī)范[廖314322]生成[呂245]generationdifference代差[陶]generativegrammar生成語法[廖322]generativephonology生成音系學[廖318]generativesementics生成語義學[廖345][陳1959]generativesyntax生成句法學[廖318]genres言語體裁[陶]generic通指[陳119167]genericlevel屬層[廖409]generositymaxim寬宏的準則[廖369]genetic起源性[陳116]geneticlinguistics譜系語言學[陳109]gerundformation動名詞形成[呂245]gerundivization動名詞化[呂245]giveninformation已知信息[陳78187234]globalcoherence總體連貫[陳83]globally總的[廖359]glossematics語符學[廖316322]glosseme語符[陳9]goal對象[呂245]GovernmentandBinding支配與約束理論[陳14]grade-terms漸變詞/成分[廖411][陳162]gradualism均變說[陶]grammar語法[廖357371]grammaticality合乎語法[廖314]grammaticalityjudgement語法判別能力[陶]grammaticalization語法化[陳23]grammaticalness合語法性[呂245]GreatVowelShift元音大換位[陶]HHausa豪薩語[陶]head中心語[陳45]hearsay聽說[廖421]heavierelementprinciple大塊頭原則[呂245]hedge模棱話[陶]hedges邊界詞[廖437]heterogeneity復雜性或異質性[陶]heterogeneous異質的[陳152]hierarchicalstructure層次構造/結構[陳2839]hierarchy等級結構[廖328408]hierarchyofaccessibilitytorelativization關系子句化的可即度等級[廖343]hierarchyofindividuation個體化等級[廖348]hierarchyofsaliency顯著性等級[廖348]highkey高音[廖441]highvariety高變體[陶]highermentalfunction高級智力功能[陶]higher-orderpredicate高次位詞[陳196]Hindi印地語[陶]historicallinguistics歷史語言學[廖349]holistictypology整體類型[廖331]homogeneous均質的[陳152]同質的[陶]hortatory規(guī)勸/誘導體[廖124236]hypercorrection矯枉過正[陶]hypoconverse下逆反詞[廖407]hyponymy下義關系[廖406]IICAO國際民航組織[陶]ideaunit思想單位[陳102]idealspeaker理想的說話人[廖308]ideational表義部分[廖358]意念成分[陳78]ideationalfunction表義功能[廖364]identicaldeletion承前刪除[廖14]identifiable定指[陳119]identifyingfunction鑒別功能[呂246]idiolect個人語言[陳26]idiomaticity慣用性質[陳111]ill-formed非完美形式[陳48]不協(xié)調[呂246]illocutions行事作用[陳96]immediateconstituents直接成分[陳36]imperativesentence命令句[呂246]imperfective不完全態(tài)[陳177]未完成態(tài)[呂246]Implementation標準的實施[陶]implicate蘊含[陶]implicationalhierarchy蘊含層級[廖433]implicationaluniversals蘊含共性[廖327328][陳108]implicature會話蘊含,含義,蘊含義[廖195365395][陳65]improbability不可能[廖416]inappropriateness不合適[廖408]inceptive始事態(tài)[呂246]inclusive包容性[陳40]incompatibility排斥關系[廖407]incongruence不調合[廖408]incongruent非一致性[陶]incoroporating聚合型[廖331]incrementation增長[呂246]indefinite-agent-deletion無定施事消除[呂246]indefinitearticle無定冠詞[呂246]indefinite-NP-deletion無定名詞短語消除[呂246]in-depth深探式[陳27]index指標[陶]indexoffusion融合度[廖331]indexofstatuscharacteristics,ISC地位特征指數(shù)[陶]indexofsynthesis合成度[廖331]indexicalinformation特征信息[陶]indexicalmeaning檢索意義[陶]indexicalityofsign符號的引得屬性[陶]indicative直陳語氣[呂246]indicator指示項[陶]indirectconverse間接逆反詞[廖413]indirectillocutions間接表達式[廖361]indirectspeech間接句[廖360]indirectspeechact間接講話行為[廖361]individual單指[陳119]個體[陳128]inference推論[廖395]inferrable可推導的[廖399]inflected曲折型[陳107]inflection構形變化[呂246]inflectionalmorphology構形形態(tài)[呂246]informationstructure信息結構[陳66]informationtheory信息論[陶]informationunit信息單位[陳6678]informativity信息度[廖373]inherent固有的[陶]innercity內城[陶]innateness天賦論[廖328]insertionrules插入規(guī)則[呂246]instantiate例示[廖435]instrumentaladverb工具副詞[呂246]instrumentalities交際工具[陶]instantiation體現(xiàn)[陳77]intellectualrevolution知識革命[陶]intelligibility可懂度[陶]intensifier強度副詞[呂246]intensionalverb愿望副詞[呂246]intention意圖[呂246]intentionality有目的性[廖373]interaction相互影響[廖236]交流，互動[陶]interactional相互作用的[廖394]交流大綱[陶]interactive互動關系[廖412]interestprinciple有趣原則[廖369]interjection嘆詞[呂246]interlanguage中介語[陶]interlinguistics語際語言學[陳96]intermediate中等[陶]interpersonal人際成分[陳78]interpersonalrhetoric人際修辭[廖358363]inter-personalvariation個人之間的變異[陶]interpretivesemanticists解釋語義學派[陳19]interrogatives詢問句[廖420]intertextuality章際性[廖373]intonationcontour調形[陳78]intonationunit語調單位[陳102]intransitive不及物[呂246]intra-personalvariation個人內部的變異[陶]intra-sententialcode-switching句內語碼轉換[陶]introspection內省[陳24]introspectivejudgement內省的判斷[廖314]inversion倒轉[呂246]in-width博采式[陳27]ironymaxim諷刺準則[廖357]ironyprinciple諷刺原則[廖369]irreversible不可逆的[廖209]isogloss等言線，等語線[陶]isolating孤立型[廖331]itemandarrangement單元和排列[廖316][陳41]itemandprocess單元和過程[廖316][陳41]iterative多次態(tài)[陳171]Jjourney歷程[廖438]jussives命令句[廖420]Kkernelsentence核心句[呂247]key傳遞信息的方式、風格[陶]knowing獲取知識[陶]knowledgeschema知識框架，知識腳本[陶]Llandmark參照點[廖440]language語言[陶]languagecontact語言的接觸[陶]languagedeath語言死亡[陶]languagefaculty語言官能[廖277]languageimposition語言上加，語言強加[陶]languageofwidercommunication,LWC交際面廣泛的語言[陶]languagepolicy語言政策[陶]languagepolitics語言政治[陶]languageshift語言轉移[廖389]語言替換[陶]languagesocialization語言社會化過程[陶]languagespread語言擴散[陶]languagetypology語言類型[廖330331]languageuniversal語言共性成份[廖313326329][陳13]langue語言[陶]leakageofrules規(guī)則的遺漏[呂247]lexeme詞目[廖405]lexicalcausative詞匯使成式[廖345]lexicaldiffusion詞匯擴散[陶]lexicalform詞形[廖405]lexicalfunctionalgrammar詞匯-功能語法[陳14100]lexicalinterpretivists詞匯解釋學派[陳59]lexicalmophemes實詞素[廖353]lexicalphonology詞匯音系學[陳101]lexicalsemantics詞匯語義學[陳101]lexicalsiblings兄弟詞[廖408]lexicalsubstitution詞語替代[廖236237]lexicalunit詞義單元[廖403]lexicalgrammar詞匯語法[陳77]lexicalisthypothesis詞匯假說[陳100]lexicalization詞匯化[呂247]lexicon詞庫[呂247]linearorder線性順序[陳28]linguafranca交際語[陶]linguisticcontext語言環(huán)境[陳23124]linguisticcompetence語言能力[廖308]linguisticdescription語言描寫[廖274]linguisticinsecurity語言不安全感[陶]linguisticperformance語言表現(xiàn)[廖308]linguisticpolarity語言極化[廖414]linguisticproper純語言學[陳55]linguisticrelativity語言相對論[廖322]linguistictypology語言類型[廖332]linguisticuniversal(s)語言共性[廖329]linguistics語言學[廖274]linguisticstheories語言理論[廖274]linguistictheory語言理論[廖274]literarydiscourse文學體[廖124]liveconversation正在使用的交談[廖234]loanwords借詞[陶]localcoherence局部連貫[陳83]locativeadverb處所副詞[呂247]locutiveverbs表達動詞[廖360]logicpolarity邏輯極化[廖414]logic-pragmaticmapping邏輯-語用映射[廖361]logicalsense字義[廖361]loop閉合循環(huán)[陳50]lowvariety低變體[陶]loweringrules下降規(guī)則[呂247]Mmacrocontinuity宏觀連續(xù)性[陳187]macro-sociolinguistics宏觀社會語言學[陶]macrostructure宏觀結構[陳83]macrosyntacticconjunctions超句子的連詞[廖85]macrosyntacticuseofconjunctions連詞的超句子用法[廖90]maintenance維持，保持[陶]majorlanguage主要語言[陶]manneradverb狀態(tài)副詞[呂248]map地圖式,靜止定位式[廖161]mapping映射[廖365]marked有標記的,不自然的[廖317]markedness不自然性[317]marker標志項[陶]marketsegmentation市場分割[陶]Martha'sVineyard,Massachusetts（美國馬薩諸塞州）馬薩葡萄園島，馬島[陶]matchedguisetechnique配對變語法[陶]maxim準則[廖357363]maximization最廣泛的解釋[廖417]meaning語義[廖376]meansadverb手段副詞[呂248]means-endanalysis手段-目的分析[廖366]mentalmodel內心模型[廖400]mentalrepresentation心靈表象[廖436]mergerrules融合規(guī)則[呂248]meronymy部件結構,部件關系[廖410]message信息[呂248]內容[陶]metalanguage高一層次的語言[廖359]metaphor隱喻[廖432439]metaphoricalextension比喻引申[呂248]metaphoricalswitching喻義性轉換[陶]metareference自指[廖359]mrtareferentialconstituent自指成分[廖359]method方法[廖236]metonymy轉喻[廖432439]microcontinuity微觀連續(xù)性[陳187]micro-sociolinguistics微觀社會語言學,小社會語言學[陶]microanalysis微觀分析[陶]minorlanguage次要語言[陶]missinglink欠缺的環(huán)節(jié)[廖401]modality情態(tài)[廖430]mode方式[陳79]modal-lowering語氣下降[呂248]modality語氣[呂248]model-theoretic模型論[廖359]mode方式[陶]modeofaction行為方式[廖319]modeofmention表達方式[廖359]modestymaxim謙虛的準則[廖369]modern現(xiàn)代[陶]modifier修飾語[呂248]modularity模塊性[陳96]modumonogenesis單一祖語論[廖328]monologue獨白[廖234236]mood語氣[廖420430]morphologicalcase詞形格[廖332]morphologicalcausative形態(tài)使成式[廖345]morphophonemicrule語素音位規(guī)則[陳42]motherese母親式語型[陶]motivating制導[陳75]move語步[陳76]movementrules移動規(guī)則[呂248]multi-dimensional多向/多維[呂248]multilingualism多語[陶]multiple-clauserules多小句規(guī)則[呂248]Nnarrative記敘體[廖124236]nationallanguage國語[陶]nationalofficiallanguage本國官方語言[陶]nativespeaker講本族語人[陳24]NaturalCommunicativeConcentration自然交際聚合體[陶]naturalphonology自然語音系統(tǒng)學[廖318]naturaltaxonomy自然分類結構[廖409]nearuniversals近似共性[廖352]Nederlands荷蘭語的奈德蘭茲語[陶]negationoperator否定因子[呂248]negativeface消極面子[陶]negative-fronting否定移前[呂248]negative-lowering否定下降[呂249]negligibility可忽略性[廖27]Neogrammarianprinciple規(guī)則性原理[陶]neogrammarians新語法學派[陳6]neo-linguistics新語言學派[廖305]NetworkAnalysis網絡分析[陶]neutralization消失[廖315]new新的[廖399]newinformation新的信息[陳78187234]node結[呂249]nominalanaphora名詞性回指[陳181]nominalkind名義上的類[廖409]nominalization名詞化[呂249]nominationtheory命名理論[陳95]nominative主格[陳108]nominative-accussativesystem主-賓格系統(tǒng)[廖333]nonceborrowing一次借詞[陶]non-assertive非斷言的[廖425]non-existence述無[陳217]non-factive非事實[廖425]non-factuality非事實性[廖419]non-finite非定[廖424]non-focus非焦點[廖332]nonidentifiable不定指[陳119]non-implicationaluniversals非蘊含共性[廖328]non-linguisticcontext非語言環(huán)境[陳23125]non-referential無所指[廖42][陳119167]nonspecific虛指[陳119]norm規(guī)范[陳105]norms交流中的行為規(guī)范[陶]normselection標準的選擇[陶]notationsystem符號系統(tǒng)[廖314]novice初等[陶]NPaccessbilityhierarchy名詞的優(yōu)先順序[廖197]nucleus調核[陳235]numberagreement數(shù)的一致[廖347]Nynorsk新挪威語[陶]Oobject-fronting賓語移前[呂249]obliqueclauses修飾小句[廖426]obliqueobject其他間接賓語[廖346]officiallanguage官方，正式語言[陶]officiallyabsent出入意外[陶]onomasiology專名學[陳95]onomatopoetic擬聲詞[陳96]open-endedness敞開性[呂249]opennetwork開放網絡[陶]operand操作數(shù)[廖336]operator操作符[廖336]因子[呂249]operation操作[陳45]operationaldefinition操作定義[陶]orderedheterogeneity有序異質性[陶]orthography正字法[呂249]overlap同時發(fā)話[陶]overlappingantonyms重疊兩極詞[廖412]Rrace種族[陶]raisingrule提升規(guī)則[呂251]raising-to-object提升為賓語[呂252]raising-to-subject提升為主語[呂252]rank級別[廖319]rank-shifting調級[呂252]rank-terms等級詞[廖411]reactiveexpression起應對作用的慣用表達式[陶]reactivetoken反饋形式，反應詞語[陶]real真[廖427]realtime真實時間[陶]ReceivedPronunciation(RP)（英語的）標準發(fā)音[陶]recessive隱性[陳115]reciprocalconstruction相互結構[呂252]recover找回[廖]recursive遞歸[陳196]recycle話題重提[陶]reducedmainclauses弱化了的主句[廖85]reductionist簡化式[陳112]reference指稱[廖395]referencediscourse事實體[廖124]referent所指對象[陳22120182]referential有所指[廖40][陳119168]referentialidentity指同[廖451]referentialopacity所指不明確性[廖359]referentialtracking指示追蹤[廖237]referringexpression指示表達法[呂252]reflexive反身[呂252]regionalofficiallanguage區(qū)域性官方語言[陶]register語域,行話[陶]regulativeinformation調節(jié)信息[陶]regulativeprinciple管制原則[廖373]regularity規(guī)律/規(guī)律性[廖394][陳64182]relationalgrammar關系語法[廖316322]relationalhierarchy關系等級[廖344]relativeclauses關系子句[廖342]關系小句[呂252]relativize關系子句化[廖343]relevant相關[陶]repertoire交際語庫[陶]repetition重復式[陶]report報導[廖421]reporting報道框架[陶]representation表達[廖401]representationfunction表意功能[廖313]resolution支配[陳42]restrictedcode有限語碼[陶]restrictiverelativeclause限制性關系小句[呂252]resumptiveopenner承上啟下式[陶]reversal倒轉[陶]reversive反向關系[廖412]reversives反向詞[廖413]rheme未知的,陳述[廖357]述位[陳5678]rhetoric修辭[廖357]rhythm節(jié)律[陳78]rituel禮儀性[陳106]rule規(guī)則[陳64182]rule-governed受規(guī)則支配[呂252]rulegovernment規(guī)則支配[呂252]ruleofrapport和睦原則[陶]ruleordering規(guī)則編次[呂252]rulinglanguage統(tǒng)治語言[陶]Ssaliency顯著度,顯著性[廖218328]sample樣本[陶]Sapir-WhorfHypothysis薩丕爾－沃爾夫假說[陶]satisfactive滿足關系[廖412]scalar層第現(xiàn)象[陶]scenario架構[廖400]腳本[陳95]scene情景[陳82]schema綱要[廖400436]語式[陳84]schematicorganization語式組織[陳74]schematicrepresentation概括表象[廖435]schoolsoflinguistics語言學的流派[廖305]scope管界[廖451]script計劃藍本,劇本,情節(jié)[廖376400438]腳本[陳82]知識框架，知識腳本[陶]secondpairpart下聯(lián)[陶]secondarytense次級時制[陳173]selectionalrestriction選擇性限制[廖408]self-contained自足[陶]self-embedding自身嵌入[呂252]semanticcategories語義類[呂252]semanticcoherence語義連貫[廖236]semanticcomponent語義成分[廖417]semanticconstant語義常量[呂252]semanticconstituent語義成分[廖404]semanticconstraints語義約束[呂252]semanticevidence語義驗證[呂252]semanticfeature語義要素[廖417]semanticfunction語義功能[呂252]semanticinterpretation語義解釋[呂253]semanticmemory語義記憶[廖376]semanticrepressentation語義表達式[廖365]語義示意[呂252]semanticroles語義角色[廖332]semanticstructure語義結構[呂253]semantictrait語義特征[廖404]semi-linguals半語講話人[陶]semi-meronym半部件詞[廖407]sense字義,用義,義素[廖47357365376405]sense-spectrum義素連續(xù)體[廖406]sentence句子[廖236420][陳63][呂253]sentencepattern句型[呂253]sentencetype句類[呂253]sententialadverb全句副詞[呂253]sententialcode-switching句間轉換[陶]sententialcomplement句形補語[呂253]separationalfunction分離功能[呂253]seque