大學英語課件jph

/In1611,JohnDonnewrote"AValediction:ForbiddingMourning"tohiswife,AnneMoreDonne,tocomfortherwhilehewasinFranceconductinggovernmentbusinessandsheremainedhomeinMitcham,England,aboutsevenmilesfromLondon.Thetitlesays,in?essence,"Whenwepart,wemustnotmourn."ValedictionisderivedfromtheLatinverbvaledicere,meaningtosayfarewell.(AnotherEnglishwordderivedfromthesameLatinverbisvaledictorian,referringtoastudentscholarwhodeliversafarewelladdressatagraduationceremony.)Thepoemthenexplainsthatamaudlinshowofemotionwouldcheapentheirlove,reduceittotheleveloftheordinaryandmundane.Theirlove,afterall,istranscendent,heavenly.Otherhusbandsandwiveswhoknowonlyphysical,earthlylove,weepandsobwhentheyseparateforatimebecausetheydreadthelossofphysicalcloseness.ButbecauseDonneandhiswifehaveaspiritual,aswellasphysical,dimensiontotheirlove,theywillneverreallybeapart,hesays,fortheirsoulswillremainunited–eventhoughtheirbodiesareseparated–untilhereturnstoEngland.????JohnandAnneMoreDonne?JohnDonne(1572-1631)wasoneofEngland'sgreatestandmostinnovativepoets.HeworkedforatimeassecretarytoSirThomasEdgerton,theKeeperoftheGreatSealofEngland.WhenhefellinlovewithAnneMore(1584-1617),thenieceofEdgerton'ssecondwife,heknewEdgertonandAnn'sfather–SirGeorgeMore,ChancelloroftheGarter–woulddisapproveoftheirmarriage.Nevertheless,hemarriedheranyway,in1601,theyearsheturned17.Asaresult,helosthisjobandwasjailedforabrieftime.Lifewashardforthemoverthenextdecade,butin1611SirRobertDrurybefriendedhimandtookDonneonadiplomaticmissionwithhimtoFranceandothercountries.Donne'sseparationfromhiswifeatthistimeprovidedhimtheoccasionforwriting"AValediction:ForbiddingMourning."Anneborehimtwelvechildren–fiveofwhomdiedveryyoungoratbirth–beforeshediedin1617."Valediction"asaMetaphysicalPoem?Somescholarsclassify"AValediction:ForbiddingMourning"asametaphysicalpoem;Donnehimselfdidnotusethatterm.Amongthecharacteristicsofametaphysicalpoemarethefollowing:*Startlingcomparisonsorcontrastsofametaphysical(spiritual,transcendent,abstract)qualitytoaconcrete(physical,tangible,sensible)object.In"AValediction:ForbiddingMourning,"Donnecomparestheloveheshareswithhiswifetoacompass.(SeeStanza7ofthepoem).*Mockeryofidealized,sentimentalromanticpoetry,asinStanza2ofthepoem.*Grossexaggeration(hyperbole).*Presentationofalogicalargument.Donnearguesthatheandhiswifewillremaintogetherspirituallyeventhoughtheyareapartphysically.*Expressionofpersonal,privatefeelings,suchasthoseDonneexpressesin"AValediction:ForbiddingMourning."PublicationInformation?"AValediction:ForbiddingMourning"wasfirstpublishedin1633,twoyearsafterDonnedied,inapoetrycollectionentitledSongsandSonnets.FiguresofSpeech?Donnereliesprimarilyonextendedmetaphorstoconveyhismessage.First,hecompareshisseparationfromhiswifetotheseparationofaman'ssoulfromhisbodywhenhedies(Stanza1).Thebodyrepresentsphysicallove;thesoulrepresentsspiritualorintellectuallove.WhileDonneandhiswifeareapart,theycannotexpressphysicallove;thus,theyarelikethebodyofthedeadman.However,Donnesays,theyremainunitedspirituallyandintellectuallybecausetheirsoulsareone.So,Donnecontinues,heandhiswifeshouldlettheirphysicalbond"melt"whentheypart(Line5).Hefollowsthatmetaphorwithothers,sayingtheyshouldnotcrysentimental"tear-floods"orindulgein"sigh-tempests"(Line6)whentheysayfarewell.Suchbasesentimentalitywouldcheapentheirrelationship.Healsocompareshimselfandhiswifetocelestialspheres,suchasthesunandothersstars,fortheirloveissoprofoundthatitexistsinahigherplanethantheloveofthelaity(Line8),husbandsandwiveswhoselovecenterssolelyonphysicalpleasureswhich,tobeenjoyed,requirethatthemanandwomanalwaysremaintogether,physically.Finally,Donnecompareshisrelationshipwithhiswifetothatofthetwolegsofadrawingcompass.Althoughthelegsareseparatecomponentsofthecompass,theyarebothpartofthesameobject.Thelegsoperateinunison.Iftheouterlegtracesacircle,theinnerleg–thoughitspointisfixedatthecenter–mustpivotinthedirectionoftheouterleg.Thus,Donnesays,thoughheandhiswifeareseparated,likethelegsofthecompass,theyremainunitedbecausetheyarepartofthesamesoul.Alliteration(Line3):Whilstsomeoftheirsadfriendsdosay?Alliteration(Lines):Thyfirmnessmakesmycirclejust,/AndmakesmeendwhereIbegun.??Simile(Stanza6):Observationthatthe"expansion"oftheirspiritualunityis"likegoldtoaerythinnessbeat."Theme?Real,completeloveunitesnotonlythebodiesofahusbandandwifebutalsotheirsouls.Suchspiritualloveistranscendent,metaphysical,keepingtheloverstogetherintellectuallyandspirituallyeventhoughthecircumstancesofeverydaylifemayseparatetheirbodies.RhymeSchemeandMeter?Thelastsyllableinthefirstandthirdlinesofeachstanzarhyme,asdothesecondandfourthlinesofeachstanza.Themeterisiambictetrameter,witheightsyllables(fourfeet)perline.Eachfoot,orpairofsyllables,consistsofanunstressedsyllablefollowedbyastressedsyllable.Thefirsttwolinesofthesecondstanzademonstratethismetricpattern:1???????..2?34?SoLET|usMELT|andMAKE|noNOISE???1????..2???3?4?NoTEAR-|floodsNOR|sigh-TEMP?|ests-MOVEExplanation.GoodmendiepeacefullybecausetheylivedalifethatpleasedGod.Theyacceptdeathwithoutcomplaining,sayingitistimefortheirsoulstomoveontoeternity.Meanwhile,someoftheirsadfriendsatthebedsideacknowledgedeathasimminent,andsomesay,no,hemayliveawhilelonger.???.Well,Anne,becauseIwillbeinFranceandothercountriesforatimewhileyouremainhomeinEngland,wemustacceptourseparationinthesamewaythatvirtuousdyingmenquietlyaccepttheseparationoftheirsoulsfromtheirbodies.Whilethephysicalbondthatunitesusmelts,wemustnotcrystormsoftears.Todosowouldbetodebaseourlove,makingitdependentirelyonflesh,asdoestheloveofsomanyordinarypeople(laity)forwhomlovedoesnotextendbeyondphysicalattraction.（1-3）..Earthquakes(movingofth'earth)frightenpeople,whowonderatthecauseandthemeaningofthem.However,themovementsofthesunandotherheavenlybodies(trepidationofthespheres)causenofear,forsuchmovementsarenaturalandharmless.Theybringaboutthechangesoftheseasons.?.YouandIareliketheheavenlybodies;ourmovements–ourtemporaryseparations–causenoexcitement.Ontheotherhand,thosewhounitethemselvessolelythroughthesensesandnotalsothroughthesoularenotliketheheavenlybodies.Theyinhabitregionsthataresublunary(belowthemoon)andcannotenduremovementsthatseparate.Bycontrast,ourloveissorefined,sootherworldly,thatitcanstillsurvivewithouttheclosenessofeyes,lips,andhands.（4-5）Thepointisthis:Eventhoughourbodiesbecomeseparatedandmustliveapartforatimeindifferentpartsoftheworld,oursoulsremainunited.Infact,thespiritualbondthatunitesus?actuallyexpands;itislikegoldwhich,whenbeatenwithahammer,widensandlengthens.??Anne,youandIarelikethepointedlegsofacompass(picturedatrightinaphotographprovidedcourtesyofWikipedia),usedtodrawcirclesandarcs.Onepointedleg,yours,remainsfixedatthecenter.Butwhentheotherpointedleg,mine,movesinacircleoranarc,yourlegalsoturnseventhoughthepointofitremainsfixedatthecenterofmycircle.YourpositiontherehelpsmecompletemycirclesothatIendupwhere（6）"AValediction:forbiddingMourning"SummaryThespeakerexplainsthatheisforcedtospendtimeapartfromhislover,butbeforeheleaves,hetellsherthattheirfarewellshouldnotbetheoccasionformourningandsorrow.Inthesamewaythatvirtuousmendiemildlyandwithoutcomplaint,hesays,sotheyshouldleavewithout"tear-floods"and"sigh-tempests,"fortopubliclyannouncetheirfeelingsinsuchawaywouldprofanetheirlove.Thespeakersaysthatwhentheearthmoves,itbrings"harmsandfears,"butwhenthespheresexperience"trepidation,"thoughtheimpactisgreater,itisalsoinnocent.Theloveof"dullsublunarylovers"cannotsurviveseparation,butitremovesthatwhichconstitutestheloveitself;buttheloveheshareswithhisbelovedissorefinedand"Inter-assuredofthemind"thattheyneednotworryaboutmissing"eyes,lips,andhands."Thoughhemustgo,theirsoulsarestillone,and,therefore,theyarenotenduringabreach,theyareexperiencingan"expansion";inthesamewaythatgoldcanbestretchedbybeatingit"toaerythinness,"thesoultheysharewillsimplystretchtotakeinallthespacebetweenthem.Iftheirsoulsareseparate,hesays,theyarelikethefeetofacompass:Hislover'ssoulisthefixedfootinthecenter,andhisisthefootthatmovesaroundit.Thefirmnessofthecenterfootmakesthecirclethattheouterfootdrawsperfect:"Thyfirmnessmakesmycirclejust,/Andmakesmeend,whereIbegun."FormTheninestanzasofthisValedictionarequitesimplecomparedtomanyofDonne'spoems,whichutilizestrangemetricalpatternsoverlaidjarringlyonregularrhymeschemes.Here,eachfour-linestanzaisquiteunadorned,withanABABrhymeschemeandaniambictetrametermeter.Commentary"AValediction:forbiddingMourning"isoneofDonne'smostfamousandsimplestpoemsandalsoprobablyhismostdirectstatementofhisidealofspirituallove.Forallhiseroticcarnalityinpoems,suchas"TheFlea,"Donneprofessedadevotiontoakindofspirituallovethattranscendedthemerelyphysical.Here,anticipatingaphysicalseparationfromhisbeloved,heinvokesthenatureofthatspirituallovetowardoffthe"tear-floods"and"sigh-tempests"thatmightotherwiseattendontheirfarewell.Thepoemisessentiallyasequenceofmetaphorsandcomparisons,eachdescribingawayoflookingattheirseparationthatwillhelpthemtoavoidthemourningforbiddenbythepoem'stitle.First,thespeakersaysthattheirfarewellshouldbeasmildastheuncomplainingdeathsofvirtuousmen,fortoweepwouldbe"profanationofourjoys."Next,thespeakercomparesharmful"Movingofth'earth"toinnocent"trepidationofthespheres,"equatingthefirstwith"dullsublunarylovers'love"andthesecondwiththeirlove,"Inter-assuredofthemind."Liketherumblingearth,thedullsublunary(sublunarymeaningliterallybeneaththemoonandalsosubjecttothemoon)loversareallphysical,unabletoexperienceseparationwithoutlosingthesensationthatcomprisesandsustainstheirlove.Butthespirituallovers"Careless,eyes,lips,andhandstomiss,"because,likethetrepidation(vibration)ofthespheres(theconcentricglobesthatsurroundedtheearthinancientastronomy),theirloveisnotwhollyphysical.Also,likethetrepidationofthespheres,theirmovementwillnothavetheharmfulconsequencesofanearthquake.Thespeakerthendeclaresthat,sincethelovers'twosoulsareone,hisdeparturewillsimplyexpandtheareaoftheirunifiedsoul,ratherthancauseariftbetweenthem.If,however,theirsoulsare"two"insteadof"one",theyareasthefeetofadrafter'scompass,connected,withthecenterfootfixingtheorbitoftheouterfootandhelpingittodescribeaperfectcircle.Thecompass(theinstrumentusedfordrawingcircles)isoneofDonne'smostfamousmetaphors,anditistheperfectimagetoencapsulatethevaluesofDonne'sspirituallove,whichisbalanced,symmetrical,intellectual,serious,andbeautifulinitspolishedsimplicity.LikemanyofDonne'slovepoems(including"TheSunRising"and"TheCanonization"),"AValediction:forbiddingMourning"createsadichotomybetweenthecommonloveoftheeverydayworldandtheuncommonloveofthespeaker.Here,thespeakerclaimsthattotell"thelaity,"orthecommonpeople,ofhislovewouldbetoprofaneitssacrednature,andheisclearlycontemptuousofthedullsublunaryloveofotherlovers.TheeffectofthisdichotomyistocreateakindofemotionalaristocracythatissimilarinformtothepoliticalaristocracywithwhichDonnehashadpainfullybadluckthroughouthislifeandwhichhecommenteduponinpoems,suchas"TheCanonization":Thisemotionalaristocracyissimilarinformtothepoliticalonebututterlyopposedtoitinspirit.Fewinnumberaretheemotionalaristocratswhohaveaccesstothespiritualloveofthespheresandthecompass;throughoutallofDonne'swriting,themembershipofthiseliteneverincludesmorethanthespeakerandhislover--oratthemost,thespeaker,hislover,andthereaderofthepoem,whoiscalledupontosympathizewithDonne'sromanticplight.JohnDonnewasborninBreadStreet,Londonin1572toaprosperousRomanCatholicfamily-aprecariousthingatatimewhenanti-CatholicsentimentwasrifeinEngland.Hisfather,JohnDonne,wasawell-to-doironmongerandcitizenofLondon.Donne'sfatherdiedsuddenlyin1576,andleftthethreechildrentoberaisedbytheirmother,Elizabeth,whowasthedaughterofepigrammatistandplaywrightJohnHeywoodandarelativeofSirThomasMore.[Familytree.]Donne'sfirstteacherswereJesuits.Attheageof11,DonneandhisyoungerbrotherHenrywereenteredatHartHall,UniversityofOxford,whereDonnestudiedforthreeyears.HespentthenextthreeyearsattheUniversityofCambridge,buttooknodegreeateitheruniversitybecausehewouldnottaketheOathofSupremacyrequiredatgraduation.HewasadmittedtostudylawasamemberofThaviesInn(1591)andLincoln'sInn(1592),anditseemednaturalthatDonneshouldembarkuponalegalordiplomaticcareer.In1593,Donne'sbrotherHenrydiedofafeverinprisonafterbeingarrestedforgivingsanctuarytoaproscribedCatholicpriest.ThismadeDonnebegintoquestionhisfaith.Hisfirstbookofpoems,Satires,writtenduringthisperiodofresidenceinLondon,isconsideredoneofDonne'smostimportantliteraryefforts.Althoughnotimmediatelypublished,thevolumehadafairlywidereadershipthroughprivatecirculationofthemanuscript.Samewasthecasewithhislovepoems,SongsandSonnets,assumedtobewrittenataboutthesametimeastheSatires.Havinginheritedaconsiderablefortune,young"JackDonne"spenthismoneyonwomanizing,onbooks,atthetheatre,andontravels.HehadalsobefriendedChristopherBrooke,apoetandhisroommateatLincoln'sInn,andBenJonsonwhowaspartofBrooke'scircle.In1596,DonnejoinedthenavalexpeditionthatRobertDevereux,2ndEarlofEssex,ledagainstCádiz,Spain.?In1597,DonnejoinedanexpeditiontotheDonnewasbeginningapromisingcareer.In1601,DonnebecameMPforBrackley,andsatinQueenElizabeth'slastParliament.Butinthesameyear,hesecretlymarriedLadyEgerton'sniece,seventeen-year-oldAnneMore,daughterofSirGeorgeMore,LieutenantoftheTower,andeffectivelycommittedcareersuicide.Donnewrotetothelividfather,saying:"Sir,IacknowledgemyfaulttobesogreatasIdarescarceofferanyotherprayertoyouinmineownbehalfthanthis,tobelievethatIneitherhaddishonestendnormeans.ButforherwhomItendermuchmorethanmyfortunesorlife(elseIwould,Imightneitherjoyinthislifenorenjoythenext)Ihumblybegofyouthatshemaynot,toherdanger,feeltheterrorofyoursuddenanger."1SirGeorgehadDonnethrowninFleetPrisonforsomeweeks,alongwithhiscohortsSamuelandChristopherBrookewhohadaidedthecouple'sclandestineaffair.Donnewasdismissedfromhispost,andforthenextdecadehadtostrugglenearpovertytosupporthisgrowingfamily.Donnelatersummeduptheexperience:"JohnDonne,AnneDonne,Undone."Anne'scousinofferedthecouplerefugeinPyrford,Surrey,andthecouplewashelpedbyfriendslikeLadyMagdalenHerbert,GeorgeHerbert'smother,andLucy,CountessofBedford,womenwhoalsoplayedaprominentroleinDonne'sliterarylife.ThoughDonnestillhadfriendsleft,thesewerebitteryearsforamanwhoknewhimselftobetheintellectualsuperiorofmost,knewhecouldhaverisentothehighestposts,andyetfoundnopreferment.?Itwasnotuntil1609thatareconciliationwaseffectedbetweenDonneandhisfather-in-law,andSirGeorgeMorewasfinallyinducedtopayhisdaughter'sdowry.Intheinterveningyears,Donnepractisedlaw,buttheywereleanyearsfortheDonnes.DonnewasemployedbythereligiouspamphleteerThomasMorton,laterBishopofDurham.ItispossiblethatDonneco-wroteorghost-wrotesomeofMorton'spamphlets(1604-1607).Tothisperiod,beforereconciliationwithhisinlaws,belongDonne'sDivinePoems(1607)andBiathanatos(pub.1644),aradicalpieceforitstime,inwhichDonnearguesthatsuicideisnotasininitself.AsDonneapproachedforty,hepublishedtwoanti-CatholicpolemicsPseudo-Martyr(1610)andIgnatiushisConclave(1611).TheywerefinalpublictestimonyofDonne'srenunciationoftheCatholicfaith.Pseudo-Martyr,whichheldthatEnglishCatholicscouldpledgeanoathofallegiancetoJamesI,KingofEngland,withoutcompromisingtheirreligiousloyaltytothePope,wonDonnethefavoroftheKing.InreturnforpatronagefromSirRobertDruryofHawstead,hewroteAFunerallElegie(1610),onthedeathofSirRobert's15-year-olddaughterElizabeth.Atthistime,theDonnestookresidenceonDruryLane.?ThetwoAnniversaries—AnAnatomyoftheWorld(1611)andOftheProgressoftheSoul(1612)continuedthepatronage.SirRobertencouragedthepublicationofthepoems:TheFirstAnniversarywaspublishedwiththeoriginalelegyin1611,andbothwerereissuedwithTheSecondAnniversaryin1612.DonnehadrefusedtotakeAnglicanordersin1607,butKingJamespersisted,finallyannouncingthatDonnewouldreceivenopostorprefermentfromtheKing,unlessinthechurch.In1615,DonnereluctantlyenteredtheministryandwasappointedaRoyalChaplainlaterthatyear.In1616,hewasappointedReaderinDivinityatLincoln'sInn(CambridgehadconferredthedegreeofDoctorofDivinityonhimtwoyearsearlier).Donne'sstyle,fullofelaboratemetaphorsandreligioussymbolism,hisflairfordrama,hiswidelearningandhisquickwitsoonestablishedhimasoneofthegreatestpreachersoftheera.JustasDonne'sfortunesseemedtobeimproving,AnneDonnedied,on15August,1617,agedthirty-three,aftergivingbirthtotheirtwelfthchild,astillborn.Sevenoftheirchildrensurvivedtheirmother'sdeath.Struckbygrief,DonnewrotetheseventeenthHolySonnet,"SinceshewhomIlov'dhathpaidherlastdebt."AccordingtoDonne'sfriendandbiographer,IzaakWalton,Donnewasthereafter'crucifiedtotheworld'.Donnecontinuedtowritepoetry,notablyhisHolySonnets(1618),butthetimeforlovesongswasover.In1618,DonnewentaschaplainwithViscountDoncasterinhisembassytotheGermanprinces.HisHymntoChristattheAuthor'sLastGoingintoGermany,writtenbeforethejourney,isladenwithapprehensionofdeath.DonnereturnedtoLondonin1620,andwasappointedDeanofSaintPaul'sin1621,aposthehelduntilhisdeath.Donneexcelledathispost,andwasatlastfinanciallysecure.In1623,Donne'seldestdaughter,Constance,marriedtheactorEdwardAlleyn,then58.Donne'sprivatemeditations,DevotionsuponEmergentOccasions,writtenwhilehewasconvalescingfromaseriousillness,werepublishedin1624.?ThemostfamousoftheseisundoubtedlyMeditation17,whichincludestheimmortallines"Nomanisanisland"and"neversendtoknowforwhomthebelltolls;Ittollsforthee."?In1624,DonnewasmadevicarofStDunstan's-in-the-West.OnMarch27,1625,JamesIdied,andDonnepreachedhisfirstsermonforCharlesI.Butforhisailinghealth,(hehadmouthsoresandhadexperiencedsignificantweightloss)Donnealmostcertainlywouldhavebecomeabishopin1630.Obsessedwiththeideaofdeath,Donneposedinashroud-thepaintingwascompletedafewweeksbeforehisdeath,andlaterusedtocreateaneffigy.Healsopreachedwhatwascalledhisownfuneralsermon,Death'sDuel,justafewweeksbeforehediedinLondononMarch31,1631.ThelastthingDonnewrotejustbeforehisdeathwasHymnetoGod,myGod,InmySicknesse.?Donne'smonument,inhisshroud,survivedtheGreatFireofLondonandcanstillbeseentodayatSt.Paul's.WzDD'sHSCInfo:2UnitRelatedEnglish:JohnDonneAValediction:forbiddingmourning Asvirtousmenpassemildly'away, Andwhispertotheirsoules,togoe, Whilstsomeoftheirsadfriendsdoesay, Thebreathgoesnow,andsomesay,no: Soletusmelt,andmakenonoise, Noteare-floods,norsigh-tempestsmove, 'Twereprophanationofourjoyes Totellthelayetieourlove. Movingofth'earthbringsharmesandfeares, Menreckonwhatitdidandmeant, Buttrepidationofthespheares, Thoughgreaterfarre,isinnocent. Dullsublunaryloverslove (Whosesouleissense)cannotadmit Absence,becauseitdothremove Thosethingswhichelementedit. Butwebya'love,somuchrefin'd Thatweourselvesknownotwhatitis, Inter-assuredofthemind, Carelesse,eyes,lips,andhndstomisse. Ourtwosoulestherefore,whichareone, ThoughImustgoe,endurenotyet Abreach,butanexpansion, Likegoldtoayerythinnessebeate. Iftheybetwo,theyaretwoso Asstiffetwincompassesaretwo, Thysoulethefixtfoot,makesnoshow Tomove,butdoth,ifthe'otherdoe. Andthoughitinthecentersit, Yetwhentheotherfardothrome, Itleanes,andhearkensafterit, Andgroweserect,asitcomeshome. Suchwiltthoubetomee,whomust Liketh'otherfoor,obliquelyrunne; Thyfirmnesmakesmycirclejust, Andmakesmeend,whereIbegunne. GlossaryValediction-afarewell,butastrongermeaningthanthat:Valedictionsforpeoplearereadatfunerals,etc,andtiesinwiththefirststanza.

Prophanation-sacreligious

Layetie-commonpeople.Alsohasreligiousconnotations;seebelow.

Trepidation-movement.Alsoimpliescautious,silentmovement.Alsoimpliesanirregularityofmovement.

Elemented-instigated,started,constructed.Alsotiesinwiththeother"element"imageryinthepoem;seebelow.OverallExplanationThisisa"classic"Donnepoem.Init,heshowsoffhisvastknowledgeofeverythingfromalchemytoastronomy,andputshismostfamoustechnique,theconceit,togreatuse.ThereisarumorthatthispoemwaswrittenbyDonnetohiswife,beforehewentawayonalongholidaywithhisfriends,leavingherathome.Itisimpossibletoprove,anddoesn'treallymatter.Iwill,however,refertothetwocharactersinthepoemasDonneandhiswifeinthesecomments.Donne'sbasicargumentwasthatmostpeople'srelationshipsarebuiltonpurelysensualthings-iftheyarenottogetheratalltimes,therelationshipbreaksdown.Donneassertsthatthelovebetweenhimandhiswifeisdifferent-itisnotapurelysensualrelationship,butsomethingdeeper,a"loveofthemind"ratherthana"loveofthebody".Thislove,hesays,canendureeventhoughsometimestheloverscannotbeclosetoeachotheratalltimes.Donneusessomeveryevocativeimageryinthispoem.Firstofall,thepartingoftwoloverslikeDonneandhiswifeislikenedtothedeathofavirtuousman.Asavirtuousmandies,heknowsthathehasreconciledhimselftoGodandwillthereforebeacceptedintoheaven.Thushediesinpeaceandcalm,andthepeoplesurroundinghimathisdeathbeadaresad,butnotanguished.Inthesameway,whentwovirtuousloverspart,thereisnopain,becausetheyknowthateachwillbetruetotheother,evenwhentheyareapart.Thepeoplesurroundingthedyingmanarequietpartlysoasnottodisturbhim-inthesameway,Donnesaysthattoomuchoutwardshowofemotiononthepartofoneloverwouldjustdisturbtheother.Donneisthenverydisparagingoftheloveoftherestofthepopulation.Thewailsandscreamsandtearsthat"ordinary"loversdisplaywhentheymustpartisshowntobesimplyanact,withnorealemotioninit.Theloversarethenlikenedtoplanetarybodies.Insuchaway,Donneplacesthemabovethe"mortalearth".Unlikenaturaldisasters,whichareunpredictableandchaotic,themovementoftheplanetsispeacefulandcalm,eventhoughtheplanetsmovemuchfurther.Donne'smostfamousconceitisthenintroduced.Thetwoloversarelikenedtothetwopointsofacompass.Atfirstthisseemsridiculous,butDonneshowshowitmakessense.Theideaofthewifestayingandmindingthehousewhilethehusbandgoesawayisold-fashionednow,butwecanstillcomprehendit.Thereisalotmoreexplanationofthe"compass"conceitbelow.PoeticDevicesBallad-likefour-linestanzashelptocreatethegently,slowlymoving"feel"ofthepoem.Therhymeschemeisconsistentandpredictableallthewaythrough,aswell.The"mood"ofthispoemisindirectcontrasttothatof"TheApparition",whichisverymuch"rawemotion".Herethereisemotion,butitisconfinedtothe"layetie"-theordinaryloverswhocannotstandparting.Conceitsused:Donneandwife>celestialbodies>thepointsofacompass.Theweddingring>thepathofaplanet>thealchemicalsymbolforgold>thepathtracedoutbyacompassTheemotionsofthecommonpeople>earthquakesandtempestsImagery/ReferencestoDonne'slearningThecircleMarriageringPathoftheplanets(Trepidationofthespheres)AlchemicalsymbolforgoldwasacirclewithapointinthecentrePathdescribedbyacompass.Verybroadrangeofknowledgedisplayed:PlanetarytrepidationEarthquakes,theloveof"sublunarylovers"Propertiesofgold-Goldisverymalleablewhichmeansitcanbebeatentoayerythinnesse.Thesymbolismofgoldisveryimportant,asitisalsothemostpreciousofallthemetals.Itisalsotheleastreactiveofallmetals,whichtiesinwithDonne'splacingoftheloversabovetheemotionallayetie.Intermsofalchemy,goldisalsothemostnobl