現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)講解例題練習(xí)

....現(xiàn)在達(dá)成時(shí)先看幾個(gè)例句：1.Ihavecleanedmyroom.我已打掃了房間。2.Hehasn’tfinishedhishomework.他還沒達(dá)成作業(yè)。3.Haveyoureadthisnovel?你看過這本小說嗎？Yes,Ihave.是的，看過了。No,Ihaven’t.不，沒看過。WehavestudiedEnglishfortwoyears.我們已經(jīng)學(xué)了兩年英語(yǔ)了。5.Theyhaven’tseeneachothersince1998.自從1998年他們就沒再見過面。一、組成:肯定式：主語(yǔ)+助動(dòng)詞have/has+動(dòng)詞的過去分詞.疑問式：助動(dòng)詞Have/Has+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞的過去分詞否認(rèn)式:主語(yǔ)+助動(dòng)詞have/has+not+動(dòng)詞的過去分詞.例：Ihaveworkedherefor3years.否認(rèn)句：疑問句：回答：就劃線部分提問：過去分詞的組成分為規(guī)則變化和不規(guī)則變化兩種：規(guī)則變化:a)一般情況下，在動(dòng)詞后直接加ed,如play---played，work---worked，water---watered,finish---finished等;b)以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞,把y變成i再加ed,carry---carriedstudy---studied等;c)以一個(gè)輔音字母結(jié)尾的重讀閉音節(jié)的動(dòng)詞要雙寫最后一個(gè)輔音字母，再加ed如:stop---stopped，shop---shopped等。不規(guī)則變化：見一般過去時(shí)中間的不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞表二、用法：1.表示過去發(fā)生的某一動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果。Ihavecleanedmyroom.我已打掃了房間(房間現(xiàn)在是潔凈的，不需要打掃了)Theyhaveleft.--他們已經(jīng)走開了（也就是說現(xiàn)在他們?nèi)瞬辉谶@里）Ihavehadmylunch.--我已經(jīng)吃過午飯了（也就是說我現(xiàn)在不餓）2.表示過去已經(jīng)開始,持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài),IhavelearntEnglishformorethantenyears.我已經(jīng)學(xué)了10多年的英語(yǔ)。1/6....Shehasswumsincehalfanhourago.我已經(jīng)游泳了半個(gè)小時(shí)3表示人曾有過或到當(dāng)前為止從未有過的經(jīng)歷.Ihaveneverhadacar我從未有過汽車。Ihavebeentheretwice.我去過那兩次了。三、標(biāo)志詞①already,②never,③ever,④just,⑤yet,⑥before,⑦uptonow,⑧sofar,for⑾since標(biāo)志詞的區(qū)別1.for+一段時(shí)間Eg.Ihavebeenherefor5weeks.HehasstudiedEnglishfor3years.2.since+(表示過去某一時(shí)間的)時(shí)間點(diǎn)/單詞/詞組/從句(一般過去時(shí))Eg.Ihavebeenheresince2000.Ihavebeenheresince5yearsago.IhavebeenheresinceIgraduatedin2000.注2):對(duì)for或since引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)提問必須用howlong,決不能用when.Howlonghaveyoulivedhere?Eg.Ihavelivedherefor10years.注3):短暫性動(dòng)詞不能和表示一段時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用,自然也不能用于howlong引導(dǎo)的問句中Eg.(誤)Ihavelefttherefor5years.(正)Ihavebeenawaytherefor5years.采用for和since填空:1.Wehaven’tseeneachother______alongtime.2.HisfatherhasbeenintheParty______10yearsago.2/6....3.Thefilmhasbeenon______20minutes.4.MrGreenhasworkedhere______hecametoChina.5.Hisgrandparentshavebeendead______severalyears.6.It’sfiveyears_______wemetlasttime.a）already往往用于肯定句，用在疑問句時(shí)表示強(qiáng)調(diào)或加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣；yet用于否認(rèn)句和疑問句。?Hehasalreadylefthere.他已經(jīng)走開這里了。?Hashealreadylefthere?他（真的）已經(jīng)走開這里了嗎？（表示加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣）?Myteachershaven’thadbreakfastyet.我的老師們還沒有吃早飯。Haveyouwrittentoyourparentsyet?你已經(jīng)給你父親母親寫過信了嗎？b）never是否認(rèn)詞，表示“素來沒有”，而ever表示“曾經(jīng)”WehaveneverbeentotheGreatWall.我們素來沒有去過長(zhǎng)城。HaveyoueverbeentoCanada?你們?cè)?jīng)去過加拿大嗎？just用于句中,表示“剛才”Eg.I’vejusthadbreakfast.Whathavetheyjustdone?d.before在現(xiàn)在達(dá)成時(shí)中常用于句末,表示“從前”Eg.I’veseenitbefore.四、短暫性動(dòng)詞在肯定句、疑問句中不能與時(shí)間段連用，這些動(dòng)詞是：①become,②begin,③buy,④borrow,⑤come(go,arrive),⑥die,⑦finish,⑧join,⑨leave,●為了表述這種意思,我們常用相應(yīng)的延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞來代替短暫性動(dòng)詞。become→be,begin→beonborrow→keep,buy→have,come(go,arrive,get)→behere/there/in，die→bedead,finish→beover,join→bein（beamemberof）leave→beaway(from),五、與一般過去時(shí)的用法比較3/6....1現(xiàn)在達(dá)成時(shí)和一般過去時(shí)都是說過去的事情，但現(xiàn)在達(dá)成時(shí)注意的不是事情本身，而是強(qiáng)調(diào)事情與現(xiàn)在保持的某種親密聯(lián)系（如現(xiàn)在的結(jié)果，影響,一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在等）;而一般過去時(shí)，則只敘述發(fā)生在過去的動(dòng)作和事情與現(xiàn)在沒相關(guān)系,強(qiáng)調(diào)的是過去的情況。eg：HehasboughtanEnglish-Chinesedictionary.他已經(jīng)買了一本英漢詞典。HeboughtanEnglish-Chinesedictionary.他曾買過一本英漢詞典。第一句用現(xiàn)在達(dá)成時(shí)時(shí)態(tài)，想表達(dá)意為：“HeboughtanEnglish-Chinesedictionary.Andhestillhasit”“過去他買了一本英漢詞典，現(xiàn)在他還有這本詞典”。第二句用過去時(shí)只表達(dá)過去他買過一本英漢詞典這一事實(shí)，至于現(xiàn)在他是否有這本詞典并未強(qiáng)調(diào)說明。2．常與一般過去時(shí)連用的典型的表示過去時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ):yesterday(昨天),thedaybeforeyesterday(前天),justnow(方才)，時(shí)間+ago,last+時(shí)間等;eg:Theplanetookofftenminutesago.Wefinishedourtasklastweek.六、達(dá)成時(shí)辨析)have/hasgoneto，have/hasbeento和have/hasbeenin的區(qū)別have/hasgoneto:表示某人已經(jīng)去了某地現(xiàn)在還沒回來have/hasbeento:表示某人曾經(jīng)去過某地,但現(xiàn)在己經(jīng)不在某地.Have/hasbeenin:某人在某地WhereisMike?---Mikeandhisparents__________thenorthforhalfayear.Mumisnotathomenow.she_________theshop.______youever_____tokunming?Never.Where_____you______thesedays?HasJimarrivedyet?-----Yes,he_______hereforseveraldays.WhereisPeter?Idon’tknowwherehe________.HiJim!Where_____you_____?LiLeiislookingforyou.基礎(chǔ)題1.Howlonghaveyou_____here?4/6....A.comeB.gotC.arrivedD.been2.Mygrandpadied_____.A.attheageofmy2B.for2yearsC.whenIwas2D.myagewas63.Janehas_____toBeijing.Shewillcomebacktomorrow.A.beenB.goneC.wentD.neverbeen4.Itistenyears_____Ilastsawher.A.afterB.sinceC.forD.that5.TheSmiths_____inChinafor8years.A.haslivedB.livedC.havebeenD.live--Hello,thisisMr.Greenspeaking.CanIspeaktoMr.Black?--Sorry.He_____theBainiaoPark.A.hasbeentoB.hasgonetoC.wenttoD.willgoto7._____readingthebookyet?A.HaveyoufinishedB.WereyoufinishingC.HadyoufinishedD.AreyoufinishingOurteam_____everymatchsofarthisyear,butwestillhavethreegamestoplay.A.waswinningB.haswonC.hadwonD.wins提高題1.--WhowillgotothestationtomeetLorry?--Iwill.I_____herseveraltimes.A.metB.havemetC.hadmetD.willmeet--Whatanicedress!Howlong_____you_____it?--Just2weeks.A.will;buyB.did;buyC.are;havingD.have;had3.--DoyouknowLydiaverywell?--Yes,SheandI_____friendssincewewereveryyoung.A.havemadeB.havebecomeC.havebeenD.haveturned--____youever_____totheUS?--Yes,twice.A.Have;goneB.Have;beenC,Do;goD.were;going5.Sinceyoudon’twanttogo,I_____alone.A.willgoB.goC.wentD.havegone6.He_____inShanghaiin196o.A.livesB.livedC.haslivedD.islivingRobert_____inEnglandafewweeksago.A.arrivesB.hasarrivedC.couldarriveD.arrivedHowlong_____inFujian?A.hashearrivedB.didhearriveC.hashebeenD.arrivedJack_____alettertohisparentsrecently.A.writesB.wroteC.writeD.haswritten10.Shehasbeenhere_____.A.after1978B.for1978C.in1978D.since19785/6....中考題1.--Areyougoingtothebank,Laura?--No,I_____tothebankalready.[2011]A.havebeenB.havegoneC.amgoingD.hadbeen2.Sofarthisyear,manynewhouses_____inWenchuanwiththehelpofthegovernment.[2011資陽(yáng)]A.buildB.arebuiltC.willbuildD.havebeenbuiltMygrandmother_____alotofchangesinTianjinsinceshecamehere.[2011]A.seesB.canseeC.willseeD.hasseenI_____manynewfriendssinceIcamehere.[2011]A.makeB.madeC.willmakeD.havemade5.--Whywon'tyougotothemoviewithme,Gina?--BecauseI_____ittwice.[2011襄陽(yáng)]A.seeB.haveseenC.sawD.willsee6.--Where'syourfather,Tom?--He_____toChangsha.[2011永州]A.goesB.wentC.hasgone7.Mr.Whitecametoourschoolin2001,andsincethenhe_____usEnglish.[2011]A.teachesB.taughtC.hastaughtD.willteach8.--Chinadevelopssofast.--That'strue.