英語版中美文化差異

英語版中美文化差異SpringFestival

TheSpringFestivalfallsonthe1stdayofthe1stlunarmonth,oftenonemonthlaterthantheGregoriancalendar.ItoriginatedintheShangDynasty(c.1600BC-c.1100BC)fromthepeople'ssacrificetogodsandancestorsattheendofanoldyearandthebeginningofanewone.

Strictlyspeaking,theSpringFestivalstartseveryyearintheearlydaysofthe12thlunarmonthandwilllasttillthemid1stlunarmonthofthenextyear.Ofthem,themostimportantdaysareSpringFestivalEveandthefirstthreedays.TheChinesegovernmentnowstipulatespeoplehavesevendaysofffortheChineseLunarNewYear.

ManycustomsaccompanytheSpringFestival.Somearestillfollowedtoday,butothershaveweakened.SpringFestivalBeforetheNewYearcomes,thepeoplecompletelycleantheindoorsandoutdoorsoftheirhomesaswellastheirclothes,bedclothesandalltheirutensils.

Thenpeoplebegindecoratingtheircleanroomsfeaturinganatmosphereofrejoicingandfestivity.AllthedoorpanelswillbepastedwithSpringFestivalcouplets,highlightingChinesecalligraphywithblackcharactersonredpaper.Thecontentvariesfromhouseowners'wishesforabrightfuturetogoodluckfortheNewYear.Also,picturesofthegodofdoorsandwealthwillbepostedonfrontdoorstowardoffevilspiritsandwelcomepeaceandabundance.中國傳統(tǒng)節(jié)日傳統(tǒng)節(jié)日起源西方傳統(tǒng)節(jié)日傳統(tǒng)節(jié)日起源Thewaysoftakingcareofchildrenaredifferent

IntheUS,

childrenaremoreindependentTheyknowwhattobeatanearlyageAndplancarefullytoachievethegoalsInChina,ParentsusuallyprepareeverythingforusWhatweshoulddoistoacceptwithoutanydoubtWhichmeansrespectTheLeadingFigures

ConfuciusLaoZiShakyamuniConfucianismTaoismBuddhismConfucianism

Confucius

Confucianism(儒家;pinyin:Rújiā)isaChineseethicalandphilosophicalsystemdevelopedfromtheteachingsofConfucius(KǒngFūzǐ,lit."MasterKong",551–478BC).Itisacomplexsystemofmoral,social,political,philosophical,andquasi-religiousthoughtthathashadtremendousinfluenceonthecultureandhistoryofEastAsia.TeachingsofConfucianismThebasicclouofConfucianismstressestheimportanceoftheindividualmoraldevelopment,sothatthestatecanbegovernedbymoralvirtueratherthanbythelaws.Goldenmean(philosophy):thefelicitousmiddlebetweentheextremesofexcessanddeficiency“Ridthetwoends,takethemiddleone.”RelationshipsarecentraltoConfucianism.Particulardutiesarisefromone'sspecialsituationinrelationtoothers.Ren仁(benevolence,love)&Li禮(rites)---respectforthesystemofsocialhierarchy.TaoismLaoZi

Laozi(老子;pinyin:Lǎozǐ;)wasaphilosopherofChinaaround6thcenturyB.C.andisacentralfigureinTaoism.Laoziliterallymeans"OldMaster"andisgenerallyconsideredanhonorific.TaoismistheChinesereligionwhichbelievesinghostsandspirits.Itemphasizedcooperationwiththenaturalforces.TeachingsofTaoismWuwei(無為;

pinyin:wúwéi)isacentralconceptinTaoism.Theliteralmeaningofwuweiis"withoutaction".Itisoftenexpressedbytheparadoxweiwuwei,meaning"actionwithoutaction"or"effortlessdoing".剪紙PapercuttingPapercuttingisoneofChinesemostpopulartraditionalfolkarts.Thecolormostfrequentlyusedinpapercuttingisred,whichsymbolizeshealthandprosperityChristmastreesChristmastreeOntheChristmastreedecorationsandgifts,asymbolofauspiciousness

TheChristmastreeisapartoftheChristmascelebration

ThePalaceMuseumItreflectsFeudalritual,reflectsakingofsupremeauthority.

Foreignconstructionembodiesthefeatureofreligion

Different

Timeconscious

betweenChineseandwesterncountry.DifferentCultureDifferentTimeconsciousLeadto

InChinaMostpeopleareusedtoarrivinglatefor1to10minutes.Peopleareusedtodoingseveralthingsduringatime.InwesterncountryMostpeopleareusedtoarrivingpunctually.Peopleareusedtodoingonethingatatime.Thispicturecanrevealtheirdifferentattitudestotime.westerncountryChinaForthepeopleinWesterncountry,timeisthemoney.Thesearesomesayingabouttime.Timeandtidewaitfornoman.時(shí)不待人Don’ttrifleawayyourtime.(莫虛度光陰)Timeflies.(光陰似箭)Moneylost,littlelost;timelost,everythinglost.(失去金錢,損失很少;失去時(shí)間,失去一切。)DifferentSayingDifferentCulture,Addressing一位美國教授來華任教，她主動讓學(xué)生稱呼她的名字Mary，聲明不必以她的姓氏與頭銜相稱，如：Dr.Smith或Prof.Smith。不久，她和學(xué)生已相處很好，上門找她的學(xué)生絡(luò)繹不絕，使她應(yīng)接不暇，倍受侵?jǐn)_。有的學(xué)生見面時(shí)，與她開玩笑說：“中國菜好吃吧？瞧你胖了不少呢！”在路上，一些陌生人也對她大大咧咧地喊聲“Hello,Mary?！彼凉u漸地苦惱起來。文化差異：在美國，教授對學(xué)生，老板對雇員，甚至長輩對晚輩,常常主動要求以名相稱，以示關(guān)系隨和。但這是在他/她本人允許的前提下，而且是表面形式而已。如果素昧平生，毫無往來，或只是初打交道，冒然稱呼對方的名字，會給人“冒失鬼”、“粗魯漢”的印象。另外，對方平等待人、不拘身份，不等于可以讓人肆無忌憚，無拘無束，沒大沒小。相處時(shí)，嘴巴上以名相稱，心中仍應(yīng)記住對方的身份。在一些莊重場合，例如：老師和校長在一起時(shí)，學(xué)生對老師不能象往常那樣直呼其名，必須以“某某教授”或“某博士”相稱。英美人即使當(dāng)關(guān)系變得很熟悉時(shí)，仍然不會親密“無間”。他們對各自的隱私領(lǐng)地會保持距離。隱私包括私人時(shí)間、住所、物品、年齡、體重、長相等等。在上面的例子中，中國學(xué)生犯了三個(gè)忌：隨處叫名、隨時(shí)上門、隨便評論體重。所以美國老師很不習(xí)慣。特別忠告：稱呼和上門要得到對方允許，交談不要論及對方隱私InChina,thesurnamecomesfirstandthenthegivenname.

Whilewesternersnamesarewrittenandspokenwiththegivennamefirstandthefamilynamelast.Inaformalsetting,westernersaddressmenas"Mister"(Mr),marriedwomenas"Misses"("Mrs."),andunmarriedwomenas"Miss"("Ms.").Thesedaysmanywomenprefertobeaddressedusingtheabbreviations"Ms.",pronounced"miz".Inaninformalsituation,

westernerswillintroduceeachotherbyfirstname,withouttitles,andoccasionallybyjustthelastname.

East&WestChineseuse“title+surname”toaddresstheirsuperiororeldersratherthancallthemsurnames,whilethesuperiororelderscalltheaddresserstheirnames.otherwise,theaddressermaybeconsideredasillmannered,illeducatedorrude.Inwest,

Althoughtheyaredifferentinageandstatus,theycancalltheotherdirectly,namely,theirnames,evenfirstnames.Theydemonstratethesenseofintimacyandtheconceptionof”Everyoneiscreatedequal”

DifferencesinEducationBetweenChinaandAmericaIfChina‘s

childrengeta

bad

reportcard,

he

will

receive

pressure

from

all

side.In

the

United

States,however,each

student’s

report

card

isprivategoods，andparents

do

not

give

the

child

too

much

pressure.Score

in

the

hearts

of

adults

ismuchlessimportantthan

ability

.The

majority

of

Chinese

students

is

aimed

at

“high.”

對中國孩子來說,一份不好的成績單會使他收到來自各方壓力.然而在美國,每個(gè)學(xué)生年終的成績單都是私人的物品.家長方面也不會給孩子施加過多的壓力.分?jǐn)?shù)在大人心中比能力要差得遠(yuǎn).而中國大部分學(xué)生的目的是高分Attitude

towards

different

results

Chinese

primary

education

isfor

children's

intellectual

development,andahighpointis

children’s

maingoal;

in

the

United

States,

there

is

only

one

primary

purpose:

to

cultivate

children's

creativity.

中國初等教育將開發(fā)孩子的智力,孩子高分看成首要目標(biāo);而在美國,初等教育的目的只有一個(gè):培養(yǎng)孩子的創(chuàng)造力The

primary

goal

of

teaching

HowToReactIfChildrenAreWrong?ByTellingthemstoriesandplayingwiththemToletthemlearnrightfromwrong?OrYellingatthemandusingphysicalpunishment?AmericanschoosetheformerChinesechoosethelatter

●Sittingstraightly

●Listeningquietly

●Takingnotesquickly

○Talkingfreely

.○Thinklively

○DiscussenthusiasticallyWhenwe’reburiedintheoceanofpapertopassthecollageentranceexamThey’reenjoyingthemselvesonthewaytosuccess.SummaryFavorableimpact(有利影響）Roleinpromoting（促進(jìn)作用）2.Reference（借鑒作用）Roleinpromoting（促進(jìn)作用）Itcanpromoteabetterunderstandingofthecenterofourculturaldifferences,forbettercommunication.Reference（借鑒作用）Wecanlearnvaluablepartoftheirculture,suchas