GB/T 45183-2025塑料氣候老化試驗中輻照量的儀器測定總則和基本測試方法

ICS83.080.01

CCSG31

中華人民共和國國家標準

GB/T45183—2025

塑料氣候老化試驗中輻照量的儀器測定

總則和基本測試方法

Plastics—Instrumentaldeterminationofradiantexposureinweatheringtests—

Generalguidanceandbasictestmethod

（ISO9370：2017，MOD）

2025?01?24發(fā)布2025?08?01實施

國家市場監(jiān)督管理總局

國家標準化管理委員會發(fā)布

GB/T45183—2025

目次

前言··························································································································Ⅲ

引言··························································································································Ⅴ

1范圍·······················································································································1

2規(guī)范性引用文件········································································································1

3術(shù)語和定義··············································································································1

4意義與用途··············································································································6

4.1總則·················································································································6

4.2自然氣候老化——固定角度或赤道儀暴露·································································6

4.3加速自然氣候老化——用菲涅耳反射聚光器聚集太陽輻射的暴露···································7

4.4人工加速氣候老化與人工加速輻射的暴露·································································7

5儀器·······················································································································7

5.1通則·················································································································7

5.2光譜無選擇性輻射表（見表1）·················································································9

5.3光譜有選擇性（UV）輻射表（見表2）·········································································9

5.4錄波器和數(shù)據(jù)記錄儀····························································································9

6校準·······················································································································9

6.1通則·················································································································9

6.2標準輻射表和工作輻射表·····················································································10

6.3光譜有選擇性標準輻射表·····················································································10

6.4光譜有選擇性工作輻射表·····················································································11

6.5其他要求··········································································································11

7步驟·····················································································································11

7.1自然氣候老化——固定角度或赤道儀暴露································································11

7.2加速自然氣候老化——用菲涅耳反射聚光器聚集太陽輻射的暴露··································11

7.3人工加速氣候老化與人工加速輻射的暴露································································11

8試驗報告···············································································································12

附錄A（資料性）典型寬帶紫外輻射表的比較····································································13

附錄B（資料性）選擇性濾光型輻射表的光譜失配······························································14

參考文獻····················································································································17

Ⅰ

GB/T45183—2025

前言

本文件按照GB/T1.1—2020《標準化工作導(dǎo)則第1部分：標準化文件的結(jié)構(gòu)和起草規(guī)則》的規(guī)

定起草。

本文件修改采用ISO9370：2017《塑料氣候老化試驗中輻照量的儀器測定總則和基本測試

方法》。

本文件與ISO9370：2017的技術(shù)差異及其原因如下：

——用規(guī)范性引用的GB/T14890替換了ISO9059（見6.2.4和7.2.1），以適應(yīng)我國的技術(shù)條件、

提高可操作性；

——用規(guī)范性引用的GB/T19565和GB/T37468替換了ISO9060（見5.2.1、5.2.1.1、5.2.2、

5.2.2.1和6.1.1注3），以適應(yīng)我國的技術(shù)條件、提高可操作性；

——用規(guī)范性引用的GB/T20236替換了ASTMG90（見5.2.2.1和7.2.1），以適應(yīng)我國的技術(shù)條

件、提高可操作性；

——用規(guī)范性引用的GB/T31156、GB/T33698和GB/T33866替換了ASTMG183（見7.1.2），

以適應(yīng)我國的技術(shù)條件、提高可操作性；

——增加了規(guī)范性引用的GB/T33868（見6.3.1、6.4.1和7.2.1）、JJF1975（見6.3.1）、JJG456（見

6.1.1和6.2.4）、JJG458（見6.1.1和6.2.4）和JJG879（見6.3.1、6.3.2和7.2.1），以適應(yīng)我國的

技術(shù)條件、提高可操作性；

——刪除了ISO9370：2017中規(guī)范性引用文件ASTME816、ASTME824、ASTMG130和

ASTMG138；

——更改了半峰全寬的范圍（見3.22、3.34和5.3.2），與表2一致；

——更改了一級總輻射表溫度響應(yīng)的技術(shù)要求，從“±2”調(diào)整為“±4”（見表1），以適應(yīng)我國的技

術(shù)條件；

——更改了二級總輻射表溫度響應(yīng)和傾斜響應(yīng)的技術(shù)要求，溫度響應(yīng)從“±4”調(diào)整為“±8”，傾斜

響應(yīng)從“±3”調(diào)整為“±5”（見表1），以適應(yīng)我國的技術(shù)條件；

——刪除了輻射表“光譜靈敏度（Spectralsensitivity）”的技術(shù)要求（見ISO9370：2017的表1），增

加了“靈敏度”的技術(shù)要求（見表1），以適應(yīng)我國的技術(shù)條件、提高可操作性；

——增加了校準溯源機構(gòu)“國家計量機構(gòu)”（見5.2.1.2、5.2.2.2和6.2.3），提高可操作性；

——增加了5.2.1.2、5.2.2.2和6.2.3中的校準溯源機構(gòu)“國家計量機構(gòu)”，提高可操作性；

——更改了測量窄帶UVB的窄帶濾光器在阻隔區(qū)的透射比，從“0.001%”調(diào)整為“0.01%”（見

5.3.1），以適應(yīng)我國的技術(shù)條件；

——增加了6.1.1中的機構(gòu)“中國氣象局”，提高可操作性。

本文件做了下列編輯性改動：

——為了更好地理解個別術(shù)語和定義，增加了參考的圖示（見3.24注）；

——增加了術(shù)語注釋（見3.14）；

——更改了寬帶輻射表的波長范圍并增加了解釋內(nèi)容（見4.2.2注）；

——增加了注釋，推薦總輻射表年穩(wěn)定性的測試方法（見表1腳注a）；

——更改了注釋的內(nèi)容（見表1腳注b和c，ISO9370：2017的表1腳注a和b）；

——增加了選擇性輻射表光譜失配信息和校準方法的注釋（見5.3.5注和6.3.1注）；

——更改了用不同紫外輻射表測量地點、時間及相應(yīng)的輻照度數(shù)據(jù)，以國內(nèi)數(shù)據(jù)替換國外數(shù)據(jù)（見

Ⅲ

GB/T45183—2025

表A.1）；

——更改了測量全年輻照量的地點、時間及相應(yīng)的輻照量數(shù)據(jù)，以國內(nèi)數(shù)據(jù)替換國外數(shù)據(jù)（見

表A.2）；

——用資料性引用的GB/T27025替換了ISO/IEC17025（見6.1.1注1）；

——用資料性引用的GB/T1865—2009替換了ISO11341（見參考文獻）；

——用資料性引用的GB/T23987—2009替換了ISO11507（見參考文獻）；

——增加了資料性引用的ISO9059、ISO9060、ASTME816、ASTME824、ASTMG130和

ASTMG138（見參考文獻）。

請注意本文件的某些內(nèi)容可能涉及專利。本文件的發(fā)布機構(gòu)不承擔識別專利的責任。

本文件由中國石油和化學工業(yè)聯(lián)合會提出。

本文件由全國塑料標準化技術(shù)委員會（SAC/TC15）歸口。

本文件起草單位：標格達精密儀器（廣州）有限公司、深圳市北測檢測技術(shù)有限公司、廣州合成材料

研究院有限公司、廣東聚石化學股份有限公司、濟南中科廣源環(huán)?？萍加邢薰?、山東道恩高分子材料

股份有限公司、宿遷聯(lián)盛科技股份有限公司、蘇州市信測標準技術(shù)服務(wù)有限公司、ATLAS亞太拉斯材

料測試技術(shù)有限公司。

本文件主要起草人：解正坤、周業(yè)華、王浩江、朱紅芳、周經(jīng)綸、馬玫、趙磊、張瑞、謝瀟、程舸、

王崇武、王飛、陳新泰、劉飛。

Ⅳ

GB/T45183—2025

引言

當僅以時間確定自然氣候老化、加速自然氣候老化、人工加速老化或人工加速輻射暴露的暴露周

期時，往往忽略了因光源的光譜輻照度變化造成的影響以及不同暴露試驗之間水分和/或溫度差異的

影響。而根據(jù)太陽總輻照量確定的自然老化的暴露周期，有利于對同一地點不同時期暴露試驗的結(jié)果

進行比較。此外，監(jiān)測自然氣候老化暴露、人工加速氣候老化或人工加速輻射暴露中的紫外輻照量同

樣很重要。

測量紫外輻射的方法通常有兩種，一種是使用實物標樣，即同時暴露一種參照材料，參照材料在性

能上的變化與紫外輻照量相對應(yīng)；另一種是使用對紫外輻射有響應(yīng)的輻射表，這是首選方法。本文件

介紹了儀器法和所用儀器的主要特性，為用戶選擇和使用輻射表提供指導(dǎo)。

Ⅴ

GB/T45183—2025

塑料氣候老化試驗中輻照量的儀器測定

總則和基本測試方法

1范圍

本文件描述了用儀器測定平面上輻照度的方法（以下簡稱“儀器法”），包括自然界中的太陽輻射、

聚集的太陽輻射和實驗室光源產(chǎn)生的輻射。

對于自然氣候老化和加速自然氣候老化中太陽輻射的測量，儀器法包括連續(xù)測量太陽總輻射、太

陽總紫外輻射和太陽（紫外）光譜輻射以及對上述瞬時測量值進行累計或積分獲得輻照量。

對于人工加速氣候老化或人工加速輻射暴露中輻射的測量，儀器法包括連續(xù)測量全部或規(guī)定波長

范圍內(nèi)的紫外輻射、可見光譜輻照度和