2023年英語(yǔ)B級(jí)考試試題答案

2023年英語(yǔ)B級(jí)考試試題答案

一、單項(xiàng)選擇題（說(shuō)明：這是我同學(xué)給的）

1Howcanwereducetheriskofcancer?

AcutinBcutdown

CcutoffDcutout

2Thesteadilyrisingcostoflaboronthewaterfronthasgreatlyincreasedthe

costofshippingcargobywater.

AcontinuouslyBquickly

CexcessivelyDexceptionally

3Duringthepasttenyearstherehavebeendramaticchangesintheinternational

situation.

ApermanentBpowerful

CstrikingDpractical

4Themostcrucialproblemanyeconomicsystemfacesishowtouseitsscarce

resources.

ApuzzlingBdifficult

CterrifyingDurgent

5Hisnewgirlfriendhadomittedtotellhimthatshewasmarried.

AfailedBdeleted

CrefusedDrejected

6Thesubstancecanbeaddedtogasolinetoacceleratethespeedofautomobiles.

AquickenBshorten

CloosenDenlarge

7Weshouldnevercontentourselveswithalittleknowledgeonly.

AconvinceBsatisfy

CcomfortDbenefit

8Weshouldcontemplatedtheproblemfromallsides.

AdeliberatedBthought

CdescribedDdesigned

9Hishealthhaddeterioratedwhilehewasinprison.

AbecamebetterBbecameworse

CbecamestrongerI）becameweaker

10Ifyouwantmyadvice,youshouldreviseyourplanforthetriptoBeijing.

AchangeBexchange

CenlargeDencourage

11Smokingisinhibitedinpublicplaces.

AinstructedBinquired

CforbiddenDstrived

12.Heissaidtobesufferingfromterminalcancerandhasaskedforeuthanasia

（安樂(lè)死）

AacuteBchronic

CfinalDfatal

13Ifeltimpelledtotellthetruth.

ApromotedBinduced

CcompelledDimproved

14Itsprudenttotakeathickcoatincoldweatherwhenyougoout.

AcontroversialBreasonable

CsensibleDsensitive

15Areyoupositivethatthere?sbeennomistake?

ArationalBreasonable

CcertainDbound

二、閱讀判斷。閱讀判斷。

AnObservationandanExplanation

Itisworthlookingatoneortwoaspectsofthewayamotherbehavestowards

herbaby.Theusualfondling,cuddlingandcleaningrequirelittlecomment,butthe

positioninwhichsheholdsthebabyagainstherbodywhenrestingisratherrevealing.

Carefulstudieshaveshownthefactthat80percentofmothersholdtheirinfants

intheirleftarms,hoIdingthemagainsttheleftsideoftheirbodies.Ifasked

toexplainthesignificanceofthispreferencemostpeoplereplythatitisobviously

theresultofthepredominanceofright-handednessinthepopulation.Byholding

thebabiesintheirleftarms,themotherskeeptheirdominantarmfreefor

manipulations.ButadetailedanalysisshowsthatthisisnotthecasETrue,there

isaslightdifferencebetweenright-handedandleft-handedfemales;butnotenough

toprovideadequateexplanation.Itemergesthat83percentofright-handedmothers

holdthebabyontheleftside,butsodo78percentofleft-handedmothers.Inother

words,only22percentoftheleft-handedmothershavetheirdominanthandsfree

foractions.Clearlytheremustbesomeother,lessobviousexplanation.

Theonlyothercluecomesfromthefactthattheheartisonthesideofthe

mother*sbody.Coulditbethatthesoundofherheartbeatisthevitalfactor?

Andinwhatway?Thinkingalongtheselinesitwasarguedthatperhapsduringits

existenceinsidethebodyofthemothertheunbornbabygetusedtothesoundof

theheartbeat.Ifthisisso,thenthere-discoveryofthisfamiliarsoundafter

birthmighthaveaclaimingeffectontheinfant,especiallyasithasjustbeen

bornintoastrangeandfrighteninglynewworlDifthisissothenthemotherwould,

somehow,soonarriveatthediscoverythatherbabyismoreatpeaceifheldonthe

leftagainstherheartthanontheright.

16Wecanlearnalotbyobservingthepositioninwhichamotherholdsherbaby

againstherbody.

ARightBWrongCNotmentioned

17Mostleft-handedwomenfeelcomfortablebyholdingtheirbabiesintheirleft

armandkeeptherightarmfree.

ARightBWrongCNotmentioned

18Thenumberofright-handedmotherswhoholdthebabyontheleftsideexceeds

thatofleft-handedonesby22%.

ARightBWrongCNotmentioned

19Thefactthatmostleft-handedmothersholdthebabyontheirleftsiderenders

thefirstexplanationunsustainable.

ARightBWrongCNotmentioned

20Thefactthattheheartisontheleftsideofthemothersbodyprovidesthe

mostconvincingexplanationofall.

ARightBWrongCNotmentioned

21Ababyheldintherightarmofitsmothercanbeeasilyfrightened.

ARightBWrongCNotmentioned

22Thewritersexplanationofthephenomenonissupportedbythefactthatbabies

tendtobemorepeacefulifheldintheirmothersleftarmsthanintherightarms.

ARightBWrongCNotmentioned

三、概括大意與完成句子。概括大意與完成句子。

Caringfortheold

Theolddonothavetolookexclusivelytothepast.Relievedofsomeoflife,s

responsibilitiesandfortifiedbymanyyearsofexperienceandknowledge,theymay

haveamuchbetterideaofhowtospendtheirtimeenjoyablythantheydidintheir

youth.Andnotallenjoymentisrestrictedtothementalorphilosophical.Healthy

physicalactivityremainsquitepossibleformostofuswellintoourlateryears.

Oldpeoplesometimesdisplaysurprisingfreedomandforthrightnessinthe

expressionoftheirthoughtsandfeelings,andanabilitytotransmitaffection.

Itisasthoughsomeoftheritualswhichconstrictusinearlierlifefallaway.

Butahigherpercentageofpeoplesufferfromemotionaldistressinoldagethan

atanyothertimeinadultlife,andthegapbetweenneedandcareisoftenfilled

bydubiousmeasures,suchasheavy-handedprescriptionofmedicinEFormanyyears

itwasassumedthatoldpeoplewerenotappropriatecandidatesforpsychotherapy.

Butafewclinicianshaverisentothechallengeanddiscoveredthatindividual

andgrouppsychotherapyisjustaseffectivewiththeoldaswiththeyoung.

Itiseasytounderstandwhyanearthquakecausesterror.Yetinoldagethere

maybeterrorofaveryprivatenature,asenseofdisintegrationsometimesstemming

frominnerconflicts,sometimesfromapremonitionofdeathorthefearofbecoming

dependent.

Dependencyisagrimchoice:insecurityanddeprivationmustbeweighedagainst

lossofautonomyandintegrity.Butifthereisnothingshamefulaboutthedependency

ofab

abyorayoungchiId,thereshouldbenothingshamefulaboutthedependencies

naturalwitholdageanddiminishingphysicalresources.

Thecomplexityandimpersonalityofthebureaucraticestablishments,whichhave

themeanstoprovidehelp,areoftenthreateningtooldpeoplETheyoungergeneration

today,ontheotherhand,willhavehadmanydecadestointeractwith“thesystem”

bythetimetheyreacholdage.

Manyofus,includinghealthcareproviders,assumethatweknowwhatoldpeople

anddyingpeoplewant,butourassumptionsareoftenareflectionsofourwon

thoughtsandfeelingsbasedonpersonalinterpretationsofscantybitsof

observation.Suchassumptionsarereallyanexcusetoavoidclosecontactwiththe

terminallyill.Assumingwe〃know〃whattheywant,weobserveourselvesfrombeing

withthem,andsharingtheirthoughtsabouttheendoflife.

Wesometimesassume,wrongly,thatoldpeoplearetooconfusedorseniletobe

awareofthenearnessofdeath.Inconsequence,communicationbetweenadyingand

othersissubjecttoextraordinaryomissionsanddistortions."Protecting〃thedying

fromknowledgeoftheirconditionoftenservestoprotectusfromtheuncomfortable

prospectoftalkingaboutdyinganddeath.Evasionslikethisonlyleadtoincreasing

isolationatatimewhenemotionalhonestyandunderstandingaremostneeded.

23paragraph1

24paragraph2

25paragraph3

26paragraph5

AKnowingbetterhowtoenjoylife

BFreedominexpression

CPsychotherapyeffectivewithsomeoftheold

DPeriodofgreateremotionaldistress

EDependency:agrimchoice

FGuiltiness:dependency

27Oldpeoplemaywellbeactivein

28Oldpeoplesometimesknowbetter

29Itisanaturalthing

30Weoftenthinkthatweknowthefeelingofadyingperson,

Ahowtoshowlovetoothers

Bhowtoshowangertoothers

Cyetweknowwearewrong

Dvariouskindsofsports

Ebutweareoftenwrong

Fthatoldpeopledependonothers

四、閱讀理解

第一篇

AGay（n.同性戀Biologist（n.生物學(xué)家同性戀）生物學(xué)家）

MolecularbiologistDeanHammerhasblueeyes,1ightbrownhairandagoodsense

ofhumor.Hesmokescigarettes,spendslonghoursinanoldlaboratoryattheUS

NationalInstituteofHealth,andinhisfreetimeclimbsupcliffsandpointshis

skisdownsteepslopes.Healsohappenstobeopenly,matter-of-fac11ygay.

WhatisitthatmakesHammerwhoheis?What,forthatmatter,accountsforthe

taientsandtraitsthatmakeupanyoneJspersonality?Hammerisnotcontentmerely

toasksuchquestions;heistryingtoanswerthemaswell.Apioneerinthefield

ofmolecularpsychology,Hammerisexploringtherolegenesplayingoverningthe

verycoreofourindividuality.Toaremarkableextent,hisworkonwhatmightbe

calledthegay,thrill-seekingandquit-smokinggenesreflectshowowngenetic

predispositions.

Thatwork,whichhasappearedmostlyinscientificjournals,hasbeengathered

intoanaccessibleandquitereadableforminHammerJscreativenewbook,Living

withOurGenes."youhaveaboutasmuchchoiceinsomeaspectofyourpersonality.

Hamerandco-authorPeterCopelandwriteintheintroductorychapter,“asyoudo

intheshapeofyournoseorthesizeofyourfeet.〃

Untilrecently,researchintobehavioralgeneticswasdominatedby

psychiatristsandpsychologists,whobasedtheirmostcompellingconclusionsabout

theimportanceofgenesonstudiesofidenticaltwins.Forexample,psychologist

MichaelBaileyofNorthwesternUniversityfamouslydemonstratedthatifone

identicaltwinisgay,thereisabouta50%like

lihoodthattheotherwillbetoo.Sevenyearsago,Hamerpickedupwherethe

twinstudiesleftoff,hominginonspecificstripsofDNAthatappeartoinfluence

everythingfrommoodtosexualorientation.

Hainerswitchedtobehavioralgeneticsfrombasicresearch,afterreceivinghis

doctoratefromHarvard,hespentmorethanadecadestudyingthebiochemistryof

aproteinthatcellsusetometabolizeheavymetalslikecopperandzinc.Ashewas

abouttoturn40,however,Hamersuddenlyrealizedhehadlearnedasmuchaboutthe

proteinashecaredto.aFrankly,Iwasbored,〃heremembers,“andreadyfor

somethingnew.〃

Homosexualbehavior,inparticular,seemedripeforexplorationbecausefew

scientistshaddaredtacklesuchanemotionallyandpoliticallychargedsubject.

“Imgay,〃Hamersayswithashrug,“butthatwasnotamajormotivation.Itwas

moreofaquestionofintellectualcuriosity—andthefactthatnooneelsewas

doingthissortofresearch”

31ThefirstparagraphdescribesHamer,s

Alooks,hobbiesandcharacter.

Bviewpointonhomosexuality.

Cuniquelife-style.

Dscientificresearchwork.

32Hamerwasa

Apsychiatrist.

Bphysiologist.

Cchemist.

Dbiologist.

33WhatisHamerdoingnow?

AHeisexploringtheroleofgenesindecidingone'sintelligence.

BHeisexploringtheroleofgenesindecidingone'spersonality.

CHeiswritingabookentitled“LivewithOurGenes.〃

DHeistryingtoanswersomequestionsonatestpaper.

34WhathappenedtoHamer?sresearchinterest?

AHeturnedtobasicresearch.

BHestickedtobasicresearch.

CHeturnedtobehavioralgenetics.

DHestickedtobehavioralgenetics.

35AccordingtoHamer,whatwasoneofthemainreasonsforhimtochoosehomos

exualbehaviorashisresearchsubject?

AHeisagayandhewantstocurehimself.

BHewascuriousaboutitasascientist.

CHewascuriousaboutitlikeeveryoneelse.

DItisasubjectthatcanleadtopoliticalsuccess.

第二篇

SilentandDeadly

Transientischemicattacks(TIAS),ormini-strokes,resultfromtemporary

interruptionsofbloodflowtothebrain.Unlikefullstrokes,theypresentsymptoms

lastinganywherefromafewsecondsto24hours.Rarelydotheycausepermanent

neurologicaldamage,buttheyareoftenprecursorsofamajorstroke.

“Ourmessageisquiteclear,saysDr.RobertAdams,professorofneurologyat

theMedicalCollegeofGeorgiainAugust."TIAS,whilelessseverethanstrokes

intheshortterm,arequitedangerousandneedaquickdiagnosisandtreatmentas

wellasappropriatefollow-uptopreventfutureinjury.〃

Unfortunately,mini-strokesaregreatlyunderdiagnosed.Astudyconductedfor

theNationalStrokeAssociationindicatesthat2.5%ofalladultsaged18or

older(about4.9millionpeopleintheU.S.)haveexperiencedaconfirmedTIA.

Anadditional1.2millionAmericansovertheageof45,thestudyshowed,havemost

likelysufferedamini-strokewithoutrealizingit.Thesefindingssuggestthat

ifthepublicknewhowtospotthesymptomsofstroke,especiallymini-strokes,

andsoughtpromptmedicaltreatment,thousandsoflivescouldbesavedandmajor

disabilitycouldbeavoided.

Theproblemisthatthesymptomsofamini-strokeareoftensubtleandpassing.

Nonetheless,therearesignsyoucanlookoutfor:

"Numbnessorweaknessintheface,armorleg,especiallyononesideofthe

body.

“Troubleseeinginoneorbotheyes.

"Confusionanddifficultyspeakingorunderstanding.

^Difficultywalking,dizzinessorlossofcoordination.

"Severeheadachewithnoknowncause.

Alongwiththesesymptoms,researchershaveidentifiedsomekeyindicatorsthat

increaseyourchancesofhavingafull-blownstrokeafteraTIA:ifyou'reover

60,haveexperiencedsymptomslastinglongerthan10minutes,feelweakandhave

ahistoryofdiabetes.

Aswithmanydiseases,youcanhelpyourselfbychangingyourlifestyle.The

firstthingsyoushoulddoarequitsmoking,limityourintakeofalcoholtono

morethanadrinkortwoadayandincreaseyourphysicalactivity.Eventhosewho

sufferfromhighbioodpressureordiabetescanimprovetheirodds一andminimize

complicationsiftheydohaveastroke—bykeepingtheirillnessundercontrol.

Ifyouexperienceanyofthesymptoms,yourfirstcallshouldbetoyourdoctor.

Itcouldbethecallthatsavesyourlife.

36WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueofmini-strokes?

AThecauseofthemremainsunidentified.

BTheyseldomcausepermanentneurologicaldamage.

CTheysymptomsofthemareoftenpassing.

DTheyarenotunrelatedtomajorstrokes.

37Topreventmini-strokesfromturningintomajorstrokes,itisimportantto

Asavethousandsoflives.

Bavoidmajordisability.

Cseekpromptmedicaltreatment.

Dpreventfutureinjury.

38Thepassageindicatesthatthesymptomsofmini-strokes

Aarealwayseasytospot.

Barefrequentlyhardtorecognize.

Cusuallylastacoupleofdays.

Dcanbynomeansbeavoided.

39Allofthefollowingmaybesignsofmini-strokesEXCEPTfor

Atroubleseeinginoneeye.

Bnumbnessintheface.

Clossofcoordination.

Dsevereheadachecausedbyexternalinjury.

40Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatmini-strokesare

Amoredangerousthanmajorstrokes.

Bsilentanddeadly.

Cdifficulttocure.

Dsuretoleadtomajorstrokes.

末一席

RoadTripVacations

It'ssummer.IntheUnitedStates,it'stheseasonofswimmingpools,barbeques,

campingandroadtrips.

Roadtripvacationswherethecarjourneyispartofthefunareespecially

popularwithcollegestudents,wholiketoexplorethecountryonwheels.These

budgettripsareidealforstudentswhooftenhaveplentyoffreetimebutlittle

money.

EversinceIwenttocollege,I'vebeentravelingaroundalot,exploringthe

country,〃saidAustinHawkins,a19-year-oldcollegestudentfromNewYork.This

summer,HawkinsandhisfriendshavespentweekendstravelinginNewEngland.

Thebestpartaboutcartrips,saidHawkins,isthatyoucanbespontaneous.

〃0naroadtrip,ifyougetinterestedinthingsyouseealongthewayyoucanstop

andexplore.〃

MattRoberts,a20-year-oldstudentfromOhiowhodrovetoMontreal,Canada,

agrees."Withroadtripsyoudonthavetoplaninadvance,youcanjustgetinto

acaranddrive.〃

Evenwithhighgasprices,drivingwithfriendsischeaperthanflying.Roberts

paidabout40dollarsforgas,butaroundtripplaneticketwouldhavecostnearly

400dollars.

Drivingtripsfirstbecamepopularinthe1920s.Newlypavedroadsandimproved,

carsmadeitpossibletotravellongerdistances.Motelsstartedappearingoutside

cities.

Bythe1950s,carownershipbecamethenorm.ConstructionoftheUSinterstate

highwaysystembeganin1956andmotelandrestaurantchainspoppedupleverywhere

makinglongdistancetripseasier.

Today,theUShasthehighestcarownershiprateintheworld.Only8percent

ofAmericanhomeshavenocar,accordingtothemostrecentUScensus.

Thoughmanycollegestudentsdon,townacar,mosthaveaccesstoone.Onmany

ofHawkinsJtrips,theyusedaborrowedvan.

Hawkins'mostmemorableroadtriptookplaceoverspringbreak.Heandtwo

friendsdrovefromNewYorktoNewOrleanstovolunteer,helpingrebuildthecity

afterHurricaneKatrinahititlastJuly.Theycrossedthecountryintwodaysand

sleptintheircarinchurchparkinglots.

RobertsroadtriptoCanadalastwinterwasevenmoreeventful.Uponarriving

inMontreal,theywerelostinablizzardandshiveringinthe-25°cold.Tofind

theirhotel,theyturnedonalaptopanddrovearoundincirclesuntiltheyfound

aspotwithwirelessInternetcoverage.

〃Iknowweshouldhaveplannedbetter,butwe'reyoung.Now,whenIseethose

guysIalwayssay:*Rememberwhenwewerelostinthesnowstorm!JI911never

forgetthat.〃

41WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrueofAmericancollegestudents?

ATheyhavelittlemoney.

BTheyliketravelingbybike.

CTheyliketoexplorethecountry.

DTheyoftenhaveplentyoffreetime.

42WhatwillHawkinsdowhenheseessomethinginterestingonaroadtrip?

AHewillturnback.

BHewilldrivearound.

CHewillstoptoexplore.

DHewillstopexploring.

43Whendidmotelssuddenlyappear?

AAftertheworktobuildtheinterstatehighwaysystemstarted.

BWhendrivingtripsbecamepopular.

CAftermanyroadswerepaved.

DAfternewcarsweremade.

44WhichofthefollowingwordscanbestdescribeHawkins,triptoNewOrlends?

AEventful.

BColourful.

CDelightful.

DUnforgettable.

45Thewordblizzardinparagraph12canbereplacedby

Asnowstorm.

BhurricanE

Cmist.

Dfog.

五、補(bǔ)全短文。補(bǔ)全短文。

Lookingtothefuture

Whenamagazineforhigh-schoolstudentsaskeditsreaderswhatlifewouldbe

likeintwentyyears,theysaid:Machineswouldberunbysolarpower.Buildings

wouldrotatesotheycouldfollowthesuntotakemaximumadvantageofitslight

andheat.Wallswoulduradiatelight“anduchangecolorwiththepushofa

button.〃foodwouldbereplacedbypills.—46—.Carswouldhaveradar.Doesthis

soundliketheyear2000?_47_.

Thefutureismuchtooimportanttosimplyguessabout,thewaythehighschool

studentsdid,soexpertsareregularlyaskedtopredictaccurately.48.But

canthey?Oneexpertoncitieswrote:citiesofthefuturewouldnotbecrowded,

butwouldhavespaceforfarmsandfields.Peoplewouldtraveltoworkin“airbuses”,

largeall-weatherhelicopterscarryingupto200passengers.Whenapersonleft

theairbusstationhecoulddriveacoin-operatedcarequippedwithradar.Theradar

equipmentofcarswouldmaketrafficaccidents“almostunheardof”.Doesthat

soundfamiliar?Iftheexperthadbeenaccurateitwould,becausehewaswriting

in1957.hissubjectwas“Thecityof1982〃.

Iftheprofessionalssometimessoundlikehigh-schoolstudents,it'sprobably

becausefuturestudyisstillanewfielDButeconomicforecasting,orpredicting

whattheeconomywilldo,hasbeenaroundforalongtimEItshouldbeaccurate,

andgenerallyitis.Buttherehavebeensomebigmistakesinthisfield,too.49.

InOctoberofthatyear,thestockmarkethaditsworstlossesever,ruiningthousands

ofinvestorswhohadputtheirfaithinfinancialforeseers.

_50_.In1957,H.J.RandoftheRadCorporationwasaskedabouttheyear2000,

“Onlyonethingiscertain,〃heanswereDaChildrenwillhavereachedtheage

of43.〃

ABycarefullystudyingthepresent,skilledbusinessmenscientists,and

politiciansaresupposedlyabletofigureoutinadvancewhatwillhappen.

BSchoolwouldbetaught“byelectricalimpulsewhilewesleep.〃

COneforecasterknewthatpredictionsaboutthefuturewouldalwaysbesubject

tosignificanterrors.

DInearly1929,mostforecasterssawanexcellentfutureforthestockmarket.

EEveryonemaylooktothefutureforitisalwayspromising.

FActually,thearticlewaswrittenin1958andthequestionwas,uwhatwill

lifebe1ikein1978?〃

六、完型填空。.完型填空。

HappyMarriage,HappyHeart

Happilymarriedpeoplehavelowerbloodpressure51unhappilymarriedpeople

orsingles,aBrighamYoungUniversitystudysays.

Ontheotherhand,evenhavingasupportivesocialnetworkdidnottranslate

intoabloodpressurebenefitforsinglesorunhappily_52peoplel,according

tothestudy.

“ThereseemtobesomeuniquehealthbenefitsfrommarriagEIt'snotjustbeing

married53benefitshealth-whatJsreallythemostprotectiveofhealthishaving

ahappy54〃studyauthorJulianneHolt-Lunstad,apsychologistwhospecializes

inrelationshipsandhealth,saidinapreparedstatement.

Thestudyincluded204marriedand9955adultswhoworeportablebloodpressure

monitorsfor24hours.The56recordedbloodpressureatrandomintervalsand

providedatotalofabout72readings.

〃Wewantedtocaptureparticipants'bloodpressuredoingwhatevertheynormally

57ineverydaylifEGettingoneortworeadingsinaclinicisnotreally58ofthe

fluctuationsthatoccurthroughouttheday,“4Holt-Lunstadsaid.

Overall,happilymarriedpeoplescoredfourpoints59onthebloodpressurere

adingsthansingleadults.Thestudyalsofoundthatblood60amongmarriedpeopl

e-espec