考研英語命題特點(diǎn)和規(guī)律

2002年《大綱》將“完形填空”調(diào)整為“英語知識運(yùn)用”之后明確規(guī)定：英語知識運(yùn)英語知識運(yùn)用采用多項(xiàng)選擇完形填空(MultipleChoiceClozeTest)的形式來考查。完形填能力進(jìn)行綜合考查（measuringoverallability。完形填空的設(shè)計和應(yīng)用，是基于格式塔心理學(xué)（GestaltPsychology）圖 圖分析可以看出，這部分試題在體裁上多以議為主，說明文為輔，而題材上逐漸趨于與現(xiàn)議議對議議議議議為主。題材有一定重復(fù)性，如98、99年以工業(yè)為主，03、04年以青少年問題為主。第三，文章內(nèi)部組織結(jié)構(gòu)較為嚴(yán)密，無論是說明文還是議，多以總——分或總——詞匯試題制。詞匯是考查重點(diǎn)，試題數(shù)量一般在12~15題之間，測試的知識篇章結(jié)構(gòu)試題制。試題數(shù)量一般在2~3題之間。主要涉及以下幾點(diǎn)：①句與主謂一致(SubjectVerbAgreement)指謂語動詞要與主語的中心詞語在“人稱”和“數(shù)”ExampleThenovelsofJohnCheever toali rytraditionthatisconcernedprimarilywith[A] [C]is [D]arebelong是不及物動詞，不能用于語態(tài)，首先排除C和D。本句的中心主語是thenovels(復(fù)數(shù))，所以此題的正確選項(xiàng)是B。Theteacherisverypopularwithhisstudents.PleaseopentheIfIwereyou,IwouldthrowitExampleHadtheyexaminedthequestionoveramuchlongerperiod, overthewholelifecycle, reachedadifferentconclusion.1.*[A][B][C][D]2.[A]must[B]will[C]may[D]would首先根據(jù)“Hadtheyexaminedthequestion...if的虛擬條件句。在表+過去分詞。所以，第2題應(yīng)該選擇D。非限定性動詞是動詞的非謂語形式，主要指不定式(theInfinitive)、分詞(theParticiple)和動名詞(theGerund)。非限定性動詞的使用功能多樣，且容易，所以它們歷來是各種ExampleWedidmakeourcomfortsand ,butbasicallyothers experiencestous.Wewerevirtuallyhelpless themercyofothers,usuallyourAswegrewolder,increasedin lectualdevelopmentresultedinincreasedbehavioral availabletous.1[D]to234 e第1題中make在作為表示“致使”意義的動詞時，其后的動詞及其邏輯主語是關(guān)系,Hewastryingtomakehimselfunderstood.所以此題應(yīng)選B。4題考查動名詞的用法。根據(jù)上文，resultedin后面應(yīng)是一個名詞、名詞詞組或相當(dāng)于名詞的成分。只有選項(xiàng)C能構(gòu)成一個前面帶有名詞詞組所有格的動名詞結(jié)構(gòu)，這里的increasedbehavioraloptions是e在邏輯上的主語。所以此題應(yīng)選C。ExampleTherewasabigdropduringthesunspotyearsof1986and1987,andthenumberof fromdiseasescausedbyalymphocytedeficiency doubledduringthetremendoussolarexplosionofFebruary1986. 第1題考查了現(xiàn)在分詞做定語的知識。在and連接的后一并列從句中，1fromdiseasescausedbyalymphocytedeficiency2這個成分是修飾限定主語thenumberofpeopleA、C、D都有做定語的功能，然而從上下文的語意以及三個選項(xiàng)各自表示的時態(tài)、語態(tài)功能來判斷，thenumberofpeoplesuffer的邏輯主語，是動作suffer的發(fā)動者，所以此題選C項(xiàng)suffering最合適。ExampleExpertsspeculatethathardshipsmightpromptsomeRussianscientists know-howontheblackmarket.[A]to Thisisthecar(that)Iboughtlast mseeingthemanagertomorrow,whenhewillbebackfromNewExampleWhentheworkiswelldone,a1ofaccident-operationsisestablished2timelostduetoinjuriesiskeptataminimum.(199944題) 2題的正確選項(xiàng)是Ａ。where在這里引導(dǎo)一個定語從句“wheretimelostduetoinjuries英語中經(jīng)常用并列連詞和詞組來保持句子的平衡，常見的有：and,butoraswellas,notonly...butalsoneither...noreither...or...等。解答這類題時還要注意毗鄰原則，即謂語應(yīng)與ExampleConcernswereraised1witnessesmightbeencouragedtoexaggeratetheirstoriesincourtto2guiltyverdicts.（200149題） ExampleAvarietyofactivitiesshouldbeorganized1participantscanremainactiveaslongastheywantandthengoonto2elsewithoutfeelingguiltyandwithoutlettingtheotherparticipants3.（200336題） [A]if[D]even 2題考查考生對不定代詞的用法和區(qū)分能力。Aeverything不能與else連用。B項(xiàng)anything不妥。Cnothingnothingelsethan（只不過，僅有）中。Dsomethingelse構(gòu)成詞組表示“別的事情”，用在肯定句中，從語法和前后語意關(guān)系上來看，D項(xiàng)是正確選項(xiàng)。用試題總題量的70%，是考試命題的重點(diǎn)。其中動詞和名詞是考查的重中之重。我們37345786762556411122124325122410010212311%ExampleManyprofessionsareassociatedwithaparticularstereotype.The1imageofawriter,forinstance,is2aslightlycrazy-looking ,lockedinanattic,writing3furiouslyfordays4. 34[A]on[D]on此例中的第1題的正確答案是D。題中第一句中的aparticularstereotype和人們對作家的印象的描述aslightlycrazy- ,lockedinanattic,writing3furiouslyfor4classic(典型的)后)Conend(連續(xù))呢？根據(jù)上文語境，作家把自己鎖在閣樓里，日復(fù)一日地寫(writing3furiouslyfordays),所以這個動作應(yīng)該是不停地，連續(xù)地，此題選C。199923題，ExampleThisconstantneedtoprovethatoneisasgoodas, notbetterthan,one’spetitorcreates andstress, causesofunhappiness12 傷亡，B.不幸，天命，C.關(guān)心，關(guān)注，D.anxiety符合上下文語意，并且stress通常與anxiety搭配使用。Ehatyear,overamillioncouples theirmarriagesdissolved,oftenathighfinancialandsocial2.atcostat搭配，所以此題選D。duty與on,in,off搭配；chargein(the)chargeof,underthechargeof。legalcontrolsoverthepress，bill，paymentstowitnesses，controltheamount；selfregulation，sufficientcontrol；media，privacycontrols，legislation，judges；theHumanRightsBill，privacy，publicfigures，protect；Pressdoms,judges；theirstories,guiltyverdicts。 ExampleManpowerIncwith560000workersistheworld’slargesttemporaryemploymentagency.Everymorning,itspeopleintotheofficesandfactoriesofAmerica,seekingaday’sworkforaday’spay.(1997年第41題) [B]stride 此題的答案是A。提供線索的是with560000workers和largest。第二句又提到ExampleAtthebeginningofthecentury,medicalscientistsmadeasurprisingdiscovery:thatwe1notjustoffleshandbloodbutalsooftime.Theywereableto2thatweallhaveaninternal“bodyclock”which3theriseandfallofourbodyenergies,makingusdifferentfromonedaytothe4.Thesesbecameknownasbiorhythms;theycreatethe5inoureverydaylife. [A]“ups”and [B]“goods”and[C]“pros”and [D]“highs”and體生物鐘（bodyclock）的發(fā)現(xiàn)，及生物鐘對的影響。如果我們注意到上文中的theriseandfallofourbodyenergies，就可得知生物鐘影響的能量節(jié)律的起落。這樣第5題空格AD選項(xiàng)恰當(dāng)?shù)孛枋隽诉@一高低變化。theriseandfallofourbodyenergies和“highsand“l(fā)owsinoureverydaylife正好是一對同義表述。however（200229題、年第題、年第題、200814題）yet,butanyhowanyway,neverthelesswhile(20051題whereas199748題,20059題)，instead,insteadof(2000年第41題)；besides,further,moreover,mostimportant,inaddition,furthermore,too,also(2005年16題),andthen,again,indeed(20061題)；ifonlyif（200042題）,inspiteofdespitethough,although（2002年第31題,20067題）,evenso,eventhough(199744題),rather,afterall,regardless,while(2006年第14題)；to,so,therefore,thus,hence,inthat,accordingly,consequently,asaresult,asaconsequence,sothat(2003年第35題),tothisend；likewise,atthesametime,inthesameway,incomparison,incontrastlike,justas,conversely,onthecontrary200338題)，while(200712題列舉、舉例first,second,inthefirstce,inthesecondce,next,another,finally,still,specifically,inparticular；ltruly,obviously

sur,ExampleItcan,ofcourse,bearguedthatthoughthevastmajorityofpeoplecontributetothefundsofsocialsecurityequally,working-class saremorelikelytoreceivesocialsecuritybenefitsthanupper-class s.Thisistrueforthosebenefitswhichcanbeclassedasbeingforformsofdiswelfare,touseTitmusssterm,i.e.aformofmonetarycompensationforthehardshiptheysufferthroughtheoperationofthesocialandeconomicsystem-benefitsforindustrialdisability,unemploymentandillnessaswellassupplementarybenefits.Itisnot,1,trueofretirementpensionsandtheyafterallaccountforatleasthalftheexpenditureofsocialsecuritywidelydefined.Sinceretirementpensionsarepaidtoallwhohavepaidthenecessarynumberofcontributionstheyinvolveanegativeformofverticalredistributionof e—fromthepoortotherich—2retired sofhigher egroupslivelongerthanthoseoflower 1.[A][C][D]2.[A][B][C][D]2句Thisistrueforthosebenefitswhich...3Itisnot,1,trueof...3句在內(nèi)容therefore表示因果，otherwise表示補(bǔ)充，這三個選項(xiàng)顯然都不合適。whenResearchonanimal ligencealwaysmakesmewonderjusthowsmarthumansTheideathatsomegroupsofpeoplemaybemorein ligentthanothersisoneofthosehypothesesthatdarenotspeakitsname.(2008年what，how);By1830theformerSpanishandPortuguesecolonies eindependentwhen,whoThehomelessmakeupagrowingpercentageofAmerica’spopulation.(2006whohow);Thehumannoseisanunderratedtool.(2005what,how);Manytheoriesconcerningthecausesofjuveniledelinguency(crimescommittedbyyoungpeople)focuseitherontheindividualoronsocietyasthemajorcontributinginfluence.(2004年Teachersneedtobeawareoftheemotional,inlectual,andphysicalchangesthatyoungadultsexperience.(2003年who，how)；Comparisonsweredrawnbetweenthedevelopmentofevisioninthe20thcenturyandthediffusionofprintinginthe15thand16thcenturies.(2002what，how，when)；Theernmentistobanpaymentstowitnessesbynewspapersseekingtobuyuppeopleinvolvedinprominentcases1thetrialofRosemaryWest.(2001who，what，how)；Ifafarmerwishestosucceed,hemusttrytokeepawidegapbetweenhisconsumptionandhisproduction.(2000年who，why，how)；Industrialsafetydoesnotjusthappen.1999what，how)； theresultsareinconclusive.（2009Hisargumentisthattheunusualhistoryofthesepeoplehas themtouniqueevolutionarypressuresthathaveresultedinthis stateofaffairs.（2008年condusion）Egalitariansentimentswereoftentemperedbyfearsthatthemassofthepopulation self-ruleanddemocracy.（2007AsEdwardBlotkowsk...putsit,“Therehastobe20 ofprograms.Whatweneedisapackagedeal.”(2006年conclusion)Thebrainfindsitbesttokeepsmell forunfamiliarandemergency thesmellofsmoke,whichmightindicatethedangeroffire.(2005Alltheseconditionstendtoincreasetheprobabilityofachildcommittingacriminalact,20adirectcausalrelationshiphasnotyetbeenestablished.(2004年conclusion,summary)38theycanhelpstudentsacquireasenseofcommitmentby39forrolesthatarewithintheir40andtheirattentionspansandbyhavingclearlystatedrules.（2003年Andgeneralizationshaveproveddifficult2002conclusionConcernswereraised witnessesmightbeencouragedtoexaggeratetheirstoriesincourtto guiltyverdicts.（2001年result）Naturallyhewilltrytoborrowmoneyatalow ofinterestbutloansofthiskindare obtainable.（2000年result，suggestion）Thismaymeanthedifferencebetweenoperating orataloss.（1999A部分試題主要是考查考生對英語詞匯、短語、句型等習(xí)慣表達(dá)方式，尤其乃至西方人的思維、交流方式等非語言性知識和學(xué)習(xí)能力方面的考查。因此，閱讀理解A（生詞量不超過所讀材料總詞匯量的3%，包括信函、書報和上的文章而且還考查考閱讀理解A取閱讀理解A部分的文章時，要注意文章的選材范圍和難度，力圖讓考生在充分理解文章在命制閱讀理解A部分試題時，應(yīng)該特別注意以下四個方面：第一，必須以考查讀理解A部分試題命制的最重要的原則。就通常把要考查的詞或句意的常規(guī)含義作為干擾麻痹考生。因此，考生必須根據(jù)上如：2002年第四篇共九段。每篇的長度控制在400～500個單詞左右。2000年~2009 98社會生活和文化教育的文章主要來源于：Newsweek（），Time（時代，，TheGuardian（衛(wèi)報）和wwwusnewscom（。ScientificSciec（Ne，Natue，Th志）和WallStreetJournal（華爾街。egraph（英國電信日報）Independent獨(dú)立日報InternationalHerald Thepassageismainly WhatisthemainpointtheauthormakesintheWhichofthefollowingbestreflectsthemainideaoftheWhatisthemaintopicforthisThepropersubjectofthisarticle Thebesttitleforthispassagemight Whattheauthortriestosuggestmaybestbeinterpreted Thepassagewaswrittentoex Fromthefirst(2nd,3rd,4th，etc)paragraph,welearn Fromthelast(1st,2nd，etc)paragraphtheconclusioncanbedrawn Welearnfromthefirst Fromthepassagewelearn(infer) WhatcanbeinferredfromtheWhattheauthortriestosuggestmaybeinterpretedas Muchofthelanguageusedtodescribemonetary,suchas“steeringtheeconomytoasoftlanding”or“atouchonthebrakes”,makesitsoundlikeaprecisescience.Nothingcouldbefurtherfromthetruth.Thelinkbetweeninterestratesandinflationisuncertain.Andtherearelong,variablelagsbeforechangeshaveanyeffectontheeconomy.Hencetheogythatlikenstheconductofmonetarytodrivingacarwithablackenedwindscreen,acrackedrear-viewmirrorandafaultysteeringwheel.Givenallthesedisadvantages,centralbankersseemtohavehadmuchtoboastaboutoflate.Averageinflationinthebigsevenindustrialeconomiesfelltoamere23%lastyear,closetoitslowestlevelin30years,beforerisingslightlyto25%thisJuly.Thisisalongwaybelowthedouble-digitrateswhichmanycountriesexperiencedinthe1970sandearly1980s.Itisalsolessthanmostforecastershadpredicted.Inlate1994thepanelofeconomistswhichTheEconomistpollseachmonthsaidthatAmerica’sinflationratewouldaverage35%in1995.Infact,itfellto2 6%inAugust,andisexpectedtoaverageonlyabout3%fortheyearasawhole.InBritainandJapaninflationisrunninghalfapercentagepointbelowtheratepredictedattheendoflastyear.Thisisnoflashinthepan;overthepastcoupleofyears,inflationhasbeenconsistentlylowerthanexpectedinBritainandAmerica.EconomistshavebeenparticularlysurprisedbyfavourableinflationfiguresinBritainandtheUnitedStates,sinceconventionalmeasuressuggestthatbotheconomies,andespeciallyAmerica’s,havelittleproductiveslack.America’scapacityutilisation,forexample,hithistoricallyhighlevelsearlierthisyear,anditsjoblessrate(56%inAugust)hasfallenbelowmostestimatesofthenaturalrateofunemployment—theratebelowwhichinflationhastakenoffinthepast.Whyhasinflationprovedsomild?Themostthrillingexnationis,unfortunay,alittledefective.Someeconomistsarguethatpowerfulstructuralchangesintheworldhaveup-endedtheoldeconomicmodelsthatwerebaseduponthehistoricallinkbetweengrowthand（1997PassageFromthepassagewelearn thereisadefiniterelationshipbetweeninflationandinteresteconomywillalwaysfollowcertaintheeconomicsituationisbetterthaneconomistshadforeseenthepresenteconomicThefullimportmaytakeawhiletosinkin.TheNTRightsoftheTerminallyIlllawhasleftphysiciansandcitizensaliketryingtodealwithitsmoralandpracticalimplications.Somehavebreathedsighsofrelief,others,includingchurches,right-to-lifegroupsandtheAustralianMedicalAssociation,bitterlyattackedthebillandthehasteofitspassage.Butthetideisunlikelytoturnback.InAustraliawhereanagingpopulation,life-extendingtechnologyandchangingcommunityattitudeshaveallyedtheirpart—otherstatesaregoingtoconsidermakingasimilarlawtodealwitheuthanasia.IntheUSandCanada,wheretheright-to-diemovementisgatheringstrength,observersarewaitingforthedominoestostartfalling.（1997年P(guān)assage1）Fromthesecondparagraphwelearnthattheobjectiontoeuthanasiaisslowtocomeinotherphysiciansandcitizenssharethesameviewonchangingtechnologyischieflyresponsibleforthehastypassageoftheittakestimetorealizethesignificanceofthelaw’s答案為[D]選項(xiàng)。考生若對sinkin理解有，還可以從段落總結(jié)歸納出主旨大意。Couldthebadolddaysofeconomicdeclinebeabouttoreturn?SinceOPECagreedtosupply-cutsinMarch,thepriceofcrudeoilhasjumpedtoalmost$26abarrel,upfromless$10lastDecember.Thisnear-triplingofoilpricescallsupscarymemoriesofthe1973oilshock,whenpricesquadrupled,and1979～1980,whentheyalsoalmosttripled.Bothpreviousshocksresultedindouble-digitinflationandglobaleconomicdecline.Sowherearetheheadlineswarningofgloomanddoomthistime?TheoilpricewasgivenanotherpushupthisweekwhenIraqsuspendedoilexports.Strengtheningeconomicgrowth,atthesametimeaswintergripsthenorthernhemisphere,couldpushthepricehigherstillintheshortterm.Yettherearegoodreasonstoexpecttheeconomicconsequencesnowtobelessseverethaninthe1970s.Inmostcountriesthecostofcrudeoilnowaccountsforasmallershareofthepriceofpetrolthanitdidinthe1970s.InEurope,taxesaccountforuptofour-fifthsoftheretailprice,soevenquitebigchangesinthepriceofcrudehaveamoremutedeffectonpumppricesthaninthepast.Richeconomiesarealsolessdependentonoilthantheywere,andsolesssensitivetoswingsintheoilprice.Energyconservation,ashifttootherfuelsandadeclineintheimportanceofheavy,energy-intensiveindustrieshavereducedoilconsumption.Software,consultancyandephonesusefarlessoilthansteelorcarproduction.ForeachdollarofGDP(inconstantprices)richeconomiesnowusenearly50%lessoilthanin1973.TheOECDestimatesinitslatestEconomicOutlookthat,ifoilpricesaveraged$22abarrelforafullyear,comparedwith$13in1998,thiswouldincreasetheoilimportbillinricheconomiesbyonly0 5%ofGDP.Thatislessthanone-quarterofthe elossin1974or1980.Ontheotherhand,oil-importingemergingeconomies—towhichheavyindustryhasshifted—have emoreenergy-intensive,andsocouldbemoreseriouslysqueezed.Onemorereasonnottolosesleepovertheriseinoilpricesisthat,unliketherisesinthe1970s,ithasnotoccurredagainstthebackgroundofgeneralcommodity-priceinflationandglobalexcessdemand.Asizableportionoftheworldisonlyjustemergingfromeconomicdecline.TheEconomist’scommoditypriceindexisbroadlyunchangingfromayearago.In1973commoditypricesjumpedby70%,andin1979byalmost30%.(2002年Text3)Wecandrawaconclusionfromthetextthatoil-priceshocksarelessshockinginflationseemsirrelevanttooil-priceenergyconservationcankeepdowntheoilthepriceriseofcrudeleadstotheshrinkingofheavyScatteredaroundtheglobearemorethan100smallregionsofisolatedvolcanicactivityknowntogeologistsashotspots.Unlikemostoftheworld’svolcanoes,theyarenotalwaysfoundattheboundariesofthegreatdriftingtesthatmakeuptheearth’ssurface;onthecontrary,manyofthemliedeepintheinteriorofate.Mostofthehotspotsmoveonlyslowly,andinsomecasesthemovementofthetespastthemhaslefttrailsofdeadvolcanoes.Thehotspotsandtheirvolcanictrailsaretonesthatmarkthepassageofthetes.Thatthetesaremovingisnowbeyonddispute.AfricaandSouthAmerica,forexample,aremovingawayfromeachotherasnewmaterialisinjectedintotheseafloorbetweenthem.Thecomplementarycoastlinesandcertaingeologicalfeaturesthatseemtospantheoceanareremindersofwherethetwocontinentswereoncejoined.Therelativemotionofthetescarryingthesecontinentshasbeenconstructedindetail,butthemotionofonetewithrespecttoanothercannotreadilybetranslatedintomotionwithrespecttotheearth’sinterior.Itisnotpossibletodeterminewhetherbothcontinentsaremovinginoppositedirectionsorwhetheronecontinentisstationaryandtheotherisdriftingawayfromit.Hotspots,anchoredinthedeeperlayersoftheearth,providethemeasuringinstrumentsneededtoresolvethequestion.Fromanysisofthehot-spotpopulationitappearsthattheAfricanteisstationaryandthatithasnotmovedduringthepast30millionyears.Thesignificanceofhotspotsisnotconfinedtotheirroleasaframeofreference.Itnowappearsthattheyalsohaveanimportantinfluenceonthegeophysicalprocessesthatpropelthetesacrosstheglobe.Whenacontinentaltecomestorestoverahotspot,thematerialrisingfromdeeperlayerscreatesabroaddomeAsthedomegrows,itdevelopsdeepfissurescracks);inatleastafewcasesthecontinentmaybreakentirelyalongsomeofthesefissures,sothatthehotspotinitiatestheformationofanewocean.Thusjustasearliertheorieshaveexinedthemobilityofthecontinents,sohotspotsmayexintheirmutability(inconstancy).（1998年P(guān)assage5）ThepassageismainlyaboutthefeaturesofvolcanictheimportanceofthetheoryaboutdriftingthesignificanceofhotspotsingeophysicaltheprocessoftheformationofAhistoryoflongandeffortlesssuccesscanbeadreadfulhandicap,but,ifproperlyhandled,itmay eadriving.WhentheUnitedStatesenteredjustsuchaglowingperiodaftertheendoftheSecondWorldWar,ithadamarketeighttimeslargerthananycompetitor,givingitsindustriesunparalleledeconomiesofscale.Itsscientistsweretheworld’sbest,itsworkersthemostskilled.AmericaandAmericanswereprosperousbeyondthedreamsoftheEuropeansandAsianswhoseeconomiesthewarhaddestroyed.Itwasinevitablethatthisprimacyshouldhavenarrowedasothercountriesgrewricher.Justasinevitably,theretreatfrompredominanceprovedpainful.Bythemid-1980sAmericanshadfoundthemselvesatalossovertheirfadingindustrialcompetitiveness.SomehugeAmericanindustries,suchasconsumerelectronics,hadshrunkorvanishedinthefaceofforeigncompetition.By1987therewasonlyoneAmericanevisionmakerleft,Zenith.(Nowthereisnone:ZenithwasboughtbySouthKorea’sLGElectronicsinJuly.)Foreign-madecarsandtextilesweresweeintothedomesticmarket.America’smachine-toolindustrywasontheropes.Forawhileitlookedasthoughthemakingofsemiconductors,whichAmericahadinventedandwhichsatattheheartofthenewcomputerage,wasgoingtobethenextcasualty.Allofthiscausedacrisisofconfidence.Americansstoppedtakingprosperityforgranted.Theybegantobelievethattheirwayofngbusinesswasfailing,andthattheir eswouldthereforeshortlybegintofallaswell.Themid-1980sbroughtoneinquiryafteranotherintothecausesofAmerica’sindustrialdecline.Theirsometimessensationalfindingswerefilledwithwarningsaboutthegrowingcompetitionfromoverseas.Howthingshavechanged!In1995theUnitedStatescanlookbackonfiveyearsofsolidgrowthwhileJapanhasbeenstruggling.FewAmericansattributethissolelytosuchobviouscausesasadevalueddollarortheturningofthebusinesscycle.Self-doubthasyieldedtoblindpride.Americanindustryhaschangeditsstructure,hasgoneonadiet,haslearnttobemorequick-witted,accordingtoRichardCavanaugh,executivedeanofHarvard’sKennedySchoolofernment.ItmakesmeproudtobeanAmericanjusttoseehowourbusinessesareimprovingtheirproductivity,”saysStephenMooreoftheCatoInstitute,athink-inWashington,D.CAndWilliamSahlmanoftheHarvardBusinessSchoolbelievesthatpeoplewilllookbackonthisperiodas“agoldenageofbusinessmanagementintheUnitedStates.（2000年P(guān)assage1）WhatcanbeinferredfromtheItishumannaturetoshiftbetweenself-doubtandblindIntensecompetitionmaycontributetoeconomicTherevivaloftheeconomydependsoninternationalAlonghistoryofsuccessmaypavethewayforfurther文章敘述了經(jīng)濟(jì)從繁榮到再到繁榮的過程，且特別強(qiáng)調(diào)競爭給帶來90年代的Title題也屬于該種情況?？忌仨毻ㄗx全文，才主旨時，常常伴有文字提示，如therefore，thus，but，however，inshort等等。在一篇文章中，不管作者對某一觀點(diǎn)是支持、還是中立，是同情、冷漠還是失望， 觀點(diǎn)。題干中的或詞組有attitude，opinion，tone等等。其命題模式如下。Whatisthetone(mood)oftheTheauthor’sattitudetowards...mightbesummarizedas(seemsto WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribetheattitudeoftheauthorTheauthorismostcritical Accordingtothe Intheauthor’s Whatistheauthor’sopinion(idea)Theauthorthinks(believes,suggests,deems,asserts) (5)Intheauthor’shelpful，，cofident(opiisti（中立類：detached（超然的）,factual（實(shí)際的）,indifferent（無關(guān)緊要的，ipassivennereabvaeapatetieural，im受的)，disappointed(失望的)，subjective（的，biase(有偏見的)，doubtful(懷疑的)，，worried(，hostile（][D]issympathetictotheRSC積[Aissupportiveofbothsides(積極類[Ctakesadetachedattitude(中立類[BConfused.消極類[C]Care.(積極類([B]consent(積極類][Bsensitive中立類[Cgloomy消極類2001Passage[Bobjective積極類objective,impartial,unbiased等；問作者對其提到的人們的觀點(diǎn)的態(tài)度時，答案只能是肯定或否定，支持或。如：critical,approval,opposition,supporting等。UnderthenewNorthernTerritorylaw,anadultpatientcanrequestdeathprobablybyadeadlyinjectionorpill—toputanendtosuffering.Thepatientmustbediagnosedasterminallyillbytwodoctors.Aftera“coolingoff”periodofsevendays,thepatientcansigna request.After48hoursthewishfordeathcanbemet.ForLloydNickson,a54-year-oldDarwinresidentsufferingfromlungcancer,theNTRightsofTerminallyIlllawmeanshecangetonwithlivingwithoutthehauntingfearofhissuffering:aterrifyingdeathfromhisbreathingcondition.“I’mnotafraidofdyingfromaspiritualpointofview,butwhatIwasafraidofwashowI’dgo,becauseI’vewatchedpeopledieinthehospitalfightingforoxygenandclawingattheirmasks,”hesays.（1997年P(guān)assage1）Theauthor’sattitudetowardseuthanasiaseemstobethatof[A] [B] [D]livingwithoutthehauntingfearofhissuffering這一肯定性詞語表達(dá)出自己的態(tài)度是[C]approval。 帶有絕對化或過于表示態(tài)度的詞必錯,如plete/entire/enthusiastic等。而有保留的態(tài)度比較客觀，因此常常是正確選項(xiàng)，如(保留的)/qualified有限制的，有條件的)/tempered(有所控制的)/guarded（慎重的）／consent(贊同)等。Thephrase(word,sentence)“...”(inline...)mostprobably By“...”,thewrier(probably) Whatdoestheauthorprobablymeanby“...”in...Thephrase(word,sentence) Fromthepassage,wecaninferthattheword Accordingtopassage,whatis“...”Whentheauthorsaysthat...,he Weliveinasocietyinwhichthemedicalandsocialuseofsubstancesdrugs)ispervasiveanaspirintoquietaheadache,somewinetobesociable,coffeetogetgoinginthemorning,acigaretteforthenerves.Whendothesesociallyacceptableandapparentlyconstructiveusesofa emisuses?Firstofall,mostsubstancestakeninexcesswillproducenegativeeffectssuchaspoisoningorintenseperceptualdistortions.Repeateduseofasubstancecanalsoleadtophysicaladdictionorsubstancedependence.Dependenceismarkedfirstbyanincreasedtolerance,withmoreandmoreofthesubstancerequiredtoproducethedesiredeffect,andthenbytheappearanceofunpleasantwithdrawalsymptomswhenthesubstanceisdis.(1997年P(guān)assage3)Theword“pervasive”(Line1,Paragraph2)mightmean[A] [B] [C] [D]pervasive后有冒號，起解釋說明的作用。因此通過冒號后的內(nèi)容就可以5%左右的派生詞和合成詞，2%～3%的超綱詞。對于部分超綱而且專業(yè)性較強(qiáng)的詞，在carbohydratsPassage（曲棍球；1993Passage1中的babbling（咿呀學(xué)語，Passage2bureaucratic（，Passage；1994（，Passage5中的mold（霉。但是后來題趨勢中取消了這種形式，其意圖在于如：1996Passage5中的nonfundamentalist（non-非，不；fundament基礎(chǔ)，基本原理；-al形容詞后綴；-ist…主義者。Moreover,demographersseethecontinuingshiftsouthandwestjoinedbyarelatedbutnewerphenomenon:Moreandmore,Americansapparentlyarelookingnotjustforceswithmorejobsbutwithfewerpeople,too.Someinstances—Regionally,theRockyMountainstatesreportedthemostrapidgrowthrate—371percentsince1970inavastareawithonly5percentoftheUSpopulation.Amongstates,NevadaandArizonagrewfastestofall:635and531percentExceptforFloridaandTexas,thetop10inrateofgrowthiscomposedofWesternstateswith75millionpeople—about9persquare.（1998年P(guān)assage4）Theword“demographers”(line1,paragraph8)mostprobablymeanspeopleinfavorofthetrendofadvocatesofmigrationbetweenscientistsengagedinthestudyofconservativesclingingtooldpatternsofdemographersdemo=people,graph=writeer指人。因而猜出它指“記錄Itisalsolessthanmostforecastershadpredicted.Inlate1994thepanelofeconomistswhichTheEconomistpollseachmonthsaidthatAmerica’sinflationratewouldaverage35%in1995Infact,itfellto26%inAugust,andisexpectedtoaverageonlyabout3%fortheyearasawhole.InBritainandJapaninflationisrunninghalfapercentagepointbelowtheratepredictedattheendoflastyear.Thisisnoflashinthepanoverthepastcoupleofyears,inflationhasbeenconsistentlylowerthanexpectedinBritainandAmerica.（1997Passage5）Thesentence“Thisisnoflashinthepan”(Line5,Paragraph3)meansthelowinflationratewilllastforsometheinflationratewillsoontheinflationwilldisappearthereisnoinflationat此題需要根據(jù)上下文推測句意。在Thisisnoflashinthepan之前，作者給出近來、[A]選項(xiàng)“低通貨膨脹率將會持續(xù)一段時間”符合題意。TheAmericaneconomicsystemisorganizedaroundabasicallyprivate-enterprise,market-orientedeconomyinwhichconsumerslargelydeterminewhatshallbeproducedbyspendingtheirmoneyinthemarketceforthosegoodsandservicesthattheywantmost.Privatebusinessmen,strivingtomakeprofits,producethesegoodsandservicesincompetitionwithotherbusinessmen;andtheprofitmotive,operatingundercompetitivepressures,largelydetermineshowthesegoodsandservicesareproduced.Thus,intheAmericaneconomicsystemitisthedemandofindividualconsumers,coupledwiththedesireofbusine