高中英語高考復(fù)習(xí)傳統(tǒng)文化考點(diǎn)素材（中華習(xí)俗）

高考英語中華習(xí)俗考點(diǎn)素材一、餐桌禮儀TableManners(1)(DTablemannersinChinaarequitedifferentfromthoseofwesteners.(2)InChina,it?sokaytotalkwhileeating.However,youmayregarditasrude.(3)Youwillconsideredawell-connected,sociableman,ifyoukeepinvolvedintheconversationallthetime.(4)Don'teatfast!Peopleusuallykeeptheirdiningpaceaccordedwithothers.Andallthedishesshouldnotbeeatenupcompletely.(5)Itisacustomandgoodmannerstoserveteatoaguestwhocomestopayavisit.Thereisnoneedtoaskifheneedsitornot.(6)Itwouldn'tbeconsideredrudebehaviorifhedoesn'teventakeasingledrop.Buthe'dbetterreceivetheteacupwithbothhandsandbowhisthankswhenthecupisbroughtbeforehisface.Whenthehostpourshotwaterintohiscup,hemayalsochoosetotaphisindexfingeronthetable,meaning”thanksv.Nomatterifhelikesitornot,itisimpoliteifhedoesn'tevenlayafingeronthecup.⑴中國(guó)的餐桌禮儀和西方的差別還是很大的。⑵中國(guó)人認(rèn)為吃飯時(shí)可以說話，相反你們會(huì)覺得這很沒禮貌。⑶如果在飯桌上你積極參與談話,別人會(huì)覺得你一定是個(gè)善于交際、人緣很好的人。⑷不要吃得太快,人們往往要跟其他人吃飯的進(jìn)度保持一致。各個(gè)盤子都應(yīng)該留下一點(diǎn)別吃完⑸給上門拜訪的客人上茶確實(shí)是風(fēng)俗禮節(jié),不需要問他要不要喝茶,或者要不要?jiǎng)e的東西。⑹茶端到他面前的時(shí)候,他最好雙手接住茶杯,欠身致謝。主人給他倒茶時(shí)，他也可以在桌面上輕叩幾下食指，表示“叩首謝謝”。不管他喜不喜歡，要是連碰都不碰一下茶杯，那就有失禮貌了。二、餐桌禮儀TableManners(2)(DTablemannersareverystrictduringaChinesemeal.Respecthastobegiventotheelderly.Eachtimeadishisserved,everyonehastowaituntiltheelderpersonstartsor,“tocuttheribbon”.(2)Thefoodisbroughttothetableallthesametimesoeverybodyisonthesamestartingline.ThislacksthewarmatmospherewhichprevailsataChinesedinner.(3)ThismaybethereasonwhyitisalwaysnoisyataChinesedinnerbutquietinaWesternrestaurant.(4)AlcoholisamediumforcommunicatingemotioninChina.Drinkingwithbusinesspartnersorwould-befriendsisawayofsolidifyingfriendship,especiallyinNorthernChina.(5)YouwillbesetfreeataWesternbanquet.Itseemswearekeentomakeitasconvenientaspossibletosavorthewine,itscolor,itsaromaanditsdelicatetaste.(6)Themostimportantthingisthatthegoblet,table-cloth,andplatesshouldbemadeshininglyclean,sothatthecolorofthewineisclearlyvisibleandthedelicatearomaandtastearefullyappreciable.(7)AttheWesterntable,remembertoavoidtalkingsoloundly,ortalkingwithamouthfulfood.⑴中餐還有嚴(yán)格的餐桌禮儀。長(zhǎng)輩要受到尊重。一盤菜上來,大家要先讓長(zhǎng)者舉筷,這被稱作“剪彩”O(jiān)⑵西餐中每個(gè)人點(diǎn)的菜都同時(shí)端上，大家在同一時(shí)間開始用餐,缺少了中國(guó)人相互禮讓的過程,⑶友好的氣氛就差了許多。這也許就是中國(guó)人吃飯熱熱鬧鬧，西方人的餐桌相對(duì)安靜的原因吧O⑷在中國(guó)，喝酒時(shí)情感交流的介質(zhì)。尤其是在北方，和業(yè)務(wù)伙伴或者“準(zhǔn)朋友”喝酒可以增進(jìn)感情O"）西式酒宴上,你可就自由了，我們樂意為品酒創(chuàng)造便利，品味就的顏色、氣味和口感。⑹所以有一點(diǎn)是很重要的,那就是酒杯、桌布和盤子都要擦得一塵不染,為的就是使就的顏色清楚可見,酒的口感和氣味也能感受出來。⑺在西餐桌上,記得不要大聲說話,或邊嚼邊說話?！就卣埂课幕町怌hewingwithyourmouthopen.張開嘴咀嚼食物。ThisistheoppositeofChineseCulturewheretheyappreciatethatyoumakenoisewhileeating.Westernersfeelthisisdisgustingandshowsacompletelakeofmanners.Chewwithyourmouthshut!中國(guó)人喜歡在咀嚼食物的時(shí)候發(fā)出聲響,與中國(guó)文化相反,西方人認(rèn)為這種行為極為討厭,是缺乏禮貌的表現(xiàn)。嚼東西的時(shí)候要閉上嘴巴。Speakingwithyourmouthfull.說話時(shí)滿嘴食物。Thisisconsideredquiterudewhenatthetable.Westernchildrenaretaughtfromaveryearlyagenevertodothis.在餐桌上,這被認(rèn)為是非常粗魯?shù)男袨椤Ｎ鞣饺藦男【褪苓@方面的教導(dǎo)。Pickingteeth/Suckingteeth.剔牙/吮牙。Itisconsideredrudetopickbetweenyourteethwhereotherscanseeyou.Westernrestaurantsusuallydonotsupplytoothpickssoitissometimeshardtodecidewhentoremovefoodstuckbetweentheteeth.Itisusuallybesttoexcuseyourselfandgointothebathroom.當(dāng)著他人的面剔牙是很不禮貌的。西餐廳通常不提供牙簽,所以有時(shí)候很難決定什么時(shí)候該剔牙。當(dāng)確實(shí)需要清理牙縫間的食物時(shí)，最好是上洗手間。Elbowsonthetable.手肘支在桌上。Whileeatingyoushouldbesittingstraightup.Donotputyourelbowsonthetable.Puttingyourelbowsonthetablewillmakeyoulooklikeafarmer.用餐時(shí)應(yīng)該身體坐直,手肘不要支在餐桌上。把手肘放在桌子上會(huì)讓你看起來像個(gè)農(nóng)民。Spittingfood（bones,skin,etc.）outofyourmouth.直接從嘴里吐出食物（骨、皮等）。ThisisnotdoneinWesternrestaurants.Ifyoudoneedtotakesomethingoutofyourmouth,bringyournapkinuptoyourmouthandplacetheiteminit.在西方的餐廳里你是見不到這一幕的。真要這樣做的話,應(yīng)該把紙巾拿到嘴邊,吐在紙巾上。Pickingupyourplateorbowl.捧起碗碟。Theythinkthatonlychildrendothis.Don'tleanoverandslurpfromtheplateonthetableeither.Foodmustbetransportedfromthedishtoyourmouthwithaforkoraspoon.Ifyou'renervousaboutusingaknifeandfork,buyasetandpracticeathomeuntilyoufeelcomfortable.西方人覺得這是小孩子才會(huì)有的舉動(dòng)。也不要把嘴放在碗邊直接吸取食物。要用勺子或叉子把食物放進(jìn)嘴里。如果你不習(xí)慣用刀叉,那就買一套放在家里練習(xí)如何使用，直到運(yùn)用自如。Speakingloudly.大聲講話。AllWesternerstrytokeeptheconversationtotheirowntable.Ifthewholerestaurantcanhearyou,youarespeakingtooloudlyanditwillbeconsideredrude.Infact,somewesternersfinditdifficulttodobusinessinChineserestaurantsbecausethenoiselevelisjusttoohigh.用餐時(shí)，西方人只會(huì)與同桌的人交談。如果整個(gè)餐廳都會(huì)聽到你的“演講”，那你的聲音就太大了。實(shí)際上,一些西方人認(rèn)為在中國(guó)的餐館里談生意是件很理難的事情，因?yàn)樵胍籼罅?。Passinggas/Belching/Burping.放屁/打嗝。Thisisconsideredrudeinanysituation.Ifyoudoneedtopassgas,excuseyourselfandgotothebathroom.Ofcoursesometimesthisisoutofyourcontrol.Ifyouaccidentallypassgasloudlyinfrontofothers,youneedtosay,“excuseme”andquicklystarttalkingaboutsomethingtodistractthepeoplearoundyou.DONOTdiscussanydetailsaboutyourgas,oranybodilyfunctionatthetable.在任何場(chǎng)合下放屁或打嗝都是不雅的。如果確實(shí)需要的話,要上洗手間解決。當(dāng)然也有失控的時(shí)候。如果不小心當(dāng)眾放了響屁，要說“對(duì)不起”，而且要很快轉(zhuǎn)移話題。千萬不要大談特談“人之氣”，也不要再餐桌上談?wù)撊魏闻c身體器官有關(guān)的內(nèi)容。Cleaningearswithfingernails.用指甲挖耳孑L。Thisisnotdoneinpublic.Itshouldn，tbedoneinprivateeither!It'sdangerous.Useacottonswab!千萬不要再大庭廣眾下用指甲挖耳。在沒人的地方也不要這樣做!用指甲挖很危險(xiǎn),最好用棉簽。Smoking.吸煙。Whileothersarestilleatingorevenwheneveryonehasfinishedeating,itispolitetoasktheirpermissionifyoucansmokeatthetable.Inmanywesternrestaurantsyouwillbeaskedifyouprefertobeseatedinthesmokingornon-smokingsection.Ifyourhostchoosesthenon-smokingsection,youwillhavetoexcuseyourselffromthetabletosmoke.當(dāng)其他人還沒有吃完,或者就算所有人都用完餐,如果要抽煙的話,要禮貌地征得大家的許可。在很多西餐廳里，你會(huì)聞到是愿意在吸煙區(qū)還是非吸煙區(qū)就差那。如果主人選擇了非吸煙區(qū)，那你想抽煙時(shí)要征得同桌人的同意到外面去抽。三、中國(guó)人崇尚的顏色China'sFavoriteColors(l)Chinesepeopleseemtoliketheredandyellowclorsalot.ThetwocolorsareusedfortheChinesenationalflag.(2)MaybebecausetheHansoriginatedintheYellowRiverPlateau,aregionwhereyellowwastheprevailingcolor.YellowwasalsothecolorrepresentingtheimperialcourtintraditionalChina.DuringtheSuiDynasty,yellowwasofficiallydesignatedastheexlusivecolorfortheimperialfamily.(4)Inoldentimes,apersoncouldbebeheadedforthemisuseofyellow.(5)Redrepresentshappiness.Forexample,theword“doublehappiness”usedforweddingisred.Thebridewearsredclothes,whichisdifferentfromthewhitegownsoftheWest.(6)DuringChineseSpringFestival,peoplewillgivehongbao,orredenvelopeswithmoneyinsidetothechildrenaswellwishes.Coupletshangingonbothsidesofthedoorsarewritteninred.⑴中國(guó)人似乎很喜歡紅黃兩色。中國(guó)的國(guó)旗就是由這兩種顏色組成。⑵這也許是因?yàn)闈h民族的發(fā)源地是黃土高原,這個(gè)地域滿目黃土之色。⑶在中國(guó)古代,黃色是皇權(quán)的象征。從隋朝起,黃色成為皇家專用的顏色。(4)古時(shí)用錯(cuò)了黃色會(huì)殺頭⑸紅是喜慶的象征。比如結(jié)幅時(shí)的雙喜字是紅色的,新娘要穿紅色的嫁衣，這與西方穿白色婚紗不同。⑹春節(jié)時(shí),送晚輩壓歲錢要用紅紙包了，稱“紅包”，以示吉祥。對(duì)聯(lián)也是用紅紙書寫，貼在大門的兩側(cè)。四、喝茶TheTea-Drinking四、喝茶TheTea-Drinking(1)(3)Didyouknowthattea,themostpopulardrinkintheworld,wasinventedbyaccident.(4)Someleavesfromanearbybushfellintotheboilingwaterandremainedtherebeforesometime.(5)TheemperorShenNungnoticedthatleavesinthewaterproducedapleasantsmell.(6)Theteabagwasnotmadewithdrinkinginmind.(7)Ateaimporterwassendingoutsamplesofteathatwerepackagedinsilkbags.Notknowinganybetter,hiscustomersputtheentirebagsintothepotandaddedhotwater.Itturnedoutthattheteatastedfine,andthecustomerslikedhoweasythebagsweretocleanup.⑴你知道嗎？除了水,世界上最受歡迎的飲料就是茶了。⑵茶起源于中國(guó)。⑶你知道嗎?世界上最流行的飲料一一茶,是在偶然的機(jī)會(huì)里被發(fā)明出來的。⑷當(dāng)時(shí)附近樹上落下幾片葉子,飄到開水里,在水里煮了一會(huì)兒。⑸神農(nóng)帝發(fā)現(xiàn)開水中的葉子產(chǎn)生一種香香的味道。⑹茶包本來不是用來喝茶的。⑺曾有一位茶葉進(jìn)口商送了一些用絲質(zhì)袋子包裝的茶葉樣品給顧客。他的顧客不知情,將整個(gè)袋子放在茶壺里泡熱水。結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)茶的為傲不錯(cuò),而且用袋子就比較清理,顧客很喜歡這點(diǎn)。五、TheTea-Drinking(2)W(DTheChinesepeople,intheirdrinkingoftea,placemuchsignificanceontheactof“savoring”.(2)Inclassicalnovels,ifsomeonedrinksteaoutofabigcuptoquenchhisthirst,thewordusedtoillustratethisactionis“drink”,likeacowdrinkingwater.Scholarswouldusefinecupstodrinkteaandthewordtouseis“savour”.(3)Intheolddays,peopleusedironkettlestoboilwater.Teawasplacedinapaperbag.Porcelaincupswereusedfordrinking.(4)Thewatercamefrommeltedsnowwhichwascollectedfromplumblossomtreesthepreviouswinterandstoredundergroundinajar.Noonecollectssnowanymorebecauseofpollutionsopeopleusebottledwaterinstead.(5)Teahascategories:redtea,greentea,WulongteaandPu'ertea.ThefirstthreetypesofteaareprocessedusingsimilarmethodsbutPu'erteausesatotallydifferentmethod.Itcontainsakindoffunguswhichisbelievedtobehealthy.Thefunguswillfermentonitsownaftertheteaisprocessed.That'swhyexpensivePu'erteaisalwaysquiteold.⑴中國(guó)人飲茶，注重一個(gè)“品”字。⑵在古典小說中,某人用大杯喝茶解渴被稱為“飲”，指此人像牛般飲水;而雅士用精致的茶具喝茶被稱為“品”。⑶古人用鐵壺?zé)?用紙袋裝茶,用瓷杯飲茶。⑷泡茶的水是前一年冬天從梅花樹上收集起來的,裝在瓷壇中埋入地下的雪水。因?yàn)槲廴?沒有人再收集雪水泡茶,取而代之的是瓶裝礦泉水。⑸茶大概分為這樣幾種:紅茶、綠茶、烏龍茶和普洱茶。前三種茶的制作方法是一樣的,普洱茶的制作方法則不同。普洱茶本身含有一種有益的霉菌，在制成后會(huì)隨著時(shí)間而自然發(fā)酵。這也是普洱茶年頭越長(zhǎng)越值錢的原因。六、TheSecretofNumbers數(shù)字的秘密(l)InCantonese,thenumber"8"hasasimilarpronounciationto,theworduprosper.”(2)GuangdongisoneofthefirstprovincestobenefitfromChina'sopenpolicy.Thereisalotoftemptationtobecomewealthy,so“8"isaluckynumberforpeopleinGuangdong."6"isoftenassociatedwithsmoothness.Manypeopleliketochooseadatefortheirweddingswhichincludesthenumber“6”.(4)lncontrast,"4"istheleastfavorable,becauseitsoundsverysimilartotheword,“death”.Manybuildingsdonot,even,usethenumberf