初中英語中考語法考點(diǎn) 專題八動(dòng)詞及動(dòng)詞短語

專題八動(dòng)詞及動(dòng)詞短語考點(diǎn)1

系動(dòng)詞系動(dòng)詞有一定意義,但不能獨(dú)立作謂語,必須與表語一起構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu)。常用連系動(dòng)詞詞義示例be是Iamagirlwithshorthair.become成為,變得MikebecomesinterestedinChinese.turn變得Mr.White'sfaceturnedred.get變得Theweatherisgettingbad.smell聞起來Theflowerssmellnice.常用連系動(dòng)詞詞義示例sound聽起來Theplansoundsgood.taste品嘗Thesouptastesdelicious.seem看起來；似乎Itseemsthatyou'reright.feel感到；摸起來Thecoatfeelsverysoft.look看起來Mymotherlooksveryyoung.stay保持Theshopstaysopentill8p．m.grow成長；變得Herhairisgrowingwhite.keep保持Thegirlkeepssilentallthetime.注意：陳述句變疑問句時(shí),除be之外的系動(dòng)詞一定要借助助動(dòng)詞do,does或did等完成。【典例剖析】(2020·新疆)—Look,Cindy.Theflowersinourclassroomcomeoutinonenight.—That'sfantastic！Theyarebeautifulandcolorful.They________nice.A.smells

B.smell

C.sounds

D.sound剖析：句意：——看,辛迪。我們教室里的花一晚上就開花了?！袅耍∷鼈兠利惗嗖?。它們________很香。本句主語是they,復(fù)數(shù),可知謂語動(dòng)詞使用原形,可知排除A和C。smell聞起來；sound聽起來。根據(jù)常識(shí)可知花應(yīng)是聞起來很香,故選B?？键c(diǎn)2

助動(dòng)詞助動(dòng)詞本身沒有意義,不能單獨(dú)作謂語,只能和行為動(dòng)詞一起構(gòu)成謂語,表達(dá)時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)、語氣等特征,幫助構(gòu)成否定、疑問、強(qiáng)調(diào)、省略等。常用助動(dòng)詞用法beam/is/are＋現(xiàn)在分詞→現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)was/were＋現(xiàn)在分詞→過去進(jìn)行時(shí)be＋過去分詞→被動(dòng)語態(tài)do形式有do,does,did,用于構(gòu)成疑問句和否定句,或用在動(dòng)詞前加強(qiáng)語氣havehave/has＋過去分詞→現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)had＋過去分詞→過去完成時(shí)have＋been＋現(xiàn)在分詞→現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)will/shallwill/shall＋動(dòng)詞原形→一般將來時(shí)would/should＋動(dòng)詞原形→過去將來時(shí)【典例剖析】(2020·天水)Let'smeetattheschoolgate,________？A.shallwe

B.shallyouC.willweD.willyou剖析：句意：讓我們?cè)趯W(xué)校門口見面,________？本題考查反意疑問句中對(duì)助動(dòng)詞和人稱代詞的選擇。shall用于第一人稱的疑問句中,表示征求對(duì)方意見；let's是letus的縮寫形式,因此人稱代詞選擇us的主格形式we。故選A。考點(diǎn)3實(shí)義動(dòng)詞分類用法例句按句法功能分及物動(dòng)詞及物動(dòng)詞本身意義不完整,需要接賓語才能使其意思表達(dá)完整。如：tell,take,ask,make,like,see,buy,show,find,invent,forget,offer等Iwilltellhimthetruth.我將告訴他真相。HereachedCanadathedaybeforeyesterday.他前天到達(dá)加拿大。Theyaskedmetogofishingwiththem.他們讓我跟他們一起去釣魚。不及物動(dòng)詞不及物動(dòng)詞本身意思完整,無須接賓語,構(gòu)成“主語＋謂語”的句型,如：agree,listen,look,arrive,swim,sleep,sit,smile,come等,如后面接賓語,必須與介詞連用Birdscanfly.鳥會(huì)飛。Therainstopped.雨停了。Shespokeatthemeetingyesterdayevening.她在昨天晚上的會(huì)議上發(fā)了言。分類用法例句按動(dòng)作發(fā)生過程的長短分延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞表示能夠延續(xù)的動(dòng)作,如：study,work,stand,lie,know,walk,keep,have,wait,watch,sleep,live,stay等。可以與表示時(shí)間段的狀語(for＋時(shí)間段,since＋時(shí)間點(diǎn),since從句)連用Heworkedalldayinthefields.他在地里干了一天活。HestayedinLondonforoveramonth.他在倫敦待了一個(gè)多月。Hehaslivedheresincethreeyearsago.自從三年前他就住在這里了。非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞也稱短暫性動(dòng)詞/瞬間動(dòng)詞,表示不能延續(xù)的動(dòng)作,如：buy,come,die,fail,find,finish,go,join,kill,leave,lend,lose,sell,start,stop,borrow等。不能與表示時(shí)間段的狀語連用Theyreachedthevillageintheafternoon.下午他們抵達(dá)了那個(gè)村子。Ihaven'tfinishedtheworkyet.這項(xiàng)工作我還沒有干完。Shestoodupandlefttheroom.她站起身離開了房間。注意：有些動(dòng)詞既可以作及物動(dòng)詞,又可以作不及物動(dòng)詞,如：begin,start,answer,sing,close,consider,insist,read,learn,prepare,pay,hurt,improve等。如：Thelittlegirlsingswell.這個(gè)小女孩唱歌唱得好。ThelittlegirlissinginganEnglishsong.這個(gè)小女孩正在唱一首英文歌。常見近義動(dòng)詞(詞組)辨析含義動(dòng)詞(詞組)用法四個(gè)“說”speak作及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)后接表示語言的名詞,表示“說；講”say常跟直接引語或間接引語,表示說的內(nèi)容talk是不及物動(dòng)詞,常跟介詞to或with,意為“同……談話”,也表示具有說話能力tell意為“告訴”,與story連用,意為“講故事”含義動(dòng)詞(詞組)用法四個(gè)“拿”bring帶來；拿來”,表示拿到靠近說話人的地方take“拿去；帶走”,表示拿到遠(yuǎn)離說話人的地方carry“扛；搬；用力移動(dòng)”,沒有方向性fetch“去??；去拿”,表示往返拿東西四個(gè)“看”see“看見”,表示結(jié)果look“看”,表示動(dòng)作,是不及物動(dòng)詞,后面需加介詞at才能跟賓語watch“觀看(比賽、電視等)”read“看(書、報(bào)等)”,表示閱讀含義動(dòng)詞(詞組)用法四個(gè)“花費(fèi)”spend人作主語,表示“花費(fèi)時(shí)間或金錢”,常用于固定句型：spendtime/moneyonsth./(in)doingsth.cost物作主語,表示“某物花費(fèi)多少錢”take表示“花費(fèi)一段時(shí)間做某事”,常用于固定句型：It＋takes＋一段時(shí)間＋todosth.pay常與介詞for連用,表示“為……(物)支付(錢)”含義動(dòng)詞(詞組)用法四個(gè)“贏,輸”lose意為“輸給某人”,固定搭配為losetosb.fail意為“失敗”或“未做成某事”beat意為“打敗”,后接人或某個(gè)團(tuán)隊(duì)win意為“贏”,后接榮譽(yù)、地位、比賽等四個(gè)“參加”join一般指加入“黨派”或“組織”并成為其中一員,如參軍、入黨、入團(tuán)等joinin指參加競賽、娛樂、游戲等活動(dòng)takepartin指參加聚會(huì)或群眾性活動(dòng)attend一般指出席會(huì)議、典禮、婚禮等正式場合含義動(dòng)詞(詞組)用法四個(gè)“變化”turn指在顏色和性質(zhì)等方面與以前的完全不同get天變黑、變長或變短,強(qiáng)調(diào)的是“漸漸變得”become強(qiáng)調(diào)變化的過程已經(jīng)完成grow主要表示逐漸變化,強(qiáng)調(diào)變化的過程三個(gè)“借”borrow非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞,表示主語“借入”,常用搭配borrowsth.fromsb.lend非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，表示主語“借出”,常用搭配lendsth.tosb.或lendsb.sth.keep延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞,表示“長時(shí)間地借”含義動(dòng)詞(詞組)用法三個(gè)“到達(dá)”getgetto＋地點(diǎn)名詞reach及物動(dòng)詞,后面可直接跟地點(diǎn)名詞arrivein＋大地點(diǎn)(名詞)at＋小地點(diǎn)(名詞)三個(gè)“穿”dressdresssb.“給某人穿衣服”dresssb.up“打扮某人”puton“穿上；戴上”,表示動(dòng)作wear“穿著；戴著”,表示狀態(tài)【典例剖析】(2020·安徽)—Hi,Jill.I'dliketosharewithyouthelatestnewsabouttheheightofQomolangma.—Really？Makesurethenewsistruebeforeyou________it.A.receive

B.spread

C.cancel

D.hear剖析：句意：——嗨,吉爾。我想跟你分享關(guān)于珠穆朗瑪峰高度的最新消息?！娴膯幔吭谀鉥_______這條消息前,要確保它是真的。receive接收；spread傳播；cancel取消；hear聽到。根據(jù)“I'dliketosharewithyouthelatestnewsabouttheheightofQomolangma”及“Makesurethenewsistrue”可知,吉爾告訴對(duì)方,在傳播關(guān)于珠穆朗瑪峰高度這條消息前,要確保它是真的,所以空格處填spread。故選B?？键c(diǎn)4

動(dòng)詞短語(或短語動(dòng)詞)同一動(dòng)詞＋不同介詞/副詞

give短語giveaway贈(zèng)送；捐贈(zèng)giveout分發(fā)giveoff發(fā)出(光、熱等)giveup放棄givein屈服；讓步giveback歸還look短語lookafter照顧lookfor尋找lookat看looklike…看起來像……lookbackon回顧lookout＝becareful＝takecare留神；當(dāng)心lookup查找；查閱lookinto調(diào)查lookover仔細(xì)檢查lookthrough快速瀏覽lookdownupon看不起；輕視lookforwardto期望；盼望lookupto尊敬；仰慕同一動(dòng)詞＋不同介詞/副詞

get短語getback回來；取回getoff下車geton上車geton/alongwith與……相處getover克服getup起床getto到達(dá)gettogether相聚getcloseto接近go短語goaway走開；離去goback回去goby走過；(時(shí)間)消逝goover復(fù)習(xí)；審閱gooff(鬧鐘等)發(fā)出響聲goon繼續(xù)godown下降gothrough通過；經(jīng)受；瀏覽come短語comealong跟隨；出現(xiàn)comeback回來comeon加油；趕快comeout出版cometrue變?yōu)楝F(xiàn)實(shí)comeupwith提出；想出同一動(dòng)詞＋不同介詞/副詞

put短語putaway收起來；放在一邊putdown放下putup搭建；張貼puton穿上；上演；增加(體重)putoff推遲putout撲滅take短語takeafter與某人相像takeaway拿走takedown拿下；記下takein吸入takecare當(dāng)心；小心takeout取出takeon呈現(xiàn)takeup從事；開始；占據(jù)(時(shí)間、空間等)turn短語turndown調(diào)低音量；拒絕turnin上交turnon打開turnoff關(guān)閉turnup調(diào)高音量turnout結(jié)果……不同動(dòng)詞＋同一介詞/副詞at短語arriveat到達(dá)laughat嘲笑lookat看knockat敲pointat指向shoutat對(duì)……大喊throwat投向aimat瞄準(zhǔn)；旨在away短語giveaway贈(zèng)送；捐贈(zèng)moveaway搬走putaway收起來；放在一邊runaway逃離throwaway扔掉takeaway拿走keepawayfrom遠(yuǎn)離off短語breakoff突然停止cutoff切除giveoff發(fā)出(光、熱等)getoff下車gooff(鬧鐘等)發(fā)出響聲putoff推遲takeoff脫下；起飛turnoff關(guān)掉setoff動(dòng)身；啟程shutoff關(guān)閉；停止運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)不同動(dòng)詞＋同一介詞/副詞on短語comeon加油；趕快geton上車keepon繼續(xù)passon傳遞tryon試穿turnon打開dependon依靠holdon別掛電話puton穿上；上演；增加(體重)workon從事feedon靠……為生with短語agreewith同意beginwith以……開始dealwith解決；處理catchupwith趕上comeupwith提出connectwith與……相連getalongwith與……相處不同動(dòng)詞＋同一介詞/副詞up短語bringup教育；培養(yǎng)cheerup使振奮cleanup打掃干凈

cutup切碎giveup放棄growup成長hangup掛斷電話hurryup趕快lookup查找；查閱mixup混合pickup撿起putup搭建；張貼stayup熬夜showup出現(xiàn)wakeup醒來turnup調(diào)高音量setup建立；創(chuàng)辦dressup裝扮makeup編造；化妝useup用完takeup從事；開始；占據(jù)(時(shí)間、空間等)注意：對(duì)于“動(dòng)詞＋副詞”類的短語,如果是名詞作賓語,那么這個(gè)名詞既可以放在短語之間也可以放在短語的后面,但是如果是代詞作賓語,則代詞一定要放在短語之間。如：Heturnedoffall_the_lights

whenheleft.當(dāng)他離開時(shí),他關(guān)上了所有的燈。Hepickedit

upandgaveittome.他撿起它,然后把它交給了我?！镜淅饰觥?2020·廣元)ThesongDream

It

Possible

oftenremindsmethatweshouldalwaystryourbestandnever________catchingourdreams.A.giveup

B.takeup

C.putup剖析：句意：歌曲《夢(mèng)想成真》經(jīng)常提醒我記得我們應(yīng)該總是盡我們最大努力,永遠(yuǎn)不要________追逐我們的夢(mèng)想。giveup放棄；takeup占據(jù)；putup張貼。根據(jù)“tryourbest”可知此處用動(dòng)詞短語giveup表示“不要放棄追逐夢(mèng)想”。故選A。單項(xiàng)選擇(

)1.(2020·襄陽)—Can

yourlittlebrother________from1to100?—Yes.Hebegantolearntosaythesimplenumbersattheageofone.A.count B.hearC.guess D.spreadA(

)2.(2020·泰州)—Song

of

Autumn

byLiuYuxidescribesautumninadifferentway.—Iagree.Mostpoets(詩人)describethisseasonto________afeelingofsadness，butinLiu'seyesautumnisfulloflifeandhope.A.excuse B.express C.expect D.explain(

)3.(2020·撫順、本溪、遼陽)Don't________whatshouldbedonetodaytilltomorrow.A.putoff B.cutoffC.takeoff D.turnoffBA(

)4.(2020·青島)Pleaserememberto________theelectricityandwaterbeforeyouleavethelaboratory.A.takeoff B.shutoffC.gooff D.putoff(

)5.(2019·宜昌)—About20millionp