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一、選擇題(18)
泰安市2019年中考語(yǔ)文試卷下列各句中劃線字的字音有誤的一項(xiàng)是( )A.我就陪父親在門(mén)檻(kǎn)上休息一會(huì)兒,他那顆很倔的頭顱埋在膝(xī)蓋里半晌都沒(méi)動(dòng)。(qiàn)慌亂。C.這是達(dá)卡多拉游泳場(chǎng)的八千名觀眾一齊翹(qiáo)首望屏(bǐng)息斂聲的一剎那。它們?cè)邶埐蹆蛇叺臑┍谏仙㈤_(kāi)來(lái)或鉆石覓縫汩如泉或淌過(guò)石板(chán)潺成溪2.下列各句中劃線的詞語(yǔ)有錯(cuò)別字的一項(xiàng)是( )在李公仆同志被害之后,警報(bào)迭起,形勢(shì)緊張。有幾個(gè)園里有古老的藤蘿,盤(pán)曲嶙峋的枝干就是一幅好畫(huà)。我一直盯著父親,看他鄭重其是地帶著兩個(gè)女兒和女婿向那個(gè)老水手走去。D.疏林薄霧,農(nóng)舍田疇,春寒料峭下列各句中劃線成語(yǔ)運(yùn)用正確的一項(xiàng)是( A.春天像小姑娘,花容月貌的,笑著,走著。B.隊(duì)伍分散開(kāi)去,摩肩接踵,前后長(zhǎng)達(dá)一英里左右。C.假如恨比愛(ài)多,小屋就凄風(fēng)苦雨,愁云慘霧,你會(huì)精神悲戚壓抑,煢煢孑立。D.但是大手筆只選擇兩三件事輕描淡寫(xiě)一下,完全境遇便呈露眼前,栩栩如生。下列各句沒(méi)有語(yǔ)病的一項(xiàng)是( )A.毫無(wú)疑問(wèn),能否在核心技術(shù)上取得突破,是實(shí)現(xiàn)新舊動(dòng)能轉(zhuǎn)換的基礎(chǔ)。B.由于青少年缺乏分辨力,容易被不良信息誘導(dǎo),產(chǎn)生思想行為上的偏差。C.中國(guó)國(guó)家館以科技與藝術(shù)的巧妙結(jié)合,帶給參觀者新穎刺激的多維體驗(yàn)。D.作為一項(xiàng)綠色、低碳的戶外活動(dòng),堅(jiān)持騎自行車(chē)強(qiáng)化了塑身效果是有效的5.下列各句中標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)運(yùn)用錯(cuò)誤的一項(xiàng)是( )“阿發(fā)、阿發(fā)、這邊是你家的,這邊是老六一家的,我們偷那一邊的呢?”下列對(duì)有關(guān)文化和文學(xué)常識(shí)表述錯(cuò)誤的一項(xiàng)是( )英國(guó)女作家夏洛蒂·勃朗特的代表作是《簡(jiǎn)··愛(ài)情和尊嚴(yán)而掙扎奮斗的故事,是一部帶有自傳色彩的長(zhǎng)篇小說(shuō)。二、現(xiàn)代文閱讀Ⅰ(12分)閱讀下面的文字,完成小題。1961即非常純的沙子金剛石的形成與此相同。金剛石中的碳原子被擠壓得異常緊密,它們同樣存在一個(gè)向外擴(kuò)散并且恢復(fù)為普通碳的趨勢(shì)。在通常條件下,這也需要數(shù)百萬(wàn)年。850℃30(也可以在真空中對(duì)金剛石加熱,從而把它恢復(fù)到原始碳的狀態(tài),但誰(shuí)愿意這樣做呢?)強(qiáng)烈擠壓的地方。在一些地方已經(jīng)發(fā)現(xiàn)了斯石英,而且有證據(jù)顯示,這些地區(qū)曾經(jīng)受到巨大隕石的撞擊。撞擊所產(chǎn)生巨大壓力形成的。被熔化,所以任何由火山攜帶而來(lái)的斯石英都被轉(zhuǎn)化為普通的二氧化硅。那么,你可能會(huì)說(shuō)在斯石英出現(xiàn)的地方肯定發(fā)生過(guò)撞擊,而且肯定沒(méi)有發(fā)生過(guò)火山活動(dòng)6500因此可以追溯到恐龍滅絕的年代。198931X他們確實(shí)檢測(cè)到了在斯石英中存在的一種原子排列。6500之前曾被濺到了平流層中。那么,造成恐龍滅絕的原因不是火山活動(dòng),而應(yīng)該是撞擊。下列對(duì)斯石英的說(shuō)明理解有誤的一項(xiàng)是( A.斯石英是蘇聯(lián)科學(xué)家S.M斯季紹夫發(fā)現(xiàn)的。B.C.巨大的撞擊可能產(chǎn)生斯石英。D.斯石英在自然界中并不存在。選文第⑦段各句的順序已經(jīng)打亂,其正確的順序應(yīng)該是( )A.①②④③ B.②①④③ C.②①③④ 對(duì)下列各句中使用的說(shuō)明方法判斷最不恰當(dāng)?shù)囊豁?xiàng)是( )(列數(shù)字)(做詮釋)850℃30(列數(shù)字D.(舉例子)下列對(duì)選文行文特點(diǎn)判斷有誤的一項(xiàng)是( )A.層次清晰,邏輯嚴(yán)密 B.語(yǔ)言準(zhǔn)確,思維活躍C.說(shuō)明透徹,通俗易懂 D.熱情洋溢,風(fēng)趣幽三、文言文閱讀Ⅰ(12分)閱讀下面的文言文,完成小題。生于憂患,死于安樂(lè)舜發(fā)于畎畝之中,傅說(shuō)舉于版筑之間,膠鬲舉于魚(yú)鹽之中,管夷吾舉于士,孫叔敖舉于海,百里奚以動(dòng)心忍性,曾益其所不能。則無(wú)敵國(guó)外患者,國(guó)恒亡。然后知生于憂患,而死于安樂(lè)也。對(duì)下列各句朗讀節(jié)奏劃分正確的一項(xiàng)是( )A.管夷吾/舉于/士 B.曾益/其所/不能C.必/先苦/其心志 D.出則/無(wú)敵國(guó)/外患者下列各句中劃線的字,與例句中劃線的字意義和用法相同的一項(xiàng)是( 例句:征于色,發(fā)于聲,而后喻A.指通豫南,達(dá)于漢陰,可乎?B.至于負(fù)者歌于途,行者休于樹(shù)。C.休祲降于天D.況才之過(guò)于余者乎?下列對(duì)選文中畫(huà)橫線的句子翻譯正確的一項(xiàng)是( )A.內(nèi)心苦惱,堅(jiān)持思考,然后才能有所作為B.C.內(nèi)心憂困,思慮阻塞,然后振作起來(lái)。D.內(nèi)心苦惱,平衡思慮,然后表現(xiàn)出來(lái)。下列對(duì)文章內(nèi)容和寫(xiě)法理解分析錯(cuò)誤的一項(xiàng)是( )文章的開(kāi)頭運(yùn)用了排比句式,形成一種無(wú)可辯駁的氣勢(shì),增強(qiáng)了說(shuō)服力。C.文章列舉六個(gè)成功人士的事例,意在論述發(fā)現(xiàn)人才、培養(yǎng)人才的重要性。D四、詩(shī)歌鑒賞(6)閱讀下面的唐詩(shī),完成小題。野望王績(jī)東皋薄暮望,徙倚欲何依。樹(shù)樹(shù)皆秋色,山山唯落暉。牧人驅(qū)犢返,獵馬帶禽歸。相顧無(wú)相識(shí),長(zhǎng)歌懷采薇。下列對(duì)頷聯(lián)和頸聯(lián)的賞析有誤的一項(xiàng)是( A.頷聯(lián)描繪了一幅山野秋景圖,意境開(kāi)闊。B.兩聯(lián)均用語(yǔ)清新,不事雕球,且對(duì)仗工整。C.D.下列對(duì)這首詩(shī)的理解有誤的一項(xiàng)是( )A.該詩(shī)是現(xiàn)存較早的五言律詩(shī),格律嚴(yán)整開(kāi)唐代律詩(shī)風(fēng)氣之先。B.C.五、默寫(xiě)與綜合題(17分)補(bǔ)寫(xiě)出下列名篇名句的空缺部分。曾子曰“吾日三省吾身 ?與朋友交而不信乎?傳不習(xí)乎《論語(yǔ)》十二章) () ()但愿人長(zhǎng)久, (蘇軾《水調(diào)歌頭·明月幾時(shí)有)予獨(dú)愛(ài)蓮之出淤泥而不染, ,中通外直,不蔓不枝(周敦頤《愛(ài)蓮說(shuō))我報(bào)路長(zhǎng)嗟日暮, (李清照《漁家傲·天接云濤連曉霧)山重水復(fù)疑無(wú)路, (陸游《游山西村)請(qǐng)從“幸福、自信、成長(zhǎng)、土壤、感恩、成功”選取詞語(yǔ)(不少于三個(gè)(50)閱讀下面的文字,按要求做題。據(jù)道,520在中國(guó)市場(chǎng)不受影響。面對(duì)霸凌和圍堵巋然不動(dòng)、保持堅(jiān)挺,華為的這份自信鼓舞人心。這份信心來(lái)源于豐厚的技術(shù)積和自主創(chuàng)新,其背后是華為的 遠(yuǎn)見(jiàn)、 的憂患意識(shí)和多年艱辛苦練的技術(shù)內(nèi)功。在文中兩處橫線上分別填上一個(gè)恰當(dāng)?shù)乃淖侄陶Z(yǔ)(或成語(yǔ)。這份信心來(lái)源于豐厚的技術(shù)積累和自主創(chuàng)新其背后是華為的 遠(yuǎn)見(jiàn)憂患意識(shí)和多年艱辛苦練的技術(shù)內(nèi)功。上面的文字對(duì)你有什么啟發(fā)?請(qǐng)寫(xiě)一段話。作為一家企業(yè), (不超過(guò)40個(gè)字六、文言文閱讀Ⅱ(19分)閱讀下面的文言文,完成小題。王禎,字維禎,吉水人。成化初,禎由國(guó)子生授夔州通判。二年,荊、襄石和尚起義反明,進(jìn)攻四川巫山。督盜同知①王某者怯不救。禎面數(shù)之,即代勒所部民兵,晝夜行。至則城已陷,賊方聚山中。自死所至府三百余里,所乘馬奔?xì)w,血淋漓,毛盡赤,眾始知禎敗,往覓尸,面如生。子廣鬻③馬胸,翌日嘔血死。(節(jié)選自《明史·王傳》有刪節(jié))【注】①同知:官名。②淖(nào:爛泥。③鬻(yù(chèn:棺材。解釋下列句子中劃線的詞語(yǔ)。面數(shù)之 禎擊殺其魁,余盡 ③兩人見(jiàn)賊即走 ④王同知得馬,不償直 把下列兩個(gè)句子翻譯成現(xiàn)代漢語(yǔ)。①至則城已陷,賊方聚山中。②馬驟前項(xiàng),搗其胸,翌日嘔血死。七、現(xiàn)代文閱讀Ⅱ(16)閱讀下面的文字,完成小題?;被s謝冕①春日,友人捎話說(shuō),中天門(mén)的槐花開(kāi)了。他記得我與槐花有個(gè)約定。若有待!我知道,槐花隱忍著推遲她的花期,等著我的到來(lái)。陽(yáng)光下閃著光芒。醉的繾綣纏綿!用一步一步的攀登表示我的虔誠(chéng),用一步一步的跋涉丈量它的偉大。的盤(pán)山古道上。門(mén)。力竭,眾人勸止,改乘索道至南天門(mén)迎我。毛老師于翌年病逝。暗下決心,相約十年為期,重踐槐花之夢(mèng)。2004【注】謝冕,福建福州人,1932兩句在表達(dá)效果上有何異同?八、寫(xiě)作(50)閱讀下面的材料,按要求寫(xiě)作。19101718將到來(lái)之際,你想說(shuō)些什么?請(qǐng)以“我的青春寄語(yǔ)”為話題,寫(xiě)一篇不少于600字的文章。要求:①自擬標(biāo)題;文體不限(詩(shī)歌除外現(xiàn)真實(shí)的人名、校名。如有需要,請(qǐng)用“×××”代替。1.B2.C3.D4.C5.C6.A7(1)D(2)B(3)A(4)D8(1)A(2)C(3)B(4)C9(1)D(2)C10(1)為人謀而不忠乎長(zhǎng)風(fēng)破浪會(huì)有時(shí)安得廣廈千萬(wàn)間千里共嬋娟濯清漣而不妖學(xué)詩(shī)謾有驚人句柳暗花明又一村11樹(shù)就會(huì)苗壯成長(zhǎng)。功的彼岸。12(1)未雨綢繆;居安思危(2)13(1)責(zé)備(數(shù)落;首領(lǐng);逃跑;價(jià)值(等他們(巫山(王某)吐血而死。親自帶兵上陣殺敵。二是不懼生死。身陷敵手,拒不投降,視死如歸。不多余。用戰(zhàn)馬長(zhǎng)途奔?xì)w、嚙項(xiàng)復(fù)仇,襯托了王禎的忠義精神。141它的偉大。相同點(diǎn)是:兩句都使用了擬人手法,寫(xiě)出了槐花的靈性。以此表達(dá)對(duì)槐花的感激之情。①槐花之約。作者對(duì)泰山槐花情有獨(dú)鐘觀賞槐花是踐行十年之約。②是延續(xù)朝圣之約(約作者本次看槐花是赴朋友之約。看槐花的經(jīng)歷讓作者結(jié)交了很多泰山的儒雅朋友。15.略一、單選題
泰安市2019年中考數(shù)學(xué)試卷1.在實(shí)數(shù), ,, 中,最小的數(shù)是( )A.B. C.D.2.2018128點(diǎn)約200公里,遠(yuǎn)地點(diǎn)約42萬(wàn)公里的地月轉(zhuǎn)移軌道.將數(shù)據(jù)42萬(wàn)公里用科學(xué)記數(shù)法表示為( )A.米 B.米C.米 D.米3.下列圖形:其中是軸對(duì)稱圖形且有兩條對(duì)稱軸的是()A.①② B.②③4.如圖,直線,,則C.②④()D.③④A.150° B.180° C.210° D.240°10下列結(jié)論錯(cuò)誤的是( )A.眾數(shù)是8 B.中位數(shù)是8 C.平均數(shù)是8.2 D.方差是6.不等式組 的解集是( )A.B.C.D.如圖,一艘船由 港沿北偏東65°方向航行至 港,然后再沿北偏西40°方向航至港,港在 港北偏東20°方向,則 ,兩港之間的距離為( ) .A.B.C.D.如圖,是的內(nèi)接三角形,過(guò)點(diǎn)的圓的切線交于點(diǎn) 的度數(shù)為( )A.32° B.31° C.29° D.61°一個(gè)盒子中裝有標(biāo)號(hào)為的五個(gè)小球這些球除標(biāo)號(hào)外都相同從中隨機(jī)摸出兩個(gè)球,則摸出的小球標(biāo)號(hào)之和大于5的概率為( )A.B.C.D.如圖,將沿弦 折疊,恰好經(jīng)過(guò)圓心,若的半徑為3,則的長(zhǎng)為( )A.B. C. D.如圖矩形中, , , 為 的中點(diǎn), 為上一動(dòng)點(diǎn),為 中點(diǎn),連接 ,則 的最小值是( )A.2 B.4 C.D.12.下列運(yùn)算正確的是( )A.B.C.D.二、填空題已知關(guān)于 的一元二次方程有兩個(gè)不相等的實(shí)數(shù)根,則實(shí)數(shù)的取值范圍是 .9(每枚黃金重量相同,乙袋中裝有白銀11枚(每枚白銀重量相同,稱重兩袋相同,兩袋互相交換1枚后,甲袋比乙袋輕了13兩(袋子重量忽略不計(jì),問(wèn)黃金、白銀每枚各種多少兩?設(shè)黃金重 兩,每枚白銀兩,根據(jù)題意可列方程組為 .如圖,,以點(diǎn)為圓心,為半徑作弧交 于點(diǎn) 點(diǎn),交 于點(diǎn) ,若 ,則陰影部分的面積為 .若二次函數(shù)的對(duì)稱軸為直線,則關(guān)于 的方程的解為 .在平面直角坐標(biāo)系中直線與 軸交于點(diǎn)如圖所示依次作正方形,正方形,正方形,正方形,…,點(diǎn),,,,…在直線 上點(diǎn),,,在 軸正半軸上則前 個(gè)正方形對(duì)角線的和是 .如圖矩形 中,, , 為 的中點(diǎn), 為 一點(diǎn)將沿 折疊后,點(diǎn) 恰好落到 上的點(diǎn) 處,則折痕 的長(zhǎng)是 .三、解答題先化簡(jiǎn),再求值:,其中 .成績(jī)(50,繪制了如下的統(tǒng)計(jì)圖表(不完整;請(qǐng)根據(jù)以上信息,解答下列問(wèn)題:求出 、的值;5180080已知一次函數(shù) 的圖象與反比例函數(shù)的圖象交于點(diǎn) ,與 軸交于點(diǎn),若 ,且.求反比例函數(shù)與一次函數(shù)的表達(dá)式;若點(diǎn) 為x軸上一點(diǎn), 是等腰三角形,求點(diǎn) 的坐標(biāo).端午節(jié)是我國(guó)的傳統(tǒng)節(jié)日人們素有吃粽子的習(xí)俗某商場(chǎng)在端午節(jié)來(lái)臨之際用3000元購(gòu)進(jìn) 兩種粽子1100個(gè)購(gòu)買(mǎi) 種粽子與購(gòu)買(mǎi) 種粽子的費(fèi)用相同已知 粽子的單價(jià)是 種粽子單價(jià)的1.2倍.求 、 兩種粽子的單價(jià)各是多少?若計(jì)劃用不超過(guò)7000元的資金再次購(gòu)買(mǎi) 、 兩種粽子共2600個(gè),已知 、 兩粽子的進(jìn)價(jià)不變,求 中粽子最多能購(gòu)進(jìn)多少個(gè)?在矩形中, 于點(diǎn) ,點(diǎn) 是邊 上一點(diǎn).若 平分 交 于點(diǎn), 于點(diǎn) 如圖證明四邊形是菱形;若,如圖②,求證: ;在(2)的條件下,若 ,,求 的長(zhǎng).若二次函數(shù)的圖象與 軸分別交于點(diǎn)、且過(guò)點(diǎn).求二次函數(shù)表達(dá)式;若點(diǎn) 為拋物線上第一象限內(nèi)的點(diǎn),且,求點(diǎn) 的坐標(biāo);在拋物線( 下方是否存在點(diǎn) 使?若存在求出點(diǎn) 軸的距離;若不存在,請(qǐng)說(shuō)明理由.如圖四邊形是正方形,是等腰直角三角形點(diǎn) 在 上且,,垂足為點(diǎn).試判斷與是否相等?并給出證明.若點(diǎn) 為的中點(diǎn),與 垂直嗎?若垂直給出證明若不存在,說(shuō)明理由.1.B2.B3.A4.C5.D6.D7.B8.A9.C10.C11.D12.A13.14.15.16.,17.18.19.解:原式當(dāng) 時(shí),原式20(1)解:抽取學(xué)生的人數(shù):(人),(2)解:(3)解:(人)所以,成績(jī)高于80分的共有900人21(1)解:過(guò)點(diǎn) 作軸于點(diǎn)∵∴∴∵∴在 中,∴∴∵經(jīng)過(guò)點(diǎn) ∴∴∴反比例函數(shù)表達(dá)式為∵經(jīng)過(guò)點(diǎn) ,點(diǎn)∴解得∴一次函數(shù)表達(dá)式為(2)解:本題分三種情況①當(dāng)以 為腰,且點(diǎn) 為頂角頂點(diǎn)時(shí),可得點(diǎn) 的坐標(biāo)為、②當(dāng)以 為腰,且以點(diǎn) 為頂角頂點(diǎn)時(shí),點(diǎn) 關(guān)于 的對(duì)稱點(diǎn)即為所求的點(diǎn)③當(dāng)以 為底時(shí)作線段 的中垂線交 軸于點(diǎn)交 于點(diǎn) 則點(diǎn)即為所求由(1)得,在中,∵∴ ∴ ∴ ∴∴22(1)解:設(shè) 種粽子的單價(jià)為 元,則 種粽子的單價(jià)為元根據(jù)題意,得解得:經(jīng)檢驗(yàn),是原方程的根所以 種粽子的單價(jià)是3元, 種粽子的單價(jià)是2.5元(2)解:設(shè) 種粽子購(gòu)進(jìn) 個(gè),則購(gòu)進(jìn) 種粽子個(gè)根據(jù)題意,得解得所以, 種粽子最多能購(gòu)進(jìn)1000個(gè)23(1)證明:∵ 平分 , ,∴ 又∵在中,在中,∴又∵∴∴∴∵ , ∴∴四邊形是平行四邊形∴是菱形(2)解:∵ ,∴,∴又∵,∴∴∴ ∴又∵∴(3)解:∵ ,∴由(2)知∴24(1)解:因?yàn)閽佄锞€過(guò)點(diǎn),∴,又因?yàn)閽佄锞€過(guò)點(diǎn),∴解,得所以,拋物線表達(dá)式為(2)解:連接,設(shè)點(diǎn) .則由題意得∴∴或(舍)∴點(diǎn)的坐標(biāo)為.(3)解:設(shè)直線 的表達(dá)式為,因直線過(guò)點(diǎn)、,∴解,得所以 的表達(dá)式為設(shè)存在點(diǎn) 滿足題意,點(diǎn) 的坐標(biāo)為,過(guò)點(diǎn)作軸,垂足為 ,作 軸交 于點(diǎn) 則 的坐標(biāo)為,,.又軸∴又∵∴∴∴ .在中解得:所以點(diǎn) 到 軸的距離為25(1)解:證明如下:在邊上取 ,連接 、∵四邊形是正方形∴∴∵∴又∵∴又∵∴∴又∵∴又∵∴.(2)解:證明如下:延長(zhǎng)交于點(diǎn)∵四邊形是正方形∴又∵∴∴又∵∴∴∴∴∴是等腰三角形∴泰安市2019年中考英語(yǔ)試卷一、聽(tīng)句子,選擇適當(dāng)?shù)膽?yīng)答語(yǔ)(小題每題1分1.聽(tīng)句子,選擇適當(dāng)?shù)膽?yīng)答語(yǔ)( )A.Byschoolbus. B.LastFriday. C.Wonderful.聽(tīng)句子,選擇適當(dāng)?shù)膽?yīng)答語(yǔ)( )Itwillbecloudy. B.Itwasrainy. C.It'srainingnow.聽(tīng)句子,選擇適當(dāng)?shù)膽?yīng)答語(yǔ)( )Twodaysago. B.Twiceaweek. C.Tenminutes.聽(tīng)句子,選擇適當(dāng)?shù)膽?yīng)答語(yǔ)( )Sorry,Iwon't. B.Idon'tmind. C.Itdoesn'tmatter.聽(tīng)句子,選擇適當(dāng)?shù)膽?yīng)答語(yǔ)( )A.I'mlookingformydictionary.B.Iworkedasavolunteerlastyear.C.I'mlookingforwardtogoingtoseniorhighschool.二、聽(tīng)五段對(duì)話,選擇正確答案。(每題1分)聽(tīng)對(duì)話,選擇正確答案( Whereisthewomangoing?Toahospital. B.Toaschool. C.Toasupermarket.聽(tīng)對(duì)話,選擇正確答案( )Whydotheywearthestrangeglasses?A.Becausetheylikethem.B.Becausetheycankeeptheireyessafe.C.Becausetheywanttobecool.聽(tīng)對(duì)話,選擇正確答案( WhichbookdoesMikelike?TreasureIsland. B.AliceinWonderland. C.JourneytotheWest.聽(tīng)對(duì)話,選擇正確答案( Wherearethetwospeakers?Ontheplane. B.Onthetrain C.Onthe10.聽(tīng)對(duì)話,選擇正確答案( )WhatdoesKatethinkofRobert?A.He'skind. B.He'sfriendly C.Hetalkstoo(1)聽(tīng)對(duì)話,回答問(wèn)題。WheredidMarywatchanEnglishmoviejustnow?Atherhome. B.Inthelibrary. C.Atthecinema.HowmanyEnglishmovieshasMarywatchedsofar?A.64 B.46. WhatproblemdoesMaryhavewhilecommunicatingwithpeopleinEnglish?A.Sometimesshecan'tusegrammarintherightway.Sometimesshecan'tunderstandspokenEnglish.C.Sometimesshecan'tpronouncethewordsclearly.聽(tīng)對(duì)話,回答問(wèn)題。HowlonghasLucyworkedintherestaurant?Forthreeweeks. B.Fortwoweeks. C.Foramonth,WhatdidLucyusetododuringsummervacations?A.Sheusedtostayathome.Sheusedtotravelalot.Sheusedtogocamping.WhatdidPeterdointheafternoonwhencampinglastsummer?A.Heplayedsoccerorbasketball.B.Hewentswimmingorboating.C.Hesangandtoldstories.(113.聽(tīng)短文,回答下面四個(gè)問(wèn)題,選擇正確答案。WhenistheSeaWorldclosed?InFebruary. B.InMarch C.InSeptember.WherecanweseetheshortfilmabouttheA.IntheOfficeCenter.Inthedininghall.IntheVisitorCenter.Whattimedoesthedolphin(海豚)showbeginever)rafternoon?A.At2:00p.m. B.At1:45p.m. C.At2:15p.Howmucharetheticketsfortwoadultsandachild?A.60yuan B.70yuan C.90(2)Mr. Hunt'sMr. Hunt'sadviceToSandyYouYouYoumustplanyourday .mayspendtimeonone everyday.shouldexercisefor minuteseveryToAlexYououtshouldn'tspendhoursplayingfootballafterschoollate. Youcanhelpyourparentsdosomechores.or ToClaudiaSome rulesaregoodforyourdevelopment.You'dbetterhaveatalkwithyourparents ifyoucan't yourfamilyrules.六、完形填空(共10小題;每小題1分,滿分10分)ABC的最佳選項(xiàng)。Mr.Blackwasawealthybusinessman,buthewasnot(1)withhislife.Healwaystriedhisbesttomakemoremoneyforhiscompany.Hedidnotsleepwellandhisfooddidagreewithhim.Thesituationlastedforsometime.Finally,afteranumberofsleeplessnights,he(2)toseehisdoctor.Thedoctoradvisedachangeofsurrounding"Goabroad,"hesaid."ButI'mnotgoodatforeignlanguages,"saidMr.Black."Itdoesn'tmatter,"saidthedoctor."Itwon'thurtyouifyoutalk (3) .onatrip.Takeplentyofexercise.Tryto(4) yourweight.Avoideatingrichfood.Mr.BlackwenttoSwitzerland.HedidnotknowFrenchorGerman,andhadto himselfthroughgestures(手勢(shì)).Hetookpartinaphysicaltrainingcourse.Theinstructor(指導(dǎo)者) (6) himshakehishead,swinghisarms,stretchhisneckandbendhisknees.Hehadtolieonthegroundandraisehisrightandleftlegsinturn. (7) sometimehismuscles(肌肉)grewhardandfirm.Healmostputasidehisfinancial(金融)worriesandforgottheimportanceofmakingmoremoney.Heevenbeganto (9) treesandbirds.Heateandsleptwell.Finallyhereturnedhome.Butunfortunately(不幸地)his didnotlastlong.Soonhewasanormalbusinessmanagain,worriedabouthiswealth,hissavings,hissuccessinacompetitivesociety,andthingsingeneral.(1)A.good B.interested C.satisfied(2)A.decided B.refused C.suggested(3)A.toomuch B.a(chǎn)littleless C.a(chǎn)littlemore(4)A.a(chǎn)dd B.increase C.lose(5)A.express B.say C.talk(6)A.forced B.a(chǎn)sked C.made(7)A.WhileB.AfterC.Past(8)A.nearlyB.neverC.not(9)A.thinkB.a(chǎn)voidC.notice(10)A.worriesB.improvementC.friendship七、閱讀理解(1523016.閱讀理解Whenfacedwithdifficultsituationsintheirlives,manypeoplefindthemtoochallengingandgiveup,especiallyontheirlifedreams.ButnotforGabrielHeredia.Gabrrelisa21-year-oldArgentineanbarber(阿根廷理發(fā)師)whowasbornwithoutButhewasabletogrowuphappyandindependentbecausehealwayshadthesupportoffriendsandfamily.Infact,hisinspirationforsuchworkwashismother,whoisahairdresser.theageof14,hebegantotakeinterestinherworkandlearnedallkindsofhaircuttingskillsfromher.Althoughhefirstsawitasaninterest,Gabrielquicklydecidedthatwashisdreamjob.Gabriel'sfamilysoonhelpedhimopenhisfirstbarbershopinSanIsidro,Peru,heworkedatforoneandahalfyears.There,hemetZlatanGomez,thepresidentofArgentinaCorta,anorganizationforbarberstoconnect,docharitywork,andteachLater,GabrielbecamepartofArgentinaCorta,offeringhisservicestopeopleofallsotheycanbuilduptheskillstheyneedtogetajob.GabrielthenmovedtoBuenosAires,Argentinawherehecutshairtoday.Asabrightandcaringyoungman,Gabrieltrieshardtonotonlybeabarber,butalsomakeaconnectiontheneighborhood.Hesays,"ThethingthatIlikethemostaboutmyjobisthatpeoplecomfortableandstylishwithmycutsandthatmakesmefeelhappy."Gabrielalwaysdoeshisbesttobeindependent.Henevergivesup.Thereisnothinghecan'tdo.Besidescuttinghair,hehaslearnedtorideabike,amotorbikeandeventoacar.Heisnodoubtinspiringothers.WhenGabrielwasborn,whatmadehimdifferentfromothers?A.Hewasbornwithouthands. B.Hisspecialhaircut.C.Hislifedream. D.Hishappinessandindependence.Atfirst,GabrielHeredialearnedhaircuttingskills A.fromZlatanGomez B.fromhismotherC.fromhisfriends D.byhimselfWhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutGabrielHerediaisNOTA.Hetrieshardtomakeaconnectionwiththeneighborhood.Hecannotonlycuthairbutalsodriveacar.HejoinedArgentinaCortaandtaughtothershaircuttingskillsinSanIsidro.HeopenedhisfirstbarbershopinBuenosAireswiththehelpofhisfamily.WhatdoesGabriel'sstorymainlytellus?A.Agoodbeginningmakesagoodending.B.You'renevertoooldtolearn.C.Nothingisimpossibleifyoudon'tgiveup.D.Educationchangeslife.CrazyBubbleRunThe happiestfamilyactivityCrazyBubbleRunThe happiestfamilyactivityEver!Time: 10a.m.Date: November3rdA Money-RaisingEventfortheCityCharityProgramOrganized byUnitedNationsChildren'sFund(聯(lián)合國(guó)兒童基金會(huì)ComeandgetyourBubbleRunBag (T-shirt,numberplate,hairband,waterproof(防水的) bag,colorstickersandwatergun)at9:30a.m.!willbewaitingforyou attheOlympicParkinBeijing!Registration Fees:¥120Student¥150Non-student¥240OneadultwithachildagedFor moreinformation:Tel: 010-8856941340.WhenwilltheCrazyBubbleRuneventbegin?A.At9:30a.m.onOctober1st. B.At10a.m.onOctober1stC.At9:30a.m.onNovember1st. D.At10a.m.onNovemberWhostartedthisrunningevent?UnitedNationsChildren'sFund. B.BeijingMunicipalGovernment.C.CityCharityProgram. D.TheOlympicPark.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaccordingtotheposter(海報(bào)A.Twoadultswithachildaged6shouldpay240forthisevent.Theeventwantstoraisemoney.Wecanknowthewebsiteoftheevent.CrazyBubbleRunisahappyfamilyactivity.閱讀理解ChineseFarmers'HarvestFestivalisthefirstfestivalinChinaforfarmers.Thefestivalstartingfrom2018,fallsontheAutumnalEquinoxeachyear.TheEquinoxisoneofthe24solarterms(oftheChineselunarcalendarandusuallybetweenSeptember22ndand24th,duringthecountry'sharvestseason.Asweallknow,Chinahasthelargestpopulationallovertheworld.Itwasdifficulttofeedthelargestpopulationinthepast.Afterreformandopeningwiththedevelopmentofmodernagriculturepeople'slifeisgettingbetterandbetter,andtheirlivingconditionshaveimprovedalot.ChineseFarmers'HarvestFestivalshowsthatourgovernmentispayingmoreattentiontoagricultureandfarmers'life.Itwillgreatlyencouragefarmerstofarmanddevelopfurthermodemagriculture.ChinahasalonghistoryofChineseFarmers'HarvestFestival,theculturalsymbol,helpstoshowChina'slongculturetotheworld.ItalsoconnectstheexcellenttraditionalChineseculturetomodemcivilizationandimprovestheculturalself-confidenceandnationalpride.Sincethefestivalisespeciallycreatedforfarmers,theyareencouragedtothinktheirownwaystocelebrateharvest.Someactivitiesareheldacrossthecountry,butofthecelebrationswilltakeplaceatalocallevelthatcomesfromlocalcustoms.Also,governmentusuallyhostsallkindsofactivitiesforthefestival,suchasfolkcultureperformances,foodtastingandsoon.Somepeoplethinkthefestivalisthehappiesttimeofayear,evenbetterthantheFestival,becausefoodgivespeopleasenseofsafetyandhope.Forotherpeople,theharvestfestivalisatimetolookbackatthepastandlookforwardtothefuture.WeprobablycelebratetheChineseFarmers'HarvestFestivalon A.September20th B.September23rdC.September25th D.October1stThemainpurposesthatChineseFarmers'HarvestFestivalwascreateddon'tinclude .showingthelonghistoryoffarmingcultureofChinaimprovingChineseculturalself-confidenceandnationalprideC.encouragingChinesefarmerstogiveuplocalcustomsD.connectingthetraditionalChineseculturetomodemWecanlearnfromthethirdparagraphthat A.thecelebrationswillbedifferentlybasedonlocalcustomswesterncountriesalsocelebratetheFanners'HarvestFestivaltheFarmers'HarvestFestivalisoneoftheChinesetraditionalfestivalsTheFarmers'HarvestFestivaliscreatedforbothfarmersandworkersWhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?TheFarmers'HarvestFestivalfallsondifferentdaysindifferentareasinChina.TheFarmers'HarvestFestivalisthebesttimetoharvestcrops(莊稼)intheworld.TheFarmers'HarvestFestivalhasbeencelebratedtwiceinourcountrysofar.China'smodemagriculturehasgreatlydevelopedbecauseofreformandopening.閱讀理解Earlierthisyear,Chinaachievedanewmilestoneinspaceresearch.OnJanuary3,2019,Chang'e-4becamethefirstlunarprobeinhistorytosuccessfullyonthefarsideofthemoon.TheEarth'sgravityslowsthemoon'srotationmatchingittotheofitsorbitTherefore,thefarsideofthemoonisalmost"dark"andhasneverseen.It'sthissenseoftheunknownthatmakesthefarsideofthemoonsuchaninterestingplaceforscientificandspaceresearch.Beingblownbysolarwinds,thefarmayhavethespecialmineralsForthisreason,Chang'e-4willstudytheeffectsolarwindsonthelunarsurfaceandanymineralfoundbythespacecraft.Chang'e-4iscarryingflowerseeds,potatoesandsilkwormeggstoseewhetherlifeispossibleontheIfitis,thenthemoonwillbecomeapossiblechoiceforspacetravelinthefuture.However,researchofthe"dark"sideisn'teasy.Asthefarsideisblockedfromus,radionoisecomingoffEarthisalsoblocked.ThisiswhyChina'srelaysatelliteQueqiaowassentupinMay,2018.ThankstoQueqiao,thecommunicationproblembetweenEarthandChang'e-4hasbeenwellsolved.Powersupplyisalsoachallengetothetask.Chang'e-4getsenergyfromsunthroughitssolarpanels.Asweknow,alunardayhasthelengthof28EarthAfterChang'e-4wassentuponDecember8,2018,ittooktheprobeover20daystoorbitmoontobeinapositiontobeabletolandinmoondaylightanduseitssolarpanels.Luckily,everythinggoeswell,Chang'e-4hasworkedonthe"dark"sideforover5months.Ithassentbackmanyphotosofthefarsideofthemoonandhasbeenusedtocarryoutsomescientificexperiments.theword"groundbreaking"topraisethetaskandwrotethat"itwillofferhelptothehistoryanddevelopmentofthemoon".WhenwasChang'e-4sentup?A.InMay,2018. B.OnDecember8,2018.C.OnJanuary3,2019. D.Thepassagedoesn'ttellus.ThemaintasksofChang'e-4don'tinclude A.studyingiflifeispossibleonthemoonB.studyingtheeffectofsolarwindsonthelunarsurfaceC.solvingthecommunicationproblembetweenEarthandotherprobesD.researchinganymineralfoundbythespacecraftThemeaningoftheunderlinedword"groundbreaking"inthelastparagraphistheto" ".A.harmful B.unpredictable C.risky D.pioneeringAccordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrue?A.Chang'e-4hassentbackmanyphotosofthefarsideofthemoon.B.Alunardayhasthelengthof28Earthdays.C.China'srelaysatelliteQueqiaowassentupinordertoofferpowersupplytoprobes.D.Chang'e-4isthefirstlunarprobeinhistorythathassuccessfullylandedonthesideofthemoon.八、任務(wù)型閱讀(共5小題;每小題2分,滿分10分)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容,從短文后的方框中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。It'snormalforyoutofeelshyandnervouswhenyouareinthenewenvironment.It'snaturaltofeelnervous,orshyinfrontofothersattimes.Ifyouthinkyouaretooshywanttobealittlemoreactive,trythefollowingadvice. Thereisnoneedtohideit.Whenpeoplegettoknowyouareashyperson,mayunderstandyoubetter.Itwillalsohelpyoufeeleasierintalks. Whenyousmile,peoplewillthinkyou'refriendlyandwanttotalkwithyou.Rememberthatallpeoplehavefeelingsandmostpeoplewillstayawayfromanangry-lookingface.Youshouldn'tkeepquietatapartyallthetime.Ifyoufindithardtostartatalk,cansaysomethingniceaboutpeoplearoundyou. Itmustbeveryhelpfulforyoustartatalk!Andafteryoubegintotalktosomeoneorsmileatsomeoneforthefirstremembertosay"Ididit!"toyourself. Thinkaboutmorewaystoenjoythepartyandhavefun.Don'twastetimeworryingaboutyourlookorwhetherallpeoplelikeyouornot.Imaginehowgreatyoufeelwhensomeonesayssomethingnicetoyou.Imaginehowgreatyoufeelwhensomeonesayssomethingnicetoyou.Ibelieveyoucandoit!Trytosmileoften.Tellpeopleyou'reshy.Payyourattentiontoimportantthings.九、單詞拼寫(xiě)(共5小題;每小題2分,滿分10分)It'sgoodmannerstokeepyourv downin22.Thepeacefulmusicwillmakeyoufeelr .23.Themanishappily (描述)whathesawduringhiswintervacation.24.Astheoldsayinggoes,Godhelpsthosewhohelp (他們自己).Weallagreethatthedriverwhodrivesafterdrinkingwine(酒)shouldp .十、選詞填空(共10小題;每小題2分,滿分20分)he, kill,scared,silly,lie,courage,hear,against,fight,stronghe, kill,scared,silly,lie,courage,hear,against,fight,strongOnesunnyafternoon,ayoungdeerandanolddeerwere underatreeinforest.Suddenly,inthedistance,they somesoundsofdogs'barking.Theolddeerstoodupquickly.Hefeltnervousand .Hesaidtotheyoung"Bequick!It'stimetofindaplacetohidein.Thebarkingdogsarefierce(兇猛的)andwill us."Theyoungdeerlaughedandsaid,"Whyshouldwehidefromthedogs?Wearebiggerand thanthem.Wecantoss(扔)themasidewithourbigantlers(Weshouldwiththembravely.Theolddeeradmiredthe oftheyoungdeer,buthedidnotbelievethe"We'dbetterrunawaynow."saidtheolddeer.Theyoungdeerrefusedtorunaway.Hedecidedtofight thedogs.Asdogsranto ,heputdownhisantlersandwantedtotossthemaside.Buthewinthe becausethereweretoomanydogs.Hewaskilledbythedogsintheend.Theyoungdeerlosthislifebecausehedidn'tknowhisstrengthandweakness.Wecanlearnalessonfromthestory.Don'tbelikethe youngdeerwhenweareinWeshouldknowourstrengthandweakness.十一、任務(wù)型閱讀(共6小題;前3小題每題2分,后3小題每題3分,滿分15分)(請(qǐng)注意問(wèn)題后的詞數(shù)要求)Intoday'sworld,themostsuccessfulcompaniesaretheoneswhounderstandhowimportantitistomakecontacts(聯(lián)系)aroundtheworld.However,doingbusinessindifferentcountriesisn'tsimple.Itisimportanttoknowthelocalcustomsandtraditionsoftheyouaredealingwith,whichisthebestwaytoimpress(使…印象深刻)yourhosts.OneexamplethatcomestomindisofaGermancompanythathasrecentlytriedgain)anewcontractinSouthKorea.TheGermanvisitorsarrivedattheKoreancompany'sofficeearlyinthemorningandspentthewholedayinlongmeetings.Bytheevening,theGermansweresotiredthattheypolitelyturneddowntheKorean'sinvitationtogooutfordinneranddrinks,sincetheywantedtoreturntotheirhotelandgetsomerest.TheGermansdidnotunderstandthatinSouthKoreabusinesstalksoftencontinueintotheevening.TheGermansonlycametorealizethattheyoffended(冒犯)theirhostsaftertheyhadlostthecontract.InEuropeortheUSA,businessisseldomdiscussedintotheevening.However,isimportanttobeontimeforameeting.Ifyouare ,yourhostsmaythinkdonotcare.Infact,itisbettertoarriveatleasttenminutesbeforethemeetingThisway,youcanshowhowkeen(youaretodobusinesswiththem.Youwillalsotimetotalkwithyourhostsbeforeyousitdowntodiscussbusiness.However,inmanycountriesmeetingsmaynotstartontime.Therearemany② forthis,suchastransportdifficulties,unusualweatherandthebreakdowncars.Sometimesthetimeofdayisalsoimportant.InSouthAmericaandmanycountriesinsouthernEurope,peoplehaveashortsleepafterlunch.Therefore,ifyoutrytoarrange(排)ameetingfortheearlyafternoon,youmayfindthatnotmanypeoplewill③ orthatyourhostswillbeunhappy.AccordingtoParagraph2,whydidtheGermanspolitelyrefusetheKorean'sinvitationtogooutfordinneranddrinks?(Nomorethan15words)What'sthetraditionofbusinesstalksinSouthKorea?(Nomorethan10words)WhereisitcommonforpeopletohaveashortsleepafterlunchaccordingtoParagraph4?(Nomorethan10words)Fillineachblankinthepassagewithaproperword.① ② ③ TranslatetheunderlinedsentenceinthethirdparagraphintoChinese.Accordingtothepassage,whatshouldwepayattentiontoifwewanttodobusinessindifferentcountries?Why?(Nomorethan25words)十二、書(shū)面表達(dá)(共1題,滿分25分)提示:來(lái)越強(qiáng)大,許多科技世界領(lǐng)先;……提高能力,將來(lái)成為一名……80—100,開(kāi)頭結(jié)尾已給出(不計(jì)入詞數(shù)。Hello,everyone!That'sall.Thankyou!1.C2.A3.B4.A5.C6.A7.B8.C9.B10.C11(1)B(2)C(3)A12(1)A(2)B(3)B13(1)B(2)C(3)A(4)B14.carefully;hobby;thirty;hanging;stand15(1)C(2)A(3)B(4)C(5)A(6)C(7)B(8)A(9)C(10)B16(1)A(2)B(3)D(4)C17(1)D(2)A(3)A18(1)B(2)C(3)A(4)D19(1)B(2)C(3)D(4)C20.D;C;A;E;B21.voice22.relaxed23.describing24.themselves25.punished/prevented26.lying;heard;scared;kill;stronger;courage;against;him;fight;silly27(1)Becausetheyweretiredandwantedtoreturntotheirhotelandgetsomerest.Thebusinesstalksoftencontinueintotheevening.InSouthAmericaandmanycountriesinsouthernEurope.late/absent;reasons/causes/excuses;attend/come/agree而且在坐下來(lái)討論事務(wù)之前你將有時(shí)間和主人/東道主談話。Weshouldpayattentiontothelocalcustomsandtraditional.Becausetheymayhelpmakegoodcontactsindifferentcountries.28.略一、單選題
泰安市2019年中考化學(xué)試卷“綠水青山就是金山銀山已成為國(guó)家意志和全民共識(shí)下列做法不符“建設(shè)美麗中國(guó)保護(hù)生環(huán)境”的是( )為維持好碳、氧循環(huán),大力植樹(shù)造林,減少化石燃料燃燒C.為解決“白色污染”問(wèn)題,應(yīng)將廢舊塑料袋焚燒處理D.為保護(hù)賴以生存的水資源,生活污水、工業(yè)廢水要處理后排2.下列物質(zhì)由離子直接構(gòu)成的是( )銅 B.氧氣 C.水 D.氯化鉀某農(nóng)技站貨架上待售的化肥有NH4NO3、NH4H2PO4、CO(NH2)2,其中缺少的肥料品種是( A.氮肥 B.磷肥 C.鉀肥 D.復(fù)合肥料中華傳統(tǒng)文化博大精深。下列古詩(shī)中不涉及化學(xué)變化的是( A.日照香爐生紫煙,遙看瀑布掛前川C.D.XX()B. C. D.材料是人類社會(huì)物質(zhì)文明進(jìn)步的重要標(biāo)志之一。下列屬于復(fù)合材料的是( A.鋁鋰合金 B.玻璃纖維玻璃鋼 D.PP聚丙烯塑料“天宮二號(hào)”太空艙利用NiFe2O4作催化劑將航天員呼出的二氧化碳轉(zhuǎn)化為氧氣。已知Fe元素的化價(jià)為+3價(jià),則Ni元素的化合價(jià)為( )A.+1 B.+2 C.+3 D.+4正確規(guī)范的操作是實(shí)驗(yàn)成功和人身安全的重要保證。下列實(shí)驗(yàn)操作正確的是()測(cè)定溶液pH B. 配制溶液C. 稱量固體 D. 稀釋濃硫酸物質(zhì)的性質(zhì)決定其用途。下列物質(zhì)的用途中,利用其化學(xué)性質(zhì)的是( )①氫氣用作燃料 ②氧氣用于氣焊 ③干冰用作制冷劑 ④一氧化碳用于煉鐵工業(yè)⑤活性炭吸附水中色素或異味物質(zhì) ⑥氦氣用作保護(hù)氣A.①②③⑤ B.①②④⑥ C.③⑤ 10.下列關(guān)于燃燒現(xiàn)象的解釋或分析正確的是( )abc由圖d中的現(xiàn)象可知,金屬鎂燃燒的火災(zāi)不能用二氧化碳滅11.對(duì)下列化學(xué)用語(yǔ)中數(shù)字“2”含義的說(shuō)法正確的是( )3 2 ①2H ②2NH③SO④⑤Mg2+⑥2OH-⑦HO3 2 A.表示離子個(gè)數(shù)的是⑤⑥ B.表示分子中原子個(gè)數(shù)的是C.表示離子所帶電荷數(shù)的是④⑤ D.表示分子個(gè)數(shù)的是①②我國(guó)擁有自主知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)的硅襯底高光效氮化鎵發(fā)光二極管(LED)像等多個(gè)領(lǐng)域。氮和鎵的原子結(jié)構(gòu)示意圖及鎵在元素周期表中的信息如下圖所示,下列說(shuō)法正確的是( )B.31C.鎵的相對(duì)原子質(zhì)量是69.72gD.氮化鎵的化學(xué)式為GaN我國(guó)女科學(xué)家屠呦呦因發(fā)現(xiàn)青蒿素榮獲2015年諾貝爾生理學(xué)或醫(yī)學(xué)獎(jiǎng)青蒿是一種于治療瘧疾的藥物。下列有關(guān)青蒿素的敘述正確的是( )從宏觀上看:青蒿素分子由碳、氫、氧三種元素組成15225C.從變化上看:青蒿素在氧氣中完全燃燒生成一氧化碳和水D.從質(zhì)量上看:青蒿素中碳、氧元素的質(zhì)量比為9:4下列圖示是化學(xué)概念之間關(guān)系的形象表示,正確的是( )B.C. D.如圖是某化學(xué)興趣小組設(shè)計(jì)的觀察鐵制品銹蝕的實(shí)驗(yàn)裝置。下列相關(guān)敘述中正確的是( )①一段時(shí)間后,鐵絲會(huì)由下向上出現(xiàn)銹蝕現(xiàn)象②一段時(shí)間后,水面處鐵絲銹蝕嚴(yán)重③一段時(shí)間后,塑料瓶會(huì)變膨脹,因?yàn)殍F生銹要放熱④一段時(shí)間后,塑料瓶會(huì)變癟,因?yàn)殍F生銹與空氣有關(guān)A.化學(xué)與生活B.化學(xué)與環(huán)境①常用加熱煮沸的方法軟化硬水②病人輸入葡萄糖溶液能及時(shí)補(bǔ)充能量A.化學(xué)與生活B.化學(xué)與環(huán)境①常用加熱煮沸的方法軟化硬水②病人輸入葡萄糖溶液能及時(shí)補(bǔ)充能量①提倡焚燒秸稈還田以提高土壤肥力②PM2.5C.化學(xué)與安全D.化學(xué)與健康①皮膚沾上濃燒堿溶液,先用水沖洗,再涂碳酸氫鈉溶液②檔案材料失火,可用泡沫滅火器滅火①缺乏維生素C會(huì)引起夜盲癥A.A B.B C.C D.D控制變量是實(shí)驗(yàn)探究的重要方法。下列實(shí)驗(yàn)設(shè)計(jì)不能達(dá)到實(shí)驗(yàn)?zāi)康牡氖牵?)活動(dòng)性強(qiáng)弱B是否發(fā)生反應(yīng)C.探究不同溶劑中物質(zhì)溶解性大小D.探究溫度對(duì)分子運(yùn)動(dòng)快慢的影響A.A B.B C.C D.Da、b、c(不含結(jié)晶水)的溶解度曲線。下列敘述正確的是()t1℃時(shí),a、c20%cabct2b>a=c150gat3t130ga組別溶液中檢驗(yàn)出的離子AK+、Na+組別溶液中檢驗(yàn)出的離子AK+、Na+、OH-、SO2-4BBa2+、Na+、Cl-、OH-CCu2+、Mg2+、NO-、Cl-3DH+、NH+、CO2-、SO2-4 3 4A.A B.B C.C D.DA~GE同,B、C(部分反應(yīng)物、生成物及反應(yīng)條件已略去。下列說(shuō)法錯(cuò)誤的是()A.E→F是一個(gè)放熱反應(yīng)B.D可用于實(shí)驗(yàn)室制取氧氣C.GAGD.B→EC→E二、填空題《2015化石燃料是目前應(yīng)用最廣泛的能源,但不可再生且燃燒會(huì)對(duì)環(huán)境造成污染?;剂习菏秃?;從2015、2030、2050年能源結(jié)構(gòu)變化看,所占比例增加最多的是 ;在新能源開(kāi)發(fā)中,化學(xué)發(fā)揮著不可替代的作用。近年,中科院大連化學(xué)物理研究所研制出一種c是最終制得的汽油中所含物質(zhì)的分子結(jié)構(gòu)模型。①在一定溫度、一定壓強(qiáng)和催化劑存在的條件下,環(huán)節(jié)I除生成CO外,還生成了一種化合物,則應(yīng)的化學(xué)方程式為 ;②觀察圖中c和d兩種物質(zhì)的分子結(jié)構(gòu)模型,發(fā)現(xiàn)c和d的分子組成完全相同,但其分子結(jié)構(gòu)不同,化學(xué)上將其稱為同分異構(gòu)體。你認(rèn)為c和d的化學(xué)性 (填“是”或“)完全相同。22化學(xué)是認(rèn)識(shí)改造和應(yīng)用物質(zhì)的科學(xué)從海水中提取鎂堿都體現(xiàn)了人類改造物質(zhì)的智慧結(jié)合下列流程圖(其中部分操作和條件已略去,請(qǐng)回答相關(guān)問(wèn)題:(填字母序號(hào);Na2CO3溶液BaCl2溶液NaOH母液中有MgCl2,卻經(jīng)歷了步驟Ⅳ、Ⅴ的轉(zhuǎn)化過(guò)程,其目的是 ;步驟Ⅱ中先向飽和食鹽水中通入氨氣,有利于二氧化碳的吸收,這樣做的目的是 寫(xiě)出該反應(yīng)的化學(xué)方程式 ;化學(xué)變化是改造物質(zhì)的重要途徑。上述流程圖中沒(méi)有涉及的基本反應(yīng)類型是 。某興趣小組在探究金屬化學(xué)性質(zhì)時(shí)將鋅粉和鐵粉的混合物加入到盛有一定量硝酸銀和硝酸銅溶的燒杯中,充分反應(yīng)后過(guò)濾,得到濾渣和濾液。實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果有圖1、圖2兩種情況。請(qǐng)回答下列問(wèn)題:1①濾液中一定含有的金屬離子 (填離子符號(hào);②寫(xiě)出一個(gè)產(chǎn)生濾渣的反應(yīng)的化學(xué)方程式 。2①濾渣中一定含 (填化學(xué)式,下同;②濾液中可能含有 。純凈物A是打火機(jī)的常用燃料,其相對(duì)分子質(zhì)量為58。在一定條件下,將一定質(zhì)量的A與按下圖所示充分反應(yīng),當(dāng)B消耗完時(shí),可生成8.8gC和4.5gD物質(zhì)。A物質(zhì)的化學(xué)式為 。三、實(shí)驗(yàn)題下圖是實(shí)驗(yàn)室,制取氣體常用的裝置。結(jié)合圖示回答下列問(wèn)題:寫(xiě)出B圖中儀器Ⅰ的名稱 ;實(shí)驗(yàn)室用加熱氯化銨和氫氧化鈣固體混合物制取氨氣應(yīng)選用的發(fā)生裝置 (填裝置母序號(hào);實(shí)驗(yàn)室利用大理石和稀鹽酸反應(yīng)制取二氧化碳,可選用B發(fā)生裝置,裝置中使用分液漏斗的點(diǎn)是 ;實(shí)驗(yàn)室用雙氧水和二氧化錳制取一瓶干燥的氧氣儀器接口的連接順序是 (導(dǎo)管接口的字母序號(hào);實(shí)驗(yàn)室制取CO2一般有六個(gè)步驟:①檢查裝置的氣密性;②按要求裝配好儀器;③向漏斗中注入酸液向儀器Ⅰ中放入小塊的大理石用燃著的木條靠近集氣瓶口驗(yàn)滿收集氣體則正確操作順序是 (填數(shù)字序號(hào)。四、科學(xué)探究題7(見(jiàn)下圖所示2、3、75345710%NaOH10%Na2CO310%CaCl210%(實(shí)驗(yàn)?zāi)康模俳o試劑瓶貼上正確的標(biāo)簽;②探究部分溶液混合發(fā)生的反應(yīng)。(查閱資料)①CaCl2溶液呈中性,能與Na2CO3發(fā)生復(fù)分解反應(yīng);②Ca(OH)2+NaHCO3=CaCO3↓+NaOH+H2O NaOH+NaHCO3=Na2CO3+H2O(實(shí)驗(yàn)探究)分別取2、3、4、5、7號(hào)溶液于5支試管中,向其中分別滴加1號(hào)溶液,發(fā)現(xiàn)3、4、5號(hào)溶液變紅色,說(shuō)明這3種溶液 (填“酸性“堿性”或“中性,由該實(shí)驗(yàn)可確定的溶液 (寫(xiě)出試劑瓶編號(hào)及相應(yīng)的溶液名稱;25.55g73.65g5515pH2①7號(hào)溶液 (填名稱;②圖1中b點(diǎn)數(shù)據(jù)為 g;③圖2中h→k段發(fā)生反應(yīng)的化學(xué)方程式為 。36的溶質(zhì)可能為①NaOH;②Na2CO3;③NaOH、Na2CO3;④NaOH、Ca(OH)2;⑤ 五、計(jì)算題反應(yīng)時(shí)間/min012345678燒杯內(nèi)所盛物質(zhì)的總質(zhì)量/g46.045.244.8反應(yīng)時(shí)間/min012345678燒杯內(nèi)所盛物質(zhì)的總質(zhì)量/g46.045.244.843.843.843.8試計(jì)算:表中有一數(shù)據(jù)是不合理的,該數(shù)據(jù)的測(cè)得時(shí)間是第 min;水垢中CaCO3的質(zhì)量分 (計(jì)算結(jié)果精確至0.1%。1.C2.D3.C4.A5.C6.C7.B8.A9.B10.D11.B12.D13.D14.D15.B16.A1
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