云南省昆明市2021屆高三模擬考試（三模）英語試題

第頁,共頁第18頁,共18頁第頁,共頁云南省昆明市2021屆高三模擬考試（三模）英語試題第一部分閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，滿分40分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2分，滿分30分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中，選出最佳選項。1.

?Sugarhasbeenlinkedtoseriousdiseaseslikeheartdisease,diabetesandevencancer,whichiswhyit'svitaltocutdownonfoodsanddrinksthatarehighinsugar.Takealookatthedrinksthatcontainasurprisingamountofhiddensugarsandwhatyoushouldbeeatinginstead.

?Fruitjuices

?Whilefruitjuicescancontainsomeimportantvitaminsandminerals,theyaretypicallyfullofsugar.Unfortunately,thefiberthatfruitnaturallycontainsandthathelpsthebodykeepbloodsugarstablehasalsobeenremoved.Tokeepbloodsugarlevelsfromrisingsharply,choosetoeatwholefruitswheneverajuicedesirecomesalong.

?Sportsdrinks

?Sportsdrinksmightseemliketheperfectchoiceforhydrationwhileexercising,buttheycontainahighamountofaddedsugarsastheyweredesignedforathletesduringfierceandlongperiodsofactivity.Theonlypeoplewhoactuallybenefitfromsportsdrinksareprofessionalathletesormarathoners.Unlessthat'syou,juststicktoplainwater.

?Flavoredcoffees

?Flavoredcoffeesaredelicious,buttheycontainhiddensugarsastheyoftenrelyonartificialsyrups(糖漿)forflavoring.Alargeflavoredcoffeeatsomecoffeechainshasupto25teaspoonsofsugar.Youcanstillenjoyyourmorningcupofcoffee.Juststicktounflavoredandunsweetenedversionsandavoidcreamershighinsugar.

?Icedteas

?Icedteascanbeextremelyrefreshingonahotday,butthey'retypicallyover-sweetenedwithsugarorsyrups.Somebrandsoficedteaactuallycontainasurprising33gramsofsugarina355-milliliterserving.So,lookforicedteaswithoutanyaddedsugarormakeyourownathomesoyoucansavemoneyandcontrolwhatgoesintoit.

(1)Howdofruitjuicesbenefitpeople?

A.Theyprovidenecessaryminerals.

B.Theyrefuelpeopleduringsports.

C.Theyenergizepeopleinthemorning.

D.Theyrefreshpeopleonhotdays.(2)Whatarecommonpeopleadvisedtohavewhileexercising?

A.Fruitjuices.

B.Flavoredcoffees.

C.Naturalwater.

D.Icedteas.(3)What'sthepurposeofthetext?

A.Tointroducefournutritiousdrinks.

B.Todiscusstheadvantagesofdrinks.

C.Tosharewaystomakedrinksathome.

D.Towarmreadersagainsthigh-sugardrinks.2.

?

I'dneverheardoftheyangqin-an18thcenturyChinesestringedinstrument-untilthispastSunday,whenIhadthepleasureofhearingEastmangraduateandmusicperformerZhangWenzhuoperformonitinavirtualconcert.

?Wenzhuo,aChinesenative,beganhertrainingontheyangqinatagefive.Whenshewasonly13,WenzhuowasawardedascholarshiptotheArtsSchoolofHebeiProvince;thehighlycompetitiveprogramonlyacceptedasingleyangqinstudenteverytwoyears.Aftergraduation,sheplacedfirstinnationwidecompetitionsandwasadmittedintotheNationalAcademyofChineseTheatreArtsinBeijing,whereshewasawardedherbachelor'sinyangqinperformancein2005.SheobtainedherdoctoratefromBostonUniversityinmusiceducationin2015andstudiedethnomusicologyatEastmanfrom2017to2019.Wenzhuohasperformedwithcountlessorchestrasandgroupsofmusiciansandwoncountlessawardsforherperformances.

?BeforeWenzhuoperformedonheryangqin,shepresentedabriefhistoricalbackgroundoftheinstrument'sorigin,anddiscusseditscontinuedusageuptothepresentday.Determinedbymusicologiststobebasedonthesimilarly-structuredEnglishhammereddulcimer(大揚琴),theyangqinwasfirstusedinChinesefolkmusicperformanceandoperas.Astimewenton,performancesbegantobesponsoredbythecountry,andyangqinperformersweregivenapathtohigherlevelsofsocialmobility.

?Wenzhuoperformedfourpieces,threetracingtheiroriginstocenturies'oldChinesecomposers,andonefromthemodernera.Needlesstosay,Wenzhuo'sperformancessoundedfantastic.Theyangqinisauniqueandbeautifulinstrumentanditssound,coupledwithWenzhuo'smusicalability,allowedthefourgreatlydifferingpiecestostandtogetherasawonderfulintroductiontotheinstrument.

ItwasfascinatingtolearnabouttheyangqinandajoytowatchWenzhuoperformonit.

(1)WhatcanwelearnaboutZhangWenzhuo?

A.Shehasbeentrainedfor13years.

B.Shetoppedmanycompetitions.

C.ShestudiedethnomusicologyinBoston.

D.ShebecameabacheloratEastman.

(2)Whatisparagraph2mainlyabout?

A.Wenzhuo'spersonalities.

B.Wenzhuo'snationality.

C.Wenzhuo'scontributions.

D.Wenzhuo'sschooling.(3)WhatmadeWenzhuo'sperformancesfantastic?

A.Herhighlevelofsocialmobility.

B.Herknowledgeoftheinstrument.

C.Hergiftandthecharmoftheyangqin.

D.Herunderstandingofdifferentcultures.

(4)Howdoestheauthorsoundtowardtheyangqin?

A.Favorable.

B.Curious.

C.Strange.

D.Cold.3.

?Bangladesh'sfloatinggardens,builttogrowfoodduringfloodseasons,couldofferacontinuoussolutionforpartsoftheworldwhicharelikelytosufferfromfloodingbecauseofclimatechange,anewstudyhasfound.

?Bangladesh'sfloatinggardensbeganhundredsofyearsago.Thegardensaremadefromnativeplantsthatfloatintheriversandoperatealmostlikerafts(筏),risingandfillingwiththewaters.Historically,theywereusedtocontinuegrowingfoodduringrainyseasonswhenriverswerefilledwithwater.

?Thefarmerslayertheplantsaboutthreefeetdeep,creatingaversionofraised-bedgardensthatfloatinthewater.Then,theyplantvegetablesinsidethoserafts.Astheraft-plantsrotaway,theyreleasenutrients,whichhelpfeedthevegetableplants.

?Butasclimatechangeaffectedthevolumeofwaterinthoserivers,theresearcherswantedtounderstandwhetherBangladesh'sfloatinggardenscouldbeacontinuousfarmingpractice.Theyinterviewedfarmingfamiliesandfoundstrongevidencethatfloatinggardensprovidestability,bothintheamountoffoodavailabletofeedruralpopulationsandinafarmingfamily'sincome.

?Theyfoundthatfarmerstypicallyusehybrid(雜交)seeds,whichmustberepurchasedeachyear,togrowadiverserangeofvegetablesinthefloatinggardens.Thegardensarealsosensitivetopests,sofarmersendupspendingsomemoneyonbothpesticidesandfertilizers.Butevenwiththoseexpenses,theyfound,benefitsoutweighedcosts.Onefarmertoldtheresearchteamthatheearnsuptofourtimesasmuchmoneyfromthegardensasfromtraditionalricefields.

?However,beforegainingprofits,farmersoftentakeouthigh-interestloans(貸款)tocovertheinvestmentcostsoffillingthebedsandstockingthemwithplants.Luckily;therearealsolower-interestloansfromresponsiblegovernmentornon-governmentalorganizations,whichcouldeasethatburden.

(1)Howdovegetableplantsgrowaccordingtothetext?

A.Byabsorbingnutritionfromraft-plants.

B.Bytakingshelterfromclimatechange.

C.Bylivingtogetherwithhybridseeds.

D.Bymovingupanddownwithraisedbeds.

(2)Whatmightbeareplyfromfarmingfamiliesinterviewed?

A.“Ourlifebecomestoughwhenriversflood.”

B.“Fewervegetablesareplantedwhenwaterrises.”

C.“Weharvestmuchmorefoodduringrainyseasons.”

D.“Climatechangehaslittleinfluenceonourincome.”

(3)Whatdoestheunderlinedword“outweighed”inparagraph5mean?

A.Affected.

B.Brought.

C.Beat.

D.Equaled.(4)Whatcanbeinferredfromthetext?

A.Asolutiontoclimateproblemhasbeenfound.

B.Thegardensarebuiltwithrottednativeplants.

C.Farmersearnmorefromtraditionalricefields.

D.Low-interestloanslightenthestressoffarmers.4.

?ChinahasjustofficiallyopeneditsFASTradiotelescopetointernationalscientists.Scientistsacrosstheworldcansubmitproposalsforastronomicalobservationsusingthetelescope.

?FASTisshortforFive-hundred-meterApertureSphericalTelescope(球面射電望遠鏡)anditisalsobelievedtobetheworld'slargestradiotelescopeandthemostsensitivesingle-dishradiotelescope.ThereceivingsurfaceareaofFASTis250,000squaremeters,aboutthesizeof30standardfootballfields.ItsconstructionwascompletedinSeptember2016anditofficiallybeganoperatinginJanuary2020.

?Themajorscientifictaskofthetelescopeistheobservationofpulsars(脈沖星)–therotatingneutronstars.Thestudyofpulsarscanhelptoconfirmtheexistenceofgravitationalradiationandblackholes,andhelpsolvemanyothermajorquestionsinphysics.AnotherscientificgoalofFASTistosearchforouterspacecivilization.

?ThetelescopeislocatedinanaturallydeepandroundkarstdepressioninsouthwestChina'sGuizhouProvince.Thefirstadvantageoftheselectedsiteisthealtitude.TheaveragealtitudeofGuizhouisabout1,100meters,whichmaximizestheeffectivenessoftheobservationequipment.Secondly,theradiotelescopeneedstohavea"bigpan"toreceivebettersignal.Thehugenaturaldepressioncouldreducetheamountofexcavation(挖掘)anddifficultyofconstruction.Moreover,theselectedsiteinGuizhouisfarawayfromcities,andhasasmallpopulation,whichreducestheinterference(干擾)causedbywirelessdevicessuchasTVs,mobilephonesandradiosfromhumanactivities.

?FASThasidentifiedover300pulsars.Expertspredictthatthenumbercouldreach1,000infiveyearsandthatthetelescopecouldlocateandidentifythefirstpulsaroutsidethegalaxy.Withtheopening-uptointernationalscientists,China'sFASTisexpectedtomakemorecontributiontoastronomicalresearchinthefuture.

(1)WhatdoweknowaboutFAST?

A.Itisopenedtoglobalscientists.

B.Itisaprojectunderconstruction.

C.Ithasprovidedservicesince2016.

D.Ithasfoundapulsaroutsidethegalaxy.

(2)WhatisthemaintaskofFAST?

A.Tostudyblackholes.

B.Toobservethepulsars.

C.Toexplorethesun.

D.Toseekspacecivilization.(3)What'sspecialabouttheselectedsite?

A.It'sclosetourbanareas.

B.Itreducesengineeringamount.

C.Itpossessesashallowdepression.

D.It'satthehighestaltitudeinChina.(4)Whichcanbethebesttitleforthetext?

A.MajorScientificTasksofFAST

B.WaystoSelecttheSiteforFAST

C.ContributionsFASTHasMade

D.FactsaboutFASTRadioTelescope第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2分，滿分10分）根據短文內容，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項多余選項。5.HowtoShowMaturity

?Sometimesit'sfuntobeakid,butothertimesyouwanttoshowthatyoucanbemature.Maturitycanbeasignpostofmovingfromchildhoodtoadulthood.

?Maturityisnotasetofrulesorexpectations,butitisaconcept.Herearesomewaystohelpyoubecomemature.

?●Livebyyourvalues.Maturityincludesmakingdecisionsbasedonyourvaluesandmorals,insteadofwhatfeelsgoodatthemoment.

?Letyourcharactermasteryourdesires.Showpeoplethatyouarewillingtoliveoutyourvalues,evenifitpresentsminorinconveniencestoyou.

?●

?Whenyouwereyounger,yourschedulewasmadeforyou:youwenttoschoolorsportsordance.Now,youmayhavemoreabilitytomakeyourownschedule.Whenyousayyouwilldosomething,doit.Evenifitisn'tyourideaoffun,showpeoplethattheycancountonyouandthatyouarereliable.

?●Treatpeoplewithrespect.Respectbuildstrustandsupportinarelationship.Makesureyoutreatotherswiththesamerespect,whetheritisyourparents,friendsorromanticpartner.

?

?●Admityourdisadvantages.

?Don'tblameotherpeoplefortheproblemsinyourlife.Allrelationshipsareinteractional,meaningthatyoubothcontributetohowyoufeelandwhathappens.It'smucheasiertoblamepeopleforhowbadyoufeel,butrecognizeyourrole,andtakeresponsibilityforyouractions.

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

(5)

第二部分語言知識運用（共兩節(jié)，滿分45分）第一節(jié)（共20小題；每小題1.5分，滿分30分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。6.

?Over48,000orangetreesspreadallcornersofSeville,Spain.Theynotonlyfillthecity'sairwiththe

1?

smelloforangeflowersinspring,butalso

2?

over16,500tonsoffruiteverywinter.ThoughthatgivesSevillethe

3?

ofbeingEurope'stoporange-producingcity,thefruitistoosourtobe

4?

fresh.Whilesomeorangesareusedtomakejamandalcohol,mostofthem

5?

landfills(垃圾填埋場).Orangesarea

6?

forthecity.However,thatmaychangesoonthankstoanideaofusingtheorangestoproducecleanenergy

7?.

?Theprogramis

8?bythecity'scouncilandparksdepartment.Juice

9?

fromorangeswillbelefttoferment(發(fā)酵)inanexistingbiogasequipment.Thegasreleasedfromthefermentedliquidwillbeusedto

10?

amachinetoproducecleanenergy.Theofficialsthinkit'snotjustabout

11?

moneyandtheysayorangesare

12?

producingextravaluefromwaste.

?Inthefirstperiodofa(n)

13?

,1000kilosorangesproduced50kWhofcleanenergy—enoughto

14?

thedailyelectricityneedsoffivehomes.Ifit's

15?,by2023,thecityhopestorecyclealltheoranges.Ifallthefruitis

16?,itwillproduceenoughenergytopowerasmanyas73,000people.

?Thisprojectwillhelptoreachthe

17?forreducingpollutionandthefightagainstclimatechange.Thelatest

18?

isamongthemanyplansacrossSpainto

19?

thecountry'sgoalofswitchingitselectricitysystemto

20?

sourcesby2050.

(1)

A.pleasant

B.natural

C.familiar

D.strange(2)

A.attract

B.distribute

C.bear

D.collect(3)

A.moment

B.pride

C.state

D.dream(4)

A.protected

B.sold

C.picked

D.consumed(5)

A.gobackto

B.breakawayfrom

C.endupin

D.giveinto(6)

A.problem

B.relief

C.bid

D.strength(7)

A.traditionally

B.creatively

C.briefly

D.slightly(8)

A.conducted

B.abandoned

C.measured

D.recorded(9)

A.purified

B.sought

C.obtained

D.discovered(10)

A.fix

B.drive

C.wash

D.design(11)

A.spending B.earning

C.counting

D.saving(12)

A.urgently

B.occasionally

C.extremely

D.actually(13)

A.experiment

B.experience

C.competition

D.performance(14)

A.expand

B.satisfy

C.survey

D.remove(15)

A.complex

B.flexible

C.successful

D.simple(16)

A.displayed

B.ordered

C.eaten

D.recycled(17)

A.standards

B.targets

C.conclusions

D.agreements(18)

A.effort

B.proof

C.invention

D.style(19)

A.oppose

B.limit

C.interrupt

D.achieve(20)

A.repeated

B.readapted

C.renewable

D.reserved第二節(jié)（共10小題；每小題1.5分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個適當的單詞或括號內單詞的正確形式。7.

?TheNobelPrizeisthemostfamoushonorintheworld.TheprizeswerefirstawardedonDecember10,1901.ThatwasfiveyearsafterthedeathofAlfredNobel,the

?(create)oftheprizes.Formanyyears,prizeswereawardedinphysics,chemistry,medicine,literature,andpeace.A

?(six)awardforeconomicswascreatedin1968.

?MarieCuriewasthefirstwoman

?(receive)theaward,in1903inphysics.She

?(share)theawardwithherhusbandandanotherscientist.In1911,shewasawardedtheprizeinchemistry.CurieisoneoftheonlytwopeopleevertowinNobelPrizesindifferentareas.

?(surprising),herdaughterIrenealsowontheNobelPrizeinchemistry.Theyweretheonlymother-daughterpairtohavewontheprize.

?Theprizecommitteesaremadeup

?famousscholarsandscientists.Nobelprizewinners

?(choose)verycarefully.Thevotingistopsecret.PrizesarepresentedtothewinnerseveryyearonDecember10.Theprizewinnersaresomeofthemostimportantpeopleintheworld.

?(win)theawardhelpsthemcontinuetheirwork.TheNobelFoundationawardscash,adiploma

?agoldmedaltoeachprizewinner.Thecashamountchangesbasedon

?itisgiventooneindividualorsharedamongagroupofpeople.

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

(5)

(6)

(7)

(8)

(9)

(10)

第三部分寫作（共兩節(jié)，滿分35分）第一節(jié)短文改錯（共10小題；每小題1分，滿分10分）8.

?假定英語課上老師要求同桌之間交換修改作文，請你修改你同桌寫的以下作文。文中共有10處語言錯誤，每句中最多有兩處。每處錯誤僅涉及一個單詞的增加、刪除或修改。

?增加:在缺詞處加一個漏字符號(A),并在其下面寫出該加的詞。

?刪除:把多余的詞用斜線(\)劃掉。

?修改:在錯的詞下劃-橫線，并在該詞下面寫出修改后的詞。

?注意:?1.每處錯誤及其修改均僅限一詞;

?2.只允許修改10處，多者(從第11處起)不計分。

?Ihavehadthepleasureofmeetinganiceneighborsincemyfamilymovetothenewcommunity.Weusualjustwavedandsaid"hi"whenwemet.Therefore,anincidentchangedthis.Theotherday,aheavierrainhitourarea.Withstrongwindsblowingthroughouttheday,apartofhiswoodenfence,about6footofit,camedown.WhenIwaswonderingwhattogetitrepaired,hegavemeahand.Withhishelp,thefencewasfixedquickly.ItwaskindactbymyneighborandIwastouchingbyhiskindness.Iwillsoonsendtohimathank-younote.

第二節(jié)書面表達（滿分25分）9.

?假定你是李華，你的網友Peter對你校即將舉行的高中畢業(yè)紀念活動很感興趣，請給他寫封郵件介紹此次活動，內容包括：

1.時間；

2.形式；

3.意義。

注意:

?1.詞數100左右；

?2.可以適當增加細節(jié)，以使行文連貫。

?

?

?

參考答案1

(1)【答案】A

【解析】:細節(jié)理解題。根據Fruitjuices中第一句“Whilefruitjuicescancontainsomeimportantvitaminsandminerals,theyaretypicallyfullofsugar.(雖然果汁含有一些重要的維生素和礦物質，但它們通常富含糖。)”可知，果汁提供必要的礦物質，這對人們的身體有好處。故選A。

(2)【答案】C

【解析】:推理判斷題。根據Sportsdrinks中“Sportsdrinksmightseemliketheperfectchoiceforhydrationwhileexercising,buttheycontainahighamountofaddedsugarsastheyweredesignedforathletesduringfierceandlongperiodsofactivity.(運動飲料似乎是運動時補水的完美選擇，但它們含有大量的添加糖，因為它們是為在激烈和長時間運動時的運動員設計的。)”和“Unlessthat'syou,juststicktoplainwater.(除非你是運動員，若不是，那就喝白開水吧。)”可推知，普通人運動后建議喝天然水。故選C。

(3)【答案】D

【解析】:推理判斷題。根據文章第一段“Sugarhasbeenlinkedtoseriousdiseaseslikeheartdisease,diabetesandevencancer,whichiswhyit'svitaltocutdownonfoodsanddrinksthatarehighinsugar.Takealookatthedrinksthatcontainasurprisingamountofhiddensugarsandwhatyoushouldbeeatinginstead.（糖與心臟病、糖尿病甚至癌癥等嚴重疾病有關，這就是為什么減少含糖量高的食物和飲料至關重要的原因。看看那些含有驚人數量的隱藏糖的飲料，看看你應該吃些什么。)”可知，本文介紹了幾種含糖量很高的飲料，以此來建議人們不要喝含糖量高的飲料，盡量遠離這些飲料。故選D。2

(1)【答案】B

【解析】:細節(jié)理解題。根據第二段“Aftergraduation,sheplacedfirstinnationwidecompetitionsandwasadmittedintotheNationalAcademyofChinese.(畢業(yè)后，她在全國比賽中獲得第一名，并被中國戲曲學院錄取)”以及“Wenzhuohasperformedwithcountlessorchestrasandgroupsofmusiciansandwoncountlessawardsforherperformances.（文卓曾與無數管弦樂隊和音樂家團體合作演出，并獲得無數獎項。)”可知，她在很多比賽中名列前茅，故選B項。

(2)【答案】D

【解析】:段落大意題。根據第二段“Whenshewasonly13,WenzhuowasawardedascholarshiptotheArtsSchoolofHebeiProvince;thehighlycompetitiveprogramonlyacceptedasingleyangqinstudenteverytwoyears.Aftergraduation,sheplacedfirstinnationwidecompetitionsandwasadmittedintotheNationalAcademyofChineseTheatreArtsinBeijing,whereshewasawardedherbachelor'sinyangqinperformancein2005.SheobtainedherdoctoratefromBostonUniversityinmusiceducationin2015andstudiedethnomusicologyatEastmanfrom2017to2019.（13歲時，文卓獲得河北省藝術學校獎學金；這個競爭激烈的項目每兩年只招收一名揚琴學生。畢業(yè)后在全國比賽中獲得第一名，考入北京中國戲劇藝術學院，2005年獲得揚琴表演學士學位，2015年獲得波士頓大學音樂教育博士學位，2017年至2019年在伊斯曼學習民族音樂學。)”可知，第二段內容主要介紹了文卓的所接受過的學校教育，故選D項。

(3)【答案】C

【解析】:細節(jié)理解題。根據倒數第二段“Needlesstosay,Wenzhuo'sperformancessoundedfantastic.Theyangqinisauniqueandbeautifulinstrumentanditssound,coupledwithWenzhuo'smusicalability,allowedthefourgreatlydifferingpiecestostandtogetherasawonderfulintroductiontotheinstrument.（不用說，文卓的演奏聽起來棒極了。揚琴是一種獨特而美麗的樂器，它的聲音，再加上文卓的音樂才能，使這四首迥然不同的曲子成為了對揚琴的精彩介紹。)”可知，讓表演很棒的是她的天賦和揚琴的魅力。故選C項。

(4)【答案】A

【解析】:推理判斷題。根據最后一段“ItwasfascinatingtolearnabouttheyangqinandajoytowatchWenzhuoperformonit.（學習揚琴很有意思，看文卓表演揚琴也很開心。)”可知，作者喜歡揚琴并且享受揚琴表演，由此可推知，作者對于揚琴的態(tài)度應是支持的，故選A項。3

(1)【答案】A

【解析】:細節(jié)理解題。根據文章“theyplantvegetablesinsidethoserafts.Astheraft-plantsrotaway,theyreleasenutrients,whichhelpfeedthevegetableplants.（他們在木筏里種蔬菜。當木筏植物腐爛時，它們會釋放營養(yǎng)物質，幫助植物生長。）”可知，蔬菜植物是吸收木筏植物的營養(yǎng)生長的。故選A項。

(2)【答案】D

【解析】:細節(jié)理解題。根據文章“Theyinterviewedfarmingfamiliesandfoundstrongevidencethatfloatinggardensprovidestability,bothintheamountoffoodavailabletofeedruralpopulationsandinafarmingfamily'sincome.（他們采訪了農業(yè)家庭，發(fā)現了強有力的證據表明，無論是在可供農村人口食用的食物量方面，還是在農業(yè)家庭的收入方面，浮動花園都提供了穩(wěn)定性。）”可知，農業(yè)家庭收入很穩(wěn)定，所以氣候變化對收入影響不大。故選D項。

(3)【答案】C

【解析】:詞義猜測題。根據劃線詞下文“Onefarmertoldtheresearchteamthatheearnsuptofourtimesasmuchmoneyfromthegardensasfromtraditionalricefields.”可知，一位農民告訴研究小組，他從菜園中賺到的錢是從傳統(tǒng)稻田中賺到的錢的四倍，故此處想表達的是即使農民最終會在殺蟲劑和肥料上花一些錢，但是收益也會大于成本。故outweighed意為“大于”。故選C項。

(4)【答案】D

【解析】:推理判斷題。通過文章最后一段“However,beforegainingprofits,farmersoftentakeouthigh-interestloans(貸款)tocovertheinvestmentcostsoffillingthebedsandstockingthemwithplants.Luckily;therearealsolower-interestloansfromresponsiblegovernmentornon-governmentalorganizations,whichcouldeasethatburden.（然而，在獲得利潤之前，農民往往會獲得高息貸款(貸款)以支付填充床和儲存植物的投資成本。幸運的是；負責任的政府或非政府組織也提供低息貸款，可以減輕這種負擔。）”可推知，作者想表達負責任的政府或非政府組織提供低息貸款，減輕了農民的壓力。故選D項。4

(1)【答案】A

【解析】:細節(jié)理解題。根據文章“Scientistsacrosstheworldcansubmitproposalsforastronomicalobservationsusingthetelescope.（世界各地的科學家可以提交使用望遠鏡進行天文觀測的建議。）”可知，FAST向全世界的科學家開放。故選A項。

(2)【答案】B

【解析】:細節(jié)理解題。根據文章“Themajorscientifictaskofthetelescopeistheobservationofpulsars（望遠鏡的主要科學任務是觀測脈沖星）”可知，FAST的主要任務就是觀察脈沖星。故選B項。

(3)【答案】B

【解析】:推理判斷題。根據文章“Secondly,theradiotelescopeneedstohavea"bigpan"toreceivebettersignal.Thehugenaturaldepressioncouldreducetheamountofexcavation(挖掘)anddifficultyofconstruction.（其次，射電望遠鏡需要有一個“大盤”來接收更好的信號。巨大的自然洼地可以減少挖掘量和施工難度）”可推知，選擇地點的特別之處在于減少了工程量。故選B項。

(4)【答案】D

【解析】:主旨大意題。本文主要介紹了500米口徑球面望遠鏡，包括它的主要任務，選址，建成時間等方面。D項“關于500米口徑球面望遠鏡的實際情況”符合本文標題。故選D項。5

(1)【答案】G

【解析】:上文“Maturitycanbeasignpostofmovingfromchildhoodtoadulthood.（成熟可以是從童年走向成年的路標。）”說明G選項“它可以包括智力、情感甚至精神方面”中的“Itcaninclude”與上文提到的“signpost”話題相符，與上句銜接。故選G。

(2)【答案】D

【解析】:上文“Livebyyourvalues.（按照你的價值觀生活。）”說明D選項“讓你的價值觀指導你的生活”中的關鍵詞“values”與上文的“values”屬于同一話題，順理成章。故選D。

(3)【答案】A

【解析】:根據下文“Whenyousayyouwilldosomething,doit.Evenifitisn'tyourideaoffun,showpeoplethattheycancountonyouandthatyouarereliable.（當你說你要做某事時，就去做。即使這不是你想要的樂趣，也要向人們展示他們可以信賴你，而且你是可靠的。）”說明A選項“信守承諾”中的關鍵詞“commitments”對應“Whenyousayyouwilldosomething,doit.”表示信守承諾。故選A。

(4)【答案】E

【解析】:根據上文“Treatpeoplewithrespect（尊重他人）”說明E選項“以言行尊重他人”中的關鍵詞“Respect”與上文提到的尊重是同一話題。故選E。

(5)【答案】B

【解析】:根據上文“Admityourdisadvantages.（承認你的缺點。）”，說明B選項“這是一個非常成熟的行動”中的關鍵詞“action”與上文意思相符，說明此處想要表示承認缺點是一種行動，符合題意。故選B。6

(1)【答案】A

【解析】:考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：它們不僅在春天使城市空氣中彌漫著桔子花的宜人氣味，而且每年冬天結出超過16500噸的水果。A.pleasant令人愉悅的；B.natural自然的；C.familiar相似的；D.strange奇怪的。根據文中“smelloforangeflowers”可知，此處描述的是桔子花的味道，用“令人愉悅的”符合句意。故選A項。

(2)【答案】C

【解析】:考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：它們不僅在春天使城市空氣中彌漫著桔子花的宜人氣味，而且每年冬天結出超過16500噸的水果。A.attract吸引；B.distribute分配；C.bear結果實；D.collect收集。根據文中“over16,500tonsoffruit”可知，此處表示結出超過16500噸的果實。故選C項。

(3)【答案】B

【解析】:考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：盡管這讓塞維利亞成為歐洲最大的橘子生產城市，但這種水果太酸了，不能新鮮的食用。A.moment片刻；B.pride自豪，驕傲；C.state狀態(tài)；D.dream夢。根據句意可知塞爾維亞成為歐洲最大的橘子城是令人驕傲的。故選B項。

(4)【答案】D

【解析】:考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：盡管這讓塞維利亞成為歐洲最大的橘子生產城市，但這種水果太酸了，不能新鮮的食用。A.protected保護；B.sold售賣；C.picked選擇；D.consumed消費，食用。根據句意“thefruitistoosour”可知，水果太酸了，不能新鮮食用。故選D項。

(5)【答案】C

【解析】:考查動詞短語辨析。句意：雖然一些橙子被用來做果醬和酒，但它們大多數最終都會被填埋。A.gobackto回到；B.breakawayfrom掙脫；C.endupin結束于；D.giveinto屈服于。根據上文“Whilesomeorangesareusedtomakejamandalcohol”可知，雖然有些橙子被用來制作果醬和酒，但大多數還是會被填埋，endupin“結束于”符合題意。故選C項。

(6)【答案】A

【解析】:考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：橘子對這個城市來說是個問題。A.problem問題；B.relief寬慰；C.bid投標；D.strength力氣。根據上文“mostofthemendupinlandfills”可知，此處想表示橘子都被填埋了，所以橘子對于這個城市來說是一個問題。故選A項。

(7)【答案】B

【解析】:考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：然而，這種情況可能很快就會改變，這要歸功于利用橙子創(chuàng)造性地生產清潔能源的想法。A.traditionally傳統(tǒng)上；B.creatively創(chuàng)造性地；C.briefly短暫地；D.slightly略微。根據文中“thankstoanideaofusingtheorangestoproducecleanenergy”可知，此處表示這個是一個新的想法，所以是有創(chuàng)造力的。故選B項。

(8)【答案】A

【解析】:考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：該項目由市議會和公園部門負責。A.conducted執(zhí)行，安排；B.abandoned拋棄；C.measured測量；D.measured記錄。根據句意可知，此處表示市議會和公園部門負責該項目。故選A項。

(9)【答案】C

【解析】:考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：從橙子中提取的果汁將留著在現有的沼氣設備中發(fā)酵。A.purified凈化；B.sought尋找；C.obtained獲得；D.discovered發(fā)現。根據句意可知，此處表示橘子變成橘子汁，即從橘子中提取橘子汁。故選C項。

(10)【答案】B

【解析】:考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：從發(fā)酵液中釋放出來的氣體將被用來驅動機器生產清潔能源。A.fix安裝；B.drive駕駛，驅動；C.wash洗；D.design設計。根據文中“machinetoproducecleanenergy.”可知，此處表示驅動機器來生產清潔能源。故選B項。

(11)【答案】D

【解析】:考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：官員認為認為這不僅僅省錢，他們還說橘子實際上是從廢物中產生了額外的價值。A.spending支出；B.earning賺得；C.counting計算；D.saving節(jié)省。根據下文“theysayorangesareactuallyproducingextravaluefromwaste”可知，此處表示官員認為，機器生產清潔能源并不僅僅是為了省錢。故選D項。

(12)【答案】D

【解析】:考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：官員認為認為這不僅僅省錢，他們還說橘子實際上是從廢物中產生了額外的價值。A.urgently緊急地；B.occasionally偶然；C.extremely極其；D.actually事實上。根據句意可知，此處表示橘子事實上產生了額外的價值。故選D項。

(13)【答案】A

【解析】:考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：在實驗的第一階段，1000公斤的橙子產生了50千瓦時的清潔能源——足以滿足五個家庭的日常用電需求。A.experiment實驗；B.experience經驗；C.competition競爭；D.performance表演。根據文中“Inthefirstperiodof”可知，此處表示做實驗的第一階段。故選A項。

(14)【答案】B

【解析】:考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：在實驗的第一階段，1000公斤的橙子產生了50千瓦時的清潔能源——足以滿足五個家庭的日常用電需求。A.expand擴大；B.satisfy滿足；C.survey民意調查；D.remove移開。根據上文“1000kilosorangesproduced50kWhofcleanenergy”個下文的“thedailyelectricityneeds”可知，此處表示50千瓦的清潔能源足以滿足五個家庭的日常用電需求。故選B項。

(15)【答案】C

【解析】:考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：如果成功的話，到2023年，該市希望回收所有的橘子。A.complex復雜的；B.flexible靈活的；C.successful成功的；D.simple簡單的。根據下文“thecityhopestorecyclealltheoranges”可知，此處表示試驗成功后該市的措施。故選C項。

(16)【答案】D

【解析】:考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：如果所有的水果都被回收利用，它將產生足夠的能量為多達73000人提供動力。A.displayed陳列；B.ordered組織有序；C.eaten吃；D.recycled回收利用。根據上文“thecityhopestorecyclealltheoranges”可知，此處表示橘子被回收利用。故選D項。

(17)【答案】B

【解析】:考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：該項目將有助于實現減少污染和應對氣候變化的目標。A.standards標準；B.targets目標；C.conclusions結論；D.agreements協(xié)定。根據下文的“reducingpollutionandthefightagainstclimatechange”可知，實現減少污染和應對氣候變化是一個目標。且下文的“thecountry'sgoal”也是提示。故選B項。

(18)【答案】A

【解析】:考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：這項最新努力是西班牙眾多計劃中的一項，這些計劃旨在實現該國到2050年將電力系統(tǒng)轉換為可再生能源的目標。A.effort努力；B.proof證據；C.invention發(fā)明；D.style方式。根據上文“Thisprojectwillhelptoreachthetargetsforreducingpollutionandthefightagainstclimatechange.”可知，此處表示這項計劃是最新的努力。故選A項。

(19)【答案】D

【解析】:考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：這項最新努力是西班牙眾多計劃中的一項，這些計劃旨在實現該國到2050年將電力系統(tǒng)轉換為可再生能源的目標。A.oppose反對；B.limit限制；C.interrupt打斷；D.achieve實現。根據文中“thecountry'sgoal”可知此處表示實現目標。故選D項。

(20)【答案】C

【解析】:考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：這項最新努力是西班牙眾多計劃中的一項，這些計劃旨在實現該國到2050年將電力系統(tǒng)轉換為可再生能源的目標。A.repeated重復的；B.readapted重新適應的；C.renewable可再生的；D.reserved矜持的。根據文章大意可知，本文主要內容是可再生能源，所以此處應填入renewable，符合句意。故選C項。7

(1)【答案】creator

【解析】:考查名詞。句意：那是該獎項的創(chuàng)始人阿爾弗雷德·諾貝爾（AlfredNobel）去世5年后。此處說明AlfredNobel的身份，他是諾貝爾獎項的創(chuàng)始人，所以應用名詞creator，故填creator。

(2)【答案】sixth

【解析】:考查序數詞，句意：1968年設立了第六個經濟學獎。由語境結合常識可知，前面已出現5個經濟學獎，此處表示“第六個”經濟學獎，所以應用序數詞sixth，故填sixth。

(3)【答案】toreceive

【解析】:考查非謂語動詞。句意：1903年，瑪麗·居里是第一位獲得該獎項的女性物理學家。分析句子可知，句子已有謂語was，receive在句中用非謂語動詞形式，結合序數詞thefirst可知，此處應填入動詞不定式作后置定語，the+序數詞+todo表示“第……個做某事”，故填toreceive。

(4)【答案】shared

【解析】:考查謂語動詞。句意：她與丈夫和另一位科學家共同獲獎。分析句子可知，句子缺少謂語，share在句中作謂語，由語境及時間狀語1903年可知，事情發(fā)生在過去，應用一般過去時，動詞用過去式，故填shared。

(5)【答案】Surprisingly

【解析】:考查副詞。句意：令人驚訝的是，她的女兒艾琳也獲得了諾貝爾化學獎。分析句子可知，空處作狀語修飾整個句子，應用副詞形式，故填Surprisingly。

(6)【答案】of

【解析】:考查介詞。句意：評獎委員會由著名的學者和科學家組成。由句意“組成”和aremadeup可知此處應填入介詞of