高考詞匯詞性變化規(guī)律含名動(dòng)形副和其他

高考詞匯詞性變化規(guī)律（1）:

名詞類變化.以后綴-ce結(jié)尾的名詞后綴變?yōu)橐?ent后綴結(jié)尾的形容詞confidence—confident自信的difference—different不同的evidence證據(jù)—evident明顯的independence—independent獨(dú)立的intelligence智力—intelligent聰明的patience—patient有耐心的silence—silent沉默的violence—violent暴力的.以后綴-ency結(jié)尾的名詞變?yōu)橐?ent后綴結(jié)尾的^容詞emergency—emergent緊急的fluency-fluent流利的；流暢的frequency頻率—frequent頻繁的efficiency—efficient有效率的.名詞十-y后綴變?yōu)樾稳菰~anger-angry生氣的cloud—cloudy多云的dirt—dirty臟的dust—dusty布滿塵土的ease—easy容易的；安易的fog—foggy有霧的frost—frosty結(jié)霜的；嚴(yán)寒的greed—greedy貪吃的；貪婪的guilt—guilty內(nèi)疚的；有罪的health—healthy健康的hunger—hungry饑餓的ice—icy結(jié)冰的mess—messy雜亂的mist—misty有霧的noise—noisy吵鬧的；嘈雜的salt—salty咸的sleep—sleepy困的snow—snowy有雪的storm—stormy暴風(fēng)雨的sun—sunny晴朗的taste—tasty可口的；好吃的thirst—thirsty渴的；渴望的wealth—wealthy富有的wind—windy有風(fēng)的.名詞十-ly后綴變形容詞year—yearly每年的brother—brotherly兄弟般的day—daily每天的friend—friendly友好的month—monthly每月的quarter—quarterly每季的week—weekly每周的.名詞十-al后綴變?yōu)樾稳菰~agriculture—agricultural農(nóng)業(yè)的benefit—beneficial有益的commerce—commercial商業(yè)的2convention—conventional傳統(tǒng)的culture—cultural文化的environment—environmental環(huán)境的face—facial表面的music—musical音樂的nation—national國(guó)家的nature—natural自然的；天然的office—official官方的origin—original原來的profession—professional專業(yè)的season—seasonal季節(jié)的；季節(jié)性的鬻案苫髯愿的傳統(tǒng)的.名詞十-ous后輟變?yōu)樾稳菰~adventure—adventurous冒險(xiǎn)的danger—dangerous危險(xiǎn)的humour—humorous幽默的mountain—mountainous多山的poison—poisonous有毒的.動(dòng)詞+-er后綴變?yōu)橹肝锏拿~cooker炊具counter柜臺(tái)drawer抽屜receiver聽筒；話筒speaker揚(yáng)聲器typewriter打字機(jī).名詞加后頻-ician表示人electriciann.電工magiciann.魔術(shù)師musiciann.音樂家physiciann.內(nèi)科醫(yī)生politiciann.政治家techniciann.技術(shù)員.以-ist后綴結(jié)尾的名詞，表示人，.家,…者art—artist藝術(shù)家biology—biologist生物學(xué)家journal—journalist新聞工作者；記者physics—physicist物理學(xué)家piano—pianist鋼琴家psychology—psychologist心理學(xué)家science—scientist科學(xué)家social—socialist社會(huì)主義者special—specialist專家tour—tourist游客.以后綴-ology結(jié)尾的名詞，表示.學(xué)archaeology考古學(xué)biology生物學(xué)ecology生態(tài)學(xué)geology地質(zhì)學(xué)psychology心理學(xué)sociology社會(huì)學(xué)technology技術(shù)；工藝drama—dramatic戲劇（性）的energy—energetic精力充沛的enthusiasm—enthusiastic熱情的romance—romantic浪漫的science—scientific科學(xué)的sympathy—sympathetic同情的.名詞+-hood后綴變?yōu)槊~adult—adulthood成年boy—boyhood少年時(shí)代brother—brotherhood手足之情child—childhood童年man—manhood男子氣概neighbour—neighbourhood令B里；街坊.名詞+-ship后綴結(jié)尾，變?yōu)槌橄竺~championship冠頭軍銜friendship友誼hardship困苦；苦難leadership領(lǐng)導(dǎo)地位；領(lǐng)導(dǎo)才能membership成員資格relationship關(guān)系scholarship獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金高考詞匯詞性變化規(guī)律（2）：動(dòng)詞類變化.動(dòng)詞+后綴-y變?yōu)槊~deliver—delivery運(yùn)送discover—discovery發(fā)現(xiàn)recover—recovery康復(fù)丁恢復(fù).動(dòng)詞+后般-ing變?yōu)槊~begin—beginning開始;開端build—building建筑（物）cross—crossing十字路口end—ending結(jié)局;結(jié)尾engine—engineering工程feel—feeling感覺hear—hearing聽力market—marketing促銷meet—meeting會(huì)議paint—painting繪畫;油畫spend^spending花銷suffer^suffering苦難train—training訓(xùn)練;培養(yǎng).動(dòng)詞+后綴-ment變?yōu)槊~acquire—acquirementn.取得accomplish—accomplishment成就achieve—achievement成就adjust—adjustment調(diào)整;調(diào)節(jié)amuse—amusement愉快;快樂;消遣announce—announcement宣告;述說appoint—appointment約會(huì);預(yù)約;任命argue—argument爭(zhēng)論arrange—arrangement安排assess—assessment評(píng)估assign—assignment分配;任務(wù)astonish—astonishment驚訝develop—development發(fā)展disappoint—disappointment失望embarrass—embarrassment尷尬employ—employment雇用enjoy—enjoyment享受;歡樂entertain—entertainment款待;娛樂equip—equipment設(shè)備establish—establishment建立govern—government統(tǒng)治;政府improve—improvement提高judge—judgement判斷move—movement運(yùn)動(dòng);移動(dòng)punish—punishment懲罰settle—settlement定居;解決state—statement陳述;說明.動(dòng)詞+后8-ive變?yōu)樾稳菰~act—active積極的attract—attractive吸引人的cooperate—cooperative合作的impress—impressive給人印象深刻的protect—protective保護(hù)的relate—relative相關(guān)的sense—sensitive敏感的object—objective客觀的negative消極的passive被動(dòng)的positive積極的subjective主觀的.動(dòng)詞+后綴-able變?yōu)樾稳菰~accept—acceptable可接受的adjust—adjustable可調(diào)節(jié)的admire—admirable令人欽佩的afford—affordable負(fù)擔(dān)得起的change—changeable易變的comfort—comfortable舒服的consider—considerable重要的；相當(dāng)大的desire—desirable值得做的;可取的enjoy—enjoyable令人愉快的favour—favourable贊成的;有利的forget—forgettable健忘的honour—honourable可敬的;光榮的reach—reachable可獲得的;可達(dá)到的reason—reasonable合理的rely—reliable可靠的;可信賴的remark—remarkable不平凡的suit—suitable合適的understand—understandable可理解的value—valuable寶貴的.動(dòng)詞+后綴-ed變?yōu)樾稳菰~absorb—absorbed專心的;聚精會(huì)神的accustom—accustomed習(xí)慣的balance—balanced平衡的bury—buried專心的complicate—complicated復(fù)雜的determine—determine堅(jiān)定的;有決心的devote—devoted忠實(shí)的experience—experienced有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的learn—learned博學(xué)的limit—limited有限的organize—organized有組織的suppose—supposed應(yīng)該的relate—related相關(guān)的skill^skilled熟練的unite—united聯(lián)合的;統(tǒng)一的.動(dòng)詞+后綴-ing/+-ed變?yōu)樾蝍muse—amusing好笑的;有趣的—amused愉快的astonish—astonishing令人驚訝的—astonished感到驚訝的bore—boring令人厭煩的—bored厭煩的confuse—confusing令人迷惑的—confused感到迷惑的convince—convincing令人信服的—convinced堅(jiān)信不移的depress—depressing令人沮喪的—depressed沮喪的disappoint—disappointed失望的—dis叩pointing令人失望的disturb—disturbing令人不安的；—disturbed擾亂的;精神失常的embarrass—embarrassing令人尷的—embarrassed尷尬的excite—exciting令人興奮的—excited興奮的frighten—frightening令人害怕的—frightened害怕的relax—relaxing使人放松的—relaxed輕松的satisfy—satisfying令人滿意的—satisfied對(duì)……滿意的shock—shocking令人震驚的—shocked震驚的surprise—surprising令人吃驚的—surprised吃驚的tire—tiring令人疲勞的.動(dòng)詞+后綴-tion變?yōu)槊~accelerate—acceleration加速accumulate—accumulation積累adapt—adaptation適應(yīng);改編addict—addiction沉溺;嗜好；d器——黑;黑「羨擁護(hù)apply—application申請(qǐng)appreciate—appreciation感激;欣賞assume—assumption假定;設(shè)想celebrate—celebration慶祝classify—classification分類;歸類combine—combination聯(lián)合congratulate—congratulation祝賀construct—construction建筑物consume—consumption消費(fèi)contradict—contradiction反駁contribute—contribution貢獻(xiàn)cooperate—cooperation合作correct—correction改正;糾正create—creation創(chuàng)造;創(chuàng)建declare—declaration宣言;公告decorate—decoration裝飾decorate—decoration裝飾determine—determination決/心digest—digestion消化elect—election競(jìng)選;選舉erupt—eruption火山爆發(fā)evaluate—evaluation評(píng)估exhibit—exhibition展覽;展覽會(huì)expect—expectation期望;期待fascinate—fascination魅力;入迷graduate—graduation畢業(yè)graduate—graduation畢業(yè)hesitate—hesitation猶豫;躊躇imagine—imagination想象immigrate—immigration遷移;移居indicate—indication指示;暗示infect—infection傳染interrupt—interruption中斷object—objection反對(duì)occupy—occupation占領(lǐng);占據(jù)organize—organization組織pollute—pollution污染predict—prediction預(yù)言prepare—preparation準(zhǔn)備protect—protection保護(hù)recommend—recommendation推薦;介紹reflect—reflection思考;反映regulate—regulation規(guī)則;規(guī)章reject—rejection拒絕;拋棄relax—relaxation放松satisfy—satisfaction滿意;滿足starve—starvation挨餓;餓死substitute—substitution代替;取代translate—translation翻譯transport—transportation交通.動(dòng)詞+后綴-ure變?yōu)槊~press—pressure壓力please—pleasure樂事;快樂expose—exposure暴露;揭發(fā)fail—failure失敗mix—mixture混合物.動(dòng)詞+后綴-sion變?yōu)槊~admit—admission容許;承認(rèn)permit—permission允許impress—impression印象express—expression表情;表達(dá)revise—revision復(fù)習(xí)possess—possession擁有conclude—conclusion結(jié)論confuse—confusion困惑;混淆.動(dòng)詞/形容詞+后綴-ance變?yōu)槊~guide—guidance指導(dǎo)tolerate—tolerance寬容ignore—ignorance無知;愚昧appear—appearance出現(xiàn)important—importance重要（性）elegant—elegance優(yōu)雅大方assist—assistance援助resist—resistance抵抗guide—guidance指導(dǎo)annoy—annoyance惱怒

高考詞匯詞性變化規(guī)律（3）形容詞類變化.形容詞+后綴-ity變?yōu)槊~electric—electricity電；電流；電學(xué)equal—equality平等major—majority大多數(shù)popular—popularity受歡迎；流行real—reality現(xiàn)實(shí)secure—security安全similar—similarity相似點(diǎn).以后綴-ity結(jié)尾的高頻名詞cruelty殘忍diversity多樣性necessity必需品；需要possibility可能性security安全similarity相似（性）.形容詞+后綴-en變?yōu)閯?dòng)詞bright—brighten使愉快；使明亮broad—broaden加寬；拓寬dark—darken使變暗deep—deepen加深；使變深fright—frighten（使）驚嚇hard—harden使變硬light—lighten使變輕long—lengthen加長(zhǎng)loose—loosen（使）變松；放松；松開quick—quicken加快ripe—ripen變成熟；使成熟sharp—sharpen磨快；使鋒利short—shorten變短；縮短soft—soften使變軟strong—strengthen加強(qiáng)weak—weaken使變?nèi)鮳ide—widen加寬；拓寬.形容詞+后綴-th變?yōu)槊~deep—depth深；深處grow—growth成長(zhǎng)long—length長(zhǎng)；長(zhǎng)度strong—strength力量grow—growth成長(zhǎng)long—length長(zhǎng)；長(zhǎng)度strong—strength力量true—truth真理warm—warmth溫暖wide—width寬度actual—actually實(shí)際上entire—entirely完全；全部地gradual—gradually逐漸地fortunate—fortunately幸運(yùn)地final—finally最后extreme—extremely極其5.形詞+后綴-ness變?yōu)槊~aware—awareness意識(shí)詞性變化規(guī)律（4）:反義詞careless—carelessness粗心大意conscious—consciousness知覺dark—darkness黑暗eager—eagerness渴望happy—happiness幸福；高興kind—kindness仁慈；好意lonely—loneliness孤獨(dú)rude—rudeness粗魯sad—sadness悲哀；悲傷sick—sickness疾病weak—weakness弱點(diǎn)；虛弱willing—willingness愿意.以后綴-ious結(jié)尾的形容詞ambitious有雄心的；野心勃勃的cautious小心的；謹(jǐn)慎的conscious有意識(shí)的envious忌妒的；猜忌的mysterious神秘的religious宗教上的；虔誠(chéng)的.以后綴-ical結(jié)尾的形容詞economical經(jīng)濟(jì)的；節(jié)約的electrical與電有關(guān)的historical與歷史有關(guān)的logical邏輯的magical神奇的；像變魔術(shù)似的musical音樂的；悅耳的political政治的.形容詞+后綴-ly變?yōu)橛迷~fluent—fluently流利地frequent—frequently頻繁地；經(jīng)常地

詞性變化之反義詞.動(dòng)詞—Mdis-+動(dòng)詞agree—disagree不同意appear—disappear消失appoint—disappoint使失望approve—disapprove反對(duì)；不贊成comfort—discomfort使不舒適cover—discover發(fā)現(xiàn)like—dislike不喜歡.形容詞—前綴in-+形容詞accurate—inaccurate不精確的adequate—inadequate不充分的appropriate—inappropriate不合適的expensive—inexpensive便宜的experienced—inexperienced經(jīng)驗(yàn)不足的.形容詞—前綴淅-+形patient—impatient不耐心的polite—impolite沒禮貌的possible—impossible不可能的practical—impractical不實(shí)用的proper—improper不合適的.形容詞—前綴un-+形容詞變able—unable不能的aware—unaware不知道的believable—unbelievable不可相信的certain—uncertain不確定的clear—unclear不清楚的comfortable—uncomfortabl不舒服的common—uncommon不常有的conscious—unconscious失去知覺的fair—unfair不公平的forgettable—unforgettable難忘的fortunate—unfortunate不幸的fit—unfit不合適的friendly—unfriendly不友好的h叩py-unhappy不高興的；不幸福的known-unknown無名的likely-unlikely不可能的lucky-unlucky不幸的necessary-unnecessary不必要的pleasant-unpleasant不愉快的fortunate-unfortunate不幸的important—unimportant不重要的usual—unusual不尋常的willing—unwilling不情愿的.名詞-名詞+后綴-less構(gòu)成的形容詞aim-aimless無目的的care-careless粗心大意的count-countless無數(shù)的doubt-doubtless無疑的end-endless無盡的harm-harmless無害的help-helpless無助的home-homeless無家可歸的hope-hopeless無希望的limit-limitless無限的rest-restless不安的use-useless無用的.動(dòng)詞-前綴mi