中考閱讀題型突破-第四講-推理判斷題

推理判斷題：.A考查依據(jù)短文內(nèi)容和考生應有的常識進行推理和判斷的能力。此類題目文章中沒有明確的答案，需要考生再理解全文的基礎上進行推理和判斷。其主要提問方式是：(1)Wecanguessthewriterofthelettermaybea______.(2)Wecaninferfromthetextthat_______.(3)Fromtheletterswe’velearnedthatit’svery_____toknowsomethingaboutAmericansocialcustoms.(4)Fromthestorywecanguess______.(5)Whatwouldbehappyif…?B.

考查推斷作者意圖和態(tài)度的能力。(1)HowdidthewriterfeelatViennastation?(2)Thewriterwritesthistextto______.(3)Thewriterbelievesthat______.(4)Thewritersuggeststhat______.

所謂推斷，就是根據(jù)閱讀材料中所提供的信息，推斷出未知的信息。即從已知推未知。據(jù)以推斷的有關(guān)文字可能是詞或句子，也可能是若干句子，甚至是全文。

中考英語試題中的推斷題很多，包括的面也很大。其類型主要有以下幾種：（1）事實推斷：這種推斷常常針對某一個或幾個具體細節(jié)，是比較簡單的推斷。進行這種推斷，要首先在文章中找出據(jù)以推斷的有關(guān)文字，然后加以分析，尤其要悟出字里行間的意思。2014年廈門中考英語閱讀理A篇“Idon’tknow“Benreplies.“Everythingwasgoingfine,butasIgothigher,Iwasstartingtogetcold,soIturnedoffthebigfanthingandthen….“41.ThepossiblereasonforthecrashisthatBen_______.A.shutoffthebigfanthingonthehelicopterB.refusedtotalkwiththeinstructorC.keptradioinginonthehelicopter2010年廈門中考英語閱讀理解A篇Ayoungmanwaswalkingthroughasupermarkettopickupafewthingswhenhenoticedanoldladyfollowinghimround.Thinkingnothingofit,hecontinued.Finally,hewenttothecheck-outline,buttheoldladygotinfrontofhim.“Excuseme,”shesaid,“I’msorryifmystaringat(盯著看)youhasmadeyoufeeluncomfortable,it’sjustbecauseyoulooklikemyson,whomIhaven’tseenforalongtime.”“Whatapity,”repliedtheyoungman,“isthereanythingIcandoforyou?”“Yes,”shesaid,“asI’mleaving,canyousay‘Goodbye,mother!’?Itwouldmakemefeelsomuchbetter.”“Sure,”answeredtheyoungman.So,whentheoldwomanwasleaving,hecalledout,“Goodbye,mother!”Asshesteppeduptothecheck-outcounter(收銀臺),hesawthathistotalwas$127.50.“Howcanthatbe?”heasked,“Ionlybuyafewthings!”Theclerkreplied,“Yourmothersaidthatyouwouldpayforher.”53.________wasn’tanhonestpersoninthisstory.A.Theclerk B.Theoldlady C.Theyoungman54.Atlast,whattheyoungmanhadtopaywas________whatheexpected.A.morethan B.lessthan C.asmuchas55.Weknowfromthestorythattheoldlady________.A.likedshopping B.hadason C.paidnothing▲數(shù)字類題目：2014年廈門中考英語閱讀理解E篇Lateron,manusedtallymarkstocount.Peoplewouldjustscratch（劃下）alineortallymarkforeachobjecttheywantedtocount,buttheyhadnowordtotellthenumber.58.IfAandBeachscratchedthreelinesfortheirownobjectstobecounted,theywouldprobablyhaveobjectsinall.A.threeB.sixC.nine2013年廈門中考英語閱讀理解E篇Scientistshaveawaytheyusewhentheyaretryingtolearnsomethingnew.Itiscalledthescientificmethodofinquiry（科學探究方法）.Thefirststepistoaskaquestion.Itcouldbe“Whydobirdsflysouthforthewinter?”O(jiān)ritcouldbe“Howdoeswaterturnintoice?”Itcouldbeaboutanything.Thenthescientistmustdoresearch.Heorshecouldlearnasmuchaboutthetopicaspossible.Next,thescientistmakesahypothesis.Itcouldbe“Birdflysouthforthewinterbecausetheyarecold.”O(jiān)ritcouldbe“Waterwillturnintoicewhenthetemperaturegetslowenough”It’sasocallededucated（有根據(jù)的）guess.Now,thescientisthasahypothesis,soitmustbetested.Scientistsdothisbyconductingexperimentsinlabs,andothersdothemoutdoors.Aftertheexperimentsarecomplete,thescientistmustanalyzethedata（分析數(shù)據(jù)）.Andheshouldcompareitwiththehypothesis.Wasthehypothesisrightorwrong?Evenwithawronghypothesis,scientistscanstilllearnalot.Finally,theyshouldwriteabouttheirresults.Thatway,otherpeoplecanlearn,too.Weneed__________stepsinallwhenweusethescientificmethodofinquiry.A.two B.four C.six（2）指代推斷：確定指代詞的含義和指代對象是閱讀理解題常見的題目。要確定指代詞所指代的對象，關(guān)鍵在于對所在上下文的正確理解。指代名詞的指代詞，其單復數(shù)形式英語被指代的詞一致，因此數(shù)的形式可作為識別指代對象第一個輔助標志。2014年漳州市初中畢業(yè)升學考英語閱讀理解C篇Somebutterflieshavebrightpatterncolorsontheuppersurfaceoftheirwingsthatshowwhenflying,butwhentheyrestonatreeorleaves,theyclosetheirwings.68.Theunderlinedword“that”inParagraph3refersto________AtheirwingsBpatterncolorsCgreenleavesDsomebutterflies62.Inthefirstparagraph,theunderlinedphrase“getaddicted”means“________”.A.besorryto B.beafraidof C.becrazyabout63.Nongmintoldusa/an________storyaboutplayingthegameatwork.A.shocking B.exciting C.relaxing64.FromKaixin’swords,wecanguessthatheismostprobablya________.A.farmer B.worker C.student65.________havethesimilarideaaboutthegame.A.NongminandKing B.KingandKitty C.KaixinandKittyCMorehaveheardoftheAmericanProm.Thisistheseniorstudents'schoolleavingparty.TheBritishnamefortheeventisaLeaver'sBallorLeaver'sDinner,althoughsomeUKschoolscallthemProms,too.InCanada,IrelandandAustraliathetermsGradorFormalaremostcommonandinSouthAfricaitiscalledaMatricDance.SomeMatricDancesinSouthAfricastillfollowstheoldBritishtraditions.Beforethedance,pupilsaregivenlessonsindancing.Schoolleaversinviteapartnertothedance.Thegirlshavedressesespeciallymadefortheevent.Tosavecoststhedanceisoftenhelddintheschoolhall.AmericanPromshavebecomeelaborate(精心的）andexpensive,completewithluxuryhotelballrooms(豪華的酒店舞廳），livebandsandexpensivepromdressed.Theynowincludeafter-Promactivitiesthatoftenextendintotheearlymorningofthenextday.TheLeaver'sBallintheUKisnotsoformal(正式）.Thegirlsalsowearballgownsandtheboyssuits.Adinneranddiscowillbeheldataalocalhotel.Eachpupilbuysaticketandcangowithapartnerorjustarrivewithfriends.61.WelearnfromthispassagethatthePromisa_______.A.testB.gameC.party62.InAustralia,peoplecall"Prom"_______.A.Leavers'BallB.GradorFormalC.MatricDance63.ThemostimportantactivityinthePromis______.A.dancingB.eatingC.meeting64.TheMatricDanceisoftenheldinthe_____.A.schoolhallB.hotelballroomC.localrestaurant65.Accordingtothispassage,theeventin_____coststhemost.A.theUnitedStatesB.theUKDAfterastudyshowedthatoneineverytenmealsinthecountrymaybecookedwithdirtyoil,theStateFoolandDrugAdministrations(SFDA)onThursdayissuesanemergencynotice(發(fā)布緊急通知）torestaurantnationwide,warningthemagainstrecyclingoil.Theswill-oiliscookingoilrefinedfromkitchenwastethathasbeenrecycled.Althoughitlookscleanandclear,it'sactuallysodangeroustopeople'shealththatitmaycausecancer.Accordingtoareporter,theswill-oilbusinessisextremelyprofitable.Recyclingonetonofkitchenwastewillproduce130kgofswilloil.Withitspricebeinghalfthatofnormalcookingoil,aprofit(利潤）of1.5to2billionyuanisproducedinthewholeswill-oilbusinessinthecountryeveryyear.Theprofitisalmost200%,soit'seasytounderstandwhythebusinessissohot.sHeDongping,aprofessorfromWuhanPolytechnicUniversity(WHPU)said:"Tostoptheuseofdirtyoilshouldstartatitssource,kitchenwaste.Andthefirststepistofindagoodwayofcollectingkitchenwaste.""However,itmighttakeabout10yearsbeforeChinacouldsolvetheproblemcompletely."headded.66.Accordingtothestudy,______ofusmayhaveeatenthefoodcookedbydirtyoil.A.fewB.nobodyC.many67.It's______totellthedifferencebetweenswill-oilandnormalcookingoiljustbylooking..A.fastB.easyC.hard68.Theunderlinedsentence"Theswill-oilbusinessisextremelyprofitable"meansthattheswill-oilbusinessisreallya_____.A.bigmoney-makerB.commonsituationC.terriblething69.Wecaninfer(推斷）fromthispassagethat______.A.thebiggestproblemisthatrestaurantsproducestoomuchkitchenwasteB.thewayofdealingwithkitchenwasteisn'tgoodenoughnowC.wecanstoptheuseofswill-oilinashorttimeifwetakeitserious70.Themaintopicofthispassageisabout______.A.restaurantserviceB.foodsafetyC.eatinghabitsItwasSunday.Thetrainwascrowded.Agentlemanwastryingtolookforaplace.Inoneofthecarshesawavacantseat.Butasmallsuitcasewaslyingonitandayoungmanwassittingnexttoit."Isthisseattaken?"askedthegentleman."Yes,it'smyfriend's."answeredtheyoungman."He'sjustcoming-thisishissuitcase.""Well,"saidthegentleman,"I'llsitheretillhecomes."Fiveminuteslaterthetrainstarted,butnobodycame."Yourfriendislate,"saidthegentleman."Hehasmissedhistrain,butheneednotlosehissuitcase."Andwiththesewordshetookthesuitcaseandthrewitoutofthewindow.Theyoungmangotupandtriedtocatchthesuitcase,butitwastoolate.Itwasagoodlesson*tohim.-"It'simpolitetotakeasecondseatjustforbeingmorecomfortableforoneself."51.Thegentlemanwaslookingfora_________.A.seatB.suitcaseC.friend52."Avacantseat"isaseatthat_________.A.somebodysitsonB.there'ssomethingonC.nobodysitson53.Infact,the*suitcasebelongedtotheA.youngmanB.gentlemanC.youngman'sfriend54.Weknowfromthestorythattheyoungman_________.A.wasfriendlyandhelpfulB.wasnothonestC.toldthetruth55.Wecanguessthattheyoungmanmustfeelvery_________intheend.A.happyB.excitedC.upsetBOneday,ateacherwasgivingaspeechtohisstudents.Heheldup(舉起)aglassofwaterandaskedtheclass,"Howheavydoyouthinkthisglassofwateris?"Thestudents'answersrangedfrom20gto500g.?"Itdoesnotmatterontheweightitself.Itdependsonhowlongyouholdit.IfIholditforaminute,itisOK.IfIholditforanhour,Iwillhaveanacheinmyrightarm.IfIholditforaday,youwillhavetocallanambulance(救護車).Itisexactlythesameweight,butthelongerIholdit,theheavieritbecomes."Ifwecarryourburdens(負擔)allthetime,soonerorlater,wewillnotbeabletocarryon,theburdenbecomingincreasinglyheavier.""Whatyouhavetodoistoputtheglassdown,restforawhilebeforeholdingitupagain."Wehavetoputdowntheburdensometimes,sothatwecanberefreshedandareabletocarryon.Sobeforeyoureturnhomefromworktonight,puttheburdenofworkdown.Don'tcarryitbackhome.Youcanpickituptomorrow.Whateverburdensyouarehavingnowonyourshoulders,letitdownforamomentifyoucan.56.Theteacherbroughtaglassofwatertotheclassbecause_________.A.hewasverythirstyB.hisarmswerestrongC.itwasagoodexample57."Aglassofwater"inthispassagereferredto(指)_________.A.knowledgeB.theburdenC.thetime58.Accordingtotheteacher,youmayfeel_________ifyouputdowntheburdensometimes.A.moreenergeticB.muchheavierC.morestressedout59.Thiswasalessonabout_____A.howtorelaxoneselfinlifeB.howtosolveaphysicsproblemC.howtokeepfitbydrinkingwater60.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?A.Youcouldbecomeheavierandheavierifyouheldaglassofwaterinyourhand.B.Allthestudentsintheclassknewwhattheweightoftheglassofwaterexactlywas.C.Theteacherhadagoodwayofmakinghislessonclearandeasytobeunderstood*CTohelpyoudecidewhatmightmakeagoodpet,we'veputtogetherapetchecklist.We'venamedsomeoftheanimalsthatareoftenkeptaspets.We'veshownsomegoodpointsandbadpointsabouteach.Andwehopeitmayhelpyoumakethebestchoice(選擇).Pick-a-PetChecklistPetsGoodPointsBadPointsEasytokeepEnjoybeingpettedGoodtoholdHardtohousetrainDroplotsofhairEasilyupsetbyhightemperatureCanbeveryinterestingCanbefriendlywhenyoungAgainstthelaw(法律)tokeepinmanystatesintheU.S.CangetunkindwhenolderEasytofeed&.careforCanliveindoorsoroutFuntoholdVeryfriendlyMayscratchfurnitureLittlepanscanbemessyMaykillbirdsMaymakeyousneezeComeinmanysizesCanliveindoorsoroutFuntolove&-playwithVeryfriendlyCangivesafetyCanbesmelly,messy,noisyNeedtobelicensed&trainedMaymakeyousneezeMaybite(咬)ifangryNeedlotsofattention61.Youare_________tokeeparaccoonasapetinmanyplacesofAmerica.A.suggestedB.encouragedC.notallowed62.Itwouldbeeasierforyoutokeepa_________asapetifyou'reoftentoobusytotakecareofit.A.rabbitorraccoonB.rabbitorcatC.raccoonordog63.Ifyoufeedbirdsathome,youshouldbeverycarefultochoosea_________asyouranotherpet.A.rabbitB.raccoonC.cat64.Thedogmay_________youifyoumakeitangry.A.hurtB.fixC.train65.Thewritertriestohelpus_________withthechecklist.A.learnhowtolookafterourpetsB.findwhichanimalisourbestchoiceasapetC.knowwhatkindofanimalscanbekeptasapetDEvery30secondsthereisanearthquake.Butdon'tworrybecausemostaresoweakthattheycannotbe.felt.Onlyafewbigoneshurtpeople.ManyearthquakeshappenedinChina,suchasthebigoneinSichuanlastmonth.Thousandsofpeoplediedinit.Soit'simportanttoknowwhattodowhenonehits.Herearesometipsonhowtostaysafeinanearthquake.1.Ifyouareindoorsduringanearthquake,hide(躲藏)underadesk.Stayawayfromwindowsandanythingthatcouldfallonyou.2.Ifyouareoutdoors,movetoaclearplace.Trytobeawayfromtrees,signs,buildingsandstreetlights.Thesecouldfallonyou.3.Ifyouareinashopandfarfromthedoor,don'ttrytorunoutsideandrushforexits(出口).Everyonewillbedoingthatandyou'11findithardgettingout.Don'tgetintoaliftduringanearthquake.Justhideundersomestrongcovernearyou.4.Whenanearthquakehasended,becarefulbecauseaftershocksmaystillhappen.Thesearejustasdangerousastheearthquakeitself.Sostayunderthedeskuntilyoumakesureit'ssafetogetup.5.Ifyouareathomeandyousmellgas(煤氣),openthewindowsandgetoutofthebuildingasquicklyasyoucan.Agaslineinyourhousemaybebroken.Thiscouldbeverydangerous.66.Mostearthquakesaretoo_________tohurtpeople.A.strongB.weakC.dangerousA.gotoaplaygroundB.stayunderatreeC.standbythewindow68.Ifyou'reinashopandfarfromthedoor,you'dbetter_________.A.rushtothedoorfightawayB.runafterthepeoplequicklyC.hideyourselfunderacovernearyou69.Thebesttitleofthispassageis"_________".A.HowdangeroustheearthquakeisB.HowtobesafeduringanearthquakeC.Don'tbeafraidoftheearthquake70.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEaccordingtot