托?；A(chǔ)語法公開課獲獎?wù)n件

三大從句第1頁三大類從句名詞性從句主語從句賓語從句表語從句同位語從句形容詞性從句定語從句副詞性從句狀語從句第2頁名詞性從句名詞可以做什么成分？主語，賓語，表語，同位語第3頁兩大類連接詞1.that+S+V+… 只起到引導(dǎo)作用 不充當(dāng)成分 自身無詞義 省略？？2.wh- what,who,whom,which,where,when,why,how,whether 充當(dāng)成分 不能省略 句子語序第4頁特殊疑問詞引導(dǎo)名詞性從句規(guī)律：名詞性從句理解問題wh-/howwhat+S+V -----SV內(nèi)容： whathesaidwhere+S+V -----SV地點(diǎn)： whereIstay第5頁特殊疑問詞引導(dǎo)名詞性從句when+S+V -----SV時間：

whenJackleftwhyS+V ----SV原因

whyJennyrefusedForrest第6頁特殊疑問詞引導(dǎo)名詞性從句how+S+V----SV方式；S怎樣地V howstudentsshouldbehavehowmuchS+V ----SV程度； S在多大程度上V； S有多么地V

howmuchIloveyou第7頁特殊疑問詞引導(dǎo)名詞性從句whether+S+V----S與否V Whetherheestothepartyornotisnoneofmybusiness.第8頁主語從句-that連接詞Thathesurvivedintheearthquakeisamiracle.Hesurvivedintheearthquake.Xisamiracle.ThatBilldivorcedJulietisnotsurprising.BilldivorcedJuliet.Xisnotsurprising.主語從句中that連接詞不能省略！??！第9頁That引導(dǎo)主語從句后置防止頭重腳輕+尾部焦點(diǎn)原則1.It+be+adj.+that-從句Itisnaturalthattheyshouldhavedifferentviews.Itwasobviousthatshedidnotwanttoe.Itisstrangethatheknowsnothingaboutit.第10頁寫作練習(xí)假如一種社會想要進(jìn)步，拋棄老式很必要。Itisimportantthat…important/essential/vital/crucial/significant/進(jìn)步——makeprogress拋棄老式——rejecttraditionsItisessentialthatasocietyshouldrejectitstraditions,ifitwantstomakeprogress.第11頁That引導(dǎo)主語從句后置2.It+be+n.+that-從句Itisapitythathecannotswim.It’sawonderthatheisstillalive.Itwasadisappointmenttoyourmotherthatyoufailedtheexam.第12頁寫作練習(xí)保護(hù)和推廣自己國家歷史和文化遺產(chǎn)是年青一代不可防止任務(wù)。Itisanunavoidabletaskthat…保護(hù)和推廣——conserveandpromote國家歷史和文化遺產(chǎn)——nationalhistoricalandculturalheritages年青一代——younggenerationsItisanunavoidabletaskthattheyounggenerationsconserveandpromotetheirnationalhistoricalandculturalheritages.第13頁That引導(dǎo)主語從句后置3.It+be+v-ed+that-從句規(guī)律：it背面跟動詞被動語態(tài)形式，再接that從句無主語，理解成“據(jù)。。?！盜tissaidthattherehasbeenanearthquakeinIndia.Itisreportedthattheenemytroopshavecrossedtheborder.“人們”作主語，進(jìn)行積極理解；或者直接砍掉，做必然理解ItisbelievedthatJapaneseareweird.Itwasrumouredthathewassufferingfromakidneystone.ItmustbepointedoutthatEnglishisactuallynotdifficult.第14頁寫作練習(xí)人們普遍認(rèn)為國際旅游業(yè)增進(jìn)了跨文化交流。Itiswidelyacceptedthat…國際旅游業(yè)——internationaltourism增進(jìn)——promote跨文化交流——cross-culturalmunicationItiswidelyacceptedthatinternationaltourismhaspromotedcross-culturalmunication.第15頁That引導(dǎo)主語從句后置4.It+vi.+that-從句；It+vt.+O+that-從句Ithappenedthatshewasnotinthatday. 碰巧Itturnedoutthatsheusedtobeaman. 成果是Itoccurredtomethatperhapsshewaslying. 忽然想起Itstruckmethatweoughttomakeanewplan. 我忽然想起(strike)第16頁寫作練習(xí)父母和教育家認(rèn)為，電視“成功”阻礙了孩子心剪發(fā)展。Itoccurstoparentsandeducatorsthat…asuccessfuldestroyer心剪發(fā)展——mentaldevelopmentItoccurstoparentsandeducatorsthatTVhasbeenasuccessfuldestroyerofchildren’smentaldevelopment.第17頁主語從句特殊疑問詞what,who,whom,which,where,when,why,how,whether——不能用if第18頁人們與否應(yīng)當(dāng)?shù)搅四骋荒挲g就應(yīng)當(dāng)被強(qiáng)制退休是一種公眾話題。atacertainagebeforcedtoretire公眾話題——publicfocusWhetherpeopleshouldbeforcedtoretireatacertainagehasbeenapubicfocus.第19頁找到可以處理我們越來越多垃圾地方是許多政府都非常頭疼一件事。處理——disposeofheadacheWherewecandisposeoftheincreasingrubbishisagreatheadachetomanygovernments.第20頁表達(dá)“越來越”寫作升級(1)mounting+n. ※mounting修飾名詞n.為 抽象、不可數(shù)名詞 Eg.mountingprice/criticism/plaint/praise第21頁表達(dá)“越來越”寫作升級(2)ever+adj.比較級： TheEnglishexamisbeingevermoredifficult.第22頁表達(dá)“越來越”寫作升級(3)increasing ①修飾可數(shù)名詞： anincreasingnumberof+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù) ②修飾不可數(shù)名詞： anincreasingamountof+不可數(shù)名詞 ③修飾形容詞：increasingly+adj. TheEnglishexamisbeing increasinglydifficult.第23頁賓語從句that類連接詞Expertsconfirmedthatapumawillnotattackahumanbeingunlessitiscornered.不充當(dāng)成分只起到連接作用可以省略第24頁wh-連接詞謂語動詞賓語Iwonderwhyhedeservedhiswell-paidposition.介詞賓語Thatwilldependonwhereweshallgo.不定式賓語Armedwithatorch,thevicarwentupintotheclocktowertoseewhatwasgoingon.第25頁賓語從句特殊疑問詞what,who,whom,which,where,when,why,how,whether——可以用if第26頁說到教育，大部分人認(rèn)為其是終身學(xué)習(xí)。Whenitesto…themajorityof…alifetimestudyWhenitestoeducation,themajorityofpeoplebelievethatitisalifetimestudy.第27頁他們聲稱，通過補(bǔ)習(xí)，孩子可以獲得諸多實(shí)踐技能和有用知識。補(bǔ)習(xí)——extrastudies聲稱——claim,maintainobtain,gainpracticalskillsusefulknowledgeByextrastudies,theymaintainedthattheirchildrenareabletoobtainmanykindsofpracticalskillsandusefulknowledge.第28頁一項調(diào)查顯示，許多農(nóng)民工認(rèn)為在都市打工不僅有較高收入，并且能學(xué)到某些新技術(shù)。show/demonstratefarmerlaborers/ruralemigrantsAninvestigationshowsthatmanyruralemigrantsconsiderthatworkingatcitiescanprovidethemwithnotonlyahighsalarybutalsotheopportunitytolearnnewskills.第29頁我想懂得，這個做法與否經(jīng)得起推敲。經(jīng)得起推敲——bearcloseranalysisIwonderwhether/ifthispracticecanbearcloseranalysis.第30頁表語從句that類連接詞Thetruthisthathelacksthedecisivenesstobealeader.WhatIdislikeaboutthedealisthatitisreallydishonest.不充當(dāng)成分只起到連接作用不可以省略第31頁表語從句——wh-類連接詞what,who,whom,which,where,when,why,how,whether——不能用if第32頁Theking’sconcerniswhowillsucceedtohisthrone.Thequestionputforwardbytheconsultantiswhatthemanagementistodowiththeworker’sstrike.第33頁其中一種爭論問題是一種人與否應(yīng)選擇舒適衣服，而不管是不是時尚。Oneofthequestionsunderdebate不管——regardlessofOneofthequestionsunderdebateiswhetherapersonshouldchoosefortableclothes,regardlessoffashion.第34頁被某些人忽視是，國際旅游也許會給當(dāng)?shù)丨h(huán)境和歷史帶來劫難性影響。Whatsomepeoplefailtosee…劫難性——disastrousimpactWhatsomepeoplefailtoseeisthatinternationaltourismmaybringaboutadisastrousimpactonourenvironmentandlocalhistory.第35頁同位語從句諸多（抽象）名詞后可以跟that引導(dǎo)從句，闡明其詳細(xì)內(nèi)容，這樣從句就是同位語從句。Thereisnodoubtthathewasanexcellentscholar.Hewasconsciousofthefactthatshedidnotapproveofwhathewasdoing.Wereceivedamessagethathewouldbeabsent.第36頁同位語從句舉例Wehaveproofthatthismanmittedthecrime.Ihaveexpressedtheopinionthatshecanact.Ihadtheimpressionthatshechoseherwordswithcare.第37頁背面常常跟同位語從句名詞doubt,fact,message,proof,opinion,hopes,impression,evidence,idea,belief,feeling,conclusion,rumour,report,possibility,guarantee,thought,assurance,news,story,order,etc.第38頁毫無疑問，需求增長導(dǎo)致了價格上漲。Thereisnodoubtthat…Thereisnodoubtthattheincreaseindemandleadstotheriseinprices.第39頁當(dāng)今年輕人以自我為中心、對人冷漠和不顧及他人這樣事實(shí)，在很大程度上是孩童時期父母對他們過度縱容成果。self-centeredindifferenceinconsiderateThefactthatyoungpeoplenowadaysareself-centered，indifferentandinconsiderateislargelytheouteofparentaloverindulgence.第40頁沒有人能否認(rèn)這一重要事實(shí)：近來幾年交通問題在全世界受到了普遍關(guān)注。Noonecandenytheessentialfactthat…thetrafficproblemoverthelastyearshasattractedwidepublicconcernallovertheworld.第41頁定語從句在句子中作為定語，修飾一種名詞或代詞“……人”“……東西”先行詞——連接詞關(guān)系代詞：who,whom,whose,that,which,as關(guān)系副詞：when,where,why被修飾名詞或者代詞第42頁關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)定語從句(1)1.who,whom,that替代人Youngpeoplewhoabusetheiragedparentsshouldbecondemned.Youngpeopleshouldbecondemned.Youngpeopleabusetheiragedparents.Youngpeople,abusingtheiragedparentsshouldbecondemned.第43頁養(yǎng)寵物可以把孩子變成具有同情心人。Petraising同情心——caringmindturn…intoPetraisingcanturnchildrenintocitizenswhohaveacaringmind.第44頁先行詞作賓語Thegirlswhoheemploysarealwaysplainingabouttheirpay.Thegirlsarealwaysplainingabouttheirpay.Heemploysthegirls.第45頁先行詞作賓語ThemanwithwhomIwastravellingdidnotspeakEnglish.ThemandidnotspeakEnglish.Iwastravellingwiththeman.第46頁醫(yī)生對病人說謊，病人也許活得更長。enjoyalongerlifewhitelieApatientmayenjoyalongerlife.Doctorstellwhiteliestoapatient.Apatienttowhomdoctorstellwhiteliesmayenjoyalongerlife.第47頁關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)定語從句(2)2.whose,在定語從句中作定語,可以指人，也可以指物Youngsterswhosemindsarecorruptedbypornographiccontentsarehighlylikelytogoastray.Hesawahousewhosewindowwereallbroken.第48頁醫(yī)生會進(jìn)退兩難，假如他病人身患癌癥。beinadilemmagetcancerAdoctorwhosepatientgetscancerwillbeinadilemma.第49頁關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)定語從句(3)3.which,that替代物Itisavirtuouscoursetoprovidethepoorwithgoodjobsthatallowthemtosupporttheirfamilies.第50頁廣告上出現(xiàn)具有欺騙性、誤導(dǎo)性內(nèi)容受到劇烈批評。cheatingandmisleadingadsandmercialsCheatingandmisleadingmaterials,whichappearinadsandmercials,havebeenstronglycriticized.第51頁關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)定語從句1.引導(dǎo)一種定語從句2.在從句中成分——狀語where–地點(diǎn)狀語when–時間狀語why–原因狀語3.關(guān)系副詞=prep.+關(guān)系代詞第52頁Thisisthehotelwherewestayedlastsummer.Westayedinthehotellastsummer.where=inwhich第53頁Thereareoccasionswhenonemustlie.Thereareoccasions.Onemustlieonoccasion.when=onwhichThereareoccasionsonwhichonemustlie.第54頁Canyoutellmethereasonwhyyouaresounhappy?why=forwhichCanyoutellmethereasonforwhichyouaresounhappy?第55頁這就是富國拒絕協(xié)助窮國理由。Thisisthereason…why;forwhichThisisthereasonwhyrichcountriesrefusetoaidtheirpoorcounterparts.第56頁限定性定語從句與非限定性定語從句ThebeautyoverthereisYH’sgirlfriendwhodressesinred.ThebeautyoverthereisYH’sgirlfriend,whodressesinred.規(guī)律：非限定性定語從句，理解成插入語，或者直接刪除；限定性要翻譯理解成明確定語。第57頁名詞后that引導(dǎo)從句名詞背面跟隨that引導(dǎo)從句時，一般有兩種也許：（1）that引起定語從句，該名詞是先行詞，在背面句子中充當(dāng)成分，一般是主語或賓語；（2）that引起同位語從句，解釋闡明該名詞詳細(xì)內(nèi)容。第58頁名詞后that從句判斷原則判斷原則有兩個：第一，看名詞。假如that前面名詞是詳細(xì)名詞，那么that從句一般是定語從句；假如that前面名詞是抽象名詞，那么that從句一般是同位語從句。第59頁名詞后that從句判斷原則第二，看從句。假如從句中缺乏成分，一定是定語從句，而that在從句中充當(dāng)就是那個缺乏成分，一般是主語或者賓語；假如從句內(nèi)容完整，一般是同位語從句，that在從句中沒有詞意，只起到引導(dǎo)作用。第60頁名詞后that從句判斷原則第三，看先行詞和從句關(guān)系同位語從句和先行詞是同等關(guān)系；定語從句是用來修飾先行詞，是從屬關(guān)系。第61頁狀語從句狀語從句 狀語從句是行使?fàn)钫Z功能從句， 其作用相稱于副詞，因此也稱為副詞性從句。第62頁狀語從句種類：時間狀語從句地點(diǎn)狀語從句原因狀語從句成果狀語從句目狀語從句條件狀語從句讓步狀語從句方式狀語從句比較狀語從句第63頁1、時間狀語從句常見引導(dǎo)詞：

when,while,as,before,aftersince,untilassoonas;hardly…when;scarcely…when第64頁當(dāng)有許多措施可以替代動物試驗時候，就沒有必要在動物身上進(jìn)行試驗了。alternativesItisunnecessaryto..Itisunnecessarytoconductexperimentsonanimalswhenthereareanumberofalternatives.第65頁一旦食物鏈斷裂，整個生態(tài)系統(tǒng)就會永久被變化。foodchain/webecosystemAssoonasthefoodchainisbroken,thewholeecosystemcouldbeforeverchanged.第66頁2.地點(diǎn)狀語從句where,wherever有人類地方，野生動物都被迫離開。Wildanimalsareforcedtoleavewhereverthereishumanity.第67頁3、原因狀語從句該從句表達(dá)原因,作原因狀語,引導(dǎo)詞包括:because,as,since,nowthat,considering(that)第68頁because由于有目旳人獲得成功，由于他們方向明確。Peoplewithgoalssucceedbecausetheyknowwheretheyaregoing.第69頁as/since/for由于Asyouweren’tthere,Ileftamessage.Iwillseektobalancecareerandfamilysincebothareimportanttome.Iwilllaughforthisisthegreatsecretoflonglife.第70頁nowthat由于.既然可以和since換用Nowthatyou’vepassedthetestyoucandriveonyourown.Nowthatyoumentionit,Idoremembertheincident.第71頁considering(that)

考慮到考慮到計劃還沒有實(shí)行，會議取消了。實(shí)行——carryoutTheconferencewascancelledconsideringthattheplanhasnotbeencarriedout.第72頁4、成果狀語從句該從句表到達(dá)果，作成果狀語，引導(dǎo)詞包括：so…that,such…that第73頁so/such…that

如此…以至于Youthissowonderfulthatitisacrimetowasteit.Mostpeoplepursuepleasurewithsuchbreathlesshastethattheyhurrypastit.第74頁5、條件狀語從句該從句表達(dá)條件，作條件狀語，引導(dǎo)詞包括：if,unless,incase,aslongas(solongas)assumingsuppose(supposing),provided(providing),第75頁if假如Justimaginehowhorribletheworldwouldbe，ifhumansaretheonlycreatureintheworld.第76頁unless除非，假如不在意義上，相稱于if…not要記?。杭偃鐩]有百分之百把握就不要承諾任何事情。Don’tpromiseanythingunlessyouare100percentsure.第77頁incase假如要記住：假如你失敗了，不要灰心。要繼續(xù)努力。Incaseyoufail,don’tbediscouraged.Keeptrying.第78頁as/solongas只要，假如要記?。褐灰幌⑸写?，我就要堅持。Solongasthereisbreathinme,Ishallpersist.第79頁suppose(supposing)假如和if同義Suppose(supposing)youmakesomemistakes,itisnottheendoftheworld.第80頁provided(providing)假如和if同義Providedthatyouhavethemoneyinyouraccount,youcanwithdrawupto$1000aday.第81頁6、目狀語從句該從句表達(dá)目，作目狀語，引導(dǎo)詞包括：sothat,inorderthat,lest,incase,forfearthat第82頁inorderthat/sothatHeleftearlyinorderthatheshould/would/might/arriveontime.第83頁lest,incase,forfearthat以防，以免Imustconcentrateonaction,lest/incase/forfearthatIwitherindespair.我們必須專注于行動，以免在絕望中消沉下去。第84頁7、讓步狀語從句該句表達(dá)讓步關(guān)系，作讓步狀語，引導(dǎo)詞包括：although,though,whileevenif,eventhough,nomatter(what,who,which,when,where,how)whatever,whoever,whichever,whenever,wherever,however第85頁although/though/while

盡管,雖然although語氣較重盡管世界充斥苦難，但苦難總是可以克服。Althoughtheworldisfullofsufferings,theycanalwaysbeovere.盡管勝利并不重要，但努力去獲勝卻很重要。Whilewinningisnoteverything,tryingtowiniseverything.第86頁although/though雖然有時可以作evenif解釋Iwouldnotmarryyoualthough/thoughyouwerethelastmanonearth.第87頁evenif/eventhough雖然，縱然Evenif

youtakeataxi,you’llstillmissyourtrain.Eventhoughyouapologize,shewillmaynotforgiveyou.第88頁nomatter…

what,who,which,how,when,where=whatever,whoever,whichever,however,whenever,whereverWhereveryougo,whateveryoudo,Iwillberightherewaitingforyou.RightHereWaiting此情可待第89