2022-2023年湖北省黃石市大學(xué)英語(yǔ)6級(jí)大學(xué)英語(yǔ)六級(jí)

2022-2023年湖北省黃石市大學(xué)英語(yǔ)6級(jí)大學(xué)英語(yǔ)六級(jí)學(xué)校:________班級(jí):________姓名:________考號(hào):________

一、2.ReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(20題)1.

Manypeoplefinditdifficulttomakeuptheirmindswhethertochangetheircareerpath.

A.YB.NC.NG

2.Foracompanyowner,unpleasanthumanresourcessituations______.

A.arenotdifficulttodealwith

B.shouldnotdrawmuchattention

C.canreducetheworkefficiency

D.arenecessaryforhis/hersuccess

3.StressManagement:PersonallyAdjustingtoStress

Stressisastateofimbalancebetweendemandsmadeonusfromoutsidesourcesandourcapabilitiestomeetthosedemands.Often,itprecedesandoccursconcurrentlywithconflict.Stress,asyouhaveseen,canbebroughtonbyphysicalevents,otherpeople'sbehavior,socialsituations,ourownbehavior,feelings,thoughts,oranythingthatresultsinheightenedbodilyawareness.Inmanycases,whenyouexperiencepain,anger,fear,ordepression,theseemotionsarearesponsetoastressfulsituationlikeconflict.

Sometimes,inhighlystressfulconflictsituations,wemustcopewiththestressbeforewecopewiththeconflict.Relievingsomeoftheintensityoftheimmediateemotionalresponsewillallowustobecomemorelogicalandtolerantinres61vingtheconflict.Herearesomeofthewayswehaveforcontrollingourphysicalreactionsandourthoughtswillbeexplained.

Peopleresponddifferentlytoconflictjustastheyresponddifferentlytostress.Somepeoplehandlebothbetterthanothersdo.Individualdifferencesarenotasimportantaslearninghowtomanagethestresswefeel.Thegoalinstressmanagementisself-control,particularlyinthefaceofstressfulevents.

Stressreactionsinvolvetwomajorelements:(1)heightenedphysicalarousalasrevealedinanincreasedheartrate,sweatypalms,rapidbreathing,andmusculartension,and(2)anxiousthoughts,suchasthinkingyouarehelplessorwantingtorunaway.Sinceyourbehavior.andyouremotionsarecontrolledbythewayyouthink,youmustacquireskillstochangethosethoughts.

Controllingphysicalsymptomsofstressrequiresrelaxation.Sitinacomfortablepositioninaquietplacewheretherearenodistractions.Closeyoureyesandpaynoattentiontotheoutsideworld.Concentrateonlyonyourbreathing.Slowlyinhaleandexhale.Now,witheachexhaledbreathsay"relax"gentlyandpassively.Makeitarelaxingexperience.Ifyouusethismethodtohelpyouinconflictsituationsoveraperiodoftime,theword"relax"willbecomeassociatedwithasenseofphysicalcalm;sayingitinastressfulsituationwillhelpinduceasenseofpeace.

Anotherwaytoinducerelaxationisthroughtensionrelease.Thetheoryhereisthatifyoutenseasetofmusclesandthenrelaxthem,theywillbemorerelaxedthanbeforeyoutensedthem.Practiceeachmusclegroupseparately.Theultimategoal,however,istorelaxallmusclegroupssimultaneouslytoachievetotalbodyrelaxation.Foreachmusclegroup,inturn,tensethemusclesandholdthemtenseforfiveseconds,thenrelaxthem.Repeatthistension-releasesequencethreetimesforeachgroupofmuscles.Next,tenseallmusclestogetherforfiveseconds,thenreleasethem.Now,takealow,deepbreathandsay"relax"softlyandgentlytoyourselfasyoubreatheout.Repeatthiswholesequencethreetimes.

Youdonotneedtowaitforspecialtimestopracticerelaxing.If,duringthecourseofyourdailyactivities,younoticeatensemusclegroup,youcanhelprelaxthisgroupbysaying"relax"inwardly.Monitoryourbodilytension.Insomecasesyoucan'prepareyourselfforstressfulsituationsthroughrelaxationbeforetheyoccur.Practicewillhelpyoucalluptherelaxationresponsewheneverneeded.

Forotherwaystorelax,donotoverlookregularexercise.Aerobicoryoga-typeexercisecanbehelpful.Personalfitnessprogramscanbetiedtotheseinnermessagesto"relax"foracompleterelaxationresponse.

Controllingyourthoughtsisthesecondmajorelementinstressmanagement.Managingstresssuccessfullyrequiresflexibilityinthinking.Thatis,youmustconsideralternativeviews.Yourcurrentviewiscausingthestress!Youmustalsokeepfromattachingexaggeratedimportancetoevents.

&

A.YB.NC.NG

4.

Peopleusuallyplaceanearlybidincasethebiddingendstoosoonwithsomeonechoosing_______________.

5.

Contrarytoindividualsportswhichcallforagreatersenseofautonomy,teamsportslayemphasison______.

6.Whatdoresearchersthinkisthedriveformanyeverydaypreferences?

A.Thehastejudgment.

B.Themechanismofself-feedback.

C.Theinteractionwithothers.

D.Theexpectationforthefuture.

7.

Oftenassociatedwithcrudeoil,naturalgasisprincipallymadeupof___________andotherhydrocarbongases.

8.Whyisthedebateongeneticallymodifiedfoodsmoreheatedindevelopingcountries?

A.Theyhavearichrangeoffoods.

B.Theyliketraditionalandnaturalfood.

C.Theyhavetofeedfast-growingpopulations.

D.TherisksofGMfoodoutweighthebenefits.

9.

GlobalizedresearchhasmadeXu'sYalelabmorecompetitivebecausethelab'sresearchworkinChina______.

10.Comparedwithbeingliars,itis______todetectaliaraccordingtothestudy.

11.

Whenusingadrive-upATM,you'dbetterdriveclosetothemachineaswellas______.

12.MartinusvanSchalkwyk,theministerofenvironmentalaffairsandtourism,visitedthesouthDurbanbasinearlierthisyearandsaidthereweremeasuresinplaceto______.

13.

Whatkindofanimalaffectedbyman-madechemicalsisnotreferredinthepassage?

A.Polarbears.B.Mammals.C.People.D.Birds.

14.

Populationgrowthisthesolefactorthathaswidenedthegapbetweendevelopinganddevelopedcountries.

A.YB.NC.NG

15.

Thenexttargettopromotethebenefitsoftaughenedglassshouldbe______.

16.

Thispassagetoldustheexperiencesof______captains'narrowescapes.

17.

Manycommunitiesoffer______forbiculturalchildrentolearnabouttheirnativeculturetogetherinafunenvironment.

18.

Insituationsofarmedconflicts,ethnicorreligiousviolence,civiliansintheAndeanregionwhodon'twanttojointhe"right"sideareforcedtoleavetheir______home.

19.

ThesuccessofEdison,PicassoorevenShakespeareliesontheirabilityto______ratherthanmerecreativecapacity.

20.

BesidesSATscores,whatdocollegesalsoconsiderintheiradmissionprocess?

A.Recommendationsandextracurricularactivities.

B.Students'academicachievementinhighschool.

C.Students'abilitytoachievesuccessincollege.

D.Students'ACTscores.

二、3.ListeningComprehension(20題)21.聽(tīng)力原文：M:Howaboutyesterday'slecturesonAmericanFolklore?

W:Theyweren'tatallboring.

Q:Whatdoesthewomanthinkofthelectures?

(16)

A.Thelectureswereallboring.

B.Notallthelectureswereinteresting.

C.Thelectureswereratherinteresting.

D.Thelectureswerejustsoso.

22.(26)

A.Physicalexaminationsaregivenfreethere.

B.Hecangetaninfluenzavaccinationthere.

C.He'llbeabletogetaprescriptionformedicationthere.

D.He'llfindliteratureonnutritionthere.

23.【B8】

24.(16)

A.He'sbeentoobusytocleanhisroom.

B.Cleaningisthelastthinghewantstodo.

C.Hehasn'tcleanedhisroomsinceLindavisitedhim.

D.Lindaistheonlypersonwhoevercomestoseehim.

25.(33)

A.Torestorethenormalproductionoftheoilwells.

B.Toestimatethelossescausedbythefires.

C.Toremovetheoilleftinthedesert.

D.Tousetheoilleftintheoillakes.

26.

【B2】

27.【B6】

28.(21)

A.Theyshinebrightly.

B.Theyareextremelystrong.

C.Theycanstoreheat.

D.TheyCanabsorbwater.

29.聽(tīng)力原文：(32)Theworld'sfirstcompletelyautomaticrailwayhasbeenbuiltunderthebusystreetsofLondon.TherailwayiscalledtheVictoriaLine,anditispartofthecompleteLondonundergroundrailway.ThenewVictoriaLinewasopenedin1969.Thisnewlinewasverydifferentfromtheothers.

Tilestationsontheotherlinesneedalotofworkerstoselltickets,andtocheekandtocollectthemwhenpeopleleavethetrains.ThisisalldifferentontheVictoriaLine.(33)Hereamachinechecksandcollectsthetickets,andtherearenoworkersontileplatforms.()nthetrain,thereisonlyoneworker.(34)Ifnecessary,thismancandrivethetrain.Butusuallyhejuststartsit;itrunsandstopsbyitself.Thetrainsarecontrolledbyelectricalsignalswhicharesentbytheso-called"commandspots".

Thecommandspotsarethesamedistanceapart.Eachsendsacertainsignal.Thetrainalwaysmovesatthespeedthatthecommandspotsallow.Ifthecommandspotsendsnosignals,thetrainwillstop.Mostofthecontrolworkisdonebycomputers.Thecomputersalsofixthetrain'sspeeds,andsendthesignalstothecommandspots.(35)Othermachinesmakesurethatthetrainsarealwaysasafedistanceapart.Onetrainmaystaytoolongatastation;theothertrainswillthenautomaticallymoveslower.Sothereisnodangerofaccidentsontheline.

(33)

A.Theworkersontheplatformswerereplacedbymachines.

B.Itbecamethefirstcompletelyautomaticrailwayintheworld.

C.Acompletelyautomaticlinewasaddedtoitsnetwork.

D.Itstrainsbecamecomputercontrolled.

30.SectionC

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhearapassagethreetimes.Whenthepassageisreadforthefirsttime,youshouldlistencarefullyforitsgeneralidea.Whenthepassageisreadforthesecondtime,youarerequiredtofillintheblanksnumberedfrom36to43withtheexactwordsyouhavejustheard.Forblanksnumberedfrom44to46youarerequiredtofillinthemissinginformation.Fortheseblanks,youcaneitherusetheexactwordsyouhavejustheardorwritedownthe

聽(tīng)力原文：TodayIwanttohelpyouwithastudyreadingmethodknownasSQ3R.Thelettersstandforfivestepsinthereadingprocess.Survey,Question,Read,Review,Recite.Eachofthestepsshouldbedonecarefullyandintheordermentioned．

Inallstudyreading,asurveyshouldbethefirststep：Surveymeanstolookquickly.Instudyreadingyouneedtolookquicklyattitles,wordsindarkerorlargerprint,wordswithcapitalletters,illustrations,andcharts.Don'tstoptoreadcompletesentences.Justlookattheimportantdivisionsofthematerials.

Thesecondstepisquestion.Trytoform.questionsbasedonyoursurvey.Usethequestionwordswho,what,when,where,whyandhow.

Nowyouarereadyforthethirdstep—Read.Youwillbereadingthetitlesandimportantwordsthatyoulookedatinthesurvey.Butthistimeyouwillreadtheexamplesanddetailsaswell.Sometimesitisusefultotakenoteswhileyouread.Ihavehadstudentswhopreferredtounderlineimportantpoints,anditseemedtobejustasusefulasnote-taking.Whatyoushoulddo,whetheryoutakenotesorunderline,istoreadactively.Thinkaboutwhatyouarereadingasaseriesofideas,notjustasequenceofwords.

Tilefourthstepisreview.Rememberthequestionsthatyouwrotedownbeforeyoureadthematerial.Youshouldbeabletoanswerthemnow.Youwillnoticethatsomeofthequestionsweretreatedinmoredetailinthereading.Concentrateonthose.Alsoreviewmaterialsthatyoudidnotconsiderinyourquestions.

Thelaststepisrecite.Trytoputthereadingintoyourownwords,summarizeiteitherinwritingororally.

TodayIwanttohelpyouwithastudyreadingmethodknownasSQ3R.Thelettersstandforfivestepsinthereading(36)______.Survey,Question,Read,Review,Recite.Eachofthestepsshouldbedonecarefullyandintheordermentioned.

Inallstudyreading,asurveyshouldbethefirststep:Surveymeanstolookquickly.Instudyreadingyouneedtolookquicklyattitles,wordsindarkerorlargerprint,wordswith(37)______letters,(38)______andcharts.Don'tstoptoreadcompletesentences.Justlookattheimportant(39)______ofthematerials.

Thesecondstepisquestion.Trytoform.questionsbasedonyoursurvey.Usethequestionwordswho,what,when,where,whyandhow.

Nowyouarereadyforthethirdstep—Read.Youwillbereadingthe(40)______andimportantwordsthatyoulookedatinthe(41)______.Butthistimeyouwillreadtheexamplesand(42)______aswell.Sometimesitisusefultotakenoteswhileyouread.Ihavehadstudentswho(43)______tounderlineimportantpoints,anditseemedtobejustasusefulasnote-taking.Whatyoushoulddo,whetheryoutakenotesorunderline,istoreadactively.(44)____________.

Thefourthstepisreview.Rememberthequestionsthatyouwrotedownbeforeyoureadthematerial.Youshouldbeabletoanswerthemnow.(45)____________.Concentrateonthose.Alsoreviewmaterialthatyoudidnotconsiderinyourquestions.

Thelaststepisrecite.(46)____________.

31.

【B6】

32.聽(tīng)力原文：W:Janetinsistsshe'scomingtomygraduation.

M:Butshehastoworkthatweek,doesn’tshe?

Q:WhatdoesthemanimplyaboutJanet?

(17)

A.Shewon'tbeabletocome.

B.She'snotgoingtograduate.

C.Shehasaweektodothework.

D.She'llvisithersisterinaweek.

33.(35)

A.Onlyone.B.Two.C.Three.D.Morethanthree.

34.

【B8】

35.聽(tīng)力原文：M:WhencanImaketheearliestappointmentwithDr.Johnson?

W:Dr.JohnsonhasappointmentsonMondayandTuesdaymornings,ThursdayandFridayafternoons,andhehasaconferencethewholeday,Wednesday.

Q:WhencanthemanmeetDr.Johnsonattheearliest?

(15)

A.Mondaymorning.

B.Mondayafternoon.

C.Wednesdaymorning.

D.Fridayafternoon.

36.聽(tīng)力原文：Lastsemesteralmosthalfthestudentsinmyclassfailed.BeforeyougetscaredandconcludethatIdon'tlikemystudents,letexplainhowthatcameabout.Thisclassisacompositionclass.Incompositiontherearecertainrulesofformalitythatmustbefollowedinordertoclearlycommunicate.Itisunfortunatethatthesedaysmanystudentsfeelthatformalrulesarenotnecessary.When1gradeapaperandIseethatyouhavemisspelledaword,youhavelost10points.Ifyouhaveusedinadequatepunctuation,thatcancostyouupto15points.Additionally,anypaperthatyoucannotfinishontimewillnotbeaccepted.Anythemethatisnotsubmittedontimewillnotbegraded.Youwillhavetoreadalltheassignments.Iwillgivequizzesonthereadingassignmentsinordertomakesurethatyouarekeepinguponyourreadings.TheclassmeetsonTuesdayandThursdays.Yourfinalgradeisbasedonthetotalscoresofthefourtests,severalquizzesandsixthemepapers.AnytimeyouhaveaproblemIwouldseriouslyrecommendthatyoucometoseeinmyoffice.Myofficeislocatedonthefourthfloorofthebuildingdirectlyinfrontofthebuildingweareinnow.Thehouris2:00pmto4:00pmonthesamedaysasclass.ForThursdayyouwriteanessayaboutyourreadingsfromtheshortstoryonPage74ofthetextbook.Iftherearenoquestions,thatwillbeallfortoday.

(33)

A.TherewillbeatestonTuesday.

B.TherewillbeaquizonTuesday.

C.TheclasswillreadthestoryonThursday.

D.Theclasswillwriteacomposition.

37.(41)

38.聽(tīng)力原文：Mr.Bascombwasupset.Attimeslikethishewishedhehadneverbecomeacandidateformayor.Everythinghadgonewrongthatmorning.Evenbeforeleavingthehouse,hehadreceivedatelephonecallfromhiselectioncampaignmanageraskingformoney.Thismadehimangryandheleftthehouseinabadmood.WhenMr.Bascombarrivedattheoffice,hecouldfeelhisheadthrobbing.Hereachedforthemedicinebutthebottlewasempty.Hehadforgottentopickupsomemedicineatthedrugstore.Mr.Bascomblookedathiswatch.Hewastodeliveracampaignspeechbeforeagroupofbusinessmenattheclubat11o'clock.HehadgivenaroughdraftofhisspeechtoBarbarathedaybeforeandaskedhertotypeitoutforhim.Justthen,thetelephonerang.ItwasBarbara.Sheexplainedthathercarhadbrokendownandshecouldn'tdeatworkuntil12o'clock.Mr.Bascombwasdesperate.Hedidn'tknowwhattodo.Hewasverynervouswhenhearrivedattheclub.Hecouldn'trememberanythinghehadplannedtosaytotheaudience.Hestartedtalkingabouthimselfandhisprodlemsinsteadoftalkingabouttheproblemsofthecity.Mostofthepeopleintheaudiencewerebored.BythetimeMr.Bascombfinishedhisspeech,almosteveryonehadfallenasleeporlefttheroom.

(30)

A.Instructions.

B.Medicine.

C.Money.

D.Thedraftofhisspeech.

39.聽(tīng)力原文：WhentheUnitedStatesGeologicalSurveymakesitsannualreportonearthquakes,Californiausuallyleadsthenationinthenumberoftremorsthatpeople,ratherthanmeasuringinstruments,can“feel”.CaliforniaalsosufferedthemostseriousdamagefromanearthquakeintheSurvey’s

1983reportonsignificantearthquakes.Thesearethequakesthatmeasureatleast6.5ontheRicherscale.Theseearthquakesareincludediftheycauseconsiderabledamageorcasualties(thatis,ifpeopleareinjuredorkilled).

In1983,foursignificantquakesoccurredintheUnitedStates.Thiscomparesto70earthquakesworldwide.ThestrongestUnitesStatesearthquaketookplaceinsouth-centralIdahoandmeasured7.3.ItkilledtwochildreninChallis,anearbytown.Itcaused＄2.5millionindamages.A6.5quakeinCoalinga,California,injured45peopleandcost＄3.1million,LargeareasofCoalingahadtoberazedortorndownbecausethebuildingscouldnetberepaired.

AtremoroffthesoutherncoastofAlaskainthePacificOceanmeasured6.5butcausednodamage.However,a6.6quakeonTheBigIslandinHawaiihurtsixpeopleandcost＄6million.

Californiahadatotalof119earthquakesthatpeoplefeltandreportedtoauthoritiesin1983.Hawaiiwassecondwith75,andAlaskawasthirdwith64earthquakes.

(30)

A.AsignificantearthquakeoccursintheUnitedStates.

B.Asignificantearthquakeoccursintheocean.

C.Asignificantearthquakedoesnotkillanybody.

D.Asignificantearthquakeusuallymeasuresover6.5ontheRichterscale.

40.(34)

A.Whetheritisnecessarytoputlabelsonpreparedfoods.

B.Whatingredientshouldanutritionlabellist.

C.Howtogetconsumerstoreadlabelsmorecarefully.

D.Whatfoodinformationshouldbeprovidedtoconsumers.

三、4.ReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)(20題)41.Theconclusionsfromthestudyindicatethat______.

A.thepursuitofhighself-esteemisatrendofmodernliving

B.whatisbeneficialforthecountryisself-controlratherthanself-esteem

C.itisproductivetopromotethetraditionalculturevalueofself-esteem

D.modestyandhumilityshouldbeemphasizedtoavoidharmfuleffectofhighself-esteem

42.Despitetheworseningglobaleconomy,thenumberofEuropeansusingfibrebroadband______.

43.

Accordingtotheretailers,theshoppersare______withtheirmoney.

A.pessimisticB.restrainedC.hopefulD.miserly

44.

【C7】

45.

Inthelastparagraph,theauthorcitesthenutritionists'wordstoshowthat______.

A.peopleintherichestcountriesconsumemoremeatthanthatisnecessaryforhealth

B.meatconsumptionmaycauseanecologicaldisaster

C.nutritioninmeatisnotasgoodasotherkindsoffood

D.grainsarewastedifpeopledon'teatmeat

46.SectionB

Directions:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Youshoulddecideonthebestchoice.

Forme,scientificknowledgeisdividedintomathematicalsciences,naturalsciencesorsciencesdealingwiththenaturalworld(physicalandbiologicalsciences),andsciencesdealingwithmankind(psychology,sociology,allthesciencesofculturalachievements,everykindofhistoricalknowledge).Apartfromthesesciencesisphilosophy,aboutwhichwewilltalkshortly.Inthefirstplace,allthisispureortheoreticalknowledge,soughtonlyforthepurposeofunderstanding,inordertofulfilltheneedtounderstandwhatisintrinsicandconsubstantial(一體的)toman.Whatdistinguishesmanfromanimalisthatheknowsandneedstoknow.Ifmandidnotknowthattheworldexisted,andthattheworldwasofacertainkind,thathewasintheworldandthathehimselfwasofacertainkind,hewouldn'tbeman.Thetechnicalaspectsofapplicationsofknowledgeareequallynecessaryformanandareofthegreatestimportance,becausetheyalsocontributetodefininghimasmanandpermithimtopursuealifeincreasinglymoretrulyhuman.

Butevenwhileenjoyingtheresultsoftechnicalprogress,hemustdefendtheprimacyandautonomyofpureknowledge.Knowledgesoughtdirectlyforitspracticalapplicationswillhaveimmediateandforeseeablesuccess,butnotthekindofimportantresultwhoserevolutionaryscopeisinlargepartunforeseen,exceptbytheimaginationoftheUtopians.Letmerecallawell-knownexample.IftheGreekmathematicianshadnotappliedthemselvestotheinvestigationofconic(圓錐的)sections,zealouslyandwithouttheleastsuspicionthatitmightsomedaybeuseful,itwouldnothavebeenpossiblecenturieslatertonavigatefarfromshore.Thefirstmentostudythenatureofelectricitycouldnotimaginethattheirexperiments,carriedonbecauseofmereintellectualcuriosity,wouldeventuallyleadtomodernelectricaltechnology,withoutwhichwecanscarcelyconceiveofcontemporarylife.Pureknowledgeisvaluableforitsownsake,becausethehumanspiritcannotresignitselftoignorance.But,inaddition,itisthefoundationforpracticalresultsthatwouldnothavebeenreachedifthisknowledgehadnotbeensoughtdisinterestedly.

TheauthorincludesamongthesciencesallthefollowingEXCEPT______.

A.literatureB.economicsC.anthropologyD.astronomy

47.SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,thereisashortpassagewith5questionsorincompletestatements.Readthepassagecarefully.Thenanswerthequestionsorcompletethestatementsinthefewestpossiblewords.

Wildducksandothermigratory(遷移的)birdscouldbeimportantcarriersofdeadlybirdflu,researcherssay.Evenso,theinfectious-diseaseexpertssaythereisnosolidbasisforkillingwildbirdstoprotectpoultryandminimizetheriskofhumaninfection.

TheEuropeanteaminvestigatingtheglobalspreadoftheH5N1strainofavianinfluenza(禽流感)sayscertainduckspeciesmaybeinfectingwildbirdpopulations.Geeseandwadingbirdsarealsopossiblevectors(帶菌者)ofthevirus,theteamsays.

Theteam'sstudywasledbyBjornOlseoofUmeaUniversityinSweden.OlsanrunsEurope'slargestwild-birdflumonitoringprogram.

Studieshaveshownthatinfluenzavirusesinlakewater,generallypassedviabirdfeces(糞),canstayinfectiousforupto30days.Themigrationorfeedingbehavior.ofdabblingduckscouldatleastpartiallyexplainthespreadoftheH5N1strainofbirdflu,theresearchersadd.

Thisgroupofduckspeciesincludesmallards,teal,pintails,andothersthatfeedatornearthesurface,wherevirusesinwateraremostlikelytobepickedup.Perhapsasaresult,dabblershavethehighestknownratesofavianinfluenzainfection,thestudysays.Forinstance,nearly13percentofmallardstestedpositiveforbirdflu.OtherspeciestestedincludetheAmericanblackduck(18.1percent),blue-wingedteal(11.5percent),andnorthernpintail(11.2percent).

However,birdfluvirusesappeartoexistinducksinalow-pathogenicform,meaninginfectiondoesn'tusuallyleadtosevereillnessanddeath.

"Dabblingducksareforsuretheprimehostsforlowpathogenicviruses,"saidstudyco-authorRonFouchier,avirologistattheErasmusMedicalCenterinRotterdam,Netherlands."Butthebigquestionis,howmuchofourknowledgeaboutthesevirusescanwetranslatetohigh-pathogenicvirusessuchastheH5N1strainofbirdflu?"

Inpoultryavianvirusescanmutate(變異)intomorevirulentinfluenzastrains,includingH5N1.Ifthismutatedvirusthenfindsitswaybackintowildpopulations,thebirdscouldthenspreadthediseasethroughmigration.

SomescientistshavearguedthatwildbirdsinfectedwithHN51wouldbetooilltomigrate.Swans,forinstance,appeartobeparticularlyvulnerabletothestrain."Swansapparentlydropdeadquiteeasily,buttheyareunlikelytobethevectorbecausetheyarenotgoingtoflyveryfariftheyaredead,"Fouchiersaid.

ButthestudyteamsaysthatsomebirdsthathavebeenpurposelyinfectedforthesakeofresearchshowthatwildbirdscansurviveH5NI."ForsomereasonH5N1hasadaptedsoitnolongerkillsdabblingducks,"Fouchiersaid.Thismeanstheducksmaybeabletospreadthevirusoverawidearea.

Thestudyteamsaysmigratorygeesemayalsobevectors,becausetheyoldengrazeinhugeflocks,apracticethatcouldencouragetransmission.

Migratingducks,theresearchersadd,"couldprovideanintercontinentalbridge"forbirdflutoNorthAmerica,whichhasnotyethadanyknowncasesofH5N1.

Accordingtotheauthor,whatmaybethepossiblecarriersofbirdflu?

48.

Itcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphthat______.

A.researchersarequiteclearaboutwhatattractsbacteriaintomicrocapsules

B.thenegative-chargedlayerofpolymersattractedthepositivechargedbacteria

C.alarger"mousetrap"maybehelpfulinfightingagainstinfection

D.polymersandbacteriamaybepushedtogetherbywater'sattraction

49.SectionB

Directions:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Youshoulddecideonthebestchoice.

LosAngeles--"Canyoubelievehowcolditis.'?"giggledPinkattheE!/EnvironmentalMediaAssociation'spost-GoldenGlobesfete(慶祝)onMondaynightinBeverlyHills."That'sagoodsegue(延續(xù)),becausewe'rehereatthispartytotalkabouttheenvironment.Ishouldn'tbefreezing,andifwehavemorepartieslikethis,maybeIwon'tbe."

Pinkwasshiveringinashort-sleevedgoldenmicrominidress,butmostfemalepartygoersweremorebundledup(穿暖)againsttheelements.Despiteheatlampsthatdrewcrowds,theparty,whichwasheldinatentonthetopofaparkinglotnexttotheBeverlyHilton(wheretheGoldenGlobesshowhadplayedoutearlier),wassochillyyoucouldactuallyseeyourbreath.Infact,thetemperaturewasinthethirtiesbythetimeKTTunstalltookthestageandrockedoutwithasetincludingherhitsongsSuddenlyISeeandBlackHorseandtheCherryTree,helpinggetpeople'sbloodflowingastheydanced--stillwearingcoats,however!

Thebiggestwinnertoswoopthroughtheecologicallydec