美國(guó)高品質(zhì)公豬精液生產(chǎn)

ProductionofHighQualityBoarSemen高品質(zhì)公豬精液生產(chǎn)DonaldG.Levis,PhDExtensionEducatorUniversityofNebraska–LincolnAgriculturalResearch&DevelopmentCenter

March20,1USGrainsCouncilSeminar美國(guó)高品質(zhì)公豬精液生產(chǎn)第1頁(yè)Subjectmattertobediscussed

討論主要問(wèn)題Managementofboars公豬管理Proceduresforcollecting,processingandstoringsemen精液采集、處理和貯存程序Designandmanagementofacommercialoff-siteboarstud場(chǎng)外商品公豬站設(shè)計(jì)和管理March20,2USGrainsCouncilSeminar美國(guó)高品質(zhì)公豬精液生產(chǎn)第2頁(yè)ManagementofBoars

公豬管理Topicstodiscuss討論主題ReasonsforcullingAIboars淘汰人工授精站公豬原因Heat-stresseffects熱應(yīng)激作用Photoperiodeffects光照周期作用Frequencyofcollection采精頻率Feedingprogram喂養(yǎng)程序March20,3USGrainsCouncilSeminar美國(guó)高品質(zhì)公豬精液生產(chǎn)第3頁(yè)ReasonsforcullingAIboars

淘汰人工授精站公豬原因Reason原因%Age年紀(jì)28Semenquality精液品質(zhì)28Soundness健壯10Libido性欲10Temperament性情3Ulcers潰湯3Other其它18March20,4USGrainsCouncilSeminar美國(guó)高品質(zhì)公豬精液生產(chǎn)第4頁(yè)Rectaltemperature:直腸溫度38.24°C(Boar1)37.75°C(Boar2)Testisis2to3°Ccooler睪丸溫度要低2-3攝氏度附睪根部陰囊附睪首部腹部后腿Preventheat-stressontestis預(yù)防睪丸熱應(yīng)激反應(yīng)March20,5USGrainsCouncilSeminar美國(guó)高品質(zhì)公豬精液生產(chǎn)第5頁(yè)Vascularsupplytotestishelpscooltestis睪丸供血系統(tǒng)有助降低睪丸溫度Pampiniformplexus蔓狀靜脈叢-heatexchangebetweenarteryandvein動(dòng)脈與靜脈之間熱交換Veins靜脈Artery動(dòng)脈Testicularartery睪丸動(dòng)脈March20,6USGrainsCouncilSeminar美國(guó)高品質(zhì)公豬精液生產(chǎn)第6頁(yè)Temperatureoftestis,epididymis,scrotumandbodyatanambienttemperatureof23°Cor34°C環(huán)境溫度23-34℃時(shí),睪丸、附睪、陰囊及身體溫度Ifscrotumisnotcooled,thetemperatureofthetestiswillcontinuetorisewhenambienttemperaturerises!當(dāng)環(huán)境溫度升高,假如陰囊不能降溫,睪丸溫度將不停升高Temperatureofscrotumincreased4.0C陰囊溫度增加4℃Temperatureoftestisincreased0.7C睪丸溫度增加0.7℃Temperatureofepididymisincreased0.8C附睪溫度增加0.8℃March20,7USGrainsCouncilSeminar美國(guó)高品質(zhì)公豬精液生產(chǎn)第7頁(yè)Totaltimetoproducespermcell:45to50days產(chǎn)生精子細(xì)胞總時(shí)間：45-50天35daysintestis在睪丸中35天10to15daysinepididymis在附睪中10-15天附睪首部附睪根部附睪體部輸精管精小管March20,8USGrainsCouncilSeminar美國(guó)高品質(zhì)公豬精液生產(chǎn)第8頁(yè)HeatStressandSpermAbnormalities

熱應(yīng)激和精子畸形WeeksafterHeatStress熱應(yīng)激后周數(shù)

AbnormalSperm,%Peaksat6weeks6周達(dá)最大Stillhighat8weeks8周仍較高畸形精子March20,9USGrainsCouncilSeminar美國(guó)高品質(zhì)公豬精液生產(chǎn)第9頁(yè)HeatStressofboarsandconceptionrate

公豬熱應(yīng)激與受胎率WeeksafterHeatStress熱應(yīng)激后周數(shù)

Femaleconception,%5-to6-weekdelayuntilworst5-6周延遲后達(dá)最壞ExtendedRecovery延遲恢復(fù)母豬受胎率March20,10USGrainsCouncilSeminar美國(guó)高品質(zhì)公豬精液生產(chǎn)第10頁(yè)Effectofseasononspermoutput

季節(jié)對(duì)精子產(chǎn)量影響冬季夏季種公豬舍精子/射出十億March20,11USGrainsCouncilSeminar美國(guó)高品質(zhì)公豬精液生產(chǎn)第11頁(yè)Effectofseasononpercentageofejaculatesdiscarded季節(jié)對(duì)不合格精液射精百分率影響%motilityor%normalspermwaslessthan70%%活率或%正常精子少于70%冬季夏季種公豬舍不合格精液射精百分比%March20,12USGrainsCouncilSeminar美國(guó)高品質(zhì)公豬精液生產(chǎn)第12頁(yè)Someboarsareheat-stressedat27.9C

有些種公豬在27.9℃產(chǎn)生熱應(yīng)激Coolscrotumwithwaterandairmovement 用水和流動(dòng)空氣來(lái)冷卻陰囊Wetanddrycycle 濕和干循環(huán)Startcoolingprocessat25.5C 在25.5℃時(shí)開始冷卻過(guò)程Respirationrateisnotagoodindicatorofheat-stress 呼吸率不是熱應(yīng)激好指示指標(biāo)March20,13USGrainsCouncilSeminar美國(guó)高品質(zhì)公豬精液生產(chǎn)第13頁(yè)Effectofincreasingairtemperature(1C/day)onrespirationrateof160kgboars

氣溫升高(1℃/天)對(duì)160kg公豬呼吸頻率影響*******Differentfrompre-treatment,P<.05每個(gè)處理之間顯著不一樣*91.4°F(33C)Respirationsaresignificantlygreater天氣溫(華氏)每分鐘呼吸次數(shù)氣溫呼吸頻率呼吸顯著加緊14美國(guó)高品質(zhì)公豬精液生產(chǎn)第14頁(yè)Effectofincreasingairtemperatureonscrotalsurfacetemperatureofboars氣溫對(duì)公豬陰囊表面溫度影響*******Differentfrompre-treatment,P<.05每個(gè)處理之間顯著不一樣****86°F(30C)Scrotaltemperatureis3.5Chigherthanwk1陰囊溫度比一周前高3.5℃氣溫(華氏)氣溫陰囊溫度陰囊溫度(華氏)天15美國(guó)高品質(zhì)公豬精液生產(chǎn)第15頁(yè)Caution

注意Keepingthefloortoowetcauses:保持地板太濕將造成:Bacterialcontaminationofsemen細(xì)菌污染精液Softpadsonthefeetofboars過(guò)軟墊子對(duì)公豬蹄了影響March20,16USGrainsCouncilSeminar美國(guó)高品質(zhì)公豬精液生產(chǎn)第16頁(yè)Doesthedurationofphotoperiodinfluencespermproduction?

光照時(shí)間影響精子產(chǎn)量嗎?March20,17USGrainsCouncilSeminar美國(guó)高品質(zhì)公豬精液生產(chǎn)第17頁(yè)Influenceofphotoperiodandtemperatureonspermproduction

光照時(shí)間和溫度對(duì)精子產(chǎn)量影響**P<.05*每次射精精子數(shù)(十億)光照時(shí)間(小時(shí))March20,18USGrainsCouncilSeminar美國(guó)高品質(zhì)公豬精液生產(chǎn)第18頁(yè)Frequencyofejaculation

射精頻率Balancebetweensemenvolumeandspermcellconcentration精液體積和精子密度之間平衡volumeofseminalfluidsimportantforextension精清體積對(duì)稀釋是非常主要numberofviablespermimportantforfertility活精子數(shù)量對(duì)受精是非常主要March20,19USGrainsCouncilSeminar美國(guó)高品質(zhì)公豬精液生產(chǎn)第19頁(yè)Frequencyofejaculation

射精頻率Twocollectionsperweekisnearoptimumforboarstuds對(duì)公豬站公豬,每七天2次采精較理想MondayandThursday周一和周四TuesdayandFriday周二和周五Somestudsonlycollectonetimeperweek一些公豬站每七天只進(jìn)行一次采精March20,20USGrainsCouncilSeminar美國(guó)高品質(zhì)公豬精液生產(chǎn)第20頁(yè)Theeffectofintervalbetweencollectiononspermoutput采精間隔對(duì)精子產(chǎn)量影響IntervalBetweenCollection,Days2次采精間間隔(天)

SpermCells/collection(billion)每一次采精精子總數(shù)(十億)March20,21USGrainsCouncilSeminar美國(guó)高品質(zhì)公豬精液生產(chǎn)第21頁(yè)Keepboarsonaregularcollectionschedule!

確保公豬有規(guī)律采精日程!40boarscollected1x/wkfor3months40頭公豬每七天采精1次保持3個(gè)月Afterthe3months3個(gè)月后One-halfcontinuedon1timeperweek二分之一繼續(xù)保持每七天采精1次One-halfcollectedrandomly另二分之一隨機(jī)采精Nomorethan3timesperweek每七天不超出3次Notlessthan1timein3weeks在3周內(nèi)不少于1次March20,22USGrainsCouncilSeminar美國(guó)高品質(zhì)公豬精液生產(chǎn)第22頁(yè)Results結(jié)果1timeperweekcollectionschedule每次1次采精程序組18of20boars:Semenquantityremainedconstant20頭公豬中有18頭精液品質(zhì)保持穩(wěn)定Randomcollectionschedule隨機(jī)采精程序組8of20boars:Semenquantityremainedconstant20頭公豬中8頭精液品質(zhì)保持穩(wěn)定3of20boars:Semenquantityimproved20頭公豬中3頭精液品質(zhì)有提升9or20boars:Semenquantitydecreased20頭公豬中9頭精液品質(zhì)有下降March20,23USGrainsCouncilSeminar美國(guó)高品質(zhì)公豬精液生產(chǎn)第23頁(yè)FeedingProgram

喂養(yǎng)模式March20,24USGrainsCouncilSeminar美國(guó)高品質(zhì)公豬精液生產(chǎn)第24頁(yè)Estimationofthedailyenergyrequirementsofbreedingboars使役公豬天天所需能量評(píng)定BW,kg體重,kg100150200250300Growth,kg/d日增重,kg0.10.0Energyrequirements(MJDE/day)能量需要(消化能,MJ/天)Maint.維持17.222.527.331.635.6BGain體增重2.2--Mating配種1.21.4Semen精液0.50.5Total累計(jì)31.033.534.837.339.4March20,25USGrainsCouncilSeminar美國(guó)高品質(zhì)公豬精液生產(chǎn)第25頁(yè)Estimationofthedailyfeedrequirementsofbreedingboars使役公豬飼量評(píng)定BW,kg體重,kg100150200250300Growthkg/d日增重,kg0.10.0Feedrequirements(kg/day)飼喂量(kg/天)Diet:13.0MJDE/kg飼料:消化能13.0MJ/kg2.93.0Diet:13.5MJDE/kg飼料:消化能13.5MJ/kg2.82.9March20,26USGrainsCouncilSeminar美國(guó)高品質(zhì)公豬精液生產(chǎn)第26頁(yè)Generalizedrelationshipbetweenheartgirthandboarliveweight

公豬心臟大小與活重之間總體相關(guān)關(guān)系Heartgirth,cm心臟大小,cmBodyweight,kg體重,kg114.3136.1127.0181.4139.7226.8152.4272.2March20,27USGrainsCouncilSeminar美國(guó)高品質(zhì)公豬精液生產(chǎn)第27頁(yè)Semencollection,processingandstoring

精液采集、處理和保留March20,28USGrainsCouncilSeminar美國(guó)高品質(zhì)公豬精液生產(chǎn)第28頁(yè)Adoseofsemenshouldhave:

一份精液應(yīng)該有:Spermcellswithgreaterthan70%motility 精子活力（率）大于70%March20,29USGrainsCouncilSeminar美國(guó)高品質(zhì)公豬精液生產(chǎn)第29頁(yè)精子活率生育力指數(shù)March20,30USGrainsCouncilSeminar美國(guó)高品質(zhì)公豬精液生產(chǎn)第30頁(yè)Motilityofspermcellsmaynotbeagoodindicatoroffertilizingabilityofspermcellsstoredforgreaterthan3days!

精子活率可能不是評(píng)定保留超出3天精子受精能力理想指標(biāo)!March20,31USGrainsCouncilSeminar美國(guó)高品質(zhì)公豬精液生產(chǎn)第31頁(yè)Changesinmotility,acrosinactivity,andnumberofspermcellsbindingovaacrosstimeforboarsemen(7-dayextender)精子活率、頂體素活性、精子結(jié)合和穿過(guò)卵子時(shí)間改變情況(7天稀釋粉)NumberofspermperovaMessage:Usesemenwithin72hoursofcollection!所用精液為72小時(shí)內(nèi)采集!精子采集天數(shù)百分率活率頂體率活性精卵結(jié)合率每個(gè)卵子精子數(shù)March20,32USGrainsCouncilSeminar美國(guó)高品質(zhì)公豬精液生產(chǎn)第32頁(yè)Motilityofspermcellswithorwithoutcaffeineaddedtoslide(BTSextender)

有或沒(méi)有咖啡因加入玻片對(duì)精子活率影響(BTS稀釋粉)Donotusecaffeinetoestimatemotilityofspermcells.不要用咖啡因去評(píng)定精子活率.March20,33USGrainsCouncilSeminar美國(guó)高品質(zhì)公豬精液生產(chǎn)第33頁(yè)Adoseofsemenshouldhave:

一份精液應(yīng)該有:Coiledtail卷曲尾巴Proximaldroplet近端原生質(zhì)滴Distaldroplet遠(yuǎn)端原生質(zhì)滴Loosenedacrosome疏松頂體Lessthan15to20%abnormalcells低于15-20%畸形精子Hair-pinshapedtail發(fā)夾形尾巴March20,34USGrainsCouncilSeminar美國(guó)高品質(zhì)公豬精液生產(chǎn)第34頁(yè)Amonitorisusedtomakea“subjective”evaluationastotherateofabnormalspermcellsintheejaculate.監(jiān)視器用于采精后評(píng)定畸形精子比率.March20,35USGrainsCouncilSeminar美國(guó)高品質(zhì)公豬精液生產(chǎn)第35頁(yè)Effectofabnormalcellsonfertilizationrateofova

畸形精子對(duì)卵子受精率影響Abnormalsperm,%畸形精子,%64.522.09.3Fertilizationrateofova,%卵子受精率,%15.084.794.9March20,36USGrainsCouncilSeminar美國(guó)高品質(zhì)公豬精液生產(chǎn)第36頁(yè)Effectofabnormalcellsonfecundityindex

畸形精子對(duì)生育力指數(shù)影響生育力指數(shù)每份中畸形精子比率March20,37USGrainsCouncilSeminar美國(guó)高品質(zhì)公豬精液生產(chǎn)第37頁(yè)Adoseofsemenshouldhave:

一份精液應(yīng)該有:Rod-shapedbacteria桿狀細(xì)菌Round-shapedbacteria圓形細(xì)菌Anaerobicbacteria厭氧細(xì)菌Aerobicbacteria好氧細(xì)菌Lownumberofbacteria少許細(xì)菌細(xì)胞March20,38USGrainsCouncilSeminar美國(guó)高品質(zhì)公豬精液生產(chǎn)第38頁(yè)Monitorthetemperatureinasemencooler!監(jiān)測(cè)精液保留箱溫度!Coolertemperature:16to17C冷藏箱溫度：16-17℃Slowsmotilityofsperm降低精子死亡率Slowsbacterialgrowth減緩細(xì)菌生長(zhǎng)Temperaturedataloggerplacedinsidecooler放置在冷藏箱中溫度統(tǒng)計(jì)儀March20,39USGrainsCouncilSeminar美國(guó)高品質(zhì)公豬精液生產(chǎn)第39頁(yè)Howmanyviablespermcellsshouldadoseofsemencontain?

一頭份精液中應(yīng)含有多少活精子數(shù)?1billion?10億?2billion?20億?3billion?30億?4billion?40億?5billion?50億?March20,40USGrainsCouncilSeminar美國(guó)高品質(zhì)公豬精液生產(chǎn)第40頁(yè)Effectofnumberofspermcellsinseminatedonnumberofpigsbornalive

授精精子細(xì)胞數(shù)目對(duì)母豬產(chǎn)活仔數(shù)影響輸入活精子數(shù)（十億）母豬產(chǎn)活仔數(shù)種公豬12種公豬97種公豬29March20,41USGrainsCouncilSeminar美國(guó)高品質(zhì)公豬精液生產(chǎn)第41頁(yè)Effectofnumberofspermcellsinseminatedonnumberofpigsbornalive

授精精子細(xì)胞數(shù)目對(duì)母豬產(chǎn)活仔數(shù)影響輸入活精子數(shù)（十億）母豬產(chǎn)活仔數(shù)種公豬14種公豬38種公豬78March20,42USGrainsCouncilSeminar美國(guó)高品質(zhì)公豬精液生產(chǎn)第42頁(yè)Recommendation

推薦Ifgeneticidentificationofpigletsisnotimportant,pooledsemenshouldbeused.假如不是純繁,混合精液應(yīng)被采取.March20,43USGrainsCouncilSeminar美國(guó)高品質(zhì)公豬精液生產(chǎn)第43頁(yè)Becarefulwhenplacingmorethan3billionspermcellsinadoseofsemen!

當(dāng)一頭份精液含有30億精子時(shí),應(yīng)非常小心!March20,44USGrainsCouncilSeminar美國(guó)高品質(zhì)公豬精液生產(chǎn)第44頁(yè)Effectofageofsemenandnumberofspermperinseminationdoseonlittersize(BTSextender)

精液保留時(shí)間、每個(gè)輸精劑量含精子數(shù)對(duì)窩產(chǎn)仔數(shù)影響(BTS稀釋粉)Ageofsemen,hrs精液保留時(shí)間3billionsperm30億精子5billionsperm50億精子0&2410.9aX

11.0aX48&7211.0aX

10.6aX96&12010.2bX9.8bYabDifferentwithincolumn,P<.05XYDifferentwithinrow,P<.05同一列中ab不一樣表示差異顯著,同一行中XY不一樣表示差異顯著,P<0.05March20,45USGrainsCouncilSeminar美國(guó)高品質(zhì)公豬精液生產(chǎn)第45頁(yè)Long-termextendersshouldbeusedbecausetheyhaveabetterbufferingsystem;plus,theyslowmotilityofspermcells.

長(zhǎng)期有效稀釋粉應(yīng)該使用,因?yàn)樗鼈冇泻芎镁彌_系統(tǒng),并使精子運(yùn)動(dòng)較遲緩.March20,46USGrainsCouncilSeminar美國(guó)高品質(zhì)公豬精液生產(chǎn)第46頁(yè)Whichtypeofextendershouldaboarstuduse?

公豬站應(yīng)該使用哪一類型稀釋粉?March20,47USGrainsCouncilSeminar美國(guó)高品質(zhì)公豬精液生產(chǎn)第47頁(yè)Basicroleofextenderhasnotchangedsincetheirinception

稀釋粉基本功效沒(méi)有改變Increasetotalvolumeofextendedsemen增加稀釋精液體積Provideadequatesupplyofnutrients提供適當(dāng)營(yíng)養(yǎng)物質(zhì)ProvidebuffertoprotectcellsagainstextremepH提供緩沖環(huán)境保護(hù)精子免受極端pH影響March20,48USGrainsCouncilSeminar美國(guó)高品質(zhì)公豬精液生產(chǎn)第48頁(yè)P(yáng)rovideelectrolytesforproperosmoticpressure提供電解質(zhì),維持滲透壓Protectcellsagainstrapidcooling保持精子免受快速冷凍影響Provideantibioticstocontrolbacteria含抗生素控制細(xì)菌生長(zhǎng)Basicroleofextenderhasnotchangedsincetheirinception

稀釋粉基本功效沒(méi)有改變March20,49USGrainsCouncilSeminar美國(guó)高品質(zhì)公豬精液生產(chǎn)第49頁(yè)Theexactchemicalcompositionofmostoftheextendersmarketedtodayisnotavailabletothepublic.

現(xiàn)在大多數(shù)市場(chǎng)出售稀釋粉準(zhǔn)確化學(xué)成份是不公開.

Proprietary(tradesecret)

全部權(quán)(商業(yè)秘密)March20,50USGrainsCouncilSeminar美國(guó)高品質(zhì)公豬精液生產(chǎn)第50頁(yè)ClassificationofExtenders稀釋液分類Maintainsviabilityofspermcellsfor:維持精子活力時(shí)間:Upto3days3天Upto4days4天Upto5days5天Upto6days6天Upto7days7天Upto10days10天Upto14days14天Usedbycommercialboarstuds商品公豬站使用March20,51USGrainsCouncilSeminar美國(guó)高品質(zhì)公豬精液生產(chǎn)第51頁(yè)Factorstoconsiderwhenpurchasingaboarsemenextender

購(gòu)置公豬精液稀釋粉時(shí)考慮原因Numberofspermcellsperdose每一頭份精子數(shù)量Ageofspermcellsattimeofuse精液保留時(shí)間Controlofbacteriagrowth細(xì)菌生長(zhǎng)控制March20,52USGrainsCouncilSeminar美國(guó)高品質(zhì)公豬精液生產(chǎn)第52頁(yè)Factorstoconsiderwhenpurchasingaboarsemenextender

購(gòu)置公豬精液稀釋粉時(shí)考慮原因Cost成本PRRStestingPRRS檢測(cè)Characteristicsofcompany企業(yè)特點(diǎn)Reliability,HonestyandIntegrity可靠、老實(shí)和正直Manufacturingandhandlingpractices生產(chǎn)和經(jīng)營(yíng)經(jīng)驗(yàn)March20,53USGrainsCouncilSeminar美國(guó)高品質(zhì)公豬精液生產(chǎn)第53頁(yè)Factorstoconsiderwhenpurchasingaboarsemenextender

購(gòu)置公豬精液稀釋粉時(shí)考慮原因Performanceofextender稀釋粉效能Maintainingviabilityofspermcells(becareful)維持精子活率（一定小心）Farrowingrate&littersize分娩率和窩產(chǎn)仔數(shù)Scientificallysounddatatosubstantiateclaims科學(xué)可靠數(shù)據(jù)證實(shí)他們宣稱一樣March20,54USGrainsCouncilSeminar美國(guó)高品質(zhì)公豬精液生產(chǎn)第54頁(yè)Resultsofresearchtrialscanchangeovertime

試驗(yàn)研究結(jié)果可隨時(shí)間而改變Jun–Dec19981998,6-12Jan–Jun19991999,1-6Jan–Jun19981998,1-6xyxxxyxxxAbout1,000matingsforeachextenderduringeachtimeperiod每個(gè)稀釋粉每個(gè)試驗(yàn)期大約配1000頭母豬xywithintimeperiod(P<.05)March20,55USGrainsCouncilSeminar美國(guó)高品質(zhì)公豬精液生產(chǎn)第55頁(yè)Resultsofresearchtrialscanchangeovertime試驗(yàn)研究結(jié)果可隨時(shí)間而改變Jun–Dec1998Jan–Jun1999Jan–Jun1998xxxxxyxxxAbout1,000matingsforeachextenderduringeachtimeperiod每個(gè)稀釋粉每個(gè)試驗(yàn)期大約配1000頭母豬xywithintimeperiod(P<.05)March20,56USGrainsCouncilSeminar美國(guó)高品質(zhì)公豬精液生產(chǎn)第56頁(yè)Allsowsinseminatedshouldreceiveviablesemenateachinsemination!

每頭母豬每次輸精都確保輸入精液活率!Averageageofspermcellswhenmajorityofsowsareinseminated?多數(shù)母豬輸精時(shí)精液保留天數(shù)?Ageofoldestspermcellsattimeofuse?所用精液保留最長(zhǎng)天數(shù)?Shouldtypeofextenderbeselectedon:選擇稀釋粉依據(jù):March20,57USGrainsCouncilSeminar美國(guó)高品質(zhì)公豬精液生產(chǎn)第57頁(yè)Someboar’ssemensurvivesbetterwithExtenderXwhereassemenfromotherboarssurvivesbetterwithExtenderY.

一些公豬精液以X稀釋液稀釋后效果好,而另一些公豬精液以Y稀釋液稀釋后效果好.March20,58USGrainsCouncilSeminar美國(guó)高品質(zhì)公豬精液生產(chǎn)第58頁(yè)Androhepwasthe“best”forBoar43214.Androhep對(duì)43214公豬最“好”Best最好March20,59USGrainsCouncilSeminar美國(guó)高品質(zhì)公豬精液生產(chǎn)第59頁(yè)Androhepwasthe“worst”forBoar71236.Androhep對(duì)71236公豬是最“差”Worst最差March20,60USGrainsCouncilSeminar美國(guó)高品質(zhì)公豬精液生產(chǎn)第60頁(yè)Recommendations

推薦Theboarstudshouldkeepasampleofeachbatchofsemenuntilthe“expiration”dateonthedoseshaspassed.公豬站應(yīng)保留每一批精液樣品，直至這批精液過(guò)期為止。Spermmotilityofstoredsemensamplesshouldberandomlymonitoreddailyuntiltheexpirationdateonthesamplehaspassed.保留精液活率應(yīng)天天隨時(shí)監(jiān)測(cè)，直至這批精液過(guò)期為止March20,61USGrainsCouncilSeminar美國(guó)高品質(zhì)公豬精液生產(chǎn)第61頁(yè)Recommendations

推薦Ifviabilityofspermcellsisnotadequateacrosstime,adifferenttypeofsemenextendershouldbetried.假如保留后精子活率不理想，不一樣類型稀釋粉應(yīng)試試。March20,62USGrainsCouncilSeminar美國(guó)高品質(zhì)公豬精液生產(chǎn)第62頁(yè)Ifitisnotbroke,whyfixit?

假如沒(méi)有壞話，為何去維修它？Ifyouandyourcustomersaresatisfiedwiththeperformanceofyourcurrentextender,isthereanyvalidreasonwhyyouwouldwanttochangeextenders?假如你或者你客戶對(duì)你當(dāng)前所用稀釋粉滿意話，還有任何充分理由更換稀釋粉嗎？March20,63USGrainsCouncilSeminar美國(guó)高品質(zhì)公豬精液生產(chǎn)第63頁(yè)Designingacommercialboarstud

設(shè)計(jì)一個(gè)商品公豬站March20,64USGrainsCouncilSeminar美國(guó)高品質(zhì)公豬精液生產(chǎn)第64頁(yè)A60-dayisolationperiodisnormallyused.Whileinisolation,eachanimalisbled3timestomakesuretheypassstricthealthprotocol.60天隔離期通常是需要。在隔離期間，每頭公豬要求抽3次血以確保它們經(jīng)過(guò)嚴(yán)格健康檢驗(yàn)。Incomingboarisolationfacility引進(jìn)公豬隔離舍Boarsaretrainedtomountdummysow.公豬調(diào)教爬跨臺(tái)豬SleezerFertilityCenter,Aurelia,IowaMarch20,65USGrainsCouncilSeminar美國(guó)高品質(zhì)公豬精液生產(chǎn)第65頁(yè)Buildingdesignandmanagementproceduresinfluence:

豬舍設(shè)計(jì)及管理影響

Sexualbehaviorofboars 種公豬性行為Efficiencyofmovingboars 驅(qū)趕種公豬效率Efficiencyofcollectingsemen 搜集精液效率Productionandoutputofsemen 精液生產(chǎn)和輸出Safetyofworkers 工作人員安全March20,66USGrainsCouncilSeminar美國(guó)高品質(zhì)公豬精液生產(chǎn)第66頁(yè)Collections/person/hourisdependentondurationof:搜集/人力/時(shí)間依賴于：Timetomoveboarstowarm-uparea 將種公豬驅(qū)趕到預(yù)熱（準(zhǔn)備）區(qū)時(shí)間Timeboarsareinwarm-uparea 種公豬在預(yù)熱（準(zhǔn)備）區(qū)時(shí)間Timetomoveboarsfromwarm-upareatocollectionpen 將種公豬從預(yù)熱（準(zhǔn)備）區(qū)移動(dòng)到采精欄時(shí)間March20,67USGrainsCouncilSeminar美國(guó)高品質(zhì)公豬精液生產(chǎn)第67頁(yè)Timeboarsareincollectionpenuntiltheyremainmountedandbeginejaculation 種公豬待在采精欄直到它們保持爬跨并開始射精時(shí)間Timeforejaculation 射精時(shí)間Timeuntilboarsexitcollectionpen 種公豬離開采精欄時(shí)間Timetomoveboarsbacktostallorpen 將種公豬趕回喂養(yǎng)欄時(shí)間Collections/person/hourisdependentondurationof:搜集/人力/時(shí)間依賴于March20,68USGrainsCouncilSeminar美國(guó)高品質(zhì)公豬精液生產(chǎn)第68頁(yè)TraditionalCollectionPenDesign

傳統(tǒng)采精欄設(shè)計(jì)March20,69USGrainsCouncilSeminar美國(guó)高品質(zhì)公豬精液生產(chǎn)第69頁(yè)種公豬準(zhǔn)備欄或廄61cm伸縮門技工區(qū)試驗(yàn)室，材料和運(yùn)輸區(qū)。實(shí)體推拉門,114cm114cm228cm柱子高度,81cm種公豬種公豬種公豬種公豬種公豬種公豬種公豬假豬過(guò)道Reicks種公豬喂養(yǎng)場(chǎng)平面圖March20,70USGrainsCouncilSeminar美國(guó)高品質(zhì)公豬精液生產(chǎn)第70頁(yè)BoarFlow–toWarmupStall

種公豬移動(dòng)過(guò)程?去預(yù)熱（準(zhǔn)備）欄March20,71USGrainsCouncilSeminar美國(guó)高品質(zhì)公豬精液生產(chǎn)第71頁(yè)BoarFlow–EnteringWarm-upStall

種公豬移動(dòng)過(guò)程?進(jìn)入預(yù)熱（準(zhǔn)備）欄March20,72USGrainsCouncilSeminar美國(guó)高品質(zhì)公豬精液生產(chǎn)第72頁(yè)BoarFlow–inWarm-upStall

種公豬移動(dòng)過(guò)程?在預(yù)熱（準(zhǔn)備）欄中Boarsurinateanddefecateinwarm-upstall種公豬在預(yù)熱（準(zhǔn)備）欄中排糞排尿March20,73USGrainsCouncilSeminar美國(guó)高品質(zhì)公豬精液生產(chǎn)第73頁(yè)BoarFlow–ExitingWarm-upstall

種公豬移動(dòng)過(guò)程?離開預(yù)熱（準(zhǔn)備）欄March20,74USGrainsCouncilSeminar美國(guó)高品質(zhì)公豬精液生產(chǎn)第74頁(yè)BoarFlow–EnteringReicksCollectionPen

種公豬移動(dòng)過(guò)程?進(jìn)入Reicks采精欄March20,75USGrainsCouncilSeminar美國(guó)高品質(zhì)公豬精液生產(chǎn)第75頁(yè)BoarFlow–CollectionofSemen

種公豬移動(dòng)過(guò)程?搜集精液March20,76USGrainsCouncilSeminar美國(guó)高品質(zhì)公豬精液生產(chǎn)第76頁(yè)BoarFlow–LeavingCollectionPen

種公豬移動(dòng)過(guò)程?離開搜集欄March20,77USGrainsCouncilSeminar美國(guó)高品質(zhì)公豬精液生產(chǎn)第77頁(yè)BoarFlow–ReturningtoStall

種公豬移動(dòng)過(guò)程?回到喂養(yǎng)欄March20,78USGrainsCouncilSeminar美國(guó)高品質(zhì)公豬精液生產(chǎn)第78頁(yè)Reargateisopenedfromfrontalleywithapush-rod后門能夠從前面過(guò)道用一個(gè)推桿打開Hingeononeside安裝在一側(cè)鉸鏈March20,79USGrainsCouncilSeminar美國(guó)高品質(zhì)公豬精液生產(chǎn)第79頁(yè)Fulllengthviewofpushrod推桿全圖Pushrod推桿March20,80USGrainsCouncilSeminar美國(guó)高品質(zhì)公豬精液生產(chǎn)第80頁(yè)AroundpipeisweldedtobottomofU-shapedsteelslideandfunctionsaslatch一個(gè)圓形管子被焊接到U形鋼滑片底部，其功效類似門閂Makesuregatelatchisdesignedsoitcannotbeopenedbyaboar!門閂經(jīng)過(guò)仔細(xì)設(shè)計(jì)，確保門不會(huì)被種豬拱開Roundpipe圓管March20,81USGrainsCouncilSeminar美國(guó)高品質(zhì)公豬精液生產(chǎn)第81頁(yè)P(yáng)ushrodisliftedoutofU-shapedslide推桿能夠抬高并離開U形滑片Pushrod推桿Solidrod實(shí)體桿U-shapedslideU形滑片March20,82USGrainsCouncilSeminar美國(guó)高品質(zhì)公豬精液生產(chǎn)第82頁(yè)P(yáng)ushrodhasopenedreargate;thus,handleofrodisnexttoUclamp(seeredarrow)推桿已經(jīng)打開了后門；所以，推桿把手正在U形夾旁邊（請(qǐng)看紅色箭頭）March20,83USGrainsCouncilSeminar美國(guó)高品質(zhì)公豬精液生產(chǎn)第83頁(yè)Reargatehasbeenopenedfromfrontalley.后門已經(jīng)被人從前面過(guò)道打開了March20,84USGrainsCouncilSeminar美國(guó)高品質(zhì)公豬精液生產(chǎn)第84頁(yè)Floor地板3.25“Feedingcylinder飼料筒6.75"6.75"6.75"6.75"6.75"6.75"4.75"4"4.75"4.75"4.75"4.75"4.75"4.75"4.75"Stainlesssteelleg不銹鋼支撐腿Stainlesssteelplate不銹鋼盤Designedby:D.G.Levis設(shè)計(jì)者：李維斯April11,1996四月11日，19968".5".75"1"96"44"SideView側(cè)面圖Sidepartitionofaboarstall一個(gè)種豬喂養(yǎng)欄側(cè)隔欄March20,85USGrainsCouncilSeminar美國(guó)高品質(zhì)公豬精液生產(chǎn)第85頁(yè)Warmingcabinetforcollectionequipment放置搜集設(shè)備加熱（保溫）箱March20,86USGrainsCouncilSeminar美國(guó)高品質(zhì)公豬精液生產(chǎn)第86頁(yè)Semencollectiondevice

精液搜集裝置Plasticsurroundscup塑料圍繞杯子Filterisattachedtocollectionbag過(guò)濾器連在搜集袋中March20,87USGrainsCouncilSeminar美國(guó)高品質(zhì)公豬精液生產(chǎn)第87頁(yè)Collectsemeninahighlysanitarymanner.采精要求較高清潔衛(wèi)生標(biāo)準(zhǔn)Vinylgloves,non-powdered聚乙烯手套，沒(méi)有滑石粉March20,88USGrainsCouncilSeminar美國(guó)高品質(zhì)公豬精液生產(chǎn)第88頁(yè)SemenProcessingLaboratory

精液處理試驗(yàn)室Maintainahighstandardofhygiene 保持高衛(wèi)生標(biāo)準(zhǔn)Laboratoryseparatefromboarhousingarea 試驗(yàn)室與種公豬喂養(yǎng)區(qū)分開Semenhandcarriedtolaboratory 精液被人工送至試驗(yàn)室Pneumaticsystemdeliverssementolaboratory 使用壓縮空氣推進(jìn)傳送系統(tǒng)將精液送至試驗(yàn)室March20,89USGrainsCouncilSeminar美國(guó)高品質(zhì)公豬精液生產(chǎn)第89頁(yè)Boarhousing/collectionfacility公豬喂養(yǎng)和采精設(shè)施Semenprocessingfacility精液處理設(shè)施Semenisdeliveredfromthestudtothelaboratorythroughtheuseofanundergroundpneumatictube.精液從公豬站輸送到試驗(yàn)室是經(jīng)過(guò)地下氣動(dòng)導(dǎo)管。SleezerFertilityCenter,Aurelia,IowaMarch20,90USGrainsCouncilSeminar美國(guó)高品質(zhì)公豬精液生產(chǎn)第90頁(yè)SemenProcessingLaboratory

精液處理試驗(yàn)室Laboratoryconnectedtoboarhousingarea 試驗(yàn)室與種公豬喂養(yǎng)區(qū)相連Pass-throughheatedcabinetbetweenthelaboratoryandboararea 在試驗(yàn)室和種公豬喂養(yǎng)區(qū)之間有可加熱傳遞箱Pass-throughcabinethasslidingwindowsordoorsoneachside;onlyonesideisopenatsametime 在傳遞箱每一側(cè)都有滑動(dòng)窗戶或門；在同一時(shí)間只有一側(cè)打開March20,91USGrainsCouncilSeminar美國(guó)高品質(zhì)公豬精液生產(chǎn)第91頁(yè)SemenProcessingLaboratory

精液處理試驗(yàn)室Physicalstructure物理結(jié)構(gòu)Washablefloor 可沖洗地板Wipe-cleanwalls 可擦洗墻壁Floor-mountedcupboards 落地柜Wall-mountedcupboards 墻壁柜March20,92USGrainsCouncilSeminar美國(guó)高品質(zhì)公豬精液生產(chǎn)第92頁(yè)SemenProcessingLaboratory

精液處理試驗(yàn)室Physicalstructure物理結(jié)構(gòu)Washableworksurface 可沖洗工作表面Doublesink 兩個(gè)洗滌槽Sourceofhotandcoldwater 冷熱水源Electricalpowersupplyoneachwall 在每一面墻上都有電源插座March20,93USGrainsCouncilSeminar美國(guó)高品質(zhì)公豬精液生產(chǎn)第93頁(yè)SemenProcessingLaboratory

精液處理試驗(yàn)室Laborefficiency工作效率Providealogicalflowofworkandminimizedistancebetweenworkstations 提供合理工作程序，降低工作點(diǎn)之間距離Station1:Semenentry(determinevolume&spermconcentration) 步驟1：精液登記（測(cè)量體積和精子濃度）Station2:Semenevaluation(morphologyevaluation) 步驟2：精液評(píng)價(jià)（形態(tài)學(xué)評(píng)價(jià)）March20,94USGrainsCouncilSeminar美國(guó)高品質(zhì)公豬精液生產(chǎn)第94頁(yè)SemenProcessingLaboratory

精液處理試驗(yàn)室Station3:Semenextension 步驟3：精液稀釋Station4:Semendispensingandlabeling 步驟4：精液分裝和標(biāo)識(shí)Station5:Stock-pilingsemenincooler 步驟5：將精