名詞和數(shù)量詞

名詞和數(shù)量詞一、名詞★名詞的定義：名詞是指人或事物的名稱，例如：人的姓名與稱呼，物品的名稱，地點，時間，品行或行為以及抽象概念，等等?！锩~的分類：分為普通名詞和專有名詞其中普通名詞包扌舌可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞，可數(shù)名詞可用作單數(shù)，也可用作復(fù)數(shù)。1） 可數(shù)名詞包括個體名詞（表示一類人或物的個體。如：boy,desk,cat,window和集體名詞（由若干個體組成的集合體。如：family，class，police）。2） 不可數(shù)名詞包括物質(zhì)名詞（表示無法分為個體的實物。如：water，paper，silk，money）和抽象名詞（表示性質(zhì)、行為、狀態(tài)、感情或其它抽象概念。如：work,happiness,music,difficulty）專有名詞表示個人、地方、機構(gòu)、組織等。如:Tom,theGreatWall，theSpringFestival，F(xiàn)rance，theUnitedStates）（一）名詞的數(shù)名詞分為可數(shù)與不可數(shù)名詞。不可數(shù)名詞（1） 不可數(shù)名詞包括專有名詞、物質(zhì)名詞和抽象名詞。如：health,advice,information,glass,wood,English,China.（2） 表示學科名稱的以-ics結(jié)尾的名詞常用作單數(shù)，如：politics,physics.（3） 表示以-s結(jié)尾指單一事物的專有名詞用作單數(shù)，如:theUnitedStates,theUnitedNations.注意:1）不可數(shù)名詞前無數(shù)、冠，后無復(fù)數(shù)；作主語為三單.2）不可數(shù)名詞表量用約數(shù)some/any;much;alotof或用of短語修飾。可數(shù)名詞可數(shù)名詞包括個體名詞，有單復(fù)數(shù)形式。（1）規(guī)則名詞復(fù)數(shù)構(gòu)成的方法：①以-s,-x,-ch,-sh結(jié)尾的名詞后加-es.如：dressdresses,watch—watches,box—boxes.但stomach—stomachs除外。以“輔音字母+-o”結(jié)尾的名詞后加-es。如：mosquito—mosquitoes,hero—heroes,但一些特殊的以-o結(jié)尾的名詞后加-s。如：radio—radios,photo—photos,piano—pianos.有些以-o結(jié)尾的名詞有兩種復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：zero—zeros（zeroes）,volcano—volcanos（volcanoes）但以-oo結(jié)尾的名詞只加-s。如：bamboo—bamboos,zoo—zoos以-f或-fe結(jié)尾的名詞，一般把“f”或“-fe”改成“v”再加-es,讀作/vz/。如：leaf—leaves,life—lives但是roof—roofs,chies—chiefs,gulf—gulfs,serf—serfs,belief—beliefs,proof--proofs除外。以-th結(jié)尾的名詞,直接在詞尾加-s。如：mouth—mouths,path—paths,youth—youths（2）不規(guī)則變化（特殊變化）：1） 單復(fù)數(shù)形式相同的名詞。如：asheep一twosheepadeer—twodeer2） means,fish,works,以及由漢語英譯表示度量衡、幣制等單位的名詞,它們用作主語，其謂語動詞用單數(shù)。如：yuan（元）,jiao（角），fen（分）jin（斤），mu（畝）3） 只有復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：trousers,glasses（眼鏡），compasses,thanks,clothes,remains（遺物、遺體），ashes,contents（內(nèi)容），goods（貨物）。4） 表示“某國人“的名詞的單、復(fù)數(shù)形式因習慣不同而各異。單、復(fù)數(shù)形式相同，如：aChinese—twoChinese,aJapan—twoJapaneseo還包括以-ese（或-ss）結(jié)尾的表示某國人的詞，如：Swiss,Portuguese等。詞尾加-s,如：aGerman-threeGermans,anAmerican-twoAmericans。這類詞還有Frenchman,Irishman等。5） 復(fù)合名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式因詞而異。如：A．主題名詞變成復(fù)數(shù)形式looker（s）-on,sister（s）-in-lawB.兩個組成部分皆變成復(fù)數(shù)形式Manservent-menservents womandoctorwomendoctors6）單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)意思不同sight（視力）一sights（名勝）；water（水）一waters（水域）；custom（習慣）一customs（海關(guān)）；spirit（精神）一spirits（情緒）;7） 有些名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式表示特別意義。如：Papaers報紙，文件manners禮貌goods貨物works工廠，著作looks外表glasses眼鏡greens青菜 hairs幾根頭發(fā)times時代sands沙灘，沙地irons腳鐐，手銬drinksforces軍隊spirits酒精，情緒8） 一些物質(zhì)名詞有時以復(fù)數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)，表示不同類別。如：vegetables各種蔬菜，silks各種絲綢,fruits各種水果9） 有些名詞形式上是單數(shù)但具有復(fù)數(shù)的意義，謂語動詞要用復(fù)數(shù)：police,people,public,cattle,staff,the+adj.,the+分詞;（表示一類人）等.10） “word”作“消息”或“通知”解時，前面不加“a”或“the”，也不用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：WordcamethatthemeetingwillbeheldonFriday.通知說，星期五開會。Pleasesendmewordofyourarrival.你來的時候請告訴我。注意下列詞組中名詞的單、復(fù)數(shù)：keep/breakone'sword守（失）信leaveword留言amanofhisword有信用的人inaword簡言之wordfor/byword逐字地uponmyword說實在的話eatone'sword收回前言，認錯inotherwords換句話說thelastwords臨終的話wasteone'swords白費口舌havefewwords/awordwith與某人說句話（二）名詞的用法集合名詞的單、復(fù)數(shù)用法（1）集合名詞指整個集合體，則視為單數(shù)，動詞用單數(shù)形式。（2）集合名詞指集合體中的個體，則視為復(fù)數(shù)，動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：Theclassistohaveitspicturetakenthisafternoon.（theclass指整體）今天下午全班照相。Thisclassarehvinglunchnow.（thisclass=thestudentsofthisclass）這個班級的同學在吃午飯。名詞用作形容詞有些名詞沒有相同意義的形容詞形式，因此常直接以該名詞作形容詞，用來修飾另一個名詞。有些直接用名詞來修飾名詞金戒指goldring;物理實驗室physicslab;咖啡杯coffeecup;油壺oilpot;蘋果籽appleseeds；名詞數(shù)量表達1）可用來修飾可數(shù)名詞的數(shù)量表達：some,afew,several,agroupof,alotof,lotsof,many,alargenumberof,thousandsof,twohundred/thousand,apairof,agreatmany等。可用來修飾不可數(shù)名詞的數(shù)量表達：some,alittle,alotof,lotsof,much,hugeamountsof,ahugeamountof,abottleof,plentyof,agreatdealof等。eg.Heisoneofthebestchemistryteachersintheschool.他是學校里最好的化學老師之一。（三） 名詞的所有格表示有生命的東西的名詞這類名詞的所有格一般在詞后加“'S”，其構(gòu)成形式如下：（1） 一般名詞后加“'s”。如：mybrother'sbag（2） 以-s或-es結(jié)尾的名詞的所有格，只在名詞的右上方加“'”。如：theworkers'club（3） 以-s結(jié)尾的專有名詞的所有格，一般可在名詞的右上方加“'”，也可以加“'”。如：Dickens'/Dickens'sbooks.（4） 復(fù)合名詞所有格的詞尾“'”加在后面的名詞之后。如：hisdaughter-in-law'spicture（5） 如果一樣東西為兩個人共有，則只在后面的名詞后加“'s”；如果不是共有，兩個名詞后都要加“，s”。如：JaneandMary'sroom（共有）Jane'sandTom'sbooks（不共有）或Jane'sbooksandTom'sbooks（6） 在表示“某人家”、“店鋪”的名詞所有格后面，一般省略它所修飾的詞。如：atMr.Green's在格林先生家tomyuncle's到我叔叔家atthetailor's在裁縫店（7） 用作修飾作用的名詞，如不表示所有關(guān)系，通常不用“'s”。如：roomnumber,atoothbrush,coffeecup；若僅表示一種類別或類型時，名詞往往用單數(shù)形式。四；考點體悟命題考點1物質(zhì)名詞和抽象名詞具體化Hegainedhis byprinting offamouswriter.（NMET1995）A.wealth;workB.wealth;works C..wealths;worksD.wealth;works解析：本題主要考查了可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞的用法。wealth財富，是不可數(shù)名詞；work“工作”時是不可數(shù)名詞，但表示“著作”時則是可數(shù)名詞。本句意思是：他通過印刷著名作家的著作而獲得了財富。答案為D。命題考點2名詞作定語The isjustaroundthecornerandyouwon'tmissit.（上海2001）A.bicycle'sshopB.bicycleshopC.bicyclesshopD.bicycle'sshops解析：本題考查名詞修飾名詞。答案為B?？键c完全解讀：名詞作定語是高考重點，也是語用焦點。其表達方法有：（1） 表示時間：eveningpaper（2）表示地點： schoollife;railwaystation;collegestudents（3） 表示材料或物資來源：stonebridge;furhat（4） 表示目的和用途：shoestore;bookshop;toothbrush（5） 表示職業(yè)、身份和性別等：girlfriend;penname;busdrivers;manteachers;（6） 其他類別：stampcollection;animallife;bodytemperature;telephonenumberYou'llfindthismapofgreat inhelpingyoutogetroundLondon.（NMET1998）A.price B.cost C.value D.usefulness解析：本題考查特定語境中名詞的詞義及“beof+抽象名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)。Price（價格），cost（價錢，費用，成本）不符合題意，value作“qualityofbeingusefulordesirable，解時，常與of搭配，在句中作表語或補語，意為'有用，有價值”。故選擇value。注意名詞詞義辨異及慣用法表達，題中“of+抽象名詞”相當于該名詞的形容詞形式。答案為C。命題考點3特殊名詞作主語與謂語的關(guān)系；主謂一致的各種形式理解1．Everypossiblemeans topreventairpollution,buttheskyisstillnotclear.A.isusedB.areusedC.hasbeenusedD.havebeenused解析：means單復(fù)數(shù)同形的名詞，意思是“方法”，此處由Every斷定此處表示單數(shù)，謂語動詞應(yīng)該用單數(shù)；再依據(jù)后半句提示謂語時態(tài)應(yīng)該為現(xiàn)在完成時。答案為【C】2．（2004北京卷28）Theteacher,with6girlsand8boysofherclass, visitingamuseumwhentheearthquakestruck.A.wasB.wereC.hadbeenD.wouldbe解析：名詞、代詞與介詞短語連用作主語時，謂語動詞形式由前面的名詞、代詞決定。答案【A】【注意】集合名詞；單復(fù)數(shù)同形的名詞；復(fù)數(shù)形式單數(shù)概念名詞；所有格后省略的名詞；度量衡名詞；成雙成套的名詞（apairof...+V.single）；every/no/each修飾的名詞；morethenone.../manya...構(gòu)成復(fù)數(shù)意義，謂語要用單數(shù)［morethan+n.（pl.）+one+V.（pl?）］;oneortwo+n.（pl.）+V單數(shù)；。形容詞/分詞作主語時，復(fù)數(shù)集合/一家/夫妻，謂語用復(fù)數(shù)，但表示抽象概念/一個人時，謂語動詞一般用單數(shù)；主語是句子、短語時，謂語動詞一般用單數(shù)；強調(diào)句It+be+...that/who中be總是單數(shù)形式,that/who后的謂語必須跟被強調(diào)部分一致；定語從句中的謂語動詞形式必須與先行詞的單、復(fù)數(shù)形式保持一致（”oneof+名詞復(fù)數(shù)+定從”謂語動詞復(fù)數(shù)形式，但當one前有theonly/very或形容詞最高級修飾時，謂語動詞一般用第三人稱單數(shù)形式）;therebe結(jié)構(gòu)中be動詞的形式由緊跟be后面的名詞形式?jīng)Q定;在某些虛擬語氣的句子中，無論主語是什么，be動詞習慣上總是were形式。命題考點4與動詞或介詞構(gòu)成的固定搭配［例］Itissaidthatdogswillkeepyou foraslongasyouwantwhenyouarefeelinglonely.（2006江西高考）A.safety B.company C.house D.friend的keepsbcompany就是一個典型的固定搭配式，意為“與……為伴”。命題考點5名詞搭配的語境限定［例］Youhavebeensittingonmyhatandnowitisbadlyoutof .(2006廣東高考)A.dateB.shapeC.orderD.balance［析］outofdate意為“過期，不時髦”;outofshape意思是“不成形的”;outoforder就是indisorder,意為“亂七八糟的”。搭配并無問題，而意義決定了B是正確答案。命題考點6名詞的同、近義詞辨析［例］I'msureDavidwillbeabletofindthelibrary—hehasaprettygood ofdirection.(2005浙江高考)A.ideaB.feelingC.experienceD.sense［析］名詞的同、近義詞辨析，不僅僅較多地應(yīng)用于書面表達，而且還可以較為靈活地設(shè)題于單項填空、完形填空或短文改錯題中。本題的四個近義詞選項中，sense的“意識”性更強，因而答案選D。常易設(shè)題的同、近義名詞有如下各組：(1)cause,reason,excuse,explanation;family,home,house,room,space;sign,signal,mark,example,symbol;award,reward,prize,money;value,price,cost,charge;kind,sort,type,variety;range,reach,distance,length;news,word,message,information,notice;energy,force,strength,power;accident,incident,affair,event,business,matter;practice,training,exercise,drill;sight,view,scenery;ache,pain,injury,damage,wound;means,way,method,approach,skill,experience;travel,trip,journey,voyage;idea,sense,feeling,opinion,thought,thinking;job,work,duty,task;pause,stop,rest,break;fact,deed,reality,practice;match,race,contest,competition五：基礎(chǔ)練習A1．Wherehaveyoubeen,Tim?I'vebeento .A.theHenryhouseB.theHenryfamilyC.TheHenry'shomeD.Henry's(D)2．InEngland,if isinthemiddleoftheday,theeveningmealiscalledsupper.A.foodB.lunchC.breakfastD.dinner3．Youlookedforittwice,butyouhaven'tfoundit.Whynottry .A.threetimesB.athirdtimeC.thethirdtimeD.once(B)Iopenedtheletteranditcontained A..animportantinformation B.importantinformationC.theimportantinformation D.aimportantinformation(B)TOC\o"1-5"\h\zAllofthepeopleatthemeetingare .A.mathematicteachers B.mathematicsteachersC.mathematicsteacher D.mathematic'teachers(B)TheUnitedStates inNorthAmerican, ?A.are;aren'tthey B.is;isn'tit C.was;wasn'tit D.were;weren'tthey(B)Ayoungmancann'thave .A.experienceofworld B.experienceoftheworldC.theexperienceoftheworld D.theexperienceofworld(C)Wewon'thave tonight.A.manyhomeworksB.muchhomeworksC.manyhomeworkD.muchhomework(D)Juliewenttothe tobuyapairofshoes.A.shoesstoreB.shoestoreC.shoe'sstoreD.shoes'store(B)Youcanfindthebreadonthe A.counterofthekitchen B.kitchencounterC.kitchen'scounter D.counterofthekitchen's(B) isthelargestofthecontinentsoftheworld.A.AsiaB.AnAsiaC.AAsiaD.TheAsia(A)Nohumanbeingcanchangethelawof .A.thenature B.anature C.annature D.nature(D)Ilookforwardto yournewapartmentsometimenextweek.A.visit B.payingavisit C.avisit D.visitingto(B)Maryhas friendsherethatsometimesshefeelslonely.A.suchfew B.soafew C.veryfewD.sofew(B)Thereareseveralsingersonthestage,but areknowntome.A.nooneB.nobodyC.noneD.all(C)Inanotherepisodethewomanshewasonadatewith whenhecalledherbyanothercontestant'sname.A.burstintotear B.burstintotearsC.burstintocrying D.burstouttearsIfbooksforchildrenarenotwritteninaclear,easyandlovely ,theywillnotliketoreadthebooksstyleB.designC.shapeD.patten(A)AnimportantpartofthenationalgovernmentistheForeignService,abranchoftheDepartmentofState.A.adevisionB.anoffice C.anorganizationD.arole(A)Soilsarerenewableresourcesthatsupportallmankind.A.gentlemenB.humans C.structures D.culture(B)Aliceisnotfondof ,but,toloseweight,shetakesalotof byridingabiketoandfromwork.A.exercise…sportB.sport…exerciseC.sport…practiseD.exercise…practice.Hecannotdriveyet,buthewants .A.theowncar B.thecarofhisownC.anowncarD.acarofhisown(D)___ awonderfulsenseofhumour.A.TheEnglishhaveB.TheEnglishhasC.EnglishhaveD.Englishhas(A) peoepleintheworldaresendinginformationbyE-maileveryday.A.SeveralmillionB.ManymillionsC.SeveralmillionsD.Manymillion(A)Only10percentofthestudentsintheclass Leaguemembers.About40%ofJim'sincome totherent.A.are;goes B.are;go C.is;goes D.is;go(A)Onesixofourclassmates frompeasantfamilies.Onefifthofhertime developedtowriting.A.comes;is B.come;are C.come;is D.comes;are(C)B層Althoughthelong-term___ can'tbepredicated,theprojecthasbeenapprovedbythecommittee.A.affect B.effect C.effort D.afford(B)Intheadvancedcoursestudentsmusttakeperformancetestatmonthly .A.distance B.gaps C.length D.intervals(D)Everyonesaysthatheisthevery ofhisfather.A.person B.figure C.image D.likelihood(C) hewasonlyinterestedinmakingmoney.A.Ashewasastudent B.AstudentashewasC.Asstudenthewas D.Studentthoughhewas(D)Hispoliticsareratherconservativecomparedwithother .A.politicansB.politican'sC.politicans'D.politicianNowadaysadvertisingcostsarenolongerinreasonable tothetotalcostoftheproduct.A．relation B.connectionC.proportionD.reference(C)IfyouwanttogotoChicagointimetogototheopeningceremony,youhaveno buttogobyplane.substituteB.preferenceC.selectionD.alternative(D)Alltheteachersaswellasthestudentsatthe school Proudoftheirschool.A.medicines...areB.medicalareC.medicine's...areD.medical...is(B)Onewaytoavoidtoomuchexposuretosunlightistoalwaysseek whenyouwalk.A.shadeB.shadowC.darknessD.shallow(A)Afterfailingtopassthetestforthreetimes,Georgefinallysucceededonhisfourth .A.attemptB.displayC.competitionD.trial(A)Theprojecthaditsworkcutoutforitwasfullyrestoringthetempletoits state.A.formerB.firstC.originalD.old(C) explanationshavebeenofferedforitsorigin,butnobodyknowsthetruestoryforcertain.A.AnumberofB.ThenumberofC.AlargeamountofD,.Agreatdealof(A)Violentprogramsontelevisionmayhaveabad onchildren.A.affectionB.pressureC.influenceD.control(C)Punishmenthadverylittle onhim.A.affectB.influenceC.effectD.cause(C) toyou YaleUniversity!A.Congratulations.onentering B.Congratulations.forenteringC.Congratulation.inentering D.Congratulation.toenter(A) ismissedinthesentence.A.AwordortwoB.OneortwowordsC.OneandtwowordsD.Manywords(A)Everymeans beentriedsincethen.A.hasB.haveC.areD.is(A)Hisfamily allverywell.Hisfamily a“fivegood”one.A.are;isB.is;isC.are;areD.is;are.(A)Mybluetrousers allwornout.Onepairoftrousers notenough.A.is;areB.are;areC.is;isD.are;is(D)Thepoliceman standingatthestreetcorner.Thepolice searchingforhim.A.are;isB.are;areC.is;areD.is;is

Thenewsatsixo'clock nottrue.Thosepiecesofnews tobebroadcast.are;isB.are;areC.is;areD.is;is(C)workers.22.Thepopulationoftheearth increasingfast.Onethirdofthepopulationhere workers.A.is;areB.is;is C.are;A.is;areB.is;is C.are;is(A)23.Oneandahalfbanana onthetable.A.areleftB.isleftC.haveleft(B)24.Politics oneofthesubjectsthatIstudy.A.areB.isC.wereD.are;areD.hasleftD.was(B)25.There pricelessjewelleryondisplayattheexhibitionhall.areB.haveC.isD.has(C)Theyoungmanmadea tohisparentsthathewouldtrytoearnhisownlivingaftergraduation.(2008湖北卷)A.predictionB.promise C.plan D.contribution(B)27Thetopleadersofthetwocountriesareholdingtalksinafriendly (2008湖北卷)A.atmosphereB.state C.situation D.phenomenon(A)28Tosavesomeofthehumanlanguagesbeforetheyareforgotten,thestudentsinourschoolstartedadiscussion“SaveOur ”(2008安徽卷)A.Sky B.Life C.Arts D.Voices(D)29Everytonofthisrecycledpaperuses90litresofwaterinits .(2008上海春招)A.structureB.manufacture C.constructionD.organization(B)verypossiblemeans beentried，andwefindonly thismeanscanwedoitwell．A．have，inB．have，byC．has，inD．has，by(D)mis person,andeveryoneiswillingtobe withhim.A.sokinda,friendsB.soakind,friendsC.sokinda,friendD.soakind,friend(A)MayItakeyourordernow?”“We'dlikethreeblack andtwogreen .”A.coffee,cupsofteas B.coffees,teasC.cupsofcoffee,teaD.cupofcoffees,teas(B) isagoodformofexerciseforbothyoungandold.A.Walk B.Walking C.Thewalk D.Towalk(B)Itisreportedthatagreatnumberof diedinthedrought．A．cattleB．policesC．peoplesD．poultry(A)35.Itisreportedthatthefirehascaused tothefactory.D.muchdamageA.adamageB.manydamagesC.muchdamageD.muchdamage36.Helikesfurnitureusedinhishometown,which madeof .A.is...wood B.are...wood C.is...wooden D.are...woods(A)37.Itisgood tothankthepersonwhohasdoneyouafavour.attitudesB.attitudeC.mannersD.manner(D)38.. camethattheenemytroopshadgottothefootofthemountain.A.WordB.WordsC.ThewordsD.Aword(A)Theystored foodandwaterinthecavetopreparefortheworst.A.largequantitiesofB.agreatmanyC.aplentyofD.quitealot(A)TanksheavenIhavefinished atlast.A.adayworkB.aday'sworkC.one—dayworkD.aworkoftheday(B)TOC\o"1-5"\h\zDuringthespring ,manyyoungplantsbecameburiedin .A.wind.sandsB.winds.sandsC.winds.sandD.wind.thatsands(C)Withaninitialinvestmentofonlytenthousanddollars,hehasincreasedhismoney .A.bytwothousandmoreB.bytwothousandC.attwothousandmoreD.withtwothousand(B)Therecently—builtlabneeded .A.severalnewequipmentsB.quiteafewequipmentC.anumberofequipmentsD.somenewtypeofequipment(D)44.0urnationalteam reorganized.A.havebeenB.arebeingC.hasbeenD.isto(C)45.Itwas thatwewentcampinginthemountainslastweek.A.suchniceweatherB.tooniceweatherC.soniceaweatherD.niceweatherso(A)C層 hewasonlyinterestedinmakingmoney.A.Ashewasastudent B.AstudentashewasC.Asstudenthewas D.Studentthoughhewas(D)Humanbehaviorismostlyaproductoflearning,whereasthebehaviorofanimalsdependsmainlyon A.instruction B.instinct C.intelligence D.interaction(B)Themoviewascommentedasexcellentinthe publishedinthelocalnewspaper.A.survey B.review C.inspection D.investigation(B)Withtheopeningofthenewcomputerlab,studentshaveeasy tocomputers.A.access B.approach C.accesses D.approaches

Icaughta ofherbeforeshevanishedintothecrowd.A.glimpseB.stareC.watchD.glance(A)Besurethatthegameyouselectiswithinthe ofyourstudents'ability.A.degreeB.rangeC.extentD.limit(B)Atpresent,houseworkhasbeenmademucheasierbyelectrical .A.facilities B.instruments C.equipment D.appliances(D)Theresultoftheelectionwasa(n) ofthegreatinfluenceofpublicopiniononstateaffairs.A.meansB.indexC.mediumD.reason(B)Thereaderwillthenbeabletoseeata howyouhavestructuredyourdiscussion.A.glare B.grip C.glanceD.glitter(C)Halfofthematerial Halfofthematerial away.A.hasbeentaken B.aretaken(A)There inthisroom.A.aretoomanyfurnituresC.aretoomuchfurnituresC.havebeentakenD.weretakenaretoomuchfurnitureD.istoomuchfurniture(D)Onlytwohundreddallars enoughtoderalwithit.A.areB.isC.hasD.have(B)Chinese notsodifficulttolearn.TheChinesepeople braveandhardworking.A.is;isB.are;isC.is;areD.are;are(C)Little donetopreventtheairfrombeingpolluted.Much donetoagainstfightpollution.A.hasbeen;havebeenB.have;hashasbeen;hasbeenD.havebeen;havebeen.Mybrotheraskedmetokeep onthebabywhenshewascooking.A.theeyeB.aneyeC.twoeyesD.mucheyes(B)提高層次C一)D.morefiftyhairTenyearshadpassed.Ifoundshehad .D.morefiftyhairA.afewwhitehairsB.alittlewhitehairC.somewhitehair—Hi,thisway,please.—OK.Isometimeshavenosenseof whenIarriveatthecrossroad.A.position B.DirectionC.situation D.conditionShellyhadpreparedcarefullyforherEnglishexaminationsothatshecouldbesureofpassingitonherfirst A.intention B.attempt C.purpose D.desireIdidn'thavetoworkallweekend—Ididitby .A.chanceB.choiceC.accidentD.myself“Didyouget totheparty?”“Yes,Irepliedtoitthismorning.”A.ananswerB.aninvitationC.aquestionD.aletterIpaidhim￡50forthepainting,butitstrue mustbeatleast￡500.A.price B.money C.value D.importanceHisletterwassoconfusingthatIcouldhardlymakeany ofit.A.explanation B.meaning C.sense D.guessYou'vejustmissedyour ,andyouwillhavetowaitforthenextround.A.chance B.turnC.time D.part—LiLinisverybrightandstudieshardaswell.—It'sno healwaysgetsthefirstplaceinanyexamination.A.question B.doubtC.problemD.wonder—HowcanIusethiswashingmachine?—Well,justrefertothe .A.explanationsB.ExpressionsC.introductions D.directionsJimwaslatefortwoclassesthismorning.Hesaidthatheforgotbothofthe .roomsnumber B.roomnumberC.room'snumbersD.roomnumbers—Hello,I'dliketospeaktoHenry.—Oh,which ?Therearetwo inouroffice.A.Henrys,Henrys B.Henries,HenriesC.Henry,HenrysD.Henrys,HenriesElectricity,likeotherformsof ,hasgreatlyincreasedinpriceinrecentyears.A.pressure B.forceC.strength D.energyInordertolearnthe ofthefamilybusiness,Billtookajobasmessengerboyinoneoftheoffices.A.insandoutsB.dosanddon'tsC.headsandtailsD.t'sandi's—I'vegotan“A”intheexamination.—That'sagood .Youwillsurelywinasecond.A.result B.news C.start D.idea【答案與解析】選A。hair可用作可數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞，用作可數(shù)名詞時，指一根一根的毛發(fā)或頭發(fā)，如說There'sahairinmysoup（我的湯里有根頭發(fā)）；用作不可數(shù)名詞時，則是整體地指一個人的頭發(fā)。選B。需根據(jù)句意來分析。havenosenseofdirection意為“沒有方向感”。選B。需根據(jù)句意來分析。attempt在此表示“嘗試”。選B,由于上文說didn'thavetowork，所以下文相應(yīng)的語境應(yīng)是diditbychoice。類似地，下面一題應(yīng)選D,也是因為choice與下文的havetodoit相呼應(yīng)：Wereyougivena ,ordidyouhavetodoit?jobdutyrequestchoice選B。注意其后的totheparty和repliedtoit。選C。value指“價值”。選Comakesenseof意為“明白"、“理解”。比較：makesense意為“有意義"、“意思清楚"、“有道理”。如下面一題選D：Whathetoldusaboutthesituationsimplydoesn'tmakeany .A.usereasonvaluesense選Bomissone'sturn電為“錯過機會”，注意下文的...havetowaitforthenextround所表示的語境。選Doit'snowonder（+that從句）的意思是“難怪”，也可說成Nowonder（+that從句）。選D。directions的意思是“使用說明”，空格前的referto意為“查看”、“參考”。選D。room為無生命名詞，不用room's這樣的所有格形式，在此可直接用名詞作定語。類似地，下面一題要選B,也是一樣的道理（名詞作定語通常用單數(shù)不用復(fù)數(shù)）：Theboywasveryhappythathismotherboughthimanewpairofshoesata yesterday.shoesshopshoeshopshoes'sshopshoe's選C。在通常情況下，專有名詞具有“獨一無二”性，因此它通常沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式，即不可數(shù)。但是，專有名詞的獨一無二性有時是相對的，隨著范圍的擴大，這種獨一無二性便會受到破壞。如在一個星職week）內(nèi)，只有一個星期六（Saturday）,—個星期日（Sunday）等，但是在一個月中甚至一年中，便有多個星期六，多個星期日了。所以我們有時可以說：WehavespentmanyhappySundaysthere.我們在那兒度過了許多個愉快的星期日。另外一點值得注意的是，與一般的名詞單數(shù)變復(fù)數(shù)不同，以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾的專有名詞，其直接加詞尾-s，而不將y改為i。選D。從常識來考慮，electricity屬于energy，結(jié)合全句的語境，只有D最合適。同樣地，下面一題從常識和語境來考慮也應(yīng)選D：選A。insandouts意為“細節(jié)”，dosanddon'ts意為“注意事項”，headsortails為擲錢幣打賭時用語，意為“你賭正面還是賭反面”，p'sandq's主要用于mindone'sp'sandq's，意為“留意自己的言行”。結(jié)合句意，選A最合適。選C。從語法上看，news不可選，因為它不可數(shù)；從意義上看，D不可選，因為選D意思不通；比較A和C,選C最合適，因為start與下文的asecond相吻合。二）選詞填空concealbeneficialproceedemphasisvirtueenergeticperspectiveadventurousefficientstrengthenbeliefemotionstickstimulatecomplimentInthenextfiveyearsmore shouldbeputonelementaryeducationinruralareas.Afterallthemisunderstandingsandmistrust,weallhopedthetwosidesshouldlookatthematterfromabrand-new .Itisquitenaturalthatwomenliketohear ontheirappearances.Yogaisoneofthemost andoneofthemostbeautifulformsofexercise.Thenewcomputerismuchmore andisabletodonearlytwicetheworkinaunitoftime.Hisvoicewasfilledwith whenhespokeofwhathehadseenintheearthquakestrickenarea.Myfatherhadmuch indoctorsoftraditionalChinesemedicine.Althoughshefeltangry,shetriedto herangerfromherfriends.Theexercisesaredesignedto yourstomachmuscles.Sincewe'vesettledthefirstproblem,nowlet's tothenextinthelist.Jackiskind,honestandcourageous.Heisamanofgreat .Thegovernmentwilldoeverythinginitspowerto economicgrowth.Mygrandpaisas asayoungmanandhatessittingarounddoingnothingallday.Johnisvery ,alwayswillingtotrynewthingsandunafraidofrisks.Hejust tohisowntheory,nomatterwhatotherssaid.參考答案：1.ceed11.virtue12.stimulate13.energetic14.adventurous15.stick二．數(shù)量詞數(shù)量詞的重難點1．序數(shù)詞的一些特別的用法一些特殊數(shù)量詞的用法歸類與考點總結(jié)數(shù)詞主要分為基數(shù)詞和序數(shù)詞兩類。一．基數(shù)詞表示數(shù)目的詞稱為基數(shù)詞。其形式如下：從1——10one，two，three，four，five，six，seven，eight，nine，ten．從11——19eleven，twelve，thirteen，fourteen，fifteen，sixteen，seventeen，eighteen，nineteen這里除eleven,twelve,thirteen,fifteen,eighteen為特殊形式外，fourteen,sixteen,seventeen,nineteen都是由其個位數(shù)形式后添加后綴-teen構(gòu)成。從21——99整數(shù)幾十中除twenty,thirty,forty,fifty,eighty為特殊形式外,sixty,seventy,ninety都是其個位數(shù)形式后添加后綴-ty構(gòu)成。表示幾十幾時，在幾十和個位基數(shù)詞形式之間添加連字符“-”21twenty-one76seventy-six百位數(shù)個數(shù)基數(shù)詞形式力『'hundred”，表示幾百，在幾十幾與百位間加上and.101ahundredandone320threehundredandtwenty648sixhundredandforty-eight千位數(shù)以上從數(shù)字的右端向左端數(shù)起，每三位數(shù)加一個逗號“，”。從右開始，第一個“，”前的數(shù)字后添加thousand,第二個“，”前面的數(shù)字后添加million，第三個“，”前的數(shù)字后添加billion。然后一節(jié)一節(jié)分別表示，兩個逗號之間最大的數(shù)為百位數(shù)形式。2,648twothousandsixhundredandforty-eight16,250,064sixteenmilliontwohundredandfiftythousandsixty-four5,237,166,234fivebillion，twohundredandthirty-sevenmillion，onehundredandsixty-sixthousand，twohundredandthirty-four基數(shù)詞在表示確切的數(shù)字時，不能使用百、千、百萬、十億的復(fù)數(shù)形式；但是，當基數(shù)詞表示不確切數(shù)字，如成百、成千上萬，三三兩兩時，基數(shù)詞則以復(fù)數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)。Therearehundredsofpeopleinthehall.大廳里有數(shù)以百計的人。ThousandsandthousandsofpeoplecometovisittheMuseumofQinTerra-CottaWarriorsandHorseseveryday.每天有成千上萬的人來參觀秦兵馬涌博物館。Theywenttothetheatreintwosandthrees．他們?nèi)齼蓛傻貋淼搅藙≡?。表示人的不確切歲數(shù)或年代，用幾十的復(fù)數(shù)形式表示。Hebecameaprofessorinhisthirties．他三十多歲時成為了教授。Shediedoflungcancerinforties．她四十來歲時死于肺癌。Itwasinthe1960s．那是在二十世紀六十年代。基數(shù)詞的句法功能基數(shù)詞在句中可作主語、賓語、定語、表語、同位語。Thetwohappilyopenedthebox．兩個人高興地打開了盒子。（作主語）Ineedthreealtogether．我總共需要三個。（作賓語）Fourstudentsareplayingvolleyballoutside．四個學生在外面打排球。（作定語）Wearesixteen．我們是16個人。（作表語）Theythreetriedtofinishthetaskbeforesunset．他們?nèi)齻€人盡力想在日落前完成任務(wù)。（作同位語）序數(shù)詞表示順序的詞稱為序數(shù)詞。序數(shù)詞的主要形式：從第一至第十九其中，one—first， two—second，three—third，five—fifth，eight—eighth，nine—ninth，twelve—twelfth為特殊形式，其它的序數(shù)詞都是由其相對應(yīng)的基數(shù)詞后面添加“th”構(gòu)成。例如：six—sixth、nineteen—nineteenth.從第二十至第九十九整數(shù)第幾十的形式由其對應(yīng)的基數(shù)詞改變結(jié)尾字母y為i,再加“eth”構(gòu)成。twenty——twentieththirty——thirtieth表示第幾十幾時，用幾十的基數(shù)詞形式加上連字符“－”和個位序數(shù)詞形式一起表示。thirty-first第三十一fifty-sixth第五十六seventy-third第七十三ninety-ninth第九十九第一百以上的多位序數(shù)詞由基數(shù)詞的形式變結(jié)尾部分為序數(shù)詞形式來表示。onehundredandtwenty-first第一百二十一onethousand，threehundredandtwentieth第一千三百二十序數(shù)詞的縮寫形式有時，序數(shù)詞可以用縮寫形式來表示。主要縮寫形式有。first——lstsecond——2ndthird——3rdfourth——4thsixth——6thtwentieth——20thtwenty-third——23rd其中1st,2nd,3rd為特殊形式，其它的都是阿拉伯數(shù)字后加上th。序數(shù)詞的句法功能序數(shù)詞在句中可作主語、賓語、定語和表語。ThesecondiswhatIreallyneed．第二個是我真正需要的。（作主語）Hechoosethesecond．他挑選了第二個。（作賓語）Wearetocarryoutthefirstplan．我們將執(zhí)行第一個計劃。（作定語）Sheisthesecondinourclass.在我們班她是第二名。（作表語）注:序數(shù)詞在使用時，通常前面要加定冠詞the；但是如果序數(shù)詞前出現(xiàn)不定冠詞a或an時，則表示“再——”,“又——”。We'llgooveritasecondtime.我們得再念第二遍。We'vetrieditthreetimes.Mustwetryitafourthtime?我們已經(jīng)試過三遍了，還必須試一次（第四次）嗎？另外，基數(shù)詞也可以表示順序。只需將基數(shù)詞放在它所修飾的名詞之后即可，不需要添加定冠詞。thefirstlesson——LessonOnethefifthpage——Page5（five）thetwenty-firstroom——Room21（twenty-one）★由基數(shù)詞和序數(shù)詞構(gòu)成的分數(shù)講解分數(shù)是由基數(shù)詞和序數(shù)詞一起來表示的。基數(shù)詞作分子，序數(shù)詞作分母，除了分子是“1”以外，其它情況下序數(shù)詞都要用復(fù)數(shù)形式。3/4threefourths或threequarters1/3onethird或athird24/25twenty-fourtwenty-fifths31/4threeandonefourth或threeandonequarter1/2ahalf1/4onequarter或aquarter11/2oneandahalf11/4oneandaquarter當分數(shù)后面接名詞時，如果分數(shù)表示的值大于1，名詞用復(fù)數(shù)；小于1，名詞用單數(shù)。1/2hours一個半小時（讀作oneandahalfhours）3/4meters二又四分之三米（讀作twoandthree-fourthsmeters）4/5meter五分之四米5/6inch六分之五英寸表示“n次方”的說法：指數(shù)用序數(shù)詞，底數(shù)用基數(shù)詞。10的7次方theseventhpoweroften（tentotheseventhpower）6的10次方thetenthpowerofsix（sixtothetenthpower）常用表示法一、時刻表示法表示幾點鐘用基數(shù)詞加可以省略的o'clock5:00讀作fiveo'clock或five表示幾點過幾分，在分鐘后加past，再加小時fivepastseven七點過五分halfpastsix六點半aquarterpasteight八點過一刻sevenpasteight八點過七分表示幾點差幾分，在分鐘后面加to,再加小時tentoeight差十分八點（七點五十分）aquartertotwelve差一刻十二點（十一點四十五分）twenty