完整生動(dòng)的英語被動(dòng)語態(tài)分析解析

HowtodescribethepicturesTheriverwasseriouslypolluted.第一頁，共38頁。1Sometreeshavebeencutdown.

第二頁，共38頁。2

ThePassiveVoice(被動(dòng)語態(tài)〕第三頁，共38頁。3

語態(tài)是動(dòng)詞的一種形式，表示主語(zhǔyǔ)和動(dòng)詞之間的關(guān)系。英語動(dòng)詞有兩種語態(tài)：主動(dòng)語態(tài)和被動(dòng)語態(tài)。主動(dòng)語態(tài)動(dòng)詞的主語(zhǔyǔ)是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，而被動(dòng)語態(tài)動(dòng)詞的主語(zhǔyǔ)是動(dòng)作的承受者。被動(dòng)語態(tài)是動(dòng)詞的一種特殊形式，一般說來，只有需要?jiǎng)幼鲗?duì)象的及物動(dòng)詞才有被動(dòng)語態(tài)。

英語(yīnɡyǔ)語態(tài)被動(dòng)語態(tài)的構(gòu)成(gòuchéng)workedopenedclosedseentaught

asked

work

close

openask

seeteache.g.由助動(dòng)詞be+及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞〔V-ed〕構(gòu)成。助動(dòng)詞be有人稱、數(shù)和時(shí)態(tài)的變化。第四頁，共38頁。4英語(yīnɡyǔ)的謂語動(dòng)詞有兩種語態(tài)WespeakEnglish.主語(zhǔyǔ)謂語(wèiyǔ)賓語Englishisspokenbyus.主語謂語賓語賓變主,主變賓,前加by動(dòng)變被,看清be,結(jié)構(gòu)分別be+pp主動(dòng)語態(tài)被動(dòng)語態(tài)第五頁，共38頁。5主變被解題(jiětí)步驟:1.找賓語(bīnyǔ)----即動(dòng)作的承受者They

make

shoesinthatfactory.

Shoes2.判斷賓語(bīnyǔ)的單復(fù)數(shù)----即be動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù).arewere3.判斷動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)----即be動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài).4.修改謂語的時(shí)態(tài)----即原句動(dòng)詞改為過去分詞

made5.修改原句的主語----即by+主語/賓語.bythem.第六頁，共38頁。6

Tom

broke

thewindow.

Thewindow

wasbroken

byTom.

Tom

broke

thewindows.

Thewindows

werebroken

byTom.

He

broke

thewindows.

Thewindows

werebroken

byhim.

第七頁，共38頁。7

Fillintheblankswiththeproperformofthewordsgiveninthebrackets.Thebridge

(build)lastyear.TheOlympicGames

(hold)everyfouryears.Theproblem

(discuss)atthemeetingnow.Hisnewbook

(publish)nextmonth.Theclassroom

(notclean)yet.

wasbuilt

areheldisbeingdiscussed

willbepublished

hasnotbeencleaned

第八頁，共38頁。8Readtext-1

6.

Themachine

(repair)atthistimeyesterday.7.Shesaidthereport

(type)byLiMeifortwoweeks.8.MissLisaidthebook

(give)tothestudentsthenextmorning.9.BytheendofnexttermtwothousandEnglishwords

(learn).10.Hesaidtheproject.(finish)by2010.wasbeingrepairedhadbeentypedwouldbegiven

willhavebeenlearnedwouldhavebeenfinished

第九頁，共38頁。9Readtext-2

Whencanweusethepassivevoice?不知道動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者是誰，或沒有必要(bìyào)指出動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者時(shí)。

Mybikewasstolenlastnight.昨晚我的自行車被偷了。Lettersarecollectedateighteverymorning.信件每天早晨(zǎochen)八點(diǎn)收取。ThedeskwasmadebyMasterWang.這張課桌是王師傅做的。Thebagwastakenawaybyhissister.那個(gè)口袋(kǒudɑi)是她姐姐提走的。2.為了強(qiáng)調(diào)或突出動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí)。第十頁，共38頁。10Article1_popwin_title3.為了(wèile)更好地安排句子。Thewell-knownpersongotonthebusandwasimmediatelyrecognizedbypeople.〔一個(gè)主語就夠了〕那個(gè)名人一上車就立刻(lìkè)被大家認(rèn)出來了。Ihaveanewskirt.Itwasgiventomeasabirthdaypresentbymyaunt.我有條新裙子。它是我阿姨送給(sònɡɡěi)我作為生日禮物的。4.在上下文中，為了使句子間連接緊密時(shí)。如：第十一頁，共38頁。11Article1_popwin_headforHowtochangetheactivevoiceintothepassivevoice?

將主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中的賓語變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中的主語，將主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中的謂語動(dòng)詞變?yōu)椤癰e+過去分詞〞形式，將主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中的主語變?yōu)榻樵~by的賓語(假設(shè)(jiǎshè)動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者沒有必要說明那么可以省略該by短語)。把SVO〔主動(dòng)(zhǔdòng)賓〕句型的主動(dòng)(zhǔdòng)句轉(zhuǎn)換成被動(dòng)句，原句中的賓語作被動(dòng)句的主語。

e.g.LiLeiplantedthetreelastyear.→ThetreewasplantedbyLiLeilastyear.WorkersmadethemachinesinChangsha.→ThemachinesweremadeinChangsha.根本(gēnběn)方法第十二頁，共38頁。122.把SVoO〔主動(dòng)(zhǔdòng)間賓直賓〕的主動(dòng)(zhǔdòng)句轉(zhuǎn)換成被動(dòng)句，常用原句中的間接賓語作被動(dòng)句中的主語。

Article1_popwin_tape.g.Theygaveheraprize.→Shewasgivenaprize.XiaoLi’sbrothertaughthimEnglish.→

XiaoLiwastaughtEnglishbyhisbrother.e.g.Hepaintedthedoorgreenyesterday.→Thedoorwaspaintedgreenyesterday.WecalledthestudentCleverHans.→Thestudentwascalled

CleverHans.3.SVOC〔主動(dòng)賓賓補(bǔ)〕句型轉(zhuǎn)換為被動(dòng)句時(shí)，原句中的賓語(bīnyǔ)補(bǔ)語就成為主語補(bǔ)語。第十三頁，共38頁。13Article2_popwin_pullover4.短語動(dòng)詞(dòngcí)轉(zhuǎn)換為被動(dòng)態(tài)時(shí)，通常被看作是一個(gè)動(dòng)詞(dòngcí)，后面的介詞或副詞不能拆開或省略。e.g.Theylookedafterthechildrenwell.→Thechildrenwerewelllookedafter.

Wehasputoffthemeetingtillnextweek.→

Themeetinghasbeen

putofftillnextweek.e.g.LiLeitoldusthattheteacherpraisedhimtoday.→WeweretoldthatLiLeiwaspraisedbytheteachertoday.5.復(fù)合句的主動(dòng)語態(tài)(yǔtài)變被動(dòng)語態(tài)(yǔtài)時(shí)，復(fù)合句中的主句和從句都須同時(shí)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)(yǔtài)。如：第十四頁，共38頁。14Article2_popwin_radio英語中用主動(dòng)(zhǔdòng)表被動(dòng)的幾種特殊情況2.某些“be+形容詞+todo〞結(jié)構(gòu)中的不定式通常要用主動(dòng)形式(xíngshì)表示被動(dòng)意義：連系動(dòng)詞為不及物動(dòng)詞，它們沒有被動(dòng)語態(tài)形式(xíngshì)。但有些表示感受、感官的連系動(dòng)詞(如look,sound,smell,feel,taste等)可用主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)：Thebuildinglooksverybeautiful.

這座建筑看上去很美。Hervoicesoundedquitesweet.她的聲音聽起來非常甜美。Thebookisdifficulttounderstand.

這書很難懂。Themusicisn’tpleasanttolistento.

這音樂不好聽。第十五頁，共38頁。15Article3_popwin_flight

3.不定式用于某些動(dòng)詞(如have,havegot,get等)的賓語后作定語時(shí)，如果不定式的邏輯主語就是句子的主語，通常(tōngcháng)用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。Ihavesomeclothestowash.我有一些(yīxiē)衣服要洗。MissGreenhassomeimportantletterstosend.格林小姐有一些(yīxiē)重要的信件要寄。注：假設(shè)不定式的邏輯主語(zhǔyǔ)不是句子的主語(zhǔyǔ)，那么應(yīng)用被動(dòng)式，比較：Ihavesomethingtotype.我有些東西要打(字)。(指自己打字)Ihavesomethingtobetyped.我有些東西要打(字)。(指請(qǐng)人打字)第十六頁，共38頁。164.在too…todosth和…enoughtodosth這兩個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)中，假設(shè)句子(jùzi)主語與其后不定式todosth為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，那么該不定式通常用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義(有時(shí)也可直接用被動(dòng)式)。Theteaistoohottodrink.茶太熱，不能喝。 Theseboxesarenotstrongenoughtouse[tobeused]asaplatform.這些箱子不夠(bùgòu)牢，不能用作站臺(tái)。第十七頁，共38頁。176.在need,want,require等少數(shù)表示“需要〞的動(dòng)詞后的動(dòng)名詞用主動(dòng)(zhǔdòng)形式表被動(dòng)意義。5.beworth后的動(dòng)名詞要用主動(dòng)(zhǔdòng)表被動(dòng)。

Thehouseneedscleaning.房子需要清掃(qīngsǎo)了。Thesechildrenrequirelookingafter.這些孩子需要照看。Thehouseneedstobecleaned.Thesechildrenrequiretobelookedafter.

Thismovieisworthseeing.

這部影片值得一看。

Theproblemisnotworthdiscussing.

這個(gè)問題不值得討論。

第十八頁，共38頁。18幾種(jǐzhǒnɡ)值得注意的被動(dòng)語態(tài)變化．１帶復(fù)合(fùhé)賓語的被動(dòng)語態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)．〔１〕makesb.dosth.sb.bemadetodosth.MrGreen

made

Jim

do

hishomeworkathome.Jim

wasmadetodo

hishomework

byMrGreen

athome.watchlethavehearseenotice第十九頁，共38頁。19(2)seesb.doingsth.sb.beseendoingsth.Isawhimplayingfootballatthatmoment.Hewasseenplayingfootballatthatmoment.hear/watch/….第二十頁，共38頁。20Weoftenhear

themsingthissong.Theyareoftenheardtosingthissong(byus).Thissong

isoftenheard(byus)tobesung(bythem).第二十一頁，共38頁。21Bob

sent

Kate

aletterlastyear.=Kate

wassent

aletter

byBoblastyear.=Aletter

wassent

toKate

byBoblastyear.tellaskbringwritegiveteachpasslend…toHetoldJimastory.第二十二頁，共38頁。22Mummademeanewdress.Iwasmade

anewdressbyMum.Anewdress

wasmade

for

mebyMum.makebuydraw…forIboughtmybrotherabook.第二十三頁，共38頁。23注意(zhùyì):約翰翻開了收音機(jī)。Johnturnedontheradio.Theradiowasturnedon.奶奶照看(zhàokàn)我姐姐。Grandmatakescareofmysister.Mysisteristakencareof

byGrandma.注：千萬不要(bùyào)遺漏介詞或副詞。Wemustspeaktooldpeoplepolitely.Oldpeoplemustbespokentopolitely.第二十四頁，共38頁。24Theysaid

thathewouldcomebacksoon.Itwassaid

thathewouldcomebacksoon.類似(lèisì)的還有：

Itisreported/believed/hoped/supposedthat......第二十五頁，共38頁。251).不及物動(dòng)詞(jíwùdònɡcí)沒有被動(dòng)語態(tài)。

如：belong,happen,takeplace,last,cometrue,remain,succeed,fall,die,arrive,等。

*Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinthiscity.

*Thatbikedoesn’tbelongtoMike.

不用被動(dòng)語態(tài)的幾種(jǐzhǒnɡ)情況：第二十六頁，共38頁。26不用(bùyòng)被動(dòng)語態(tài)的幾種情況：2)表示(biǎoshì)靜態(tài)的及物動(dòng)詞不用被動(dòng)語態(tài)have/fitIhaveaTVset.Thecoatfitsmewell.3〕祈使句一般(yībān)沒有被動(dòng)語態(tài)。【正】Lookattheblackboard，please．【誤】Theblackboardislookedatbyyou．第二十七頁，共38頁。27不用被動(dòng)語態(tài)的幾種(jǐzhǒnɡ)情況：4.系動(dòng)詞沒有(méiyǒu)被動(dòng)態(tài)和進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)這魚味道(wèidao)很好。這條圍巾摸上去很軟。Thefish

tastes

good.Thescarf

feels

soft.第二十八頁，共38頁。285.反身代詞(fǎnshēndàicí)在句中作賓語時(shí)，不能用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。例如：【正】Youmustlookafteryourself．【誤】Yourselfmustbelookedafter4.某些(mǒuxiē)動(dòng)詞形式是主動(dòng)，但含有被動(dòng)的意思。這書很好賣。這種布很好洗。Thebook

sells

well.Thiskindofcloth

washesverywell.這書賣完了。Thebook

issold

out.第二十九頁，共38頁。29這塊表需要修理(xiūlǐ)一下。Thewatchneedsmending.=Thewatchneedstobemended.=Weneedtomendthewatch.

want第三十頁，共38頁。30Didhefinishtheworkyesterday?Werethebookstakenawaybythegirl?Didthegirltakeawaythebooks?WasthewindowbrokenbyTom?______Tom______thewindow?DidbreakWastheworkfinishedbyhimyesterday？第三十一頁，共38頁。31Dotheyoftentalkaboutthisquestion?__thisquestionoften_____about______?Istalked

bythemDoesn’tBobcleanthestreeteveryday?_______thestreet_________byBobeveryday?Isn’tcleaned第三十二頁，共38頁。32Hetoldustogettoschoolearly.Ourparentsaskustostayathomeatnight.Weweretoldtogettoschoolearlybyhim.Weareaskedtostayathomeatnight.---Didyougototheparty?---No,I____________(invite)wasn’tinvited第三十三頁，共38頁。33Thebridge______________inthreeweeks.(finish)Youcangooutifyourhomework______(do)

willbefinishedisdoneThisisoneofthethingsthat_________(see)thatday.wereseenWhenwasPRC_________(found)?wasseenThisis