人教版（2019） 必修第三冊(cè) Unit 4 Space Exploration Discovering useful structures(共23張PPT)

DiscoveringusefulstructuresWordsreviewsoastorecyclemusclelackfloatotherwisebeyondsolarsolarsystemcurrentfigureoutsufficient為了；以便vt.回收利用；再利用n.肌肉；實(shí)力；影響力n.缺乏；短缺vt.沒有；缺乏vi.浮動(dòng)；漂流vt.使浮動(dòng)；使漂流adv.否則；要不然prep.在更遠(yuǎn)處；超出adj.太陽的；太陽能的太陽系；類太陽系adj.當(dāng)前的；現(xiàn)在的n.水流；電流弄懂；弄清楚；弄明白adj.足夠的，充足的ReadafterthetapeandspeakouttheChineseimmediately.

OnSeptember27,2008,ZhaiZhigang,aChineseastronaut,climbedoutofthespacecraft_______(fix)aChineseflagontheoutsideofthespaceship.HeisthefirstChineseastronaut_________(make)spacewalk.tofixtomakeFillintheblankswiththecorrectformofthewords.What'sthefunctionofthem?

to+動(dòng)詞原形Infinitive動(dòng)詞不定式Is“tofix”theattributiveoradverbial?Is“tomake”theattributiveoradverbial?1.Itrainedforalongtimetofly

airplanesasafighterpilot.2.Asweallknow,anastronautneedstobehealthyandcalminordertowork

inspace.3.Firstofall,youmustbeintelligentenoughtoget

arelatedcollegedegree.4.Somescientistsweredeterminedtohelphumansrealizetheirdreamtoexplore

space.5.On12April1961,YuriGagarinbecamethefirstpersonintheworldtogo

intospace.Studythefollowingsentencesandtellthefunctionsoftheitalicizedpart.infinitiveasadverbialinfinitiveasadverbialinfinitiveasadverbialinfinitiveasattributiveinfinitiveasattributiveFindmoreexamplesfromtheunit.P421...andscientistsworkhardtofindanswers…Theymakevehiclestocarrybravepeopleintospacetofindoutthesecretsoftheuniverse.Forexample,America'sNASAspaceagencylaunchedVoyager1on5September1977tostudydeepspace...Thesedisastersmadeeveryonesadanddisappointed,butthedesiretoexploretheuniverseneverdied.Chinabecamethethirdcountryintheworldtoindependentlysendhumansintospacein2003…(asadverbial)(asattributive)

(asadverbial)(asattributive)(asattributive)Moreexamples.(asadverbial)...followedbythevehicleJadeRabbitbeingsenttothemoontostudyitssurface,...ChinalaunchedtheTiangong2spacelabintospaceandTianzhou1todockwithit.ThissignalledonestepfurtherinChina'splantoestablishaspacestationinthefuture....ofthefarsideofthemoontomakemeasurementsandobservations…

...andChinaallhaveplansto

furtherstudyandexploreplanetslikeMarsandJupiter.(asadverbial)(asadverbial)(asattributive)(asadverbial)(asattributive)Moreexamples.Focuson基本用法infinitiveasattributive不定式作定語2.不定式作定語時(shí)與被修飾詞存在邏輯上的關(guān)系。①Heisalwaysthefirstpersontocome

andthelastonetoleave.

他總是第一個(gè)來最后一個(gè)走。②Theteacherleftusalotofproblems

tosolve.

老師給我們留了很多題要解答。③Ihaveawish

togotocollege.

我有一個(gè)上大學(xué)的愿望。主謂關(guān)系動(dòng)賓關(guān)系同位關(guān)系1.不定式作定語，一般都是作后置定語，修飾前面的名詞或代詞。1.當(dāng)被thefirst,thelast,theonly等詞以及形容詞最高級(jí)修飾時(shí)常用不定式作后置定語。2.something,anything,nothing,everything等復(fù)合不定代詞常用不定式作后置定語。I’vegrownsocrazyabouteverything

todowithnature.ThenexttraintoarrivewasfromShenzhen.3.不定式作定語也可用在have…todo和therebe句型中。4.當(dāng)不定式作定語，且與被修飾的詞語有邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系時(shí)，不定式動(dòng)詞應(yīng)該是及物動(dòng)詞；若不定式動(dòng)詞為不及物動(dòng)詞，則該動(dòng)詞必須與介詞連用，組成及物的動(dòng)詞短語。Pleasepassmesomepapertowrite____.Thereisnoonetotakecareofher.Ihavenojewelrytowear.onFocuson基本用法infinitiveasadverbial不定式作狀語不定式作狀語可以表示目的、結(jié)果或原因等。1.目的狀語①Hecameheretoattendanimportantmeeting.

他來這兒參加一個(gè)重要的會(huì)議。②Helaiddownhislifetosavethechild.他為了救這個(gè)孩子獻(xiàn)出了生命。③

Heshoutedandwavedinordertobenoticed.

他喊了一聲，揮了揮手，以引起注意。④

I'llwritedownhistelephonenumbersoas

nottoforgetit.

我會(huì)記下他的電話號(hào)碼，以免忘記。有時(shí)為了強(qiáng)調(diào)或突出這種目的，也可以用inorder(not)todo，和soas(not)todo結(jié)構(gòu)（soastodo不可以置于句首）。2.結(jié)果狀語①Hereturnedhometolearnhisdaughterhadjustbeenengaged.

他回家后得知女兒剛剛訂婚了。②HewenthometofindhisoldfriendGeorgewaitingforhim.

他到家發(fā)現(xiàn)他的老朋友喬治在等他。③WhathaveIsaidtomakeyousoexcited?

我說了什么使你這么激動(dòng)?不定式作結(jié)果狀語常與learn,find,see,hear,make等動(dòng)詞連用。①Shewassoangryastobeunabletospeak.

她氣得連話都說不出來。②Theboyisoldenoughto

takecareofhimself.

這個(gè)男孩夠大了，可以自己照顧自己。③Hehurriedtothestation,onlyto

findthetrainhadleft.

他匆匆忙忙趕到火車站，結(jié)果卻發(fā)現(xiàn)火車已經(jīng)走了。④I'mtootiredtostayuplonger.

我太累了，不能再熬夜了。不定式作結(jié)果狀語常用于以下句型結(jié)構(gòu)：①so/such…astodo②enoughtodo③onlytodo(常表示意外的或事與愿違的結(jié)果)④too…todo3.原因狀語①I'mgladtoseeyou.

很高興見到你。②Samwasverysurprisedtohearthenews.

薩姆聽到這個(gè)消息很吃驚。③Iwasafoolnottolistentoyouatthattime.

我真是個(gè)傻瓜，當(dāng)時(shí)不聽你的話。Replacetheitalicizedpartsbyusinginfinitivesor“inorderto/soasto+do”.1In2003YuriMalenchenkobecamethefirstperson

whogotmarriedinspace.→

In2003YuriMalenchenkobecamethefirstpersontogetmarriedinspace.2Inspace,astronautscollectalldirtywater

sothatitcanberecycledforlateruse.→

Inspace,astronautscollectalldirtywatersoastorecycleitforlateruse.3Mankindhasalwaysbeencuriousabouttheuniverseandmanypeoplehave

dreamtthatonedaytheywouldflyintospace.4Astronauts'bonesandmusclescangetveryweakinspaceduetothelackofgravity,sotheyneedtoexerciseeveryday,whichwillheipthemstayhealthy.5Astronautshavetousetapetostickeverythingdownwhileworkinginspacebecauseeverythingwouldfloatoffotherwise.6Duringaspacewalk,astronautshavetomoveslowly

sothattheycankeeptheirbodiesundercontrol.P4223Mankindhasalwaysbeencuriousabouttheuniverseandmanypeoplehave

dreamtthatonedaytheywouldflyintospace.

Mankindhasalwaysbeencuriousabouttheuniverseandmanypeoplehavethedreamtoflyintospaceoneday.4Astronauts'bonesandmusclescangetveryweakinspaceduetothelackofgravity,sotheyneedtoexerciseeveryday,whichwillheipthemstayhealthy.

Astronauts'bonesandmusclescangetveryweakinspaceduetothelackofgravity,sotheyneedtoexerciseeverydayto/inorderto/soastohelpthemstayhealthy.5Astronautshavetousetapetostickeverythingdownwhileworkinginspacebecauseeverythingwouldfloatoffotherwise.

Astronautshavetousetapetostickeverythingdownwhileworkinginspaceto/inorderto/soastokeepeverythingfromfloatingoff.6Duringaspacewalk,astronautshavetomoveslowly

sothattheycankeeptheirbodiesundercontrol.

Duringaspacewalk,astronautshavetomoveslowlyto/inorderto/soastokeeptheirbodiesundercontrol.Checkyouranswers.Completethepassagewiththecorrectformsoftheverbsinbrackets.Sendingpeopletootherplanetsorevenbeyondthesolarsystemisnotaneasygoal__________(achieve).Oneoftheproblemsisthatthetripwouldtakeaverylongtime.Forexample,______(use)thecurrenttechnology,itwouldtakeovertwoyears______(get)totheclosestplanet,Mars,andback.Althoughlightisthefastestthing_______(know)intheuniverse,itcouldtakemorethanfouryearstoreachtheneareststarsystem.Willscientistsfigureoutaway_______(store)sufficientfoodandwaterforthelongjourney?Isitpossibletotravelfasterthanlight?Nooneknowstheanswersyet.However,spacescientistsnevergiveup.Theyareexperimentingwithgrowingcropsinspacesoas______(help)astronautsgetenoughfoodonlongerjourneysthroughspace.toachieveusingtogetknowntostoretohelpP423Ⅰ.Fillintheblankswiththecorrectformsoftheverbs.1.Asitisattheendofsummer,peoplethinkitistheirlastchance_______(have)funbeforegoingbacktoboringwork.2.Ithinkyouhaveeveryright___________(complain).3.________(make)friendseasily,youneedtobeverykind.4.It'snevertooold_______(learn).5.Hewentbackonly_______(find)thedoorfirmlylocked.tohavetocomplainTomaketolearntofind6.Weareverypleased_______(hear)