HND采購報告內(nèi)容

Content

TOC\o"1-3"\h\u

17141

1.Introduction

2

1302

2.TheStrategicRoleOfTheIPDInReducingCosts

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28747

3.TheObjectivesofTheIPDinMakingaDecisiontoSourceOversea

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23184

4.TheComponentsoftheFirm’sInternationalPurchasingCycle

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5630

5.TheRelationshipsBetweenPurchasingandOtherDepartment

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15155

6.TheContributionoftheIPDtotheAppraisalofOverseasSuppliers

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12941

7TheNeedforPaymentDocumentationWhenImportingGoods

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3903

8.TheImpactofIncotermsForthePriceofImportedGoods

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2516

9.Conclusion

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7491

10.Reference

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1.Introduction

Thereportcallsforinternationalprocurementandsupply.Thiswillexplaintheinternaloperationofthepurchasingdepartment.

Howtoreducecost,whythereportwillevaluatetheIPDIPDchoosepurchasedoverseas,thecompany'sinternationalcirculationintheprocessoftheIPDandtherelationshipbetweentheotherdepartments,suchasfinance,therelationshipbetweentheR&DofIPD.Inadditiontothese,thereportwillanalyzehowtoevaluatesuppliers,andtheimportantpaymentdocumentationwhenthecompanytoimportgoods.Lastbutnotfurther,Incoterms,itwillintroducetotheastheFOB,CIFandothers.

2.TheStrategicRoleOfTheIPDInReducingCosts

IPDininternationalprocurementanddomesticroleofIPD'srole,asthesameisforthepurposeofreducingcosts.Overall,IPDneedtofindtherightpriceforthegoodsandthesupplierforthecompany.SoIPDshouldworkwithmanydepartments,suchasthesupplychaininthissector.Therearemanywaystosavecosts,one(WilliamandNancyYoung,March30,2007)isaveryeffectivewaytoreducecostssuchascentralizedprocurement.Willfocusontheneedsofvariousdepartmentstogether,theprocurementunitcanbeusedasweightstogetabetterpricewithalargerquantitydiscountpurchases.Afterstandardizationspecificationscanbeobtainedvendorstandarddiscountedprices,inventorycanberelativelyreduced.Thus,administrativecostwillbereducedduetotheharmonizedoperationalprocurement,purchasingdepartmentwillbeabletohavemoretimetoresourcesonthedevelopmentofnewsuppliers.

Reducecycleisalsoapopularandpracticalmethodtoreducecosts.Thisisbecause,ifthecompaniestoreducethecycletime,thesupplychainwillbemoreefficient,

Purchasingneedtoworktogetherwiththedepartment,inordertoensuretheoperationoftheorganization.Atfirst,thedesigndepartmentshouldworktogetherwithR&Ddepartmenttoensurethatthedesignisfeasibleandsuitable.MinistryofFinanceisdesignedtohelpcalculatethecostandPurchasingwillofferthesupporttotheDesignandTheDesignDepartmentcanmakeaperformancefeedbackandasksomerequirementforthePurchasing.Secondly,theR&DdepartmentneedcooperatewiththePurchasing.ThisisduetothattheR&Ddepartmentneedrawmaterialandinformation,thusthePurchasingcanpurchasethematerialfortheR&DandmakeainitialsurveyofsuppliertoobtainsomeinformationtohelptheR&Dimproveandcreatemoregreatproducts.Inthenext，Purchasingdepartmentsmustsubmitprocurementplansandwaitfortheaudit,thefinancialsectorwillprovidethefundsneededforthepurchasingdepartment.finallytheFinancewillmakesurethecostwithinthebudgetsandagreethemakeorbuydecision.

TheContributionoftheIPDtotheAppraisalofOverseasSuppliers

AgoodsupplieriscriticaltoIPD,theIPDshouldthereforepotentialperformance,financialandotheraspectsoftheinvestigationandevaluationofsupplierstoensurethatthecompany'sprofits.Therearemanywaystoevaluatepotentialsuppliers.

First,theabilityofsupplierstosolvetheproblem,becauseitistheoverseasbuyerssotheremaybealotofproblemsoccur.Therefore,ifthesupplierhasagoodabilitytodealwiththeproblem,IPDpressurewillbereduced..Nextoneisthecorrectiveactionresponse,ifthesupplierdeliverthewrongproductormaterial,theresponseandcorrectivewillaffecttheappraisalofsupplier,iftheresponseisveryfast,thebuyerlosswilldecrease,sotheIPDwillprefertochoosethissupplier.third,theabilityoftechnologysuppliersandtechnologyupdateisalsoveryimportant,ifthesuppliercancontinuouslyupdateandensurethetechnicalqualityoftheproduct,whichcangivethebuyeragoodimage.Thesuppliercost-reductionideas,ifthepotentialsupplierhasacost-reductionideas,thismeantthatthesupplierwilltakemoreactiontoimprovethetechnologyorsystemtoreducethecost,itisbenefitforthebuyerduetothatitwillreducethecostofpurchasing.Ifthepotentialsuppliersupportnew-product,itwillbeverygoodandbuyerwilllikethissupplier,thisisbecauseitcansavetimeandcostforthepurchasertofindnewsupplier.Atlast,thecompatibilityofbuyerandsellerwilldecidethefuturedevelopmentandthepossibilityofcooperation.

Ofcourse,inadditiontothese,financialcondition,productionfacilities,willalsoaffecttheoverallqualityofperformanceassessment.Stablefinancialsituationandhasahugefacilitytoimprovetheabilityofsuppliers.Therefore,buyersprefertochoosethissuppliercollaboration.

7TheNeedforPaymentDocumentationWhenImportingGoods

Delaysandprofitprotectionoftheimportingcountry,whetherimportedorexportadocumentwhenaveryimportantright,thecorrectdocumentstoavoidgoods.Meanwhile,,thebuyerandsellermusthasacontracttostatethedocumentationanddecidethecurrency.Paymentdocumentwillalsohelpprovidethenecessaryimportscorrectimport,importdutiesandtaxes.Forexamplethereareseveralpaymentdocumentssuchascommercialinvoices,packinglists,certificatesoforiginandbillsofladingorairwaybill.

First,theimporterofthecommercialinvoiceisessential.Thecommercialinvoiceisusedasacustomsdeclarationprovidedbythepersonorcorporationthatisexportinganitemacrossinternationalborders.Itwillreflectthevalueofthepricingorgoods.Importersneedtousethedocumentsforimportdeclaration.Afterthecustomcheckandcorrect,theimportercanreceivethegoods.Second,iftheexporterhasthecertificateoforigin,theywillenjoypreferentialimporttariffs.Thus,theimportercanusethedocumentationtoasklowerpriceofimportandofferittocustomandreducethetariffs.Atthesametime,theimportingcountrycanuseittomaintainqualityandavoidcounterfeitthirdcountries.Third,thepackinglist("Packinglistdefinition".B.Retrieved2009-01-29.)Isalsousefulfortheimporter.Detailedpackinglistincludesthenumberofparcelsofgoods,size,grossandnetweightoftheshipmentofthemarks,thenumberofunitsperparcel.Thecustomwillusethedocumentationtoinspectcargoandimporteruseittocheckthegoods.Finally,thebilloflading(Levi,MauriceD.2005)isadocumentissuedbyacarrierwhichdetailsashipmentofmerchandiseandgivestitleofthatshipmenttoaspecifiedparty.[1]Billsofladingareoneofthreeimportantdocumentsusedininternationaltradetohelpguaranteethatexportersreceivepaymentandimportersreceivemerchandise.Astraightbillofladingisusedwhenpaymenthasbeenmadeinadvanceofshipmentandrequiresacarriertodeliverthemerchandisetotheappropriateparty.Anorderbillofladingisusedwhenshippingmerchandisepriortopayment,requiringacarriertodeliverthemerchandisetotheimporter,andattheendorsementoftheexporterthecarriermaytransfertitletotheimporter.Endorsedorderbillsofladingcanbetradedasasecurityorserveascollateralagainstdebtobligations.

TheImpactofIncotermsForthePriceofImportedGoods

Ininternationalcommercialtransactions,therearemanyinternationalIncoterms.Itdefinestherightsandobligationsofthepartiestothetrade.Inparticularitwillbethedefinitionofthetransactionandtransportationcosts,customsdutiesandinsurance.Incotermshavefourgroups,groupE,F,C&D.TheEXW,FCA,FOB,FAS,CFR,CIF,CPT,CIP,DAF,DES,DDUandDDP.TheseinternationalIncotermswillaffectnotonlythegeneralruleistheimportofcommoditiesandcommodityprices.

Forexample,CFRandCIF.TheCIFiscost,Insurance&Freight.Sellersneedtopayshippingandinsurance,buttheriskwillbetransferredtothebuyerupondeliveryofgoodsbecausetheship.Thebuyerwillpaythesellerimportdutiesandexporttaxesarepaid.TheCFRisthecostandfreight,.Thebuyerwillneedtopurchaseinsuranceandriskcargobeforeleavingtheportinandobtainimportlicenses,paymentofimportduties.Sellersneedtopaytransportationcosts,exportlicensesandexportdutiesandtaxespaid.BycomparingthesetwointernationalIncoterms,youcanfindsomeinternationalIncotermsimpactonpricesofimportedgoodsreason.First,CIFpriceishigherthantheCFR,whichisduetothesellertopaytransportationcostsandinsurancepremiums.ButCIFselleronlyneedtopaytransportationcosts,therefore,CIFpriceissignificantlyhigher.InotherinternationalIncotermsimpactisobvious,suchastheDgroup,whichhasmoreresponsibility,butalsoneedstoimportdutiespaidbytheseller,sothepricewillbehigher.

9.Conclusion

ThereportassesseshowtoreducethecostofIPD,IPDWhychooseoverseasprocurement,theproces