課件用打開翻譯精講

—時(shí)間：30：10分：0分復(fù)旦大學(xué)：20分中國：15分廈門大學(xué)：15分華東理工大學(xué)：20Translatingistheartof posingaworkinanotherlanguagewithoutlosingitsoriginalflavor.——ColumbiaEncyclopediaTranslatingistherecementoftextualmaterialinonelanguage(SL)byequivalenttextualinanotherlanguage(TL).——J.C.CarfordTotranslateistochangeintoanotherlanguage,retainingasmuchofthesenseasonecan.——SamuelJohnson.(人員(信息 (1)(2)languagelanguage(3)兩者具有相似的操作要求：WolframWilssTheScienceofTranslation：Problems&Methods一Translationisnotsimplyamatterofseekingotherwordswithsimilarmeaning,butoffindingappropriatewaysofsayingthingsinanotherlanguage.Translatingisalwaysmeaning-based,i.e.itisthetransferofmeaninginsteadofformfromthesourcelanguagetothetargetlanguage.1921年潛心翻譯，在《天演論》（1898年）卷首的《譯例言》中，提出了著譯文采用“漢以前字法句法”，既片面追求完美的文言文?！把拧雹茉~Pepperandmustardarehot.MymothergetaveryhotAhottipsaysI’mgoodathistorybutnotsohotatMystomachdoesn’tfeelsohot.She’sveryhot.Heisthelastmantocome.Heisthelastmantodoit.Heisthelastforsuchajob.Heshouldbethelasttoblame.ThisisthelastcewhereIexpectedtomeetTheyhavetheirsandWeinsistthatinternationaltradeshouldnotbeaone-waystreet.Ihavenoheadformathematics.Asfarastheheadgoes,atleast,shedoescredittotheeducationalsystempursuedatmyestablishment.Thecarinfrontofmestopped,andImissedthePerhapstheonlytroublewithcopperisthatitisnothardenoughforsomeshavefoundapplicationfortheexplorationoftheuniverse.In,thereisalotofemphasisonpoliteness.Acarefulstudyoftheoriginaltextwillgiveyouabettertranslation.ThesightandsoundofourjetnesfilledmewithspecialHeisagoodThosesmallfactoriesarealsolavishconsumerandwasterofrawagoodlookatrestlook.Youmustbetired.Whydon’tyoutakeaThecarbrakedsharply,comingtorestontheedgeoftheIamanxiousabouthisScientistsareconfidentthatallmatteris與思維和知覺相關(guān)的形容詞：aware,consciouscertain,suremindfulignorant與情感相關(guān)的形容詞：glad,pleased,cautious,careful,angry,happy,exhilarated,excited,confident,thankful,grateful,concerned,eager,afraid,doubtful,sorry等；與相關(guān)的形容詞：desirous,hopeful,anxious,keen,enthusiastic,zealous等。SheopenedthewindowtoletfreshairAftercarefulinvestigationtheyfoundthedesignThiskindofbehaviorcharacterizesthecriminalmind.Tothem,heifiedtheabsolutepower.OurageiswitnessingaprofoundpoliticalMostU.S.spysalitesaredesignedtoburnupintheearth’satmosphereaftercompletingtheirmissions.TheydidtheirbesttohelpthesickandtheHewaseloquentandelegant—butsoft.Hiswholefamilywerereligious.ShallIbringyouadictionaryoranencyclopedia?Both,please.Areyoutired?Notvery.Wedon’tretreat,weneverhaveandneverwillAfoolandhiswordsaresoonparted;amanofgeniusandhismoney.Readingmakesafullman;conferenceareadyman;writinganexactman.Supposethepreparatoryworkshouldnotbecompleted.Studentsshouldlearnfromteachersandviceversa.Hedismissedthemeetingwithoutaclosingspeech.Hespokehopefullyofthesuccessofthenegotiation.Whataleaderhewas!Ashesatdownandbegantalking,wordspouredDayafterdayhecametohiswork–swee,scrubbing,cleaning.Heneverdrinksbeforedriving.ThistypewriterisindeedcheapandAnewkindofaircraft—smallcheappilotless—isattractingincreasingattention.tosolve解決——solutiontopersuade說服——persuasion說服工作toprepare準(zhǔn)備——preparation準(zhǔn)備工作backward——backwardness狀態(tài)tense緊張——tension緊張arrogant自滿——arrogance自滿情緒mad瘋狂——madness瘋狂行為antagonistic——antagonism態(tài)度redundant多余——redundancy多余信息Flowersbloomallovertheyard.NewsmenwentflyingofftoMexico.Thelionisthekingofanimals.Ｉhadknowntwogreatsocialsystems.Man,was,isandalwayswillbetryingtoimprovehislivingconditions.Iwas,andremain,gratefulforthepartheyedinmyrelease.Theseemedjustifiablyproudoftheireconomically,IhopetogetbettermedicaltreatmentinthesecountriesthanIcanpossiblygethereintheUS.They,notsurprisingly,didnotrespondatThatregionwasthemostidentifiabletroubleAsacetolive,itleftmuchtobedesired.Asasecrettrainingbaseforarevolutionarynewne,itwasanexcellentsite,itsremotenesseffectivelymaskingitsactivity…Sunraysfilteredinwherevertheycould,drivingoutdarknessandchokingtheshadows.Energycanneitherbecreatednordestroyed,auniversallyacceptedlaw.Whathetoldmewasonlyhalf-Whetherhecomesornotmakesno為了強(qiáng)調(diào)起見，it一般可以譯出來；如果不需要強(qiáng)調(diào)，it也可以不譯出來。Itdoesn’tmakemuchdifferencewhetherheattendsthemeetingornot.Itseemedinconceivablethatthepilotcouldhavesurvivedthecrash.Itisstrangethatsheshouldhavefailedtoseeher （一）that,what,howwhen,whichwhy,whether,if等引起的賓語從句，翻譯成Idon’tknowthatheswamacrosstheriver.Idon’tknowhowheswamacrossthe（二）it作形式賓語的句子，在翻譯的時(shí)候，that所引導(dǎo)的賓語從句一般可按英語原文順序翻譯；it有時(shí)候可以不用翻譯。Imadeitcleartothemthattheymusthandintheirpapersbefore10o’clockintheIregarditasanhonorthatIamchosentoattendtheWeconsideritabsoluynecessarythatweshouldopenourdoortotheoutsideThatiswhyJackgot，fact（，hope（，，dobt（，news（，rmor（evicole（orde（ecisio（dor（ex，knwede（，law（，opino（，truth（romi（epor（thoug（ee（ruleHewhohasnevertastedwhatisbitterdoesnotknowwhatisSpaceandoceansarethenewworldwhichscientistsaretryingtoItoldthestorytoJohn,whotoldittohisWewishtoexpressoursatisfactionatthistotheSpecialCommittee,whoseactivitiesdeservetobeencouraged.TurnofftheswitchwhenanythinggoeswrongwiththeIdon’tteachbecauseteachingiseasyforTheydidnotcometothehospitalbecausetheywantedtoseeme.Themotordidnotstoprunningbecausethefuelwasfinished.Hedidn’twearacoatbecauseitwasHedidn’t Hedidn’tdie Shedoesn’tdoShedoesn’tdoittherightHedidn’tleavetheparty,becauseJanewasstillI doitnotbecause….Idon’tteachbecauseteachingiseasyforTheydidnotcometothehospitalbecausetheywantedtoseeme.Themotordidnotstoprunningbecausethefuelwasfinished.Hedidn’twearacoatbecauseitwasIdidn’tcallbecauseIlike 20123月PAPERPARTⅣTRANSLATION(30minutes,15Directions:Readthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsinto.WriteyourversionintheproperspaceonyourAnswerSheet.Inordertothinkaboutthepossibilityofascienceofvirtues,wemust,ofcourse,reflectonwhatwemeanbyvirtue.Inthesimplestsensevirtuesaredispositionstoactincertainmorallygoodways.1)Thus,acourageousisdisposedtofacedangerwithoutfleeing,andwewouldbehesitanttocharacterizeascourageoussomeonewhorunsawayfromdanger.Yet,strangelyenough,acharacterizedbycouragemightinsomecircumstancesfleefromdangerwithoutcausingustodoubtthathepossessedthevirtue.And,ontheotherhand,awholackedthevirtueofcouragemightonoccasionfacedangerwithoutfleeing.2)Sometimes,therefore,wewilldiscovernoperfectfitbetweenvirtuouscharacterandadispositiontoactinAlittlebettercharacterizationofvirtuesistothinkofthemassomethinglikeskillsthatweacquirethroughhabituation.Thepitcher(棒球投手)whothrowsalowstrikeovertheoutsidecornerofthetemayjustbelucky.If,however,hecandoittimeaftertime—habitually—hehasacquiredaskill.Virtuesaresomethinglikethat,thoughalsoabitdifferent.3)Theyarenotsimplyskillsthat,liketechnicalcompetence,enableustocarryoutaparticulartaskwithproficiency;rather,theyareskillsthatfitusforlifegenerally.Acquiringvirtuesismorelikelearningtodriveacarthanitislikemerelybeingabletoparallelpark.Drivingrequiresacapacitytorespondinfittingwaystocountlesscircumstancesthatarisealongtheway,notjusttheabilitytocarryoutasinglemaneuver.Thisaccountofvirtuesassomethinglikeskillsmorecloselyapproximatesareasonabledescriptionofwhatwemeanbyvirtue,butevenhabituationcannotbethecompletestory.Itishardforapitcherto eskilled,becausethrowingthatlow,outsidestrikeisinherentlydifficult,nomatterhowbadlyhewantstothrowit.4)Invirtuousaction,however,muchofthedifficultymaycomepreciselyfromwhatwewant,fromourowncontraryinclinations.IfIdeliberaythrowapitchoutsidethestrikezone,thatdoesnotmeanIlackthecapacitytothrowastrike.ButifIdeliberaycheattheopposingteam,Iseemtolackacertainvirtue.5)Thus,virtuesarenotonlyhabitual;theyalsoengage.thewillinawaythatskillsdonot.201110月PAPERPARTⅣTRANSLATION(30minutes,15Directions:Readthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsinto.WriteyourversionintheproperspaceonyourAnswerSheet.Tomostofus,nuclearisanall-or-nothingword.Nuclearwarisunthinkable.Nuclearweaponsmustneverbeused.Nuclearpowerntsmustbeperfectlysafe.(1)Nuclearmeownistheendoftheworld,and"Goingnuclear"meansyou’vehitthefatalbutton,andthere’snoturningThecrisisinJapanisteachingusthatthisisn’ttrue.Nuclearsafety,likenucleardoom,isnevercertain.Toomanythingscangowrong.Andthen,justwhencatastropheseemsinevitable,thingscangoright.(2)Ourchallengeinmanagingthecurrentcrisis,andinpreparingforthenextone,istobroadenouroptions.Wecan’tanticipateorpreventeveryscenario.Butwecangiveourselvesafightingchance.(3)TwodaysagoIspokehighlyofthereactorcontainmentattheFukushimaDaiichi島)powerntforsurvivingtheearthquakeandtsunamithatknockedouttheirprimaryandbackupcoolingsystemEverythingthatcouldgowrongdid,Iwrote.Hourslater,andexplosiondamagedoneofthecontainers.Nowofficialssayasecondcontainermayhaveruptured.TakethatasacorollarytoMurphy’sLaw.(4)Anyonewhosays"Everythingthatcouldgowrongdid"isoverlookingsomethingelsethatcouldgowrong.Noonecouldhavepredictedeverymisfortunethathitthisnt.(5)FirstaquakebiggerthananyquakeinJapan’shistorytookoutthepowergrid.Thenatsunamiarrivedwithunprecedentedspeedandtookoutthebackupdieselgenerators.Anexplosionatonereactorknockedoutfouroffivepumpsatanother.Avalvemalfunctionblockedwaterfrombeingpumpedintooneofthereactors.Gaugesfailed.Instrumentpanelsfailed.Afireeruptedinaspent-fuelstoragepoolinareactorthathadbeenofflineformonths.Wedon’tknowhowthisstorywillturnout.Andthat’sthepoint.Failureisanoption.Sois Directions:ThereisanEnglishPassagebelow.Translateitinto.AndputitonANSWERFormostofhumanhistory,thedominantconcernsaboutenergyhavecenteredonthebenefitside.Inadequacyofenergyresourcesoftheforharvesting,converting,anddistributingthoseresourceshasmeantinsufficientenergybenefitstohumanbeingsandhenceinconvenience,andconstraintsonitsgrowth.The1970’s,then,representedaturningpoint.Energywasseentobegettingcostlierinallrespects.Itbegantobebelievablethatexcessiveenergycostscouldposethreatsonaparwiththoseofinsufficientsupply.Italsobecamepossibletothinkthatexpandingsomeformsofenergysupplycouldcreatecostsexceedingthebenefits.Thecrucialquestionatthebeginningofthe1990’siswhetherthetrendthatbeganinthe1970’swillprovetobetemporaryorpermanent.Istheeraofcheapenergyreallyover,orwillacombinationofnewresources,newtechnologyandchanginggeopoliticsbringitback?Onekeydeterminantoftheansweristhestaggeringscaleofenergydemandbroughtforthby100yearsofpopulationgrowthandindustrialdemand.ExceptforthehugepoolofoilunderlyingtheMiddleEast,thecheapestoilandgasarealreadygone.Evenifafewmoregiantoilfieldsarediscovered,theywillmakelittledifferenceagainstconsumptionontoday’sscale.Oilandgaswillhavetocomeincreasingly,formostcountries,fromdeeperintheearthandfromimportswhosereliabilityandaffordabilitycannotbe PartⅢTranslation71.English-TranslationDirections:TranslatethefollowingintoandwriteyourtranslationonyourAnswerPhysicistsallovertheworld,backin1895,wereprettymuchagreedthatthegreatworkofphysicshadallbeendone.Someofthemmournedpubliclythatnodiscoveriesoftrulymajorimportancewerelikelytobemadeinthefuture.ButthentheydidnotknowthataProfessorRoentgen,workingaloneinamodestlaboratoryinGermany,hadbegunaseriesofexperimentswithacrudeinductioncoil,apear-shapedbulbfromwhichtheairhadbeenremoved,andasheetofpaperpaintedwithcertainmetallicsalts.AndProfessorRoentgendidnotknowthathisworkwasdestinedtorevealaofnature—neverbeforeed—thatwouldalmostovernightrevolutionizemedicineandtechnology,and eainstrumentfordeeperprobingofthestructureofmatter.們中的有些人甚至公開宣稱將來不可能再出現(xiàn)真正有意義的重大發(fā)現(xiàn)了。但是，那時(shí)他們還不知道，在德國一間小小的里，一位名叫的教授已經(jīng)開始了對粗糙的電磁感應(yīng)線圈、一個被抽走空氣的梨形鱗莖狀物和一張涂抹了某種量，而這種力量是人們從未料想到的。它幾乎在之間引起了醫(yī)學(xué)和技術(shù)領(lǐng)域的，成為一種深入探測物質(zhì)內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu)的工具。Cellphonehasaltered/changedtherelationshipamong昨天看沒買到好票Ididnotbuyagoodseatforyesterday’sThenationalkeyuniversityhascultivatedbatchesofqualifiedgraduatesfortheTheteacherhaspromisedtogivethesestudentsspecialIwasverygladtohavereceivedyourBeforehandinginyourtranslation,youhavetoreaditoverandoveragainandseeifthereisanythinginittobecorrectedorimproved.Ifyougivehimaninch,hewilltakeaally,IwouldchooseafamousuniversitywhereIthinkIcanenjoytheexcellentteachingresources.Afterhisfriendsheardabouthisfamilydifficulties,theyofferedhimahelWemustputanendtowasteinourNoviolationofthisprinciplecanbeWearedeeplyconcernedatthenewsthatyourcountryhasbeenstruckbyanHeisforthesuggestion,butI’magainstItrainsalotinthisarea.ThisareaseesmuchThereismuchraininthisItisyourconcernwhetheryoubelievemeorItisdiligencethatmakesupfor2.Aslongastheyareliving,theyalwaysworkandstudyashardaspossible,unwillingtodreamtheirlifeaway,letalonewasteevenasinglemomentoftheirlives.Weshouldn’tbetooromanticaboutinteralFishingisanoutdoorsportthatcanhelpcultivateourtemperamentanditisgoodforourmentalandphysicalhealth.Iboughtapairoftrousersattheexpenseof50yuanintheDepartmentStoreDongfengSquareat3o’clockyesterday兩種處理方法：1.AisBAdoesAisB+AdoesTheAsianeconomyisamajorcomponentoftheworldeconomy.Therapideconomicgrowthinstilledvitalityintotheworldeconomyandhasopenedvastmarketsforinternationaltradeandinvestment.Asia,amajorcomponentoftheworldeconomy,haswitnessedrobusteconomicgrowthwhichhasinturninstilledvitalityintotheworldeconomyandhasopenedvastmarketsforinternationaltradeandinvestment.Thecentralisoftheopinionthatthesereformsshouldbecarriedoutandshouldbe Thecentralisoftheopinionthatthesereformsshouldbecarriedoutstepbystepaccordingtotheinherentconnectionsbetweenthevariouslinksofthenationaleconomyaswellasthedegreeofripeningofthesubjectiveandobjectiveconditionsandintherightorderofimportance,urgencyandfeasibility,andthattheyshouldbasicallybe plishedinfiveyears.1.原序?qū)ψg（順譯法Everyonehopestohavehisownprivatespace,andtoocasualrelationshipamongfriendswillmisleadthemtoinvadethispieceofrestrictedareas,resultinginandalienation.HardlyanyofthemcarestolookupandthrowsaglanceatthebeautifulTolearn,actually,istoexperiencetheindispensablepainandthosewhocannotenduresuchpaincannotsucceed.大家走到一起，談?wù)摰囊粋€重要話題就是中華民族在21世紀(jì)的強(qiáng)盛。Thecurrentvisittoforexchange,briefandcursoryasitis,hasenabledustoseemanycesandtovisitoldfriendswhilemakingnewacquaintances.Animportanttopicfordiscussingatourgatheringwastheprosperityofnationinthe21sthSectionB:TranslatethefollowingpassageintoSectionB:TranslatethefollowingpassageintoWithagoodmomentumatpresent,oilan