2023學(xué)年完整公開課版Glycolysis1

糖酵解Glycolysis(English)Welldoneonyourmid-semestertestsYouaregettingbetterandbettereveryweekTestresultsWelldoneeveryoneListening:HealthyCarboxylSucroseCellmembranesEssential

DelicacyWordassociation單詞關(guān)聯(lián)WriteonewordEG-BananaWriteawordthatisconnected-MonkeyEGBanana,monkey,tree,forest,earth寫一個詞EG-香蕉寫一個關(guān)聯(lián)詞-猴子EG香蕉，猴子，樹，森林，地球Speakingtime現(xiàn)在我們來說一下一次一個學(xué)生Nowlet'sspeakconnectedwordsonebyoneDescribethewordChooseonewordfromtheboardandtellmeaboutit.Whatdoesitmean？Everystudentmustchooseoneword從黑板上選擇一個字，并告訴我。這是什么意思？每個學(xué)生都要選一個詞THISWEEKGLYCOLYSIS糖酵解Reviewlastweek

Brainstorm頭腦風(fēng)暴你對糖酵解有什么了解Whatdoyouknowaboutglycolysis?Metabolism代謝Metabolism(breakdown)Metabolismconvertsfoodto

energy代謝將食物轉(zhuǎn)化為能量Foodismetabolisedintomacromolecules,thenintosmallermolcules食物代謝先生成大分子，然后生成更小的分子Whatarethe4macromolecules?Metabolicpathways代謝途徑Metabolicpathwaysbreakdownfoodintoenergy代謝途徑將食物轉(zhuǎn)化為能量Carbohydrates,lipidsandfatshavedifferentpathways它們有不同的代謝途徑

Fattyacidsandaminoacidscanentertheglycolyticpathway

脂肪酸和氨基酸可以進(jìn)入糖酵解途徑Metabolicenzymes代謝酶Catalyse催化

meanstospeedupEnzymescatalysereactions酶催化反應(yīng)Forexample:Hexokinase

convertsglucosetoglucose-6-phosphate己糖激酶將葡萄糖轉(zhuǎn)化為葡萄糖-6-磷酸-ase=anenzyme酶Glycolysis糖酵解

Gycolysisisametabolicpathway糖酵解是一個代謝途徑Glycolysis糖酵解

converts轉(zhuǎn)化glucose葡萄糖

C6H12O6,intopyruvate丙酮酸Glycolysis

involves10differentenzymes糖酵解涉及10種不同的酶Enzymeshavethe-asesuffix后綴酶有-ase后綴Glycolysishas3stages階段Astage階段Eachstagehassteps每個階段有若干不同反應(yīng)步驟Earlysteps

consume

energy消費(fèi)能量Laterstepsgiveoffenergy釋放能量Glucoseuptake葡萄糖攝取

Glucoseentersourbloodstreamfromthesmallintestine

葡萄糖從小腸進(jìn)入血液Glucoseentersthecellthroughtransporters葡萄糖通過轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)蛋白進(jìn)入細(xì)胞Acell細(xì)胞Acellisthebasicunitofmicrobes

細(xì)胞是微生物的基本單位Outsidethecell=extracellular

細(xì)胞外Insidethecell=intracellular

細(xì)胞內(nèi)Wheredoesithappen?

發(fā)生在哪里Mostorganismsuseglycolysistometabolizeglucose

大部分生物用糖酵解代謝葡萄糖Anaerobicglycolysisoccursinthecytosol無氧糖酵解發(fā)生在細(xì)胞溶質(zhì)Thereare3

stagesand10stepsintotal糖酵解有三個階段和十步反應(yīng)ATP三磷酸腺苷

ATP(Adenosinetriphosphate)isanenergymoleculeATP（三磷酸腺苷）是一個能量分子ATPisbrokendowntomakeADPATP被分解成ADPPracticesentencesATPis...............tomakeADPMost..........use............tometabolizeglucoseInsidethecell=............TranslationpracticeATP（三磷酸腺苷）是一個能量分子糖酵解是一個代謝途徑代謝將食物轉(zhuǎn)化為能量糖酵解發(fā)生在細(xì)胞溶質(zhì)復(fù)習(xí)段我們利用代謝途徑將食物轉(zhuǎn)化為ATP形式的能量。新陳代謝中的酶能夠催化反應(yīng)。糖酵解將葡萄糖轉(zhuǎn)化為丙酮酸。糖酵解過程有3個階段和10個反應(yīng)步驟。ReviewparagraphWeusemetabolicpathwaystoconvertfoodintoenergyintheformofATP.Metabolicenzymeshelpcatalysereactions.

Glycolysis

convertsglucosetopyruvate.Thereare3stagesand10stepsinglycolysis.Aerobicglycolysis有氧糖酵解Aerobicmeanswithoxygen有氧PyruvatecanbecompletelyoxidisedtoATP丙酮酸能完全氧化ATPAerobicglycolysisoccursinthemitochondria有氧糖酵解發(fā)生在線粒體中ThereishigherATPyieldATP產(chǎn)量較高Example:Humansjogging人慢跑Anaerobicglycolysis

無氧糖酵解Anaerobicmeansnooxygen無氧An=無Pyruvatecanbeconvertedtolactateorethanol丙酮酸能轉(zhuǎn)化乳酸或乙醇Anaerobicglycolysisoccursinthecytosol無氧糖酵解發(fā)生在細(xì)胞質(zhì)中Example:Humanssprinting人快跑GlycolysishasstagesAstage階段Eachstagehassteps每個階段有步驟Earlysteps

consumeenergy

消費(fèi)能量Laterstepsgiveoffenergy釋放能量Stage1第一階段Glucoseisconvertedtofructose1,6biphosphate葡萄糖轉(zhuǎn)化果糖1,6二磷酸鹽Thereare3differentstepsinstage1階段1有3個不同的步驟Thisstageconsumes2ATP

這段消費(fèi)兩個ATP

ATP->ADPStage2第二階段Fructose1,6biphosphateiscleaved切into2differentproducts不同的生產(chǎn)物Cleave=cut切

Thereare2steps兩步驟

instage2Stage3-Payoffstage第三階段

獲得更多的能量Payoffmeanstogetsomething

能量釋放Instage3energyisreleased釋放能量在階段3能量釋放ThecellcanbreakdowntheATPtoreleaseenergy細(xì)胞可以分解ATP釋放能量Overallreaction:Glycolysis

總反應(yīng)：糖酵解Glucoseisconvertedinto2pyruvatemolecules+2ATP+2NADH+2H+

（hydrogenions)Thesubstrateofglycolysisisglucose糖酵解的底物是葡萄糖Theproductsofglycolysisare2pyruvatemolecules,2ATP,2NADHand2H+糖酵解產(chǎn)物是兩分子丙酮酸,兩分子ATP，兩分子NADH，兩個氫離子

TranslationpracticeAnaerobicglycolysisoccursinthecytosol無氧糖酵解發(fā)生在細(xì)胞質(zhì)中糖酵解產(chǎn)物是兩分子丙酮酸,兩分子ATP，兩分子NADH，兩個氫離子

細(xì)胞可以分解ATP釋放能量復(fù)習(xí)段無氧糖酵解發(fā)生在細(xì)胞質(zhì)中。有氧糖酵解發(fā)生在線粒體中。糖酵解的早期步驟消耗能量（2ATP），但后面的步驟產(chǎn)生（4ATP）能量。糖酵解的最終產(chǎn)物是2ATP+2NADH+2H++2丙酮酸分子ReviewparagraphAnaerobicglycolysiso