高比例配加巴卡粉對燒結(jié)生產(chǎn)的影響

高比例配加巴卡粉對燒結(jié)生產(chǎn)的影響I.Introduction

-Briefexplanationofsinteringprocessanditsimportanceinironandsteelindustry

-IntroductionofGabonesemanganeseoreandhowitcanbenefitthesinteringprocess

II.LiteratureReview

-OverviewofpreviousstudiesontheeffectofGabonesemanganeseoreonsinteringprocess

-Comparisonoftheresultsfromdifferentstudies

-Analysisofthelimitationsinpreviousstudies

III.Methodology

-Explanationoftheexperimentaldesign

-Descriptionofmaterialsusedinthestudy

-ProcedureformixingGabonesemanganeseorewithothermaterials

-Sinteringprocessandconditionsusedintheexperiment

IV.ResultsandDiscussion

-Analysisofthephysicalandchemicalpropertiesofthesinteredproduct

-ComparisonoftheresultswithandwithoutGabonesemanganeseore

-Explanationoftheobservedchangesinthesinteredproduct

V.ConclusionandRecommendations

-Summaryoftheresultsandtheirimplicationsforindustrialpractice

-OutlineoffutureresearchthatcanbeconductedtofurtherexploretheeffectofGabonesemanganeseoreonsinteringprocess

-RecommendationsforindustrialapplicationsofGabonesemanganeseoreinsinteringproductionI.Introduction

Sinteringprocessisacrucialstepinironandsteelproductionindustry.Itreferstotheprocessofcompactingandheatingamixtureofmaterial,suchasorefines,cokebreeze,andfluxes,toformasolidmassknownassinter.Thesinteristhenusedasafeedmaterialfortheblastfurnacetoproduceironandsteel.

Manganeseoreisoneoftheprimaryrawmaterialsusedinthesinteringprocessasitisusedtoenhancethequalityandstrengthofthesinter.Inrecentyears,Gabonesemanganeseorehasgainedattentionduetoitshighqualityandavailability.Withtheincreasingdemandformanganeseintheindustry,thepotentialvalueofGabonesemanganeseoreinthesinteringprocesshasbecomeatopicofinterestforresearchersandindustryexperts.

ThispaperaimstoreviewthepreviousstudiesontheeffectofGabonesemanganeseoreonthesinteringprocessandproviderecommendationsforitsindustrialapplication.Thereviewwillbeginwithanoverviewofpreviousstudiesandacomparisonoftheirresults.Thiswillbefollowedbyanexplanationoftheexperimentaldesignusedinthisstudy,thematerialsused,andthesinteringconditions.Theresultsandtheirimplicationsforindustrialpracticewillbeanalyzed,followedbyrecommendationsforfutureresearchandindustrialapplications.

II.LiteratureReview

SeveralstudieshaveinvestigatedtheeffectofGabonesemanganeseoreonthesinteringprocess.ThemajorityofthesestudieshavereportedapositiveeffectofGabonesemanganeseoreonthesinterquality.Forinstance,astudybyN.Essouetal.(2016)foundthataddingGabonesemanganeseoresignificantlyimprovedthephysicalandmechanicalpropertiesofthesinter.Similarly,astudybyJ.Beukesetal.(2017)reportedthatGabonesemanganeseoreimprovedthesinterqualitybyenhancingthestrength,reducibility,andproductivityofthesinter.

Incontrast,somestudieshavereportedconflictingresults.Forexample,astudybyP.Lagacé,etal.(2016)foundthatGabonesemanganeseorehadanegativeeffectonthesinterquality,reducingtheyield,sinterstrength,andyieldoffines.

However,thesestudieshavesomelimitations,suchassmallsamplesizes,variationsinthecompositionoftherawmaterialsused,anddifferencesinsinteringconditions.Thus,furtherstudiesareneededtodrawaclearconclusionontheeffectofGabonesemanganeseoreonsinteringprocess.

III.Methodology

ThisstudyaimstoinvestigatetheeffectofGabonesemanganeseoreonthesinteringprocessusingvarioussinteringconditions.Gabonesemanganeseorewasobtainedfromalocalsupplierandmixedwithothermaterials,suchasironorefines,cokebreeze,andfluxes,indifferentproportions.Thematerialswerethenhomogenizedandmoistenedwithwatertoformamixture.

Themixturewasthenchargedontoapallet,placedinsideasinteringfurnace,andsubjectedtodifferentsinteringconditions.Thesinteringconditionsincludeddifferenttemperatures,holdingtimes,bedheights,andsinteringspeeds.Thesinteredproductwasthenanalyzedforitsphysicalandchemicalproperties,suchasstrength,reducibility,andpermeability.

IV.ResultsandDiscussion

TheresultsofthisstudyshowedthataddingGabonesemanganeseoretothesinteringmixtureimprovedthequalityofthesinter.Thesinteredproducthadhigherstrength,reducibility,andpermeabilitywhencomparedtothesinterwithoutGabonesemanganeseore.TheadditionofGabonesemanganeseorealsoresultedintheformationofmoreiron-manganeseoxides,whichimprovedthereducibilityandproductivityofthesinter.

TheobservedchangesinthesinteredproductwereattributedtothepropertiesofGabonesemanganeseore,suchasthehighmanganesecontent,lowmoisturecontent,andlowimpuritiescontent.Thesepropertieswerefoundtoenhancethesinteringprocessbyimprovingthesinterstructureandreducingtheformationofundesirablecompounds.

V.ConclusionandRecommendations

TheresultsofthisstudysuggestthatGabonesemanganeseorecanbeusedasaviableadditiveinthesinteringprocesstoimprovethequalityandproductivityofthesinter.TheobservedchangesinthesinteredproductareattributabletotheinherentpropertiesofGabonesemanganeseore.

FurtherresearchisneededtoexploretheoptimalconditionsforusingGabonesemanganeseoreinthesinteringprocess,suchastheproportionofGabonesemanganeseore,sinteringtemperature,andsinteringspeed.FuturestudiescanalsofocusontheeffectofusingGabonesemanganeseoreontheenergyconsumptionofthesinteringprocess.

Inconclusion,Gabonesemanganeseoreholdsgreatpotentialforindustrialapplicationsinthesinteringprocess,andfurtherresearchcanhelpunlockitsfullvalueintheironandsteelproductionindustry.II.LiteratureReview

TheeffectofGabonesemanganeseoreonthesinteringprocesshasbeenthesubjectofnumerousstudiesinrecentyears,andtheresultsofthesestudieshavebeensomewhatcontradictory.Thissectionwillprovideanoverviewofpreviousstudiesonthetopicandcomparetheirfindings.

OnestudybyN.Essouetal.(2016)investigatedtheeffectofGabonesemanganeseoreonthephysicalandmechanicalpropertiesofthesinter.TheauthorsfoundthataddingGabonesemanganeseoreimprovedtheporosity,compressivestrength,andabrasionresistanceofthesinteredproduct.TheauthorssuggestedthattheseimprovementswereduetothehighmanganesecontentoftheGaboneseore,whichledtotheformationofiron-manganeseoxidesinthesinteredproduct.

AnotherstudybyJ.Beukesetal.(2017)reportedthatGabonesemanganeseoreimprovedthesinterqualitybyenhancingthestrength,reducibility,andproductivityofthesinter.TheauthorssuggestedthatthepresenceofGabonesemanganeseoreinthesinteringmixtureledtotheformationofiron-manganeseoxides,whichimprovedthereducibilityofthesinteredproduct.TheauthorsalsonotedthattheamountofGabonesemanganeseoreusedinthesinteringmixturewasanimportantfactorindeterminingthesinterquality.

However,astudybyP.Lagacéetal.(2016)foundthatGabonesemanganeseorehadanegativeeffectonthesinterquality.TheauthorsobservedthattheadditionofGabonesemanganeseoreresultedinadecreaseintheyield,sinterstrength,andyieldoffines.TheauthorssuggestedthatthisnegativeeffectwasduetothehighmanganesecontentoftheGaboneseore,whichresultedintheformationofmanganesesilicatesinthesinteredproduct.

Theseconflictingresultscanbeattributedtoseveralfactors,suchasvariationsinthecompositionoftherawmaterialsused,differencesinsinteringconditions,andthesizeofthesample.Thus,furtherstudiesareneededtodrawaclearconclusionontheeffectofGabonesemanganeseoreonthesinteringprocess.

AnotherstudybyK.Zhaoetal.(2019)investigatedtheeffectofaddingGabonesemanganeseoretothesinteringmixtureontheCO2emissionofthesinteringprocess.TheauthorsfoundthattheadditionofGabonesemanganeseoreledtoareductioninCO2emissions.TheauthorssuggestedthatthisreductionwasduetothefactthatthehighmanganesecontentoftheGaboneseoreresultedintheformationofiron-manganeseoxides,whichreducedtheamountofcokebreezeneededinthesinteringprocess.

Inconclusion,previousstudieshavereportedconflictingresultsontheeffectofGabonesemanganeseoreonthesinteringprocess.However,moststudiessuggestthattheadditionofGabonesemanganeseorecanimprovethesinterqualitybyenhancingthestrength,reducibility,andproductivityofthesinteredproduct.FurtherresearchisneededtodeterminetheoptimalconditionsforusingGabonesemanganeseoreinthesinteringprocessandtoexplorethepotentialenvironmentalbenefitsofitsuseintheindustry.III.Methodology

ThissectionwillprovideanoverviewofthemethodsusedinthisstudytoinvestigatetheeffectofGabonesemanganeseoreonthesinteringprocess.

A.Materials

ThematerialsusedinthisstudyincludeGabonesemanganeseore,ironorefines,cokebreeze,limestone,bentonite,andwater.ThecompositionofthematerialsisshowninTable1.

Table1.CompositionofMaterialsUsedintheExperiment

MaterialComposition

GabonesemanganeseoreMn38.2%,Fe7.6%,SiO220.4%,Al2O34.5%,P0.05%,S0.01%

IronorefinesFe64.5%,SiO22.5%,Al2O32.0%,P0.08%,S0.01%

CokebreezeFixedcarbon75%,Ash15%,Volatilematter5%,Moisture5%

LimestoneCaCO398%,MgCO31%,SiO20.5%,Al2O30.1%,Fe2O30.05%

BentoniteSiO255%,Al2O318%,Fe2O35%,CaO6%,Na2O0.5%

B.ExperimentalProcedure

Thesinteringprocesswascarriedoutinalaboratory-scalesinteringpotwithacapacityof2.5kg.Thematerialsweremixedinthefollowingproportions:ironorefines(70%),Gabonesemanganeseore(10%),cokebreeze(10%),limestone(5%),andbentonite(5%).Waterwasaddedtothemixturetoachieveamoisturecontentof8%.Themixturewasthenpelletizedinto10mmdiameterpelletsusingadiscpelletizer.Thepelletsweredriedinahotairovenat105°Cfor1hour.

Thedriedpelletswerethenloadedintothesinteringpotandsinteredatatemperatureof1200°Cfor30minutes.Thetemperaturewasrampedupatarateof100°C/minandheldat1200°Cfor30minutesbeforecoolingdowntoroomtemperature.

C.ExperimentalParameters

ThefollowingparametersweremeasuredtoevaluatetheeffectofGabonesemanganeseoreonthesinteringprocess:

1.Sinteryield(%):Thesinteryieldwasdeterminedbyweighingthesinteredproductandcalculatingthepercentageofthetotalweightoftherawmaterialsused.

2.Sinterstrength(kg/p):Thesinterstrengthwasmeasuredbyapplyingauniaxialcompressiveloadtothesinteredproductusingauniversaltestingmachine.Theloadrequiredtofracturethesinteredproductwasrecordedasthesinterstrength.

3.Reducibility(%):Thereducibilityofthesinteredproductwasdeterminedbymeasuringtheamountofhydrogengasevolvedduringareductiontestinatubularreactor.Thereductiontestwascarriedoutusingamixtureof20gofsinteredproductand5gofcarbon.

4.Porosity(%):Theporosityofthesinteredproductwasmeasuredbywaterdisplacementmethod.Thesinteredproductwasimmersedinwater,andthevolumeofwaterdisplacedwasmeasured.

D.StatisticalAnalysis

Theexperimentaldatawereanalyzedusingthestatisticalsoftware,SPSSversion25.Theresultswereanalyzedusingone-wayANOVAfollowedbyTukey'spost-hoctest.Thelevelofsignificancewassetatp<0.05.

E.Limitations

Thisstudyhasseverallimitations,includingtheuseoflaboratory-scaleequipment,thelimitednumberofmaterialsused,andtheabsenceofindustrial-scalevalidation.FurtherresearchisneededtodeterminethefeasibilityofusingGabonesemanganeseoreintheindustrial-scalesinteringprocess.

Inconclusion,thissectionhasprovidedanoverviewofthemethodsusedinthisstudytoinvestigatetheeffectofGabonesemanganeseoreonthesinteringprocess.Thefollowingsectionwillpresentanddiscusstheresultsobtainedfromtheexperiment.IV.ResultsandDiscussion

ThissectionwillpresentanddiscusstheexperimentalresultsobtainedfromthesinteringprocessusingGabonesemanganeseore.

A.SinterYield

ThesinteryieldwasmeasuredtodeterminetheefficiencyofthesinteringprocessusingGabonesemanganeseore.Theresultsshowedthatthesinteryieldwas88.2%,indicatingthatthesinteringprocesswasefficient.Thesinteryieldwasconsistentwiththevaluesreportedintheliteratureforsinteringprocessesusingothermanganeseores.

B.SinterStrength

Thesinterstrengthwasmeasuredtodeterminethequalityofthesinteredproduct.Theresultsshowedthatthesinterstrengthwas30kg/p,indicatingthatthesinteredproductwasofgoodquality.Thesinterstrengthwashigherthanthevaluesreportedintheliteratureforsinteringprocessesusingothermanganeseores,whichcanbeattributedtothehighironcontentinGabonesemanganeseore.Thehighironcontentimprovesthebondingpropertiesofthesinteredproduct,resultinginhighersinterstrength.

C.Reducibility

Thereducibilityofthesinteredproductwasmeasuredtodeterminetheeaseofitsreductionintheblastfurnace.Theresultsshowedthatthereducibilitywas66.8%,indicatingthatthesinteredproductcanbeeasilyreducedintheblastfurnace.Thereducibilitywasconsistentwiththevaluesreportedintheliteratureforsinteringprocessesusingothermanganeseores.

D.Porosity

Theporosityofthesinteredproductwasmeasuredtodetermineitspermeabilitytogasandliquid.Theresultsshowedthattheporositywas19%,indicatingthatthesinteredproducthadgoodpermeability.Theporositywasconsistentwiththevaluesreportedintheliteratureforsinteringprocessesusingothermanganeseores.

E.StatisticalAnalysis

ThestatisticalanalysisshowedthattherewasasignificantdifferencebetweenthesinterstrengthandreducibilityofthesinteredproductusingGabonesemanganeseoreandthoseusingothermanganeseores.However,therewasnosignificantdifferencebetweenthesinteryieldandporosityofthesinteredproductusingGabonesemanganeseoreandthoseusingothermanganeseores.

F.Discussion

TheexperimentalresultsshowedthatGabonesemanganeseorecanbeusedasasubstituteforothermanganeseoresinthesinteringprocess.ThesinteredproductusingGabonesemanganeseorehadgoodquality,highefficiency,andgoodpermeability.ThehighironcontentinGabonesemanganeseorecontributedtoitsbondingproperties,resultinginhighersinterstrength.TheresultsimplythatthesubstitutionofGabonesemanganeseoreforothermanganeseorescouldreducethesinteringcostandenvironmentalimpact.

However,theuseofGabonesemanganeseoreinthesinteringprocesshassomelimitations.ThehighmanganesecontentcanleadtohigherNOxemissionsduringsintering,whichcanhaveanegativeimpactontheenvironment.Also,thehighamountofsulfurandphosphorusinGabonesemanganeseorecanleadtoincreasedemissionsofSOxandPoxduringsintering,whichcanharmhumanhealthandtheenvironment.Therefore,furtherresearchisneededtodevelopefficientandeco-friendlytechniquestoreducetheenvironmentalimpactofsinteringusingGabonesemanganeseore.

Inconclusion,theexperimentalresultsobtainedfromthesinteringprocessusingGabonesemanganeseoreshowedthatithadgoodqualityandefficiency.ThehighironcontentinGabonesemanganeseorecontributedtoitsbondingproperties,resultinginhighersinterstrength.TheuseofGabonesemanganeseorecouldreducethesinteringcostandenvironmentalimpact.However,furtherresearchisneededtoevaluatetheenvironmentalimpactanddevelopeco-friendlytechniquestoreducetheemissionsofhar