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大學(xué)英語(yǔ)自學(xué)教程(上冊(cè))串講
Unitone:
TextA:HowtoBeaSuccessfulLanguageLearner?
I.NewWords:
1.successful:a成功的;
succeedv:succeedindoingsomething做某事成功;
successn;successfullyad(*)
a.Shewishedhimsuccess_inhisnewjob.
b.Wereyousuccessfulinfindinganewhouse?
c.Ifinishedmytrainingsuccessfully.
d.Hesucceedsinfindingagoodjob.
2.disagree:vdisagreewithsomebody(與某人有分歧,意見(jiàn)不一致),
ndisagreement,adisagreeable;反義詞:agree,agreement,agreeable
e.g.Ialwaysdisagreewithhim.
3.guarantee:n/v保證、擔(dān)保、保修
e.g.1>.Thewatchhasatwo-yearguarantee,(n保修)
2>.TheTVsetisguaranteedforoneyear,(v保修)
4.intelligent:a聰明的、明智的,nintelligence聰明、智慧
5.conversely:ad相反地,conversea相反的
6.similar:a相似的、類似的,短語(yǔ)besimilartosth/sbinsth(*)
e.g.Sheissimilarintemper('性'情、脾氣)tohermother.
7.independent:a獨(dú)立的、自主的,independencen獨(dú)立、自主、自立,(*)
字根:depend(v):依靠、依賴,dependon/upon
dependence:n信賴、信任、依靠;dependent:a依靠的、需要支持的
a.Whenyoubegintomakemoneyyoucanlivealifeofindependence.
b.Childrendependontheirparentsforfood.
c.Idon,twanttobedependentonmyparents,becauseIamanadult.
8.clue:n線索、提示,常用短語(yǔ):cluetosomething
9.adult:n成年人;a成年的、成熟的
a.Shecandoitherself,forsheisanadultnow.
b.Hisbehaviorisn'tadult.
10.conclusion:n結(jié)論、推論;vconclude,decidev決定,decisionn決定、決心
11.communicate:v交流、通訊、傳播,習(xí)語(yǔ):
①communicatesthtosb:傳播某事給某人;
②communicatewithsb:同某人交流
名詞:communication:acommunicationsatellite通訊衛(wèi)星;
acommunicationnetwork通訊網(wǎng),telecommunication:電訊、電信,
Chinatelecommunication中國(guó)電信
12.inexact:a不正確的,反義詞:exact
incomplete:a不完整的,反義詞:complete
13.purpose:n目的、意圖,purposeful:a有目的的,蓄意的,
purposefully:ad有目的地、蓄意地(*)
a.Hewasaclevermanwhoseeverywordwaspurposeful.
b.Weshouldusethelanguagepurposefully.
c.Shediditonpurpose.
14.regularly:ad經(jīng)常地、定期地,
regular:a定期的
15.technique:n技術(shù)、技巧,
16.outline:v概括;n輪廓、大綱
a.Youshouldoutlinethestorybeforeyouwriteit.
b.Youcanseetheoutlineofherfaceinthelightofthecandle.
II.Intensivereading:
1.Mostadultswhoarelearningasecondlanguagewoulddisagreewiththisstatement.
大多數(shù)學(xué)習(xí)第二語(yǔ)言的成年人會(huì)不同意這種說(shuō)法的。
①本句主語(yǔ)為:Mostadultswhoarelearningasecondlanguage;謂語(yǔ)為:woulddisagree
with;賓語(yǔ)為:thisstatement
②主語(yǔ)中包含有一個(gè)語(yǔ)法點(diǎn),定語(yǔ)從句。這是英語(yǔ)中一個(gè)非常重要的語(yǔ)法點(diǎn).顧名思義,定語(yǔ)從句
應(yīng)該在整個(gè)句中做定語(yǔ),請(qǐng)對(duì)比如下兩句:Heboughtaninterestingbook.(定語(yǔ))/Heboughta
bookwhichisinteresting.(定語(yǔ)從句)。具體介紹該語(yǔ)法點(diǎn):
修飾名詞或代詞的從句稱為定語(yǔ)從句。被定語(yǔ)從句修飾的名詞或代詞叫做先行詞。定語(yǔ)從句必須
放在先行詞后面,它需由關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)。
通常引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞有:who,whom,(一般指人),which(一般指物),whose,
that(人、物均可).關(guān)系副詞有:when(時(shí)間),where(地點(diǎn)),why(原因)。不管是關(guān)系代詞還是副詞引
導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句時(shí),要在定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)句子成分。上句中的whoarelearningasecondlanguage修飾
先行詞mostadults,who是關(guān)系代詞,在從句中作主語(yǔ)。下面我們一起來(lái)看另兒個(gè)例句:仔細(xì)聽(tīng)我的
分析!
a.Themanwho/thatwillgiveusatalkhascome.
b.IknowaladywhosehusbandisaNobelprizewinner.
c.She,sthegirlwho/whom/thatImetattheparty.
d.Iliveintheroomwhosewindowfacessouth.
e.Didyoufindthebikethat/whichyoulost?
③would此時(shí)為助動(dòng)詞,表示“可能,將會(huì)”。
④需掌握的短語(yǔ):disagreewithsbabout/onsth
e.g.Hedisagreeswithhiswifeabouttheeducationoftheirson.
2.Theyneedhundredsofhoursofstudyandpractice***
hundredsof:幾百,當(dāng)hundred,thousand,million用作不確定數(shù)目時(shí),需用復(fù)數(shù)形式,并加介
詞of;當(dāng)它們用作確定的數(shù)目時(shí),不用復(fù)數(shù)形式。
e.g.fivehundredpeople;hundredsofpeople
3.Languagelearningisdifferentfromotherkindsoflearning.
譯:語(yǔ)言學(xué)習(xí)不同于其他種類的學(xué)習(xí)。短語(yǔ):bedifferentfrom:與…不同
4.Somepeoplewhoareveryintelligentandsuccessfulintheirfieldsfindit
difficulttosucceedinlanguagelearning.(*)
譯:有些人很聰明,在他們自己的專業(yè)領(lǐng)域很有成就,但發(fā)現(xiàn)很難成功地學(xué)習(xí)語(yǔ)言。
①本句主語(yǔ)Somepeoplewhoareveryintelligentandsuccessfulintheirfields,謂語(yǔ)
find,賓語(yǔ)difficulttosucceedinlanguagelearning,it語(yǔ)法上稱作形式賓語(yǔ):當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)較長(zhǎng)時(shí),
常將它移后在空出的位置上用it代替。
②包含定語(yǔ)從句whoareveryintelligentandsuccessfulintheirfields,修飾先行詞
somepeople,who在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)。
③需掌握的習(xí)語(yǔ):beintelligentandsuccessfulinone'sfield;
succeedinsth/doingsth
5.Conversely,somepeoplewhoareverysuccessfullanguagelearnersfinditdifficult
tosucceedinotherfields.(相反地??,)
這句話意思和結(jié)構(gòu)與上句相似,口頭分析。
6.Languagelearningresearchshowsthatsuccessfullanguagelearnersaresimilarin
manyways.(*)
譯:語(yǔ)言學(xué)習(xí)研究顯示成功的語(yǔ)言學(xué)習(xí)者在許多方面都是相似的。
①本句主語(yǔ)Languagelearningresearch;謂語(yǔ):shows;賓語(yǔ):that引導(dǎo)一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句。在賓
語(yǔ)從句中successfullanguagelearners是主語(yǔ);are是系動(dòng)詞;similarinmanyways是表語(yǔ)
②重要短語(yǔ)besimilar(tosb/sth)insth在…方面與某人/某事相似
7.Insteadofwaitingfortheteacherstoexplain,theytrytofindthepatternsand
therulesforthemselves.(*)
譯:不是等這老師解釋,而是自己努力去發(fā)現(xiàn)各種句型和規(guī)則。
①I(mǎi)nsteadofwaitingfortheteacherstoexplain,介詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ),主語(yǔ):they;謂語(yǔ):
trytofind;賓語(yǔ):thepatternsandtherulesforthemselves
②介詞of后的動(dòng)詞要用動(dòng)名詞waiting
③短語(yǔ):insteadofsth;waitforsbtodosth;trytodosth;
8.Theyfindpeoplewhospeakthelanguageandtheyaskthesepeopletocorrectthem
whentheymakeamistake.(*)
譯:他們尋找說(shuō)這種語(yǔ)言的人,當(dāng)他們說(shuō)錯(cuò)時(shí)就請(qǐng)這些人幫助指正。
①這是一個(gè)由and連接的并列句,其中有一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句whospeakthelanguage,修飾先行詞
people;有一個(gè)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句whentheymakeamistake
②correct:v指正、糾正,短語(yǔ):makeamistake犯錯(cuò)誤
9.Theyarenotafraidtorepeatwhattheyhearortosaystrangethings.
譯:他們不害怕重復(fù)他們聽(tīng)到的或說(shuō)一些奇怪的東西。
①whattheyhear是repeat的賓語(yǔ)從句
②afraid的用法:beafraidofsth;beafraidtodosth;beafraidthat從句
a.Sheisafraidtogooutaloneatnight.
b.Iamafraidofsnake.
c.He,safraidthathe'11belateforclass.
10.Whencommunicationisdifficult,theycanacceptinformationthatisinexactor
incomplete.
譯:當(dāng)交流困難時(shí),他們會(huì)接受不準(zhǔn)確或不完整的信息。
本句中包含一1個(gè)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句Whencommunicationisdifficult,一1個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句thatis
inexactorincomplete,修飾先行詞information,在從句中that作主語(yǔ)。
11.It,smoreimportantforthemtolearntothinkinthelanguagethantoknowthe
meaningofeveryword.(*)
譯:對(duì)他們來(lái)說(shuō),學(xué)會(huì)用所學(xué)的語(yǔ)言來(lái)思考比學(xué)會(huì)每個(gè)單詞的意思更重要。
①it作形式主語(yǔ),真正主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)詞不定式tolearntothinkinthelanguage.原句語(yǔ)序應(yīng)是:
Forthemtolearntothinkinthelanguageismoreimportantthantoknowthemeaningof
everyword.
用形式主語(yǔ)的目的是因?yàn)椴欢ㄊ阶髦髡Z(yǔ)太長(zhǎng),為避免句子頭重腳輕,用it代替真正的主語(yǔ)。
e.g.FormanypeopletolearnEnglishwellisverydifficult.
二It'sverydifficultformanypeopletolearnEnglishwell
②短語(yǔ):learntodosth學(xué)會(huì)做…;moreimportantthan…更重要
12.It'snecessaryforthemtolearnthelanguageinordertocommunicatewiththese
peopleandtolearnfromthem.
=Forthemtolearnthelanguageinordertocommunicatewiththesepeopleandto
learnfromthemarenecessary
譯:對(duì)他們來(lái)說(shuō),學(xué)會(huì)這種語(yǔ)言以便同這些人交流并向他們學(xué)習(xí)是非常必要的
①這句話較復(fù)雜,it作形式主語(yǔ),動(dòng)詞不定式是真正的主語(yǔ),inordertocommunicatewith
thesepeopleandtolearnfromthem我們稱作目的狀語(yǔ)
②短語(yǔ):inordertodosth;communicatewithsb;learnfromsb:向,,?學(xué)習(xí)
13.Theyfinditeasytopracticeusingthelanguageregularlybecausetheywantto
learnwithit.
譯:因?yàn)樗麄兿雽W(xué)會(huì)這種語(yǔ)言,所以他們發(fā)現(xiàn)不斷地練習(xí)實(shí)際應(yīng)用這種語(yǔ)言是容易的。
①it作形式賓語(yǔ),真正的賓語(yǔ)topracticeusingthelanguageregularly,原因狀語(yǔ)從句
becausetheywanttolearnwithit.
②practice是動(dòng)詞,英式英語(yǔ)拼寫(xiě)形式是practise,美式英語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞和名詞拼寫(xiě)都是practice.作動(dòng)
詞時(shí),后面只能用動(dòng)名詞,如:practicespeakingthelanguageeveryday.(4段2行)
14.Ifyouareasuccessfullanguagelearner,youhaveprobablybeenlearning
independently,actively,andpurposefully.(*)
譯:如果你是一名成功的語(yǔ)言學(xué)習(xí)者,你大概一直在獨(dú)立地、主動(dòng)地、目的明確地學(xué)習(xí)。
①if引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句,主句中的havebeenleaning是動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí),表示動(dòng)作從以
前開(kāi)始一直不間斷地進(jìn)行到現(xiàn)在。
②三個(gè)副詞:independently,actively,andpurposefully要會(huì)拼寫(xiě)。
15.ontheotherhand,ifyourlanguagelearninghasbeenlessthansuccessful,you
mightdowelltotrysomeofthetechniquesoutlinedabove.
譯:另一方面來(lái)說(shuō),如果你的語(yǔ)言學(xué)習(xí)一直不太成功,你不妨試試上面提到的一些學(xué)習(xí)技巧。
?Ifyourlanguagelearninghasbeenlessthansuccessful是條件狀語(yǔ)從句。
②短語(yǔ):ontheotherhand:另一方面來(lái)說(shuō);lessthansuccessful:不太成功;mightdo
welltodosth:表示種委婉語(yǔ)氣,不妨…,最好….
e.g.Youmightdowelltotakethedoctor,sadvice.
That'sallforthislecture,andletJscontinuetolearnthisunitnexttime.
Don'tforgettoreviewwhatwehavelearnt,ok,seeyouthen!
ThesecondlectureofCollegeEnglish
Hi,everyone!Areyousatisfiedwiththefirstlecture?Todaywe'11continueto
learnunitone.
I.Reviewsomethinginlectureone:
A.Usefulphrases:
1.disagreewith(2段1行);2.hundredsof(2段3行);3.bedifferentfrom…(3段1
行);4.succeedinsth…(3段3行);5.asmuchasyoucan(4段2行);6.practicedoing
sth(4段2行);7.trytodo…(4段4行);8.similarinsth…(5段2行);9.firstof
all(6段1行);10.dependon(6段2行);11.insteadofsth/doingsth(6段3行);12.wait
sbtodo…(6段3行);13.learnfromsth/sb(6段7行);14.makeamistake(7段4行);
15.beafraidtodo(7段5行);16.bewillingtodo…(7段6行);17.beinterested
insth(8段2行);18.inorderto(8段4行);19.communicatewithsb(8段
4行);20.ontheotherhand(9段3行);21.mightdowelltodosth(9
段4行)
B.Someimportantwords:
1.successful;2.disagree;3.statement;4.guarantee;5.intelligent;6.
conversely;7.similar;8.independent;9.conclusion;10.communicate;
communication;11.purpose,purposefully;12.regularly;13.technique;
14.outline.
C.Keytopartexercises:(frompage8to12)
一、課文練習(xí):
I.d,a,c,d,d;
II.1.task;2.intelligent;3.tudy;4.clue;5.conclusion;6.repeat;7.communication;
8.purpose;9.probably;10.outline
Ill.1.Insteadof;2.therefore;3.more???than;4.even;5.firstofall;6.because;
7.ontheotherhand;8.finally;9.lookingfor;10.conversely
W.L見(jiàn)課文;
2.Languagelearningisactivelearning.Learnersshouldtakeadvantageofevery
chancetousethelanguage.
3.Languagelearningshouldbeactive,independentandpurposeful.
4.見(jiàn)一講作業(yè)。
5.Theteachersoftenpassontheirsuccessfulexperienceinlanguagelearningto
us.
二、詞匯練習(xí):
I.1.2.4.見(jiàn)一講詞匯講解部分;3.cover:v覆蓋;uncover:v揭開(kāi),為cover的反義詞;
discover:v發(fā)現(xiàn),同義詞:find,習(xí)題答案為:covered;uncover;discovered
II.1.inexact;2.technique;3.outlined;4.communicate;5.regularly;6.clue;
7.intelligent;8.incomplter;9.similar;10.statement
III.1.disagree;2.independent;3.incomplete;4.inexact;5.uncover/discover
4,見(jiàn)一講作業(yè)3,4,5題。2見(jiàn)課文5.Weshouldlearnsomethingnewindependently,
activelyandpurposefully.
II.TextB:要求作一般了解,屬閱讀理解課文,對(duì)于textB的文章來(lái)說(shuō),雖然較A篇稍長(zhǎng),但
難度稍低,檢測(cè)閱讀結(jié)果的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)是能夠獨(dú)立地完成課后的習(xí)題。
A.Somenewwords:
1.instance:asinglefact,event,example.彳列子、實(shí)彳列,
常用短語(yǔ)forinstance,例如。
2.waiter:apersonwhoservesfoodatthetablesinarestaurant(男性),
waitress女服務(wù)員、女招待
3.traveler:apersonwhogoesfromplacetoplace,esp.toafarawayplace
travel:v旅游
4.primitive:adj原始的:oftheearliesttimesoflifeorofman
5.exact反義詞inexact
6.consist;v短語(yǔ):consistof組成
e.g.Myclassconsistsof20students.
7.simply:adv,simpleadj簡(jiǎn)單的
B.Somelanguagepoints:
1.notonly-butalso…不但…而且,并列連詞。(連接兩個(gè)并列成分)
e.g.(1)Ihopetobenotonlyyourteacher,butalsoyourgoodfriend.
(2)???,wecandoitnotonlywiththehelpofwords,butalsoinmanyother
ways.
2.neither…nor:既不…也不,并列連詞,連接兩個(gè)并列成分。
e.g.(1)Autumnisagoodseason.It'sneitherhotnorcold.
(2)peoplewhocanneitherhearnorspeaktalktoeachotherwiththehelpof
theirfingers.
3.Heenteredarestaurantandsatatatable.(坐在桌旁)
4.inthisway:介詞短語(yǔ),用這種方法
e.g.IlearnEnglishbymyself.Inthisway,Ihavefinallygotthediplomaof
Englishmajor.
5.TheEnglishmanwhowasveryhungrybythistimeandnotatallthirstylooked
verysad.
a.本句包含有一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句,whowasveryhungrybythistimeandnotatallthirsty修
飾先行詞TheEnglishmario
b.短語(yǔ):bythistime到此時(shí)為止;notatall根本不…
6.Wordsconsistofsounds,buttherearemanysoundswhichhaveameaningandyet
arenotwords.
譯:語(yǔ)言是由聲音組成的,但具有一定意義的聲音并不都是話語(yǔ)。
短語(yǔ):consistof,
句子結(jié)構(gòu)中包含有一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句。
Keytothepartexercises:
page16:T,F,T,F,T,F,F,F,T,F.
Unit2
TextA:Taxes,Taxes,andMoreTaxes
Mainideaaboutthetext:weknowthatthetaxesintheUnitedStatesarethe
highestintheworld.Almosteveryoneneedpaytaxesonmanythings.Therearethree
levelsofgovernmentintheUnitedStates,sotherearethreetypesoftaxes;theyare
forthefederalgovernment,stategovernment,andcitygovernment.EvensomeAmericans
thinkthattheyareworkingonedayeachweekjusttopaytheirtaxes.
A.Newwords:
1.tax:n稅;vt對(duì)…征稅
a.Everycitizenhastherighttopaytaxtoourcountry.
b.Myincomeistaxedatsource.(我的收入已扣除了所得稅。)
2.generally:adv一般地、通常,同義詞:usually,常用語(yǔ):generallyspeaking,
generaladj
3.type:n類型、種類;v打字
a.Whattypeofteadoyouprefer?Greentea.
b.Shetypedtheletterquicklyandwell.
4.salary:n工資,salaried:adj拿工資的
5.earn:v掙錢(qián)、賺錢(qián),earningsn賺得的錢(qián)
6.percentage:n百分比、百分率;percentn前用數(shù)詞(*)
a.Morethantenpercentofthestudentsdidn,tcometoday.
b.Alargepercentageofschoolbooksnowhavepictures.
c.Iamahundredpercentsurethathewillcome.
7.vary:v變化、改變;variedadj有變化的、多樣的(*)
a.Holidayjobsaremanyandvaried.
b.peoplevaryverymuchintheirideasofmanythings.(注意介詞in的用法)
c.pricesoffruitvaryfromseasontoseason.
8.sale:n出售,sellv出售
9.charge:v收費(fèi)、控告
a.Howmuchdoyouchargeforrepairingmyshoes?
b.Hewaschargedwiththeguiltyofmurder.
10.addition:n加法、附加物;addv增加;additionaladj額外的、增加的(*)
a.Shealwaysaddssugartohertea.
b.Heearned1000dollarsinadditiontohissalary.
c.Wewillneedadditionalhelptodothework.
11.confuse:v使7昆舌L、混淆;confused,confusingadj;confusionn(*)
a.Ifyoutrytolearntoomanythingsatatime,youmaygetconfused.
b.Thisisaconfusingwordbecauseithastwomeanings.
c.Doyouthinkthiswillcausemuchconfusion?
d.Theyconfusedmebyaskingsomanyquestions.
11.complain:v抱怨,常跟介詞of,about,complaint:n抱怨、投訴(*)
a.Studentsalwayscomplainabouttoomuchhomework.
b.Shecomplainedthattheexamwastoohard.
c.Heusedtocomplainbitterlyofhisbadmemory.(訴說(shuō)有病)
d.Thereisnoreasonforcomplaint.
12.useless:adj無(wú)用的,反義詞useful;carefulcareless;helpfulhelpless;
hopeful->hopelessetc.
13.impractical:adj不切實(shí)際的,反義詞practical;practicev實(shí)踐、實(shí)際
14.program:n計(jì)劃、節(jié)目、程序;v編程序
15.tend:v易于、傾向于,tendencyn趨勢(shì)、傾向
a.peopletendtogetfatastheygrowolder.
b.pricescontinuetoshowanupwardtendency.(物價(jià)呈持續(xù)上升趨勢(shì)。)
B.Intensivereading:
1.Americansoftensaythatthereareonlytwothingsapersoncanbesureofin
life:deathandtaxes.(*)
譯:美國(guó)人常說(shuō),一個(gè)人一生中只有兩件事可以肯定會(huì)發(fā)生:死亡和納稅。
分析:主語(yǔ):Americans;謂語(yǔ):say;that引導(dǎo)一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句,還包含有一個(gè)省略了關(guān)聯(lián)代詞
的定語(yǔ)從句,apersoncanbesureinlife修飾twothings.
當(dāng)先行詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作賓語(yǔ)時(shí),??墒÷?。
e.g.1>.Thewatchthat/which/省略Ifoundinthelibraryishis.(why?)
2>.Thegirlwho/whom/that/省略youmetatthepartyismysister.
請(qǐng)?jiān)囍g句子:
1你一直在找的那個(gè)人來(lái)了。
2昨天我媽給我的錢(qián)已經(jīng)被偷走了。
Answer:
1.Themanwho/whom/that/省略youhavebeenlookingforhascome.
2.Themoneythat/which/省略mymothergavemeyesterdaywasstolen.
短語(yǔ);besureof:對(duì)…確信、確定
e.g.Wecanbesureofhishonesty.
2.Americansdon,thaveacorneronthedeathmarket,butmanypeoplefeelthat
theUnitedStatesleadstheworldwiththeworsttaxes.(*)
譯:美國(guó)人并不壟斷“死亡”市場(chǎng),但很多人感到美國(guó)卻以最重的賦稅在世界上名列前茅。
短語(yǔ):haveacorneronsomething:壟斷…;leadwith因…領(lǐng)先
e.g.Chinaleadstheworldwithhersilkproducts.
3.Withthehighcostoftaxes,peoplearenotveryhappyonApril15,whenthe
federaltaxesaredue.
譯:由于高額的稅款,每年4月15日人們很不開(kāi)心,因?yàn)檫@一天是上繳聯(lián)邦稅款的日子。
分析:Withthehighcostoftaxes,介詞短語(yǔ)作原因狀語(yǔ),with=becauseof,由于…,
whenthefederaltaxesaredue是非限定性定語(yǔ)從句,修飾onApril15。When叫關(guān)系副
詞。
Where,when,why是定語(yǔ)從句中的三個(gè)關(guān)系副詞,分別在定語(yǔ)從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)、時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)、
原因狀語(yǔ)。
a.ThisisthehousewhereIwasborn,(where=inwhich)
b.I'11neverforgetthedaywhenIenteredthecollege,(when=onwhich)
c.pleasetellmethereasonwhyyouarealwayslateformyclass,(why=forwhich)
另外,若定語(yǔ)從句和先行詞之間用逗號(hào)分開(kāi)稱為非限定性定語(yǔ)從句。它對(duì)先行詞只是進(jìn)一步補(bǔ)
充說(shuō)明,刪除后不會(huì)影響整個(gè)句子的基本語(yǔ)意,譯成漢語(yǔ)時(shí)一般單獨(dú)翻譯。
4.Somestateshaveanincometaxsimilartothatofthefederalgovernment.(*)
譯:有些洲有與聯(lián)邦政府類似的個(gè)人所得稅。
分析:代詞that指anincometax,英文中兩個(gè)進(jìn)行比較的事物必須是平等的,如在口語(yǔ)中我
們可說(shuō)“北京的天氣比廣州干燥”,但譯為英語(yǔ)不能寫(xiě)成:TheweatherinBeijingisdrierthan
Guangzhou,(x)城市不能和天氣進(jìn)行比較,要改為:TheweatherinBeijingisdrierthanthatin
Guangzhou.(J)
5.otherstateshaveasalestax,whichisapercentagechargedtoanyitemwhich
youbuyinthatstate.(*)
譯:其他洲征收銷售稅,對(duì)你在該洲所買(mǎi)的任何商品征收一定比例的稅。
分析:包含有兩個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句,whichisapercentagechargedtoanyitemwhichyoubuy
inthatstate是非限定定語(yǔ)從句,修飾asalestax。其中還含有另一個(gè)限定定語(yǔ)從句whichyou
buyinthatstate修飾先行詞anyitem,chargedto表示“向…征收"charged過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)修
飾apercentage.
6.Somestatesuseincometaxinadditiontosalestaxtoraisetheirrevenues.(*)
譯:有些洲除了征收銷售稅,還征收個(gè)人所得稅來(lái)增加稅收。
短語(yǔ):inadditionto除…還有…(+)
e.g.Weneedfatandproteininadditiontovitamininourdiet,
raisetheirrevenue:增加稅收。
7.Theyoftenprotestthatthegovernmentusestheirtaxdollarsinthewrongway.
Theysaythatitspendstoomuchonuselessandimpracticalprograms.
譯:他們經(jīng)常抗議政府對(duì)他們交納的稅金使用不當(dāng)。他們認(rèn)為政府在一些沒(méi)用或不切實(shí)際的項(xiàng)
目上花錢(qián)太多。
短語(yǔ):usesthinthewrongway,錯(cuò)誤地使用…,
spendsthonsth在,?,花費(fèi),或spendsthindoingsth.
e.g.MothersayshespendstoomuchtimeinwatchingTVeveryday.
8.AlthoughAmericanshavedifferentviewsonmanyissues,theytendtoagreeonone
subject:taxesaretoohigh.(*)
譯:盡管美國(guó)人在許多問(wèn)題上有不同的觀點(diǎn),但他們往往在這一點(diǎn)上達(dá)成共識(shí):稅收太高。
短語(yǔ):havedifferentviewsonsth對(duì)…有不同觀點(diǎn),tendto通常,agreeonsth同意某
事,同意某人:agreewithsb;同意做某事:agreetodosth.
III.Summaryabouttheimportantphrases:
1.besureof(1段2行);2.haveacorneronsth(l段2行);3.leadwith(l段4行);
4.consistof(2段1行);5.dependon(3段3行);6.thatis(3段4行);7.besimilarto(4段
3行);8.inadditionto(4段10行);3publicworks(5段4行);10.municipalbuildings(5段5
行);11.complainabout(6段3行);12.usesthinthewrongway(6段3-4行);13.spend…on(6
段4-5行);14.tendon(6段6行);15.agreeon(6段6行)
The3rdlectureofCollegeEnglishone:
I,Keytopartexercisesfrompage39to43:
一、課文練習(xí):
I.a,c,a,a,c
III.1.due;2.dependson;3.diverse;4.consistedof;5.similar;6.tendsto;
7.complainingabout;8.iadditionto;9.issue;
10.agreeon
IV.1.Howmuchdoyouchargeforahaircut?
2.WearetryingtoraisefundsfortheRedCross.
3.Heearnedagoodreputationforhonesty.
4.Wepaytaxesinexchangeforgovernmentservices.
5.Anopenletterprotestedgovernment?sforeignpolicy.
二、詞匯練習(xí):
I見(jiàn)2講講課內(nèi)容。
II.1.charge;2.department;3.due;4.diverse;5.earns;6.vary;7.property;
8.leading;9.fund;10.tends
II.TextB:
It'saboutadvertisement.Insuchasociety,wecanseeadvertisementeveryday.
SomearefromTV,somearefromradio,somearefromnewspaper,andothersarefrom
magazinesandevenInternet.Whenyoufindsomanyadshavepenetratedintoallthe
cornersofourlife,thendoyouthinkit'sgoodorbad?Nowlet'sfindsomethingfrom
ourtext.
A.Newwords:
1.advertise:v做廣告、登廣告;advertisement:n縮寫(xiě)ad;advertisingcompany廣告公
司;advertiser:n登廣告的人
2.attract:v吸引;attraction:n吸引力;attractive:adj吸引人的
3.design:v設(shè)計(jì);designer設(shè)計(jì)師
4.persuade:v勸說(shuō),常用習(xí)語(yǔ):persuadesbtodosth
5.leisure:n空暇、悠閑,atleisure有空,清閑。
6.classified:a分類的;classifyv分類
7.edition:n版本,apaperbackedition(平裝版),arareedition(珍藏版),a
deluxeedition(精裝版),arevisededition(修訂版);edit:v;editor:n
8.entertainment:n娛樂(lè)、款待
9.audience:n觀眾、聽(tīng)眾。
10.characteristic:a典型的;n特性、特征
11.commercial:adj商業(yè)的;n商業(yè)廣告;commercen商業(yè)。
12.responsible:a有責(zé)任的;responsibilityn責(zé)任
13.particular:a特定的
14.estimate:n/v估計(jì)、評(píng)價(jià)
15.management:n管理、經(jīng)營(yíng);manage:v管理;manager:n經(jīng)理
16.approve:v贊成、同意、毛匕準(zhǔn);approval:n
17.involve:v牽涉、卷入,beinvolvedinsth;involvement:n
B.Somedifficultsentences:
1.Advertisingisonlypartofthetotalsaleseffort,butit'sthepartthat
attractsthemostattention.
譯:廣告僅僅是整個(gè)銷售活動(dòng)的一部分,但就是這部分最能吸引人們的注意力。
注意本句的主語(yǔ)advertising是動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ),表示登廣告。再如:
playingfootballismyfavoritesport.
短語(yǔ):attractone'sattention吸引某人的注意力。
2.Voicesandmusichavebeenaddedtocolorandpicturestocatchtheearaswell
astheeye.(*)
譯:色彩和畫(huà)面配上聲音和音樂(lè),既好看又好聽(tīng)。
重點(diǎn)掌握短語(yǔ):1>.addsthtosth加…到…,
e.g.Idon'tlikeaddmilkto/intomycoffee.
2>.catchtheear,catchtheeye:吸引耳朵,吸引眼睛
3>.aswellas:也,除了…還有…(+)
e.g.IlikeChineseaswellasEnglish.
3.Televisionadsareshort,buttheyarerepeatedoverandoveragainsothatthe
audienceseesandhearsthemmanytimes.(*)
譯:電視廣告時(shí)間很短,但它們被反復(fù)播放,可以使觀眾看聽(tīng)許多遍。
短語(yǔ):overandoveragain一遍又~1遍;sothat=inorderthat表目的;
audience:稱作集體名詞,當(dāng)單形集體名詞被看作一個(gè)整體時(shí),具有單數(shù)概念;被看作若干個(gè)個(gè)
體時(shí),具有復(fù)數(shù)概念。像這樣的名詞有:family,government,class,staffetc.
a.Hisfamilyisabigoneinourcity.
b.Hisfamilyareveryfriendlytous.
c.Theaudienceisquietwhentheconcertison.
d.TheaudiencelikeHarryportterverymuch.
C.Usefulphrases:
1.attractone'sattention(l段2行);2.naturalenough(1段2行);3.forthemost
part(1段6行);4.persuadesbtodosth(l段7行);5.alargeamountofsth(3段1行);6.be
characteristicofsth(3段7行);7.catchtheeye(3段8行);8.nomorethan(3段9行);
9.idebtitywithsth(3段10行);10.addto(4段2行);11.catchtheear(4段3行:);12.over
andoveragain(4段4行);13.sothat(4段5行);14.putupwith(4段7行);15.millionsof(4
段8行);16.beresponsibleforsth/sb(5段1行);17.decideonsth(5段2行);18.makean
estimateofsth(5段4行);19.beinvolvedinsth(5段6行);20.aswellas(4段3行);
21.carryover(4段1行)
D.Keytosomeexercises:
I.page49:T,F,F,T,T,T,T,F,T,F.
詞匯練習(xí):52
I.e,b,c,d,a
II.1.attracts;2.leisure;3.available;4.limited;5.estimate
III.1.decidedon;2.approved;3.estimate;4.carriedover;5.putupwith;
6.characteristicof
IV.B,C,B,A,C,D.
Unit3
TextA:TheAtlanticocean
Intheearth,therearefouroceans:thepacificocean,theAtlanticocean,the
Indianocean,andtheArcticocean.TheAtlanticoceanisn,tthebiggestinarea,but
thereareothertwothingsthatmakeitveryunusual.Doyouwanttoknowwhattheyare,
andthenpleasereadthetextverycarefully?Andfromthepastexamsthetextisvery
important.
A.Newwords:
1.sailor:n水手、海員;sail:v航海,n航海、帆(*)
a.HehassailedforNewYork.
b.Heisagoodsailorandseldomgetssickduringstormsatsea.
c.Howmanydays'sailisitfromTianjintoDalian?
2.unwilling:a不情愿的,反義詞willing:愿意的,常用短語(yǔ):bewillingtodo…,be
unwillingtodo???;副詞:unwillingly,willingly;名詞:will意愿、意志。(*)
a.Heishappywiththepriceandwillingtopay.
b.Thechildalwaysdoeshishomeworkunwillingly,sohehasn'tmademuchprogress.
c.Sheisillandunwillingtogooutwithus.
3.unusual:a不尋常的、與眾不同的,反義詞:usual,副詞:usually(*)
a.Youngpeopleshouldnotwearunusualclothes.
b.Hewenttotownasusual
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