2022屆高考名校自招英語講義-閱讀理解

高考自招寶典（1）--閱讀理解篇

第七講閱讀理解之事實(shí)細(xì)解題

【考點(diǎn)說明】

閱讀理解之事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題在考題中的比例比較大，在有傳統(tǒng)閱讀題型的聯(lián)盟考試（復(fù)旦千分考、北約、卓越同

盟）中，基本每篇閱讀中都至少含有一道事實(shí)細(xì)解題，所以充分掌握這部分的答題方法和答題技巧是非常必要的。

【題型特點(diǎn)分析】

所謂細(xì)節(jié)題，是指原文提到了某事物、現(xiàn)象和理論，題干針對原文具體敘述本身發(fā)問。該類題型幾乎都可以

在原文中直接找到與答案有關(guān)的信息，或是其變體。該題型可具體分為三大類：

（1）細(xì)節(jié)辨認(rèn)題：在原文中可以直接找到答案，題干常用what,when,where,why,how,who等提問。

（2）細(xì)節(jié)推理題：答案根據(jù)原文中的細(xì)節(jié)推理得到。

（3）細(xì)節(jié)歸納題：需要將題目信息與原文中的相關(guān)信息進(jìn)行語義上的轉(zhuǎn)換，兩者存在表達(dá)上的差異，

有時需要進(jìn)行加工或整理后方能得到答案。

常見的題干表現(xiàn)形式有：

<When/wheredidthestoryhappen?

Whichofthefollowingstatementsis（not）mentionedinthepassage?

Whichistherightorderoftheeventsgiveninthepassage?

（Allthestatementsaretrueexcept...

Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisnotmentionedasoneofthereasonsfbr...?

這類細(xì)節(jié)性問題所涉及的面很廣，有的需要經(jīng)過簡單的數(shù)學(xué)運(yùn)算確定時間、距離、次數(shù)、數(shù)量等；有的涉及

正誤判斷；有的詢問事實(shí)、原因、結(jié)果、目的等。

【解題技巧】

解題技巧是建立在對題目特點(diǎn)和選項(xiàng)特點(diǎn)的充分把握之上的，鑒于上一部分已對題目特點(diǎn)進(jìn)行了分析，所

以這部分將主要從答題步驟和選項(xiàng)特點(diǎn)兩方面解析答題技巧。

（一）解題步驟

1.迅速定位,縮小范圍:通過尋讀法（scanning）,用題干或選項(xiàng)中的關(guān)鍵詞（如人名，地名時間

等）在文中搜尋，迅速確定相關(guān)詞句或信息點(diǎn)所在的位置，縮小閱讀范圍。題干和選項(xiàng)中可用K在文

中搜索關(guān)鍵詞可能是專有名詞、數(shù)詞、實(shí)體名詞，以及這些詞的同義表達(dá)等。

2.理解其意,對照選項(xiàng):在找到這些關(guān)鍵詞句后，要仔細(xì)閱讀，準(zhǔn)確理解，對照選項(xiàng)，看刷卜選項(xiàng)

的意思與之最接近。

3.排除干擾,選出答案:在做出選擇的過程中，要善于辨別真?zhèn)?，排除干擾，不斷縮小范圍選出

正確答案，這就是我們常說的排除法。

（二）選項(xiàng)特點(diǎn)

1.正確選項(xiàng)的特點(diǎn)

”①一般可以在文章中直接或間接找到答案，但是不可能與閱讀材料一模一樣，而是用不同

的詞語或句型表達(dá)相同的意思。

“②題干+正確選項(xiàng)的信息值等于或者約等于原文中某句的信息值。

、③體現(xiàn)中心思想，細(xì)節(jié)與主旨直接關(guān)聯(lián)。

2.干擾選項(xiàng)的特點(diǎn)

C①杜撰事實(shí),無中生有.文中根本找不到任何相關(guān)信息，完全由命題人所捏造；符合常

識，但不是文章內(nèi)容。

②偷梁換柱,以假亂真、采用原文中的句式和大部分詞匯，但換了個別詞，改變原意。

③半真半假,虛虛實(shí)實(shí)。干擾項(xiàng)與原文相關(guān)細(xì)節(jié)部分相同，部分相悖。

④文不對題,濫竽充數(shù)。干擾項(xiàng)是原文中的事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)，但與題干要求不符。

I⑤以偏概全,掩人耳目。干擾項(xiàng)只代表了某一方面的含義，不具有概括性。

3.注意問題

1①含有模糊性和絕對意義的詞語的選項(xiàng)要特別注意(如：some,sometimes,someone,possible,

probably...;only,most,everything,all,completely等)

1②注意細(xì)微之處的干擾，干擾選項(xiàng)與原文的差別很細(xì)微，正確答案與主旨相關(guān)。

③留意否定詞。如果題干中含有否定意義的詞語，如有not,except,least,never等，要特別留

心，不要理解錯了，而選相反的答案。

【典例精講】

一.(華南理工大學(xué))

A

Mostpeoplewillansweraringingphone.Usuallyyoudon'tknowwhoisphoningorhowurgenttheirbusinessis,

soaringingphoneisdifficulttoignore.Inoneexperirri^n^areseargherwrotedownthenumbersofseveralpublic

phonesinstationsandairports.Thenhecalledthenumbers.Someonenearlyalwaysanswered.Whenheaskedwhy,

peopleusuallysaid,"Becauseitrang.^^

AfewyearsagoinNewJersey,amanwithagunkilled13people.Armedpolicesurroundedhishousebuthe

refusedtocomeout.Areporterfoundoutthephonenumberofthehouseandcalled.Themanputdownhisrifleand

answeredthephone.44Whatdoyouwant?^^hesaidJTmreallybusyrightnow.”

Imagineyou'reatworkandthephoneisringinginsomeoneelse'soffice.Doyouansweritornot?Inonesurveyon

telephoneuse,51%ofparticipantstoldresearchersthattheydid.Wecan'tignorethephoneandforthatreason,itforces

itswayintoourlives.Itinterruptswhatwearedoingandontopofthat,thecallerisoftensomeonewedon'treallywant

totalkto.However,inthesurvey,58%saidtheynevertookthephoneoffthehook,and67%didn'tmindifsomeone

calledduringatelevisionprogramme.For44%itwasn'taproblemifsomeonerangduringameal,whileonly28%were

annoyedorupset.Ifsomeonephonedinthemiddleofthenight,40%toldresearchersthattheygotnervousorfrightened,

whilearound30%gotangry.

Ofcourse,whensomeoneisreallyannoying,youcanchoosetohanguponthem.Thisisinfactoneoftherudest

thingsyoucandoonthephone,but79%saidtheywerepreparedtodoitinsomecases.Only6%toldresearchersthey

neverhunguponpeople.

1.IntheExperiment)peopleansweredtheresearcher^phone.

A.forfearthatitwasurgent

B.inordertohelphimgatherthedata

C.totestthefunctionofthephone

D.toshowtheirinterestinthesurvey

2.AccordingtoPara.3,mostpeoplewhentheyweredoingtheirworkorwatchingtelevision?

A.mindedtheringingofthephone

B.couldn'tignorethephone

C.refusedtoanswerthephoneinsomeoneelse'soffice

D.keptthephoneringing

二.（上海交通大學(xué)）

B

Athoroughmarketanalysisandplanareessentialforstartinganewventureordecidingwhetheranexistingone

shouldbeterminatedorexpanded.Manybusinessesandprogramshavefailedtheimportanceofthesestepswas

underestimated.Themarketresearch,analysis,andplanshouldbeconductedbyaqualifiedcompanyemployeeor

departmentalofficialorbyanexperiencedthirdparty.Themostimportantpointisthatitmustbefinishedbeforea

decisionismadetoproceed.

Investorscanprovidethefinancing.Theprincipalscaninvesttime,money,andenergy.Facilitiescanbebuiltand

equippedandpersonnelhiredandtrained.Yetitcanallbelostifthereisn'tamarkettosupporttheproduct.

Repeatedbusinessfailures,whichcanbeattributedtoalackofmarketresearchandplanning,occurredinmanyof

theshoppingcentersintheauthor'shomecityofSanJose.California.Speci^kyshopsha^openedandclosedona

regularbasis.Somefailureswereundoubtedlyduetopoormanagement,otherstoundercapitalizationorpooreconomic

conditions.Butmanywerecausedbyaninadequateunderstandingofthemarketbeingserved________

Manyoftheproductscarriedbythespecialtystoreswerealsooffereddepartmentordiscountstores）often

locatedinthesameshoppingcenter.ThedepartmentanddiscountstoresfrequentlyTiadadistinuipriceaJvantage.For

thespecialtyshops,theproblemwasalackofcompetitiveknowledge,whichonlycomesfrommarketanalysisand

planning.

PatentlyridiculousexamplesofpoormarketplanningarelocatingaCadillacdealershipinthecenterofapoor

districtandopeningaJapanesespecialtyfoodstoreinapredominantlyItalianneighborhood.

Buttheseextremeexampleshighlighttheessentiallesson:theimportanceofknowingthemarkettobeserved.

1.Accordingtothefirstparagraph,thefailureofmanybusinessesliesin.

A.unsuccessfuldecision-making

B.shortageofadequateinvestment

C.poormanagementofthebusiness

D.insufficientscientificmarketstudy

2Whetherabusinesscansurviveornotmainlydependsonthefactthat.

A.thereisenoughcapitaltorunthecompany

B.customersarewillingtobuyitsproducts

C.thepersonnelarewelltrainedandenergetic

D.itisfullyequippedwithadvancedfacilities

3.Specialtyshopsoftenfailincompetingwitl^^edepartmentsto^inthesamedistrict

mainlybecause.

A.theirproductsaremoreexpensive

B.theirservicesareoftenundesirable

C.theyfailtoadjusttotherightmarket

D.theydon'tofferalargevarietyofgoods

工例題后的技巧總結(jié):

1）通讀全文，了解大致內(nèi)容；

2）把握文章主旨，通常細(xì)節(jié)題目中的正確答案與文章主旨聯(lián)系非常緊密。

3）熟悉正確項(xiàng)與干擾項(xiàng)的特點(diǎn)，有助于考生了解出題者的出題角度，從而更容易選出正確選項(xiàng)。

4）按步驟做題，保證做題速度，熟練后亦可保證做題速度。

【真題模擬題訓(xùn)練】

(-)真題(復(fù)旦)

SarahAlexandercelebratedthestartofherlastyearatWellsCollegethewaymanyotherseniorsbeforeherhave.

SheranacrossthepicturesquecampustotheshoresofCayugaLake,whereshejumpedintothewater.

Sodidmanyofherfellowseniors.Butdozensofstudentsdecidedtostayaway,especiallytherelativelyfewnewly

anivedmalestudents.

WellsCollege,whichsince1868hadeducatedonlywomen,beganacceptingmenthisyearinhopesofbolsteringits

dwindlingenrollment.Formanystudentsandalumnae,itwasacrushingdecision.Afterthecollegeannouncedlast

Octoberthatitwouldgocoeducational,abouthalfofthestudentsprotestedandtwofiledalawsuit,whichtheylater

dropped.

Thestudents——33menand383womencametocampuslatelastmonth.Bothsexesarenowtryingtonavigate

thenewsociallandscape.Mr.Phillipssaid“Youcan'tdoguystuff.Everytimeyouwanttositandwatchsportsora

game,itturnsintoamovie.^^Thewomenwere“somewhatnasty"Icouldseethedirtylooksintheireyes."Hesaid,“But

Iwasnotgoingtoletthatstopmefromcomings.^^

Wellswasaplacewherewomendidnothavetofussovertheirappearanceorfighttobetakenseriouslybytheir

professor.Theycouldenjoythecamaraderieoftheircampussistersandtheirplayfultraditions.Besidesjumpingintothe

lake,thewomendancearoundthemaypoleeachMayandkissthefeetofthestatueofMinerva,theRomangoddessof

wisdom,beforeexams.

Ms.Alexandersaid,"Peopletolduswewouldn'tnoticeadifference,butfromthemomentmenarrivedoncampus

youcouldnoticeadifference.Womenarewakingupearlytoputonmakeup,andthat'sodd,^^shesaid.

HenryWells,afounderofWellsFargoandafriendofCornelFsbenefactor,EzraCornellestablishedthiscollege,when

womenwerenotconsideredcapableofhigherlearning.4€Givehertheopportunity,hewrote.

Thenewsthatthecollegewouldgocoedcreatedripplesfarbeyondcampus.Onealumnawrotealettertothe

college'spresident,LisaMarshRyerson,sayingthefounderwouldhaunther."IbelieveHenryWellswouldhave

hauntedmeifIletWellsCollegeclose,saidMs.MarshRyerson,aWellsalumnaherself.

Thegreat-great-great-greatgranddaughterofHenryWells,StephanieRedmond,18,ofWashingtonState,saidthat

earlierthisyearaWellsstudenthadtrackedherdownandaskedhertosupporttheprotest.ButMs.Redmondsaidthe

movetoadmitmenhadencouragedhertoenrollatWellsthisyearasafreshman.Sheplansonacareerinengineering,a

male-dominatedfield,andsaidattendinganall-women'scollegemighthaveputheratadisadvantage.

1.TheprimaryreasonforWellsCollegetoacceptmenisthat.

A.itsenrollmentrateisindecline

B.thecampuslacksvigorandvitality

C.itwillfacethedestinyofbeingcloseddown

D.all-women'scollegemightputawomanatadisadvantage

2.Atypicalbehaviorforseniorstodoisthat.

A.theyjogalongthepicturesquecampus

B.theyswitchsportsprogramstoamovie

C.theycelebratetheirfourthyearbyjumpingintoalake

D.theyswiminCayugaLakeaccompaniedbytheirfriends

3.Thechangeafterturningintoacoedcollegeisthat.

A.dirtylooksinwomen'seyeshavedisappeared

B.womengetupearlytomakeup

C.womenarewakingupearlytostudy

D.womendancewithmenaroundthemaypole

4.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrue?

A.Theenrollmentofmalestudentscausedcontroversy.

B.Thegrandchildrenofthecollegefounderbenefitedmost.

C.Thecurrentpresidentofthecollegewasalsoitsgraduate.

D.Thefounderhopedtogivewomenopportunitiesofhighereducation.

（二）模擬題

A

“Howmanyofyouhavebeenangryatleastoncetoday?"askedtheconductorofananger-managementseminar.

AccordingtoanarticleTheNewYorkTimes,mostofthoseintheroomraisedtheirhands."Thefactis,"theseminar

leadercontinued,"peoplegetangryanaverageof10tO14timesaday.Butangerisespeciallyendemictowork.Ifyou

haveajob,you'reguaranteedtogetangry."

Upwouldhavegonemyhand,hadIbeenintheroomandheardthatlastmark.AndIwouldhaverespectfully

disagreed.

Althoughsomestatisticsindicatethatthenumberofon-the-jobflare-upshasincreasedinrecentyears,toholdonto

thenotionthatworkplaceangeristhereforeguaranteediscounterproductive.Itleavesonewiththeimpressionthatany

effortstoremaineven-temperedatworkare,atbest,onlyabandit.

Anger-managementexpertsdoofferafewcommon-senseguidelinestominimizework-relatedanger:Don'tletit

fester;don'tlookforsnubsinwhatarepurelyinnocentincidents;don'tgetcaughtupinotherpeople'sgripes;ifyoustart

tolosecontrol,takeabreak.

Iwouldadd,pray.

Insteadofsittingtherefumingoversomeencounter,whynotusethetimetolistentoGod'sthoughts,hismessages

toyou?Tobesure,theywillsnuffouttheheatofangerandbringcalmness,clarityandhealing.UIknowthethoughts

thatIthinktowardyou,faiththeLord,thoughtsofpeace,andnotofevil,togiveyouanexpectedend."

Betterstill,onecanactpreemptivelytopreventavolatileatmosphereonthejob.Agoodstartistoconsiderthatthe

peopleweworkwith-whetherit'sthepersonatthedeskacrossfromoursorthepresidentofthecompany-arenot

whatweseeonthesurface.

Ifwetakeitforgrantedthatourcoworkersaresomanyindividualscomposedmerelyofanassortmentofphysical

andemotionalcharacteristics,thenouroverallexpectationsonthejob,aswellasourconcernforthewell-beingofthose

weworkwith,arelimited.Butourtruenatureisn'tthesumofmaterialandsometimesfieryemotionalelements.Each

oneofusisGod'schild.Everyone'strueselfhoodcomesfromthisonesource—God,divineSpirit—andistherefore

purelygoodandspiritual.

"Man(includingwoman)istheoffspring,notofthelowest,butofthehighestqualitiesofMind,"wroteMaryBaker

Eddy,authorofScienceandHealthwithKeytotheScriptures.ThisdivineMind,orGod,isexpressingineachofus

these"highestqualities"asourrealnature,respectfullyandlovingly,andrevealingouractualrelationtooneanotheras

sonsanddaughtersofGod.

Whatweshouldbecountingonatwork,then,oranywhereelsewherepeoplecomeintocontactwithoneanother,is

anatmosphereinwhicheveryonefeelsupheldbyGod'sthoughtsofpeace.Inthisatmosphere,solidrelationships

developandsolutionsappeareveninsituationswhereitwasbelievedthatnonewerepossible.

So,insteadofbracingfbrashowdownwithafellowworker,youcanarriveatwork,filledwiththeconvictionthat

youandyourcolleagues,clientsandcustomersareallinherentlygood-natured—God-natured—theoffspringofa

totallylovingcreator.You'recertaintohavehigherexpectations,morecompassion,morepatience.Arealpeacemaker

attitude.

Thisisdoingmorethanmanagingwork-relatedanger.Thisishelpingtoeliminateit.

1.Whatguidelinesdotheanger-managementexpertsoffertosubsideworkplaceanger?

A.Calmdownandtrytosolvetheproblem.

B.Takeabreathwhenbeginningtolosecontrol.

C.Divertyourattentiontopleasantthings.

D.Alloftheabove.

2.Whatdoestheauthorof"ScienceandHealthwithKeytotheScriptures"trytoconveyreadersinthebook?

A.ManiscreatedbyGodwithdivinequalities.

B.Humanbeings'realnatureisasrespectfulasGod.

C.WearealloffspringofGod;ourrelationshipwithothersisthatofbrotherhoodorsisterhood,sothere'snoreason

forconflicts.

D.Alloftheabovepoints.

B

Intheearly20thcentury,fewthingsweremoreappealingthanthepromiseofscientificknowledge.Inaword

strugglingwithrapidindustrialization,scienceandtechnologyseemedtooffersolutionstoalmosteveryproblem.Newly

createdstatecollegesanduniversitiesdevotedthemselvesalmostentirelytoscientific,technological,andengineering

fields.ManyAmericanscametobelievethatscientificcertaintycouldnotonlysolvescientificproblems,butalsoreform

politics,government,andbusiness.TwoworldwarsandaGreatDepressionrockedtheconfidenceofmanypeoplethan

scientificexpertisealonecouldcreateprosperousandorderedworld.AfterWorldWarII,theacademicworldturnedwith

newenthusiasmtohumanisticstudies,whichseemedtomanyscholarsthebestwaytoensurethesurvivalofdemocracy.

AmericanscholarsfannedoutacrossmuchoftheworldwithsupportfromtheFordFoundation,theFulbright

program,etc.topromotetheteachingofliteratureandtheartsinanefforttomakethecasefbrdemocraticfreedoms.

IntheAmericaofourowntime,thegreateducationalchallengehasbecomeanefforttostrengthentheteachingof

whatisnowknownastheSTEMdisciplines(science,technology,engineering,andmath).Thereisconsiderableand

justifiedconcernthattheUnitedStatesisfallingbehindmuchoftherestofthedevelopedworldintheseessential

disciplines.India,China,Japanandotherregionsseemtobeseizingtechnologicalleadership.

Atthesametime,perhapsinevitably,thehumanitieswhilestillpopularinethiccollegesanduniversitieshave

experiencedasignificantdecline.Humanisticdisciplinesareseriouslyunderfunded,notjustbythegovernmentandthe

foundationsbutbyacademicinstitutionsthemselves.Humanistsareusuallyamongthelowest-paidfacultymembersat

mostinstitutionsandareoftenlightlyregardedbecausetheydonotgeneratedgrantincomeandbecausetheyprovideno

obviouscredentials(資質(zhì))fbrmostnonacademiccareers.

UndoubtedlyAmericaneducationshouldtrainmorescientistsandengineers.Muchoftheconcernamong

politiciansaboutthestateofAmericanuniversitiestodayisfocusedintheabsenceof“realworld^^educationwhich

meanspreparationforprofessionalandscientificcareers.Buttheideathatinstitutionsortheirstudentsmustdecide

betweenhumanitiesandscienceisfalse.Oursocietycouldnotsurvivewithoutscientificandtechnologicalknowledge.

Butwewouldbeequallyimpoverished（貧困的）withouthumanisticknowledgeaswell.Scienceandtechnologyteach

uswhatwecando.Humanisticthinkinghelpsusunderstandwhatweshoulddo.

Itisalmostimpossibletoimagineoursocietywithoutthinkingoftheextraordinaryachievementsofscientistsand

engineersinbuildingourcomplicatedworld.Buttrytoimagineourworldaswellwithouttheremarkableworksthat

havedefinedourcultureandvalues.Wehavealwaysneeded,andwestillneed,both.

1.Intheearly20thcenturyAmericansbelievedscienceandtechnologycould.

A.solvevirtuallyallexistingproblems

B.quickenthepaceofindustrialization

C.helpraisepeople'slivingstandards

D.promotethenation'ssocialprogress

2WhyareAmericanscholarsworriedabouteducationaltoday?

A.theSTEMsubjectsaretoochallengingforstudentstolearn.

B.SomeAmericancountrieshaveovertakenAmericainbasicscience.

C.AmericaislaggingbehindintheSTEMdisciplines.

D.Therearenoenoughscholarsinhumanisticstudies.

3.Whatacceleratedthesignificantdeclineinhumanisticstudiestoday?

A.Insufficientfunding.

B.Shrinkingenrollment.

C.Shortageofdevelopedfaculty.

D.Dimprospectsforgraduates.

4.Whydoestheauthorattachsomuchimportancetohumanisticstudies?

A.Theypromotethedevelopmentofscienceandtechnology.

B.Theyhelppreparestudentsfortheirprofessionalcareers.

C.Humanisticthinkinghelpsdefineourcultureandvalues.

D.Humanisticthinkinghelpscultivatestudents?creativity.

（三）拓展題

A

Youheartherefrainallthetime:theU.S.economylooksgoodstatistically,butitdoesn'tfeelgood.Whydoesn't

ever-greaterwealthpromoteever-greaterhappiness?Itisaquestionthatdatesatleasttotheappearancein1958ofThe

AffluentSocietybyJohnKennethGalbraith,whodiedrecentlyat97.

TheAflluentSocietyisamodemclassicbecauseithelpeddefineanewmomentinthehumancondition.Formost

ofhistory,'"hunger,sickness,andcold"threatenednearlyeveryone,Galbraithwrote/Tovertywasfoundeverywherein

thatworld.Obviouslyitisnotofours.^^AfterWorldWarII,thedreadofanotherGreatDepressiongavewaytoan

economicboom.Inthe1930sunemploymenthadaveraged18.2percent;inthe1950sitwas4.5percent.

ToGalbraith,materialismhadgonemadandwouldbreeddiscontent.Throughadvertising,companiesconditioned

consumerstobuythingstheydidn'treallywantorneed.Becausesomuchspendingwasartificial,itwouldbe

unfulfilling.Meanwhile,governmentspendingthatwouldmakeeveryonebetteroffwasbeingcutdownbecausepeople

instinctively—andwrongly—labeledgovernmentonlyas“anecessaryevil."It'softensaidthatonlythericharegetting

ahead;everyoneelseisstandingstillorfallingbehind.Well,therearemanyundeservingrich-overpaidchiefexecutives,

forinstance.Butoveranymeaningfulperiod,mostpeople'sincomesareincreasing.From1995to2004,

inflation-adjustedaveragefamilyincomerose14.3percent,to$43,200.Pcoplefeel"squeezed”becausetheirrising

incomesoftendon'tsatisfytheirrisingwants—forbiggerhomes,morehealthcare,moreeducation,fasterInternet

connections.

Theothergreatfrustrationisthatithasnoteliminatedinsecurity.Peopleregardjobstabilityaspartoftheirstandard

ofliving.Ascorporatelayoffsincreased,thatparthaseroded.Moreworkersfearthey'vebecome"thedisposable

American,''asLouisUchitelleputsitinhisbookbythesamename.

Becausesomuchprevioussufferingandsocialconflictstemmedfrompoverty,thearrivalofwidespreadaffluence

suggestedutopianpossibilities.Uptoapoint,affluencesucceeds.Thereismuchlessphysicalmiserythanbefore.People

arebetteroff.Unfortunately,affluencealsocreatesnewcomplaintsandcontradictions.

Advancedsocietiesneedeconomicgrowthtosatisfythemultiplyingwantsoftheircitizens.Butthequestfbr

growthletsloosenewanxietiesandeconomicconflictsthatdisturbthesocialorder.Affluenceliberatestheindividual,

promisingthateveryonecanchooseauniquewaytoself-fulfillment.Butthepromiseissoextravagantthatitpredestines

manydisappointmentsandsometimesinspireschoicesthathaveanti-socialconsequences,includingfamilybreakdown

andobesity.Statisticalindicatorsofhappinesshavenotrisenwithincomes.

Shouldwebesurprised?Notreally.We'vesimplyreaffirmedanoldtruth:thepursuitofaffluencedoesnotalways

endwithhappiness.

必做題：事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題

1.WhatquestiondoesJohnKennethGalbraithraiseinhisbookTheAffluentSociety?

A.Whystatisticsdon'ttellthetruthabouttheeconomy.

B.Whyaffluencedoesn'tguaranteehappiness.

C.Howhappinesscanbepromotedtoday.

D.Whatliesbehindaneconomicboom.

2.AccordingtoGalbraith,peoplefeeldiscontentedbecause.

A.publicspendinghasn'tbeencutdownasexpected

B.thegovernmenthasprovedtobeanecessaryevil

C.theyareinfearofanotherGreatDepression

D.materialismhasrunwildinmodemsociety

3.Whydopeoplefeelsqueezedwhentheiraverageincomerisesconsiderably?

A.Theirmaterialpursuitshavegonefaraheadoftheirearnings.

B.Theirpurchasingpowerhasdroppedmarkedlywithinflation.

C.Thedistributionofwealthisunevenbetweentherichandthepoor.

D.Healthcareandeducationalcosthavesomehowgoneoutofcontrol.

4.WhathasaffluencebroughttoAmericansociety?

A.Renewedeconomicsecurity.

B.Asenseofself-fulfillment.

C.Newconflictsandcomplaints.

D.Miseryandanti-socialbehavior.

選做題：非事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題

5.WhatdoesLouisUchitellemeanby“thedisposableAmerican,,(Line3,Para.4)?

A.Thosewhoseejobstabilityaspartoftheirlivingstandard.

B.Peoplefullofutopianideasresultingfromaffluence.

C.PeoplewhohavelittlesayinAmericanpolitics.

D.Workerswhonolongerhavesecurejobs.

B

You'reintroubleifyouhavetobuyyourownbrand-nameprescriptiondrugs.Overthepastdecade,pricesleaped

bymorethandoubletheinflationrate.Treatmentsforchronicconditionscaneasilytop$2,000amonth-nowonderthat

oneinfourAmericanscan'taffordtofilltheirprescriptions.Thesolution?Aheartychorusof“OhCanada."Northofthe

border,wherepricecontrolsreign,thosesamebrand-namedrugscost50%to80%less.

TheCanadianoptionisfastbecomingapoliticalwake-upcall,“Ifourneighborscanbuydrugsatreasonableprices,

whycan'twe?"Eventowhisperthatthoughtprovokesanger."Un-American!,9And-thepropagandists9trumpcard（王

牌）一"Wreckourbrillianthealth-caresystem.^^Super-sizedrugprices,theyclaim,fundtheresearchthatsparksthenext

generationofwonderdrugs.Nosky-highdrugpricetoday,nocureforcancertomorrow.Soshutupandpayup.

Commonsensetellsyouthat'safalsealternative.Therewardforfinding,say,acancercureissohugethatnoone's

goingtohangitup.Nevertheless,ifCanada-levelpricingcametotheUnitedStates,theindustry'sprofitmarginswould

dropandthepaceofnew-drugdevelopmentwouldslow.HereliestheAmericandilemma.Whoisallthissplendid

medicinefor?Shouldourhealth-caresystemcontinueitsdrivetowardthebestofthebest,eventhoughrisingnumbersof

patientscan'taffordit?Orshouldwedirectourwealthtowardlettingeveryoneinontoday'slevelofcare?Measuredby

savedlives,thelatterisalmostcertainlythebettercourse.

Todefendtheirprofits,thedrugcompanieshavewarnedCanadianwholesalersandpharmaciesnottosellto

Americansbymail,andarecuttingbacksuppliestothosewhodare.Meanwhile,theadministrationisplayingthefear

card.OfficialsfromtheFoodandDrugAdministrationwillarguethatCanadiandrugsmightbefake,mishandled,or

evenapotentialthreattolife.

DobaddnigsflyaroundtheInternet?Sure,andthemorewelook,themorewe'Hfind.ButIhaven'theardofany

ragingepidemicsamongthehundredsofthousandsofpeoplebuyingcross-border.Mostusersofprescriptiondrugsdon't

worryaboutcostsalot.They'reshelteredbyemployeeinsurance,owingjusta$20co-pay.

Thefinancialblowsrain,instead,ontheuninsured,especiallythechronicallyillwhoneedexpensivedrugstolive.

Thisgroupwillstillincludemiddle-incomeseniorsonMedicare,who'llhavetodigdeeplyintotheirpocketsbefore

gettingmuchfromthenewdrugbenefitthatstartsin2006.

1.Whatissaidabouttheconsequenceofthe